Photovoltaic tile and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, and in particular to a photovoltaic tile and a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic tile comprises a laminated assembly and a second back plate, wherein the laminated assembly comprises a front plate, a solar cell, and a first back plate, and the solar cell is located between the front plate and the first back plate; and the second back plate is a metal plate, the second back plate is located on the side of the first back plate that is away from the solar cell, and the second back plate and the laminated assembly are connected in an adhesively bonded or laminated manner. The photovoltaic tile in the embodiment of the present application is adhesively bonded or secondarily laminated to the second back plate by means of the laminated assembly, such that the second back plate made of metal is not prone to thermal deformation, thereby resolving the problem of the warping of a surface of the photovoltaic tile.

Description

Photovoltaic tiles and photovoltaic modules

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202422782649.5, filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on November 13, 2024, entitled "Photovoltaic Tile and Photovoltaic Module", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and more specifically, to a photovoltaic tile and a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0003] Photovoltaic tiles are devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy. The solar cells in a photovoltaic tile absorb light and convert light energy into electrical energy. To protect the solar cells, plastic sheets and encapsulating films are usually placed on the front and back sides of the cells, and a metal backplate is installed to improve structural strength. Photovoltaic tiles are usually installed outdoors in open-air environments, and are susceptible to thermal deformation due to factors such as climate and sunlight. However, the significant difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the metal backplate and the plastic sheet can easily lead to warping and deformation.

[0004] Application content

[0005] This application provides a photovoltaic tile and a photovoltaic module.

[0006] The photovoltaic tile of this application includes a laminated assembly and a second backsheet. The laminated assembly includes a front panel, solar cells, and a first backsheet. The solar cells are located between the front panel and the first backsheet. The second backsheet is a metal plate located on the side of the first backsheet away from the solar cells. The second backsheet is adhesively or laminatedly connected to the laminated assembly.

[0007] The photovoltaic tile of this application is bonded to the second back panel by adhesive bonding or secondary lamination of a laminated assembly including a front panel, solar cells and a first front panel, so that the metal second back panel is not prone to thermal deformation, thereby solving the problem of photovoltaic tile warping.

[0008] In some embodiments, the laminated assembly includes a weather-resistant layer that is light-transmitting and is located on the side of the front panel opposite to the solar cells.

[0009] In some embodiments, the projection range of the weather-resistant layer along the thickness direction onto the plane where the battery cell is located coincides with the projection range of the front panel.

[0010] In some embodiments, the thickness of the weather-resistant layer ranges from 20 to 40 μm.

[0011] In some embodiments, the weather-resistant layer is a fluorinated film.

[0012] In some embodiments, the laminated assembly includes a cutoff layer for blocking light in the 10–400 nm wavelength range and allowing visible light to pass through, the cutoff layer being located on at least one of the two sides of the front panel along its thickness direction.

[0013] In some embodiments, the projection range of the cut-off layer along the thickness direction onto the plane where the battery cell is located coincides with the projection range of the front panel.

[0014] In some embodiments, the stop layer is a polyolefin elastomer film.

[0015] In some embodiments, the laminated assembly further includes a weather-resistant layer located on the side of the front panel away from the solar cell, and the cut-off layer includes a first cut-off layer and a second cut-off layer, the first cut-off layer being located between the weather-resistant layer and the front panel, and the second cut-off layer being located between the front panel and the solar cell.

[0016] In some embodiments, the laminated assembly includes a waterproof layer disposed between the battery cell and the first backsheet, the waterproof layer being a waterproof plastic film.

[0017] In some embodiments, the water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer is at most 0.7 g / sq.m / day.

[0018] In some embodiments, the projection range of the waterproof layer along its thickness direction onto the plane where the battery cell is located coincides with the projection range of the first backplate.

[0019] In some embodiments, the waterproof layer is a polyolefin elastomer film.

[0020] In some embodiments, the front panel and the first back panel are plastic sheets, and the thickness of the front panel and the first back panel ranges from 0.41 to 0.75 mm.

[0021] In some embodiments, the front panel and the first back panel are polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets.

[0022] In some embodiments, the battery cell is located within the projection range of the first back plate and the front plate along the thickness direction of the plane in which the battery cell is located.

[0023] In some embodiments, at least one edge of the second back sheet extends beyond the projection range of the laminated assembly onto the second back sheet along the thickness direction.

[0024] In some embodiments, the material of the second back plate is one or more of aluminum, aluminum alloy plate, color steel plate, aluminized zinc plate, and galvanized plate.

[0025] In some embodiments, the second back sheet is adhesively or laminated to the laminated assembly.

[0026] The photovoltaic module of this application includes a plurality of photovoltaic tiles as described above, and the plurality of photovoltaic tiles are electrically connected.

[0027] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the photovoltaic tile according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the photovoltaic tile according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 is an exploded structural diagram of the photovoltaic tile according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Reference numerals: 100-Photovoltaic tile; 110-Laminated module; 10-Solar cell; 101-Front side; 102-Rear side; 20-Front panel; 30-First back panel; 40-Weather-resistant layer; 50-Stop layer; 51-First stop layer; 52-Second stop layer; 60-Waterproof layer; 120-Second back panel.

[0032] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To better understand the technical solution of this application, the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] The terminology used in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0035] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0036] It should be noted that the directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" described in the embodiments of this application are used to describe the angles shown in the accompanying drawings and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, in the context, it should be understood that when it is mentioned that an element is connected "upper" or "lower" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element "upper" or "lower," or indirectly connected to the other element "upper" or "lower" through an intermediate element.

[0037] In related technologies, photovoltaic tiles are usually stacked structures. The bottom layer of the photovoltaic tile can be equipped with a metal backplate to provide structural support, and plastic sheets, films and other materials are set inside the photovoltaic tile for buffering, insulation and weather protection. Several layers of plastic sheets, films, solar cells and metal base plates are pressed together to form a single unit. However, the thermal deformation properties of plastic and metal are quite different, which can easily lead to obvious deformation such as warping of the photovoltaic tile, thereby affecting the photoelectric conversion function of the solar cells and the overall structural stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0038] Please refer to Figures 1-3. The photovoltaic tile 100 of this embodiment includes a laminated assembly 110 and a second backsheet 120. The laminated assembly 110 includes a front panel 20, a solar cell 10 and a first backsheet 30. The solar cell 10 is located between the front panel 20 and the first backsheet 30. The second backsheet 120 is a metal plate. The second backsheet 120 is located on the side of the first backsheet 30 away from the solar cell 10. The second backsheet 120 is glued or laminated to the laminated assembly 110.

[0039] The photovoltaic tile 100 of this application embodiment is bonded to the second back plate 120 by a laminated assembly 110 including a front plate 20, a battery cell 10 and a first back plate 30, or by secondary lamination, so that the metal second back plate 120 is not prone to thermal deformation, thereby solving the problem of warping of the photovoltaic tile 100.

[0040] Specifically, photovoltaic tiles 100 can be applied to building surfaces or outdoor flat ground. For example, photovoltaic tiles 100 can be laid on roofs, walls, or public facilities such as streetlights. In addition, photovoltaic tiles 100 can also be laid over a large area to construct photovoltaic power generation bases.

[0041] The photovoltaic tile 100 is generally flat, and the layers in the laminated module 110 and the second backsheet 120 are also flat. The solar cell 10 is used to convert light energy into electrical energy. The solar cell 10 can be a crystalline silicon cell manufactured using technologies such as Perc (Passivated Emitter Rear Cell), Topcon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact), or HJT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-film), or it can be a perovskite cell.

[0042] The photovoltaic tile 100 is typically laid with the front panel 20 on top and the second back panel 120 on the bottom. The surface of the solar cell 10 facing the front panel 20 is the light-receiving surface, so the layers above the solar cell 10 in the laminated assembly are all light-transmitting. For ease of explanation, in the embodiments of this application, the two sides in the thickness direction of the solar cell 10 are defined as the front side 101 and the rear side 102 of the photovoltaic tile 100, respectively. The front panel 20 is located on the front side 101, and the first back panel 30 and the second back panel 120 are located on the rear side 102.

[0043] Alternatively, the front panel 20 can be a plastic sheet with good light transmittance. Compared to a glass front panel 20, using a plastic sheet for the front panel 20 can reduce weight and improve impact resistance. For example, the front panel 20 can be a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) sheet.

[0044] Optionally, the first backplate 30 is a lightweight plastic plate or a composite material plate, which reduces weight while providing cushioning and insulation protection.

[0045] Optionally, the second back plate 120 can be made of aluminum or aluminum alloy plate, color steel plate, aluminized zinc plate, galvanized plate, etc.

[0046] Referring to Figure 2, in some embodiments, the laminated assembly 110 includes a weather-resistant layer 40, which is transparent and located on the side of the front panel 20 opposite to the solar cells 10. Thus, by covering the surface of the photovoltaic tile 100 with the weather-resistant layer 40, the weather resistance of the photovoltaic tile 100 is improved.

[0047] Specifically, the weather-resistant layer 40 is located on the side of the front panel 20 opposite to the solar cell 10 and can cover the surface of the photovoltaic tile 100 that is in contact with the external environment on the front side 101. The weather-resistant layer 40 can be a fluorinated film made of fluoroplastics, for example, it can be a film made of ETFE (ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene), PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride), or PVF (polyvinyl fluoride homopolymer). Fluoroplastic films have strong resistance to ultraviolet radiation, wind and sand abrasion, and climate change. Optionally, the thickness of the weather-resistant layer 40 ranges from 20 to 40 μm.

[0048] Referring to Figure 2, in some embodiments, the laminated assembly 110 includes a cutoff layer 50, which blocks light in the 10-400 nm wavelength range while allowing visible light to pass through. The cutoff layer 50 is located on at least one of the two sides of the front panel 20 along its thickness direction. Thus, by blocking ultraviolet light through the cutoff layer 50, the amount of ultraviolet radiation entering the photovoltaic tile 100 is reduced, slowing down the embrittlement and discoloration of plastic components such as the front panel 20.

[0049] Specifically, the barrier layer 50 can be a film made primarily of POE (Polyolefin Elastomer), which can effectively block ultraviolet light while adhering firmly to the front panel 20. In addition, the POE film also has good waterproof performance, which can prevent the hydrolysis of the PET-made front panel 20 to a certain extent and block moisture from corroding the battery cell 10, thus helping to reduce the power loss of the battery cell 10.

[0050] Referring to Figures 2 and 3, in some embodiments, the laminated assembly 110 further includes a weather-resistant layer 40 located on the surface of the front panel 20 facing away from the solar cell 10. The cutoff layer 50 includes a first cutoff layer 51 and a second cutoff layer 52. The first cutoff layer 51 is located between the weather-resistant layer 40 and the front panel 20, and the second cutoff layer 52 is located between the front panel 20 and the solar cell 10. Thus, the first and second cutoff layers 51 and 52 block ultraviolet light from entering the photovoltaic tile 100, and the weather-resistant layer 40 is located outside the first cutoff layer 51, thereby enhancing the photovoltaic tile 100's resistance to ultraviolet radiation and weathering, slowing down aging, and ultimately improving the service life of the photovoltaic tile 100.

[0051] Specifically, both the first cutoff layer 51 and the second cutoff layer 52 are high-cutoff POE films made primarily of POE. The first cutoff layer 51 can also bond the weather-resistant layer 40 and the front panel 20, while the second cutoff layer 52 can bond the front panel 20 and the solar cell 10, thereby improving the internal structural stability of the photovoltaic tile 100.

[0052] Referring to Figures 2 and 3, in some embodiments, the laminated assembly 110 includes a waterproof layer 60 disposed between the solar cell 10 and the first backsheet 30. The waterproof layer 60 is a waterproof plastic film. Thus, the waterproof layer 60 blocks moisture erosion between the solar cell 10 and the first backsheet 30, improving the waterproof performance of the photovoltaic tile 100 on its rear side 102.

[0053] Specifically, the waterproof layer 60 can be a POE film. The waterproof layer 60 can also bond the battery cell 10 to the first backplate 30, improving structural stability.

[0054] In some embodiments, the water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer 60 is at most 0.7 g / sq.m / day. Thus, the low water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer 60 effectively blocks water vapor from corroding the solar cell 10, thereby helping to avoid or slow down the power degradation of the solar cell 10. Specifically, the POE film has a lower water vapor permeability compared to commonly used EVA and PVB films in the prior art. For example, the waterproof layer 60 is a POE film with a water vapor permeability of 0.7 g / sq.m / day.

[0055] In some embodiments, the front panel 20 and the first back panel 30 are made of plastic sheets, and the thickness of the front panel 20 and the first back panel 30 ranges from 0.41 to 0.75 mm (including the endpoints). In this way, using relatively thick plastic sheets as the front panel 20 and the first back panel 30 improves the impact resistance of the photovoltaic tile 100.

[0056] Specifically, the front panel 20 and the first back panel 30 can be made of PET, and the thickness of the front panel 20 and the first back panel 30 can be the same or different. For example, the thickness of the front panel 20 (or the first back panel 30) can be 0.41 mm, 0.45 mm, 0.54 mm, 0.57 mm, 0.61 mm, 0.63 mm, or 0.75 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of both the front panel 20 and the first back panel 30 is 0.58 mm.

[0057] Referring to Figure 2, in some embodiments, the battery cell 10 is located within the projection range of the first back plate 30 and the front plate 20 along the thickness direction on the plane where the battery cell 10 is located. In this way, the first back plate 30 and the front plate 20 can completely cover the front and rear sides 102 surfaces of the battery cell 10, thereby providing sufficient protection.

[0058] Specifically, the geometric centers of the front plate 20 and the first back plate 30 are projected onto the battery cell 10 along the thickness direction and coincide with the geometric center of the outer contour of the battery cell 10. The front plate 20 and the first back plate 30 have the same shape as the battery cell 10, and the dimensions of the first back plate 30 and the front plate 20 are slightly larger than or equal to the dimensions of the same side edge of the battery cell 10, so that the edges of the first back plate 30 and the front plate 20 extend beyond the same side edge of the battery cell 10 or are flush with the edge of the battery cell 10.

[0059] Optionally, the projections of the front panel 20 and the first back panel 30 along the thickness direction onto the plane where the battery cell 10 is located coincide.

[0060] Referring to Figure 3, optionally, the projection range of the cut-off layer 50 and the weather-resistant film along the thickness direction on the plane where the solar cell 10 is located coincides with the projection range of the front panel 20. In this way, the cut-off layer 50 and the weather-resistant film completely cover the surface of the photovoltaic tile 100 on the front side 101, fully protecting the internal structure of the photovoltaic tile 100.

[0061] Optionally, the projection range of the waterproof layer 60 along its thickness direction onto the plane where the battery cell 10 is located coincides with the projection range of the first backplate 30. That is, the waterproof layer 60 completely covers the surface of the first backplate 30 facing the battery cell 10, and the edge of the waterproof layer 60 is at least flush with or partially extends beyond the edge of the battery cell 10. In this way, it effectively blocks moisture and promotes stable adhesion.

[0062] For example, the battery cell 10, the front panel 20, and the first back panel 30 are all square flat plates. The long side of the front panel 20 and the first back panel 30 is on the same side as the long side of the battery cell 10, and the short side of the front panel 20 and the first back panel 30 is on the same side as the short side of the battery cell 10. The length of the long side of the front panel 20 and the first back panel 30 is greater than the length of the long side of the battery cell 10, and the length of the short side of the front panel 20 and the first back panel 30 is also greater than the length of the short side of the battery cell 10.

[0063] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the stop layer 50 and the weather-resistant film are square films that correspond to the size of the front panel 20, and the waterproof layer 60 is a square film that corresponds to the size of the first back panel 30.

[0064] Referring to Figure 2, in some embodiments, at least one edge of the second backplate 120 extends beyond the projection range of the laminate assembly 110 onto the second backplate 120 along the thickness direction. Thus, the edge of the second backplate 120 has reserved space to facilitate overlapping of the photovoltaic tile 100 with adjacent photovoltaic tiles 100 during installation.

[0065] Specifically, the shape of the second back plate 120 matches the outline shape of the projected lamination assembly 110. For example, if the projected lamination assembly 110 is square, the second back plate 120 can be a square thin plate with both length and width greater than the projected outline of the lamination assembly 110, and the long side of the second back plate 120 is on the same side as the long side of the projected outline of the lamination assembly 110, and the short side of the second back plate 120 is on the same side as the short side of the projected outline of the lamination assembly 110. Alternatively, if the projected lamination assembly 110 is square, the long side of the second back plate 120 is on the same side as the long side of the projected outline of the lamination assembly 110 and has the same dimensions, and the short side of the second back plate 120 is on the same side as the short side of the projected outline of the lamination assembly 110, and the length of the short side of the second back plate 120 is greater than the length of the short side of the projected outline of the lamination assembly 110.

[0066] In some embodiments, the laminated assembly 110 includes a weather-resistant layer 40, a first cutoff layer 51, a front panel 20, a second cutoff layer 52, a solar cell 10, a waterproof layer 60, and a first back panel 30, which are sequentially stacked and pressed together in one step. The weather-resistant layer 40 is a fluorinated film, the first and second cutoff layers 51 and 52 are high-cutoff POE films, the waterproof layer 60 is a POE film, and the front panel 20 and the first back panel 30 are thickened PET sheets. The laminated assembly 110 is then pressed together with the second back panel 120 to form an integral photovoltaic tile 100.

[0067] In other embodiments, the laminated assembly 110 includes a weather-resistant layer 40, a first cutoff layer 51, a front panel 20, a second cutoff layer 52, a battery cell 10, a waterproof layer 60, and a first back panel 30, which are sequentially stacked and pressed together in one step. The weather-resistant layer 40 is a fluorinated film, the first and second cutoff layers 51 and 52 are high-cutoff POE films, the waterproof layer 60 is a POE film, and the front panel 20 and the first back panel 30 are thickened PET sheets. The laminated assembly 110 is bonded to the second back panel 120 by adhesive, and an adhesive film layer may be disposed between the first back panel 30 and the second back panel 120.

[0068] The photovoltaic module (not shown) according to the embodiments of this application includes a plurality of photovoltaic tiles 100, which are electrically connected. Thus, the electrical connection of the plurality of photovoltaic tiles 100 can increase the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic module.

[0069] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic tile, characterized in that, The photovoltaic tiles include: A laminated assembly, the laminated assembly including a front panel, solar cells, and a first back panel, the solar cells being located between the front panel and the first back panel; and The second backplate is a metal plate located on the side of the first backplate away from the battery cell. The second backplate is adhesively or laminated to the laminated assembly.

2. Photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laminated assembly also includes a weather-resistant layer that is light-transmitting and is located on the side of the front panel opposite to the solar cells.

3. Photovoltaic tile according to claim 2, characterized in that, The projection range of the weather-resistant layer along its thickness direction onto the plane where the battery cell is located coincides with the projection range of the front panel.

4. The photovoltaic tile of claim 2, wherein, The thickness of the weather-resistant layer ranges from 20 to 40 μm.

5. The photovoltaic tile of claim 2, wherein, The weather-resistant layer is a fluorinated rubber film.

6. The photovoltaic tile of claim 1, wherein, The laminated assembly includes a cutoff layer for blocking light in the 10–400 nm wavelength band and allowing visible light to pass through. The cutoff layer is located on at least one of the two sides of the front panel along the thickness direction.

7. Photovoltaic tile according to claim 6, characterized in that, The projection range of the cut-off layer along the thickness direction on the plane where the battery cell is located coincides with the projection range of the front panel.

8. The photovoltaic tile of claim 6, wherein, The stop layer is a polyolefin elastomer film.

9. The photovoltaic tile of claim 6, wherein, The laminated assembly further includes a weather-resistant layer located on the side surface of the front panel facing away from the solar cell. The cut-off layer includes a first cut-off layer and a second cut-off layer, with the first cut-off layer located between the weather-resistant layer and the front panel, and the second cut-off layer located between the front panel and the solar cell.

10. The photovoltaic tile of claim 1, wherein, The laminated assembly includes a waterproof layer disposed between the battery cell and the first backsheet, and the waterproof layer is a waterproof plastic film.

11. Photovoltaic tile according to claim 10, characterized in that, The water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer is at most 0.7 g / sq.m / day.

12. The photovoltaic tile of claim 10, wherein, The projection range of the waterproof layer along its thickness direction onto the plane where the battery cell is located coincides with the projection range of the first backplate.

13. The photovoltaic tile of claim 10, wherein, The waterproof layer is a polyolefin elastomer film.

14. The photovoltaic tile of claim 1, wherein, The front panel and the first back panel are made of plastic sheets, and the thickness of the front panel and the first back panel ranges from 0.41 to 0.75 mm.

15. The photovoltaic tile of claim 1, wherein, The front panel and the first back panel are made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets.

16. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery cell is located within the projection range of the first back plate and the front plate along the thickness direction of the plane where the battery cell is located.

17. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one edge of the second back sheet extends beyond the projection range of the laminated assembly onto the second back sheet along the thickness direction.

18. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the second back panel is one or more of aluminum, aluminum alloy plate, color steel plate, aluminized zinc plate, and galvanized plate.

19. The photovoltaic tile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second back plate is adhesively or laminated to the laminated assembly.

20. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, It includes a plurality of photovoltaic tiles as described in any one of claims 1-19, wherein the plurality of photovoltaic tiles are electrically connected.

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