Quantum measurement and control method, system and device, and computer program product

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of quantum computers. Disclosed are a quantum measurement and control method, system and device, and a computer program product. The method is applied to a measurement and control host computer in a quantum measurement and control system, wherein a remote procedure call client is deployed in the measurement and control host computer. The quantum measurement and control system further comprises a measurement and control slave computer, wherein a remote procedure call server is deployed in the measurement and control slave computer, and the remote procedure call client establishes a communication connection with the remote procedure call server. The method comprises: acquiring experimental parameter information of a quantum experiment to be executed, and generating an experimental instruction; sending the experimental instruction to a remote procedure call server by means of a remote procedure call client, wherein a measurement and control slave computer receives the experimental instruction by means of the remote procedure call server and sends the experimental instruction to a device driver, performs an experimental operation by means of the device driver to obtain an experimental result, and returns the experimental result to the remote procedure call client; and receiving the experimental result by means of the remote procedure call client, and reading experimental data. The present application improves the stability of a quantum measurement and control system.

Description

Quantum measurement and control methods, systems, equipment and computer program products Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of quantum computer technology, and in particular to quantum measurement and control methods, systems, devices and computer program products. Background Technology

[0002] In current quantum measurement and control systems, the host computer is connected to the slave computers via network cables and switches. The host computer deploys a quantum operating system, and the drivers for each slave computer are integrated into the quantum operating system as instrument driver libraries. Because quantum measurement and control experiments involve frequent data exchange, including continuous write and read operations, the quantum operating system employs a coroutine framework to improve execution efficiency. The coroutine framework allows the operating system to release control while waiting for I / O (input / output) operations to complete, thereby improving program concurrency and responsiveness. However, different slave computers provide different programmable interfaces, which may lead to thread conflicts when coroutines in the quantum operating system and those in the slave computer interfaces run simultaneously. This can affect the stability of the quantum measurement and control system and even cause it to crash.

[0003] The above content is only used to help understand the technical solution of this application and does not represent an admission that the above content is prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to provide a quantum measurement and control method, system, device and computer program product, which aims to solve the technical problem that the stability of the quantum measurement and control system is affected.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a quantum measurement and control method. This method is applied to a host computer in a quantum measurement and control system. The host computer deploys a remote procedure call (RPC) client. The quantum measurement and control system also includes a slave computer, which deploys a RPC server. The RPC client and the RPC server establish a communication connection. The quantum measurement and control method includes:

[0006] Obtain experimental parameter information for the quantum experiment to be performed, and generate experimental instructions based on the experimental parameter information;

[0007] The experimental instructions are sent from the remote procedure call client to the remote procedure call server. The measurement and control lower-level machine receives the experimental instructions through the remote procedure call server and sends them to the device driver. The device driver performs the experimental operation according to the experimental instructions to obtain the experimental results, and returns the experimental results to the remote procedure call client through the remote procedure call server.

[0008] The experimental instructions are sent from the remote procedure call client to the remote procedure call server to receive the experimental results, and the experimental data is read based on the experimental results.

[0009] In one embodiment, the step of generating experimental instructions based on the experimental parameter information includes:

[0010] A configuration dictionary is generated based on the experimental parameter information, wherein the configuration dictionary is used to store the experimental parameter information;

[0011] Experimental instances are constructed based on the configuration dictionary, and experimental instructions are generated based on the experimental instances, wherein the experimental instances are used to characterize the experimental configuration of the quantum experiment to be executed.

[0012] In one embodiment, the step of constructing experimental instances based on the configuration dictionary and generating experimental instructions based on the experimental instances includes:

[0013] The configuration dictionary is parsed to generate a list of tuples and a read instruction, wherein the list of tuples includes multiple tuples, and the tuples represent the experimental steps of the quantum experiment to be performed;

[0014] The list of tuples is stored as the setting attribute value of a preset base instance, the read instruction is stored as the read attribute value of the base instance, and the base instance storing the setting attribute value and the read attribute value is used as an experimental instance.

[0015] An operation instruction is constructed based on the set attribute value, and a read instruction is constructed based on the read attribute value. The operation instruction and the read instruction are used as the experimental instruction.

[0016] In one embodiment, before the step of sending the experimental instructions to the remote procedure call server through the remote procedure call client, the method further includes:

[0017] The name of the device indicated by the experimental instruction is determined based on the experimental instruction;

[0018] Check if the device name exists in each of the lower-level machine names stored in the preset driver dictionary;

[0019] If the device name exists in each of the lower-level machine names stored in the driver dictionary, then the lower-level machine corresponding to the device name among the multiple lower-level machines will be used as the measurement and control lower-level machine.

[0020] In one embodiment, before the step of detecting whether the device name exists in each of the lower-level machine names stored in the preset driver dictionary, the method further includes:

[0021] Multiple client instances are created, and communication connections are established between the multiple client instances and the server instances of the remote procedure call service of the multiple lower-level machines, wherein the lower-level machines corresponding to the server instances connected to by the multiple client instances are different;

[0022] The client instances obtain the lower-level machine name and driver instance identifier of the lower-level machine they are connected to based on the server instance they are connected to.

[0023] A driver dictionary is constructed using the names of the various lower-level machines as keys and the driver instance identifiers of the various lower-level machines as values.

[0024] Furthermore, to achieve the above objectives, this application also proposes a quantum measurement and control method, which is applied to a lower-level measurement and control machine in a quantum measurement and control system. The lower-level measurement and control machine deploys a remote procedure call (RPC) server. The quantum measurement and control system also includes a higher-level measurement and control machine, which deploys a RPC client. The RPC client and the RPC server establish a communication connection. The quantum measurement and control method includes:

[0025] The remote procedure call server receives experimental instructions sent by the measurement and control host computer through the remote procedure call client, wherein the experimental instructions are generated by the measurement and control host computer based on the experimental parameter information of the quantum experiment to be executed.

[0026] The experimental instructions are sent to the device driver through the remote procedure call server. The device driver performs the experimental operation according to the experimental instructions to obtain the experimental results and returns the experimental results to the remote procedure call server.

[0027] The experimental results are returned to the remote procedure call client through the remote procedure call server. The measurement and control host computer receives the experimental results through the remote procedure call client and reads the experimental data based on the experimental results.

[0028] In one embodiment, before the step of receiving experimental instructions sent by the measurement and control host computer through the remote procedure call client via the remote procedure call server, the method further includes:

[0029] Create a device driver instance and bind the device driver instance to the properties of the remote procedure call server;

[0030] The step of sending the experimental instructions to the device driver via the remote procedure call server includes:

[0031] The remote procedure call server parses the experimental instructions to determine the target driver instance corresponding to the experimental instructions.

[0032] The experimental instructions are sent to the remote procedure call server's attributes through the remote procedure call server, and then sent to the target driver instance through the remote procedure call server's attributes.

[0033] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, this application also proposes a quantum measurement and control system, which includes a measurement and control host computer and a measurement and control slave computer. The measurement and control host computer deploys a remote procedure call client, and the measurement and control slave computer deploys a remote procedure call server. The remote procedure call client and the remote procedure call server establish a communication connection.

[0034] In one embodiment, the measurement and control host computer further includes an interaction unit, an experimental processing unit, and an instruction issuing unit. The experimental processing unit is communicatively connected to the interaction unit and the instruction issuing unit, respectively, and the instruction issuing unit is communicatively connected to the remote procedure call client.

[0035] In one embodiment, the measurement and control lower-level machine includes multiple remote calling units, each of the remote calling units including a remote procedure call server instance and a driver unit with communication connection, and the remote procedure call server instance communicating with the remote procedure call client.

[0036] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, this application also proposes a quantum measurement and control device, the device comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the computer program being configured to implement the steps of the quantum measurement and control method as described above.

[0037] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, this application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the quantum measurement and control method described above.

[0038] In this application, the host computer of the measurement and control system acquires the experimental parameter information of the quantum experiment to be performed, and generates experimental instructions based on the experimental parameter information. The host computer of the measurement and control system sends the experimental instructions to the remote procedure call server through the remote procedure call client. The slave computer of the measurement and control system receives the experimental instructions through the remote procedure call server and sends them to the device driver. The slave computer of the measurement and control system performs the experimental operation according to the experimental instructions through the device driver to obtain the experimental results. The slave computer of the measurement and control system returns the experimental results to the remote procedure call client through the remote procedure call server. The host computer of the measurement and control system sends the experimental instructions to the remote procedure call server through the remote procedure call client to receive the experimental results, and reads the experimental data based on the experimental results.

[0039] In this application, a quantum measurement and control system based on remote procedure call (RPC) is implemented. The driver library is separated from the quantum operating system of the measurement and control host computer, and the dedicated driver of the measurement and control slave computer is deployed in the device slave computer. The driver is packaged into a remote procedure call (RPC) server, and the measurement and control host computer acts as a remote procedure call client. Thus, the measurement and control host computer only needs to connect to the services of each measurement and control slave computer to form a remote driver library. The quantum operating system only retains the general control methods for the driver to realize read and write operations on all devices. This avoids potential software conflicts between the quantum operating system and the measurement and control slave computer, realizes the efficient operation of the quantum measurement and control system, and improves the stability of the quantum measurement and control system. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0042] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the quantum measurement and control method provided in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0043] Figure 2 is a flowchart of the quantum measurement and control method provided in Embodiment 2 of this application;

[0044] Figure 3 is a hardware connection diagram of a quantum measurement and control system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 4 is a driver architecture diagram of a measurement and control host computer provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 5 is a driver architecture diagram of a measurement and control lower-level machine provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the execution flow of the measurement and control host computer provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the execution flow of the measurement and control host computer provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the hardware operating environment involved in the quantum measurement and control method in the embodiments of this application.

[0050] The purpose, features, and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0051] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0052] To better understand the technical solution of this application, a detailed description will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0053] The main solution of this application embodiment is as follows: the measurement and control host computer acquires the experimental parameter information of the quantum experiment to be performed, and generates experimental instructions based on the experimental parameter information. The measurement and control host computer sends the experimental instructions to the remote procedure call server through the remote procedure call client. The measurement and control slave computer receives the experimental instructions through the remote procedure call server and sends them to the device driver. The measurement and control slave computer performs the experimental operation according to the experimental instructions through the device driver to obtain the experimental results. The measurement and control slave computer returns the experimental results to the remote procedure call client through the remote procedure call server. The measurement and control host computer sends the experimental instructions to the remote procedure call server through the remote procedure call client to receive the experimental results, and reads experimental data based on the experimental results.

[0054] A superconducting quantum computer mainly consists of three parts: a cryogenic system, a quantum measurement and control system, and a quantum chip. The quantum measurement and control system plays a crucial role in achieving high-precision measurement and control of qubits, providing essential support for the stable operation of the quantum computer. Currently, the quantum measurement and control system requires a quantum operating system and a series of microwave devices (i.e., the lower-level measurement and control unit). The operating system is deployed in the upper-level measurement and control unit, and the upper-level and lower-level measurement and control units are connected via gigabit network cables and switches. Through the programmable interface provided by the lower-level measurement and control unit, the operating system can control the microwave devices to emit arbitrary waveforms of specified frequencies and lengths, which are then fed into the quantum chip along the radio frequency cables. Because the quantum measurement and control system's waveform manipulation precision is at the nanosecond level, and the manipulation of each bit involves multiple channels of waveform output, an operating system is needed to complete this I / O (input / output) intensive program control. To facilitate rapid quantum manipulation experiments, dedicated drivers are typically developed for similar microwave devices, and all device drivers are integrated into the operating system to form a universal instrument control system.

[0055] Because quantum measurement and control experiments involve frequent data exchange, the quantum operating system employs a coroutine framework to improve execution efficiency. Coroutines allow the operating system to release control while waiting for I / O operations to complete, thereby improving program concurrency and responsiveness. However, different measurement and control slave devices provide different programmable interfaces, which may lead to thread conflicts when coroutines in the quantum operating system and coroutines in the measurement and control slave device interface run simultaneously. Thread conflicts may cause resource contention, deadlock, or other synchronization problems, all of which may affect the stability of the quantum measurement and control system and even cause it to crash.

[0056] Furthermore, since the dedicated drivers developed for each measurement and control lower-level machine are included in the quantum operating system in the form of an instrument driver library, when adding or replacing a measurement and control lower-level machine, it is necessary to update the driver library and even the entire quantum operating system. As the number of measurement and control lower-level machines increases, the amount of driver library code continues to increase, which increases the maintenance and update cost of the driver library, thereby increasing the cost of maintaining and updating the quantum measurement and control system.

[0057] This application provides a solution for a quantum measurement and control system driven by remote procedure calls. The driver library is separated from the quantum operating system of the measurement and control host computer, and dedicated drivers for the measurement and control slave computer are deployed on the device slave computer. The drivers are packaged into a remote procedure call server, and the measurement and control host computer acts as a remote procedure call client. Thus, the measurement and control host computer only needs to connect to the services of each measurement and control slave computer to form a remote driver library. The quantum operating system only retains general control methods for the drivers to achieve read and write operations on all devices, avoiding potential software conflicts between the quantum operating system and the measurement and control slave computer. This achieves efficient operation of the quantum measurement and control system and improves its stability.

[0058] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the driver library is separated from the quantum operating system of the measurement and control host computer, making the operating system in the quantum measurement and control system more lightweight. When adding or adjusting the measurement and control slave computer, it is not necessary to maintain the quantum operating system, which increases the convenience of maintaining and updating the measurement and control slave computer and reduces the cost of maintaining and updating the measurement and control slave computer, thereby realizing the convenience of maintaining the quantum measurement and control system and reducing the cost of maintaining and updating the quantum measurement and control system.

[0059] It should be noted that the execution subject in this embodiment can be a computing service device with data processing, network communication and program running functions, such as a tablet computer, personal computer, mobile phone, etc., or an electronic device (execution subject) that can realize the above functions.

[0060] Based on this, this application provides a quantum measurement and control method. The quantum measurement and control method is applied to the measurement and control host computer in the quantum measurement and control system. The measurement and control host computer deploys a remote procedure call client. The quantum measurement and control system also includes a measurement and control slave computer. The measurement and control slave computer deploys a remote procedure call server. The remote procedure call client and the remote procedure call server establish a communication connection. In this embodiment, referring to Figure 1, Figure 1 is a flowchart of the first embodiment of the quantum measurement and control method of this application.

[0061] In this embodiment, the quantum measurement and control method includes steps S10 to S30:

[0062] Step S10: Obtain experimental parameter information for the quantum experiment to be performed, and generate experimental instructions based on the experimental parameter information.

[0063] It should be noted that a quantum experiment refers to an experiment involving the precise manipulation and measurement of qubits in a quantum computer. Quantum experiments are fundamental to quantum computing and quantum information processing. The purpose of these experiments is to explore the principles of quantum mechanics, verify quantum theory, and develop quantum technologies and applications. For clarity, unexecuted quantum experiments will be referred to as pending quantum experiments. Experimental parameter information includes parameters and parameter values. Parameters include the configuration required for the quantum experiment, which may include experimental conditions and equipment settings. Parameter values ​​are the specific values ​​required for the configuration. Experimental instructions are specific operational instructions formed based on the experimental parameter information, used to guide the lower-level control machine to execute the experiment. These instructions may include the specific steps of the lower-level control machine operation, such as turning on the equipment, setting parameters, initiating measurement, and collecting data.

[0064] The host computer for measurement and control can receive experimental parameter information input by the experimenters through the human-computer interaction interface. The process of the host computer for measurement and control generating experimental instructions based on the experimental parameter information is not limited here. It can be that the host computer for measurement and control collects the parameters required for the experiment through user input or preset programs, and then the host computer for measurement and control generates a series of experimental instructions based on these parameters using built-in algorithms or rules. For details, you can refer to the conventional instruction generation process.

[0065] In one feasible implementation, the process of the measurement and control host computer generating experimental instructions based on experimental parameter information may include steps S101 to S102.

[0066] Step S101: Package the experimental parameter information to generate a configuration dictionary.

[0067] It should be noted that the configuration dictionary is a data structure, usually a collection of key-value pairs, used to store and manage experimental parameter information.

[0068] The host computer collects all experimental parameter information required for the experiment. These parameters define the experimental operating conditions. Each parameter and its corresponding value are added as a key-value pair to the configuration dictionary. The configuration dictionary provides a structured and centralized way to manage and verify experimental parameter information, facilitating its use and adjustment in subsequent steps.

[0069] Step S102: Construct experimental instances based on the configuration dictionary, and generate experimental instructions based on the experimental instances, wherein the experimental instances are used to characterize the experimental configuration of the quantum experiment.

[0070] It should be noted that an experimental instance is an object or data structure created based on a configuration dictionary, representing the configuration and execution plan of the quantum experiment to be performed. Specifically, it may include information such as experimental procedures, equipment configuration, and expected results.

[0071] The host computer reads parameters from the configuration dictionary, constructs experimental instances based on the parameter values, and then converts or generates specific experimental instructions based on the content of the experimental instances, sending the experimental instructions to the slave computer. Understandably, the construction of experimental instances allows experiments to be repeated under the same conditions, improving the reliability of the results. The construction of experimental instances also allows for rapid adjustment and updating of experimental configurations, improving the adaptability and flexibility of the experiments.

[0072] The process by which the measurement and control host computer constructs experimental instances based on the configuration dictionary and generates experimental instructions based on the experimental instances is not limited here; it can refer to the conventional instance generation process and instruction generation process. For example, in one feasible implementation, the process by which the measurement and control host computer constructs experimental instances based on the configuration dictionary and generates experimental instructions based on the experimental instances may include steps S1021 to S1023.

[0073] Step S1021: Parse the configuration dictionary to generate a tuple list and a read instruction, wherein the tuple list includes multiple tuples, and the tuples represent the experimental steps of the quantum experiment to be performed.

[0074] It should be noted that a tuple list is a collection of tuples, each representing a specific operation step. A tuple may contain information such as operation type, target device, and parameters. Operation instructions are used to direct the experimental operations to be performed in the quantum experiment. Read instructions are used to instruct the lower-level control system to return the experimental results after the experiment is completed.

[0075] In this embodiment, the process of parsing the configuration dictionary to generate the tuple list and read instructions is not limited; conventional tuple generation and instruction generation processes can be used. By converting the configuration dictionary into a tuple list and read instructions, the experimental steps of the quantum experiment to be performed are made concrete, facilitating understanding and execution by the lower-level measurement and control machine.

[0076] Step S1022: Store the tuple list as the setting attribute value of a preset base instance, store the read instruction as the read attribute value of the base instance, and use the base instance storing the setting attribute value and the read attribute value as an experimental instance.

[0077] It should be noted that the basic instance refers to the initialized experimental instance. The basic instance provides a structure for storing and processing experimental parameter information, including default settings or reserved space for subsequent filling in of specific experimental parameter information. The basic instance provides a clear template for experimental configuration, simplifying the data processing and instruction generation process in subsequent steps. The preset basic instance can be constructed by the measurement and control host computer or obtained from a previously stored initialization instance; there are no restrictions here.

[0078] Additionally, it should be noted that setting an attribute value refers to setting the value of the attribute, which is the attribute used in the base instance to store operation instructions. Reading an attribute value refers to reading the value of the attribute, which is the attribute used in the base instance to store read instructions.

[0079] The host computer assigns the generated tuple list to the setting attribute of the basic instance and the read command to the read attribute of the basic instance. This ensures that the basic instance contains complete experimental operation steps and data reading requirements. The assigned basic instance is called the experimental instance. By storing the tuple list and read command in the basic instance, the foundation for generating complete experimental commands is laid, ensuring the completeness and accuracy of the experimental commands.

[0080] Step S1023: Construct an operation instruction based on the set attribute value, and construct a read instruction based on the read attribute value, and use the operation instruction and the read instruction as the experimental instruction.

[0081] The host computer traverses the list of tuples in the basic instance, converts each tuple into a specific operation instruction, generates an instruction to read experimental data (i.e., a read instruction) based on the read attribute value of the basic instance, and integrates all operation instructions and read instructions to form a complete experimental instruction.

[0082] In this embodiment, the host computer for measurement and control constructs experimental instances and generates experimental instructions based on these instances. This ensures the accurate generation and transmission of experimental instructions during the quantum measurement and control process, thereby improving the automation level and execution efficiency of the quantum experiment. Simultaneously, the experimental instances enhance the repeatability and reliability of the experiment, reduce the possibility of human error, and ensure the consistency and accuracy of the quantum experiment setup.

[0083] Step S20: The experimental instruction is sent to the remote procedure call server through the remote procedure call client. The measurement and control lower-level machine receives the experimental instruction through the remote procedure call server and sends it to the device driver. The device driver performs the experimental operation according to the experimental instruction to obtain the experimental result, and returns the experimental result to the remote procedure call client through the remote procedure call server.

[0084] It should be noted that the quantum measurement and control system includes a host computer and a slave computer. The host computer is responsible for handling complex tasks such as experimental design, data analysis, and system management. A remote procedure call (RPC) client is deployed within the host computer, responsible for initiating remote procedure calls. The slave computer is the computer or device connected to the actual quantum device in the quantum measurement and control system. It is responsible for receiving and executing instructions from the host computer. The slave computer deploys a RPC server and a device driver. The RPC server receives remote procedure call requests from the host computer and sends the requests to the device driver to execute the quantum experiment. The device driver is the software that directly interacts with the quantum device hardware and is responsible for performing specific hardware operations.

[0085] In this embodiment, the host computer sends the experimental instructions to the remote procedure call server of the slave computer through the remote procedure call client. The remote procedure call server of the slave computer receives the instructions and forwards them to the corresponding device driver. The device driver executes the quantum experiment to be executed according to the instructions and collects the experimental results. The experimental results are the measurement data or observation results obtained after the quantum experiment to be executed is completed.

[0086] Understandably, through the collaboration of remote procedure call (RPC) clients and servers, the driver library can be separated from the quantum operating system of the measurement and control host computer. The dedicated drivers of the measurement and control slave computer can be deployed in the device slave computer, and the drivers can be packaged into a RPC server. The measurement and control host computer can act as a RPC client. Thus, the measurement and control host computer only needs to connect to the services of each measurement and control slave computer to form a remote driver library. The quantum operating system only retains the general control methods for the drivers to realize read and write operations on all devices. This avoids potential software conflicts between the quantum operating system and the measurement and control slave computer, realizes the efficient operation of the quantum measurement and control system, and improves the stability of the quantum measurement and control system.

[0087] Step S30: The experimental instructions are sent to the remote procedure call server through the remote procedure call client to receive the experimental results, and the experimental data is read based on the experimental results.

[0088] It should be noted that the experimental data is the experimental data of the quantum experiment to be performed extracted from the experimental results. The experimental data can be the final data of the quantum experiment to be performed or the process data during the quantum experiment to be performed, and there are no restrictions here.

[0089] After the device driver of the lower-level measurement and control system completes the experiment and obtains the results, it sends these results back to the remote procedure call (RPC) server. The RPC server then sends the experimental results back to the RPC client of the upper-level measurement and control system via a RPC connection. The RPC client of the upper-level measurement and control system receives the experimental results, and the upper-level system reads the experimental data based on the results to process and analyze the quantum experiment.

[0090] In this embodiment, the quantum measurement and control system driven by remote procedure calls (RPC) separates the driver library from the quantum operating system of the measurement and control host computer. The dedicated drivers of the measurement and control slave computer are deployed in the slave computer of the device. The drivers are packaged into a remote procedure call server, and the measurement and control host computer acts as a remote procedure call client. Thus, the measurement and control host computer only needs to connect to the services of each measurement and control slave computer to form a remote driver library. The quantum operating system only retains the general control methods for the drivers to realize read and write operations on all devices. This avoids potential software conflicts between the quantum operating system and the measurement and control slave computer, realizes the efficient operation of the quantum measurement and control system, and improves the stability of the quantum measurement and control system.

[0091] Furthermore, by separating the driver library from the quantum operating system of the measurement and control host computer, the operating system in the quantum measurement and control system becomes more lightweight. When adding or adjusting the measurement and control slave computer, there is no need to maintain the quantum operating system, which increases the convenience of maintaining and updating the measurement and control slave computer and reduces the cost of maintaining and updating it. This, in turn, makes the maintenance of the quantum measurement and control system more convenient and reduces the cost of maintaining and updating it.

[0092] Based on the first embodiment of this application, in the second embodiment of this application, the content that is the same as or similar to that in the first embodiment can be referred to the above description, and will not be repeated hereafter. Based on this, before step S20: sending the experimental instructions to the remote procedure call server through the remote procedure call client, the quantum measurement and control method further includes steps S01 to S03:

[0093] Step S01: Determine the name of the device indicated by the experimental instruction based on the experimental instruction.

[0094] In practical applications, any one of the multiple client instances may be connected to one of the multiple lower-level machines, while any one of the multiple client instances may not be connected to any of the multiple lower-level machines. To ensure that experimental commands can be correctly sent to the corresponding measurement and control lower-level machine for execution, in this embodiment, the measurement and control upper-level machine performs device connection detection based on the driver dictionary before issuing commands.

[0095] The host computer analyzes the experimental instructions, extracts information about the target equipment, and determines the name of the specific equipment that needs to be controlled.

[0096] Step S02: Check if the device name exists in the preset driver dictionary storage of each lower-level machine name.

[0097] The monitoring and control host computer accesses the preset driver dictionary and checks if it contains the device name. If the device name exists in the dictionary, it continues with subsequent steps; otherwise, it needs to remind the user that the device name is incorrect or perform other error handling. It should be noted that the preset driver dictionary can be built by the monitoring and control host computer or obtained from a stored driver dictionary; there is no restriction here.

[0098] Understandably, verifying whether the device indicated by the experimental command is connected and ready to receive commands can enhance the robustness and reliability of the system.

[0099] Step S03: If the device name exists in each of the lower-level machine names stored in the driver dictionary, then the lower-level machine corresponding to the device name among the multiple lower-level machines is used as the measurement and control lower-level machine.

[0100] If a device name exists in the driver dictionary, it means that the lower-level machine corresponding to the device name has established a remote procedure call connection with the measurement and control upper-level machine, and the lower-level machine corresponding to the device name is configured as the target receiver of the experimental instructions, that is, the measurement and control lower-level machine.

[0101] Understandably, in one feasible implementation, the host computer parses the configuration dictionary to generate a tuple list and a read instruction. It stores the tuple list as the setting attribute value of the basic instance and the read instruction as the read attribute value of the basic instance to obtain an experimental instance. It generates operation instructions based on the tuples in the setting attribute value and a read instruction based on the read attribute value. The operation instructions and the read instructions are used as the experimental instructions. That is, each tuple corresponds to one experimental instruction, and the lower-level machines indicated by the experimental instructions corresponding to each tuple may be the same or different. In this embodiment, to ensure that experimental commands can be correctly sent to the corresponding measurement and control lower-level machine for execution, before issuing the experimental command, it can be checked whether the device name indicated by the experimental command is the same as the historical name indicated by the historical command. Here, the historical command refers to the experimental command that has been sent to the lower-level machine, and the historical name is the device name indicated by the historical command. If the device name is the same as the historical name, then the lower-level machine corresponding to the historical name among the multiple lower-level machines is selected as the measurement and control lower-level machine. If the device name is different from the historical name, then the step of checking whether the device name exists in the lower-level machine names stored in the driver dictionary is executed. If the device name exists in the lower-level machine names stored in the driver dictionary, then the lower-level machine corresponding to the device name among the multiple lower-level machines is selected as the measurement and control lower-level machine.

[0102] It is understood that this embodiment can ensure that experimental instructions can be correctly identified, verified and sent to the measurement and control lower-level machine, thereby improving the accuracy of experimental execution and the stability of the system, and reducing potential risks caused by equipment errors or instruction errors.

[0103] In one feasible implementation, before step S02: detecting whether the device name exists in each lower-level machine name stored in the preset driver dictionary, steps S04 to S06 are further included:

[0104] Step S04: Create multiple client instances and establish communication connections between the multiple client instances and the server instances of the remote procedure call service of the multiple lower-level machines, wherein the lower-level machines corresponding to the server instances connected to by the multiple client instances are different.

[0105] It should be noted that a client instance refers to an independent running instance of a remote procedure call client created for each slave device on the measurement and control host computer.

[0106] In this embodiment, the quantum measurement and control system includes multiple lower-level machines for executing and driving the quantum experiment to be performed. These are referred to as multiple lower-level machines for distinction. The measurement and control upper-level machine creates multiple independent client instances. Each client instance is used to connect to a remote procedure call server in a lower-level machine. After the connection is established, the client instance communicates with the server instance in the connected measurement and control lower-level machine.

[0107] Understandably, in practical applications, any one of the multiple client instances may be connected to the server instance of one of the multiple lower-level machines, while any one of the multiple client instances may not be connected to the server instance of one of the multiple lower-level machines.

[0108] In this embodiment, the host computer for measurement and control can call multiple slave computers in parallel by creating an independent client instance for each slave computer, thereby improving the scalability and communication efficiency of the quantum measurement and control system.

[0109] Step S05: The multiple client instances obtain the lower-level machine name and driver instance identifier of their respective connected lower-level machines based on the server instance they are connected to.

[0110] It should be noted that the lower-level machine name is a name or ID (Identity Document) used to uniquely identify each lower-level machine. The driver instance identifier is an identifier used to uniquely identify the device driver instance on a specific lower-level machine. The device driver instance refers to a specific running instance of the device driver, associated with the quantum device, and responsible for controlling the quantum device and exchanging data with the measurement and control lower-level machine. The measurement and control lower-level machine creates the device driver instance and binds the device driver instance to the attributes of the remote procedure call server.

[0111] Each client instance requests the lower-level machine name and driver instance identifier through an established remote procedure call connection. The server in the lower-level measurement and control machine responds to the request, providing the lower-level machine name and driver instance identifier. The client instance in the upper-level measurement and control machine receives and stores this information for later use.

[0112] By obtaining the lower-level machine name and driver instance identifier, the upper-level machine can accurately identify and manage each lower-level machine, providing the necessary information for subsequent command issuance and result collection.

[0113] Step S06: Construct a driver dictionary using the names of the lower-level machines as keys and the driver instance identifiers of the lower-level machines as values.

[0114] It should be noted that the driver dictionary is a data structure used to map the lower-level machine name to the corresponding driver instance identifier, so that the upper-level measurement and control computer can quickly find and reference the driver instance.

[0115] The host computer uses the slave device name obtained from the client instance as the key and the driver instance identifier as the value to construct a driver dictionary. This driver dictionary allows the host computer to quickly access the corresponding driver instance identifier by slave device name. Understandably, the driver dictionary can be stored in memory or in a database for use by other parts of the system.

[0116] In this embodiment, a driver dictionary is constructed to provide an efficient lookup mechanism, enabling the host computer to quickly locate the driver instance of a specific slave computer, simplifying the remote procedure call process and improving the system's response speed and operational flexibility.

[0117] Based on the first and / or second embodiments of this application, in the third embodiment of this application, the content that is the same as or similar to the first and / or second embodiments described above can be referred to the above description and will not be repeated hereafter. On this basis, the quantum measurement and control method is applied to the lower-level measurement and control machine in the quantum measurement and control system. A remote procedure call (RPC) server is deployed in the lower-level measurement and control machine. The quantum measurement and control system also includes a higher-level measurement and control machine, in which a RPC client is deployed. The RPC client and the RPC server establish a communication connection. Referring to Figure 2, the quantum measurement and control method includes steps A10 to A30:

[0118] Step A10: The host computer receives the experimental instructions sent by the measurement and control computer through the remote procedure call client via the remote procedure call server. The experimental instructions are generated by the host computer based on the experimental parameter information of the quantum experiment to be performed.

[0119] The host computer generates experimental instructions based on the experimental parameters of the quantum experiment to be performed, and sends these instructions to the remote procedure call (RPC) server on the slave computer via a RPC client. The slave computer receives the experimental instructions through the RPC server.

[0120] Step A20: The experimental instructions are sent to the device driver through the remote procedure call server. The device driver performs the experimental operation according to the experimental instructions to obtain the experimental results and returns the experimental results to the remote procedure call server.

[0121] The lower-level control and measurement system forwards the received experimental instructions to the corresponding device driver through the remote procedure call server. The device driver parses the experimental instructions and executes the operation of the quantum experiment to be performed according to the instructions, such as manipulating qubits. The device driver collects the results of the experimental operation and returns them to the remote procedure call server.

[0122] Step A30: The experimental results are returned to the remote procedure call client through the remote procedure call server. The measurement and control host computer receives the experimental results through the remote procedure call client and reads the experimental data based on the experimental results.

[0123] The lower-level measurement and control computer returns the experimental results to the remote procedure call client through the remote procedure call server. The upper-level measurement and control computer receives the experimental results through the remote procedure call client and reads the experimental data based on the experimental results.

[0124] In this embodiment, the quantum measurement and control system driven by remote procedure calls (RPC) separates the driver library from the quantum operating system of the measurement and control host computer. The dedicated drivers of the measurement and control slave computer are deployed in the slave computer of the device. The drivers are packaged into a remote procedure call server, and the measurement and control host computer acts as a remote procedure call client. Thus, the measurement and control host computer only needs to connect to the services of each measurement and control slave computer to form a remote driver library. The quantum operating system only retains the general control methods for the drivers to realize read and write operations on all devices. This avoids potential software conflicts between the quantum operating system and the measurement and control slave computer, realizes the efficient operation of the quantum measurement and control system, and improves the stability of the quantum measurement and control system.

[0125] Furthermore, this embodiment separates the driver library from the quantum operating system of the measurement and control host computer, making the operating system in the quantum measurement and control system more lightweight. When adding or adjusting the measurement and control slave computer, there is no need to maintain the quantum operating system, which increases the convenience of maintaining and updating the measurement and control slave computer and reduces the cost of maintaining and updating the measurement and control slave computer, thereby realizing the convenience of maintaining the quantum measurement and control system and reducing the cost of maintaining and updating the quantum measurement and control system.

[0126] In one feasible implementation, before step A10: receiving experimental instructions sent by the measurement and control host computer through the remote procedure call client via the remote procedure call server, the method further includes step A01:

[0127] Step A01: Create a device driver instance and bind the device driver instance to the attributes of the remote procedure call server.

[0128] It should be noted that a device driver instance refers to a specific running instance of a device driver, associated with the quantum device, and responsible for controlling the quantum device and exchanging data with the measurement and control lower-level machine.

[0129] In this embodiment, a device driver instance is initialized and created on the lower-level control and measurement machine. The newly created device driver instance is then bound to the attributes of the remote procedure call (RPC) server, making it part of the server and accessible via RPC. Creating device driver instances ensures that each quantum device has a corresponding driver instance available for use by the RPC server, improving the system's flexibility and scalability.

[0130] In this embodiment, step A10: sending the experimental instructions to the device driver through the remote procedure call server includes steps A101 to A102.

[0131] Step A101: The remote procedure call server parses the experimental instruction to determine the target driver instance corresponding to the experimental instruction.

[0132] The remote procedure call server of the measurement and control lower-level computer receives the experimental instructions from the upper-level computer. The server parses the experimental instructions and identifies the target device information and the operation to be performed contained in the instructions.

[0133] Step A102: The experimental instruction is sent to the remote procedure call server's attributes through the remote procedure call server, and the experimental instruction is sent to the target driver instance through the remote procedure call server's attributes.

[0134] The remote procedure call server of the measurement and control lower-level machine sends the experimental instructions to the correct device driver instance bound to the server attribute based on the parsing result. The device driver instance receives and executes the experimental instructions, and controls the quantum device to perform the corresponding operations.

[0135] In this embodiment, precise instruction parsing and distribution ensure that the quantum device operates according to the predetermined experimental parameters. In addition, the communication mechanism between the remote procedure call server and the client ensures the efficiency and real-time nature of instruction transmission, enabling the quantum measurement and control system to achieve precise control and measurement of quantum states, thus ensuring the precise execution and efficient management of quantum experiments.

[0136] This application also provides a quantum measurement and control system. The quantum measurement and control equipment includes a measurement and control host computer and a measurement and control slave computer. The measurement and control host computer deploys a remote procedure call client, and the measurement and control slave computer deploys a remote procedure call server. The remote procedure call client and the remote procedure call server establish a communication connection.

[0137] The monitoring and control host computer, network switch, and various monitoring and control slave computers are connected via network cables. The host computer deploys a quantum operating system and a remote procedure call (RPC) client, while the slave computers deploy device drivers and RPC servers. All programs within the quantum monitoring and control system are implemented using Python. The network connection between the host computer and the slave computers is established through the RPC client and server. The dedicated driver contains interface functions for reading and writing to the device. The RPC server packages the dedicated driver and exposes it to the client. The operating system can then call these interface functions through the RPC client, thereby enabling the host computer to drive the slave computers and forming a closed loop in the quantum monitoring and control system. It should be noted that the quantum monitoring and control system can contain multiple slave computers; therefore, the device drivers deployed within the slave computers need to be developed as general-purpose drivers to facilitate convenient operation by the operating system.

[0138] The host computer for measurement and control can connect to multiple slave computers for measurement and control via a network switch. The functions of each slave computer can be the same or different, and there is no limitation here. In one feasible embodiment, please refer to Figure 3. Figure 3 provides a hardware connection diagram of a quantum measurement and control system. Specifically, in this embodiment, the quantum measurement and control system includes a host computer for measurement and control and multiple slave computers for measurement and control. The host computer for measurement and control is connected to each slave computer for measurement and control via a network switch (layer). Specifically, Figure 3 shows three slave computers for measurement and control.

[0139] In one feasible implementation, the measurement and control host computer further includes an interaction unit, an experimental processing unit, and an instruction issuing unit. The experimental processing unit is communicatively connected to the interaction unit and the instruction issuing unit, respectively, and the instruction issuing unit is communicatively connected to the remote procedure call client.

[0140] The measurement and control host computer includes an interaction unit, an experimental processing unit, a command issuing unit, and a remote procedure call (RPC) client. The interaction unit is used for interaction with experimental personnel. This can be achieved either through Jupyter Notebook (an open-source application that allows users to create and share documents containing real-time code, equations, visualizations, and explanatory text) or via the web (World Wide Web). The system utilizes platforms such as Web (World Wide Web) terminals and clients. Its function is to package experimental categories and parameter information into a configuration file and pass it to the experimental processing unit for subsequent processing, as well as to present the experimental results returned by the processing unit to the experimenters. The experimental processing unit is the central brain of the measurement and control system. Its function is to construct the experimental write and read processes according to the configuration file, execute the experimental process, map experimental parameter information to measurement and control lower-level machine attributes, pass the required instructions to the instruction issuing unit, receive the read experimental data results, and send them back to the interaction unit for visualization processing. The instruction issuing unit processes the instruction set from the experimental processing unit in batches, calls the driver's write and read interface functions through the remote procedure call client, writes the instructions as parameters into the interface functions, and calls them to complete the driving of the measurement and control lower-level machine. The remote procedure call client acts as a communication medium between the measurement and control upper-level machine and the measurement and control lower-level machine, playing a message passing role. In addition, the upper-level machine's remote procedure call client can instantiate multiple RPC clients and establish one-to-one connections with multiple measurement and control lower-level machines, generating an instrument pool, which facilitates the operating system to control different devices.

[0141] In specific implementations, the architecture of the interaction unit, experimental processing unit, command issuing unit, and remote procedure call (RPC) client in the measurement and control host computer can take many forms, and can be set according to actual conditions without limitation. For example, in one feasible implementation, the measurement and control host computer can directly integrate all core components, including the interaction unit, experimental processing unit, command issuing unit, and remote procedure call client; in another feasible implementation, please refer to the driver architecture diagram of the measurement and control host computer shown in Figure 4. The measurement and control host computer includes two components: a quantum operating system and a remote procedure call client (i.e., the RPC Client shown in Figure 4). The quantum operating system includes the interaction unit, experimental processing unit, and command issuing unit.

[0142] In one feasible implementation, the measurement and control lower-level machine includes multiple remote calling units, each of the remote calling units including a remote procedure call server instance and a driver unit with communication connection, and the remote procedure call server instance communicating with the remote procedure call client.

[0143] Please refer to the driver architecture diagram of the measurement and control lower-level machine shown in Figure 5. The measurement and control lower-level machine proposed in this embodiment includes multiple remote call units. Each remote call unit includes a driver unit and a remote procedure call server (i.e., the RPC Server shown in Figure 5). The driver unit uses the Python interface provided by the measurement and control lower-level machine to develop a dedicated driver class Device (a custom class name, which can be a general device class in this embodiment) that inherits from the general driver class GeneralDevice (a custom class name, which can be a general device class in this embodiment). The Python interface is classified according to read and write operations and rewritten as member functions of the Device class. Its function is to control the measurement and control lower-level machine. The remote procedure call server instantiates the Device class as an RPC service. Its function is to provide the member functions of the Device class to the measurement and control upper-level machine, which also plays a role in message passing.

[0144] For example, to help understand the implementation flow of the quantum measurement and control method obtained by combining this embodiment with the above embodiment one, please refer to Figure 6. The execution flow of the measurement and control host computer in the quantum measurement and control system proposed in this embodiment can be as follows: First, before the experiment starts, the device needs to be connected. RPC connections are established one by one according to the IP address and the measurement and control slave computer, generating a device_pool dictionary (i.e., a driver dictionary). This dictionary uses the device name and the device driver instance as key-value pairs. The device name is obtained through the model attribute of the driver instance and has been uniformly named during development (i.e., multiple client instances are created, and communication connections are established between the multiple client instances and the server instances of the remote procedure call server of the multiple slave computers. The slave computers corresponding to the server instances connected to by the multiple client instances are different. The slave computer names and driver instance identifiers of the slave computers connected to by the multiple client instances are obtained based on the server instances they are connected to. The driver dictionary is constructed using the slave computer names of the multiple slave computers as keys and the driver instance identifiers of the multiple slave computers as values). The experimenter edits the relevant experimental parameters through the front-end interactive unit (i.e., The process involves obtaining experimental parameter information for the quantum experiment to be performed. After running the experiment, the interaction unit packages the parameters into a configuration dictionary named exp_setting (i.e., experimental parameter information). This dictionary contains information such as the list of devices to be controlled, the list of channels for the required devices, and the list of parameters to be set for each channel. This dictionary is then passed to the experiment processing unit for parsing. The experiment processing unit constructs an experiment instance based on the configuration file. It reorganizes all the parameters to be set into a list of tuples ("device", "channel number", "attribute", "value") as the setList attribute value (i.e., setting attribute value) of the experiment instance, and uses the read command as the getRes attribute value (i.e., reading attribute value). The unit then sequentially passes setList and getRes to the command issuing unit (i.e., parses the configuration dictionary to generate the tuple list and read command; stores the tuple list as the setting attribute value of a preset base instance, stores the read command as the read attribute value of the base instance, and uses the base instance storing the setting attribute value and the read attribute value as the experiment instance) through the member function run (a member function name used to indicate that an object starts executing its main function or task).Based on the set attribute values, an operation instruction is constructed, and based on the read attribute values, a read instruction is constructed. The operation instruction and the read instruction are used as the experimental instruction. It should be noted that since the measurement and control of the quantum experiment consists of several write operations and one read operation, large-scale write and read operations require asynchronous programming. This embodiment uses Python's built-in asynchronous programming library asyncio (Python's asynchronous I / O library for writing single-threaded concurrent code), and implements asynchronous I / O operations through the async / await (Python keywords for defining and calling asynchronous functions) syntax. The instruction issuing unit executes the contents of setList one by one. Specifically, for each tuple in setList, it first checks whether the "device" exists in the key of device_pool. If it does not exist, it means that the connected measurement and control lower-level machine does not have the device to be controlled by the current instruction, and the experiment needs to proceed. To abort and throw an exception for an unknown device, if it exists, retrieve the value corresponding to the key, which is the driver instance of the device to be controlled, and call the driver's set function with the tuple "channel number," "attribute," and "value" as parameters. This enables the issuance of commands to the measurement and control lower-level machine (i.e., determining the device name indicated by the experimental command based on the experimental command; checking whether the device name exists in the various lower-level machine names stored in the preset driver dictionary; if the device name exists in the various lower-level machine names stored in the driver dictionary, then the lower-level machine corresponding to the device name among the multiple lower-level machines is selected as the measurement and control lower-level machine). Once all commands to be executed in setList have been issued, the getRes read command can be issued. The execution logic is the same as setList, except that after execution, there will be a return value read by the measurement and control lower-level machine. This return value is passed up to the experimental processing unit, which will preprocess the data and then hand it over to the interaction unit for visualization.

[0145] Referring to Figure 7, the execution flow of the lower-level quantum measurement and control system proposed in this embodiment can be as follows: When the RPC service is started, the driver instance of the lower-level measurement and control system will be bound to the module attribute of the RPC server (that is, creating a device driver instance and binding the device driver instance to the attribute of the remote procedure call server). The instructions received by the RPC will be passed to the device-specific driver through this attribute, thereby realizing the remote procedure call of the lower-level measurement and control system driver (that is, the remote procedure call server parses the experimental instructions to determine the target driver instance corresponding to the experimental instructions; the remote procedure call server sends the experimental instructions to the attribute of the remote procedure call server, and sends the experimental instructions to the target driver instance through the attribute of the remote procedure call server). After a successful connection is established, the RPC server will listen to the message queue to wait for the member function to be called, and check whether the interface call is normal. If it is normal, it will continue to listen to the message queue to wait for the member function to be called. If it is abnormal, the experiment will be stopped and a driver exception will be thrown. It should be noted that, in order to achieve a unified driver control method for different types and brands of measurement and control lower-level devices, the driver program deployed in the measurement and control lower-level devices consists of a two-layer structure: the GeneralDevice class and the Device class. The GeneralDevice class, as a general instrument driver, provides four member functions for initialization, connection, writing, and reading based on the operation of the measurement and control instrument. The Device class, which inherits from GeneralDevice, is a driver developed for each measurement and control lower-level device. Its member functions override the functions in the parent class to implement unique control methods for some attributes of the measurement and control lower-level device.

[0146] It should be noted that the above examples are only for understanding this application and do not constitute a limitation on the quantum measurement and control method of this application. Any simple transformations based on this technical concept are all within the protection scope of this application.

[0147] This application provides a quantum measurement and control device, which includes: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to execute the quantum measurement and control method in the above embodiment 1.

[0148] Referring to Figure 8 below, a schematic diagram of a quantum measurement and control device suitable for implementing embodiments of this application is shown. The quantum measurement and control device in the embodiments of this application may include, but is not limited to, mobile terminals such as mobile phones, laptops, digital broadcast receivers, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), PADs (Portable Application Description), PMPs (Portable Media Players), in-vehicle terminals (e.g., in-vehicle navigation terminals), and fixed terminals such as digital TVs and desktop computers. The quantum measurement and control device shown in Figure 8 is merely an example and should not impose any limitations on the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of this application.

[0149] As shown in Figure 8, the quantum measurement and control device may include a processing unit 1001 (e.g., a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, etc.), which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 1002 or a program loaded from a storage device 1003 into a random access memory (RAM) 1004. The RAM 1004 also stores various programs and data required for the operation of the quantum measurement and control device. The processing unit 1001, ROM 1002, and RAM 1004 are interconnected via a bus 1005. An input / output (I / O) interface 1006 is also connected to the bus. Typically, the following systems can be connected to the I / O interface 1006: input devices 1007 including, for example, touchscreens, touchpads, keyboards, mice, image sensors, microphones, accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.; output devices 1008 including, for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), speakers, vibrators, etc.; storage devices 1003 including, for example, magnetic tapes, hard disks, etc.; and communication devices 1009. Communication device 1009 allows the quantum measurement and control equipment to communicate wirelessly or wiredly with other devices to exchange data. Although the figure shows quantum measurement and control equipment with various systems, it should be understood that implementation or possession of all the systems shown is not required. More or fewer systems may be implemented alternatively.

[0150] Specifically, according to the embodiments disclosed in this application, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments disclosed in this application include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via a communication device, or installed from storage device 1003, or installed from ROM 1002. When the computer program is executed by processing device 1001, it performs the functions defined in the methods of the embodiments disclosed in this application.

[0151] The quantum measurement and control device provided in this application, employing the quantum measurement and control method in the above embodiments, can solve the technical problem of the stability of the quantum measurement and control system being affected. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the quantum measurement and control device provided in this application are the same as those of the quantum measurement and control method provided in the above embodiments, and other technical features in this quantum measurement and control device are the same as those disclosed in the method of the previous embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0152] It should be understood that the various parts disclosed in this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the description of the above embodiments, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0153] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0154] This application provides a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions (i.e., a computer program) stored thereon, the computer-readable program instructions being used to execute the quantum measurement and control method in the above embodiments.

[0155] The computer-readable storage medium provided in this application may be, for example, a USB flash drive, but is not limited to, electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems or devices, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: electrical connections having one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. In this embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system or device. The program code contained on the computer-readable storage medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to: wires, optical cables, RF (Radio Frequency), etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0156] The aforementioned computer-readable storage medium may be included in the quantum measurement and control device; or it may exist independently and not be assembled into the quantum measurement and control device.

[0157] The aforementioned computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs, which, when executed by the quantum measurement and control device, enable the quantum measurement and control device to implement the quantum measurement and control method in the above embodiments.

[0158] Computer program code for performing the operations of this application can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, Smalltalk, and C++, and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving remote computers, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN)—or can be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0159] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of this application. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0160] The modules described in the embodiments of this application can be implemented in software or hardware. The names of the modules do not necessarily limit the functionality of the unit itself.

[0161] The readable storage medium provided in this application is a computer-readable storage medium that stores computer-readable program instructions (i.e., a computer program) for executing the above-described quantum measurement and control method, thereby solving the technical problem of the stability of the quantum measurement and control system being affected. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the computer-readable storage medium provided in this application are the same as the beneficial effects of the quantum measurement and control method provided in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0162] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the quantum measurement and control method described above.

[0163] The computer program product provided in this application can solve the technical problem of the stability of quantum measurement and control systems being affected. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the computer program product provided in this application are the same as the beneficial effects of the quantum measurement and control method provided in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0164] The above description is only a part of the embodiments of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. All equivalent structural transformations made under the technical concept of this application and using the contents of the specification and drawings of this application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included in the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A quantum measurement and control method, characterized in that, The quantum measurement and control method is applied to the measurement and control host computer in the quantum measurement and control system. The host computer deploys a remote procedure call (RPC) client. The quantum measurement and control system also includes a measurement and control slave computer, which deploys a RPC server. The RPC client and the RPC server establish a communication connection. The quantum measurement and control method includes: Obtain experimental parameter information for the quantum experiment to be performed, and generate experimental instructions based on the experimental parameter information; The experimental instructions are sent from the remote procedure call client to the remote procedure call server. The measurement and control lower-level machine receives the experimental instructions through the remote procedure call server and sends them to the device driver. The device driver performs the experimental operation according to the experimental instructions to obtain the experimental results, and returns the experimental results to the remote procedure call client through the remote procedure call server. The experimental instructions are sent from the remote procedure call client to the remote procedure call server to receive the experimental results, and the experimental data is read based on the experimental results.

2. The quantum measurement and control method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of generating experimental instructions based on the experimental parameter information includes: A configuration dictionary is generated based on the experimental parameter information, wherein the configuration dictionary is used to store the experimental parameter information; Experimental instances are constructed based on the configuration dictionary, and experimental instructions are generated based on the experimental instances, wherein the experimental instances are used to characterize the experimental configuration of the quantum experiment to be executed.

3. The quantum measurement and control method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The steps of constructing experimental instances based on the configuration dictionary and generating experimental instructions based on the experimental instances include: The configuration dictionary is parsed to generate a list of tuples and a read instruction, wherein the list of tuples includes multiple tuples, and the tuples represent the experimental steps of the quantum experiment to be performed; The list of tuples is stored as the setting attribute value of a preset base instance, the read instruction is stored as the read attribute value of the base instance, and the base instance storing the setting attribute value and the read attribute value is used as an experimental instance. An operation instruction is constructed based on the set attribute value, and a read instruction is constructed based on the read attribute value. The operation instruction and the read instruction are used as the experimental instruction.

4. The quantum measurement and control method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Before the step of sending the experimental instructions to the remote procedure call server through the remote procedure call client, the method further includes: The name of the device indicated by the experimental instruction is determined based on the experimental instruction; Check if the device name exists in each of the lower-level machine names stored in the preset driver dictionary; If the device name exists in each of the lower-level machine names stored in the driver dictionary, then the lower-level machine corresponding to the device name among the multiple lower-level machines will be used as the measurement and control lower-level machine.

5. The quantum measurement and control method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Before the step of detecting whether the device name exists in each lower-level machine name stored in the preset driver dictionary, the method further includes: Multiple client instances are created, and communication connections are established between the multiple client instances and the server instances of the remote procedure call service of the multiple lower-level machines, wherein the lower-level machines corresponding to the server instances connected to by the multiple client instances are different; The client instances obtain the lower-level machine name and driver instance identifier of the lower-level machine they are connected to based on the server instance they are connected to. A driver dictionary is constructed using the names of the various lower-level machines as keys and the driver instance identifiers of the various lower-level machines as values.

6. A quantum measurement and control method, characterized in that, The quantum measurement and control method is applied to the lower-level measurement and control machine in the quantum measurement and control system. A remote procedure call (RPC) server is deployed in the lower-level measurement and control machine. The quantum measurement and control system also includes a higher-level measurement and control machine, which deploys a RPC client. The RPC client and the RPC server establish a communication connection. The quantum measurement and control method includes: The remote procedure call server receives experimental instructions sent by the measurement and control host computer through the remote procedure call client, wherein the experimental instructions are generated by the measurement and control host computer based on the experimental parameter information of the quantum experiment to be executed. The experimental instructions are sent to the device driver through the remote procedure call server. The device driver performs the experimental operation according to the experimental instructions to obtain the experimental results and returns the experimental results to the remote procedure call server. The experimental results are returned to the remote procedure call client through the remote procedure call server. The measurement and control host computer receives the experimental results through the remote procedure call client and reads the experimental data based on the experimental results.

7. The quantum measurement and control method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Before the step of receiving experimental instructions sent by the measurement and control host computer through the remote procedure call client via the remote procedure call server, the method further includes: Create a device driver instance and bind the device driver instance to the properties of the remote procedure call server; The step of sending the experimental instructions to the device driver via the remote procedure call server includes: The remote procedure call server parses the experimental instructions to determine the target driver instance corresponding to the experimental instructions. The experimental instructions are sent to the remote procedure call server's attributes through the remote procedure call server, and then sent to the target driver instance through the remote procedure call server's attributes.

8. A quantum measurement and control system, characterized in that, The quantum measurement and control system includes a measurement and control host computer and a measurement and control slave computer. The measurement and control host computer deploys a remote procedure call client, and the measurement and control slave computer deploys a remote procedure call server. The remote procedure call client and the remote procedure call server establish a communication connection.

9. The quantum measurement and control system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The measurement and control host computer also includes an interaction unit, an experimental processing unit, and an instruction issuing unit. The experimental processing unit is communicatively connected to the interaction unit and the instruction issuing unit, respectively, and the instruction issuing unit is communicatively connected to the remote procedure call client.

10. The quantum measurement and control system as described in any one of claims 8 to 9, characterized in that, The measurement and control lower-level machine includes multiple remote calling units, each of which includes a remote procedure call server instance and a driver unit with communication connection. The remote procedure call server instance communicates with the remote procedure call client.

11. A quantum measurement and control device, characterized in that, The device includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the computer program being configured to implement the steps of the quantum measurement and control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

12. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the quantum measurement and control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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