Multi-layer grafted tree and grafting method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a grafted tree body, and more particularly to a multi-layer grafted tree body and a grafting method for a grafted tree body and a harvested tree body in the next year. At present, walnut grafting is a traditional grafting method, and these grafting methods have a relatively low survival rate, and grafting wounds are difficult to heal, and it is difficult to survive the winter, and economic benefits cannot be generated in time. The present invention includes a rootstock and a multi-layer fringe grafted on the rootstock, wherein the bark is peeled off at each grafting position of the rootstock to form a grafting vertical groove; the lower half of the fringe is cut into a long inclined plane, and the long inclined plane at the lower end of the fringe is behind a short inclined plane, and the old skin is cut from the upper end of the short inclined plane and the back of the long inclined plane to form a vertical plane; the long inclined plane, short inclined plane and vertical plane of the fringe are inserted into the grafting vertical groove of the rootstock. The present invention provides a grafting operation that is simple and convenient, the rootstock is lightly injured, and multi-layer grafting is performed to increase the fruiting part. Healing is easy, the survival rate is high, and it is more than 90%, it is not easy to be blown down by wind and sand, 100% can safely survive the winter, and the grafting results early and the yield is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a grafted tree body, in particular to a multi-layer grafted tree body and a grafting method for achieving good harvest in the next year by grafting in the current year. Background Art

[0002] At present, walnut grafting is to transplant the buds or branches of a superior variety to another walnut tree that is strong and more adaptable to local natural conditions. Most of them use traditional grafting methods such as cleft grafting, cut grafting, clamp grafting, and soil grafting, and only graft on the body of the rootstock. These grafting methods have a relatively low survival rate, complex grafting, serious injury to the rootstock, a lot of waste of the required grafted cortex, a small grafting healing area, difficulty in healing of grafted wounds, easy to be blown down by wind and sand, unreasonable management after grafting, difficulty in wintering, low fruiting rate in the next year after grafting, and will not enter the harvest season until a few years later, and cannot generate economic benefits in time. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a simple and convenient method, wherein the rootstock is slightly injured, multi-layer grafting is performed, the grafting healing area is large, the required grafting cortex is not wasted, the grafting site is easy to heal, the survival rate is as high as 90%, the part of the fringe strips that are cut off is very small, and the part that contacts the rootstock is relatively large and thick, the wind and sand are not easy to blow down, the management after grafting is relatively reasonable, 100% of the grafting can be safely through the winter, the harvest period can be entered the next year after grafting in the same year, and economic benefits can be generated in time.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0005] A multi-layer grafted tree body comprises a rootstock and a multi-layer scion grafted on the rootstock, wherein the rootstock is sawn at the upper end, and the bark of each grafting portion of the rootstock is peeled off to form a grafting vertical groove; 5-15 cm from the lower half of the scion is cut into a long inclined surface with a depth of 1-2 mm in the wood part and an inclination of 3-5 degrees, a short inclined surface is behind the long inclined surface at the lower end of the scion, and old bark is cut from the upper end of the short inclined surface and the back of the long inclined surface to form a vertical surface, and green phloem is exposed on the vertical surface.

[0006] The long inclined surface, short inclined surface and vertical surface of the scion are inserted into the grafted vertical groove of the rootstock, the wood part of the long inclined surface of the scion corresponds to the wood part of the grafted vertical groove of the rootstock, the skin cut edges at two edges of the long inclined surface of the scion are tightly attached to the skin cut edges at two edges of the vertical groove of the rootstock to form a healed long edge, the rootstock peels off the cortex to embrace the short inclined surface and vertical surface of the scion, the skin cut edges at two edges of the peeled cortex of the rootstock are tightly attached to the skin cut edges at two edges of the short inclined surface of the scion to form a healed short edge, and the inner surface of the peeled cortex of the rootstock and the vertical surface of the scion form a healed large surface.

[0007] The first grafting layer is set at the bottom of the rootstock, and two or more grafting layers are set downward. Each grafting layer can graft two symmetrical scions. When the rootstock is thicker, each grafting layer is grafted with multiple scions arranged in a ring around the circumference of the rootstock, and the upper and lower grafting layers are staggered.

[0008] A method for grafting a multi-layered grafted tree, comprising collecting scions, scion processing, rootstock processing, grafting, binding processing, and post-grafting management, the specific steps are:

[0009] ① Collecting scions: Collect healthy one-year-old scions with full buds that have safely survived the winter between February 10 and February 25 each year when the local weather temperature is between 0°C and 10°C. In order to reduce the evaporation of water in the scions and ensure the vitality of the scions from grafting to survival for a period of time, wax is used to seal the scions. After waxing, they should be stored in an ice cellar in time or stored under low temperature and moisturizing conditions of 0-2°C;

[0010] When wax sealing, first heat and melt the industrial paraffin wax in a deeper container. When the wax temperature reaches 95℃-102℃, quickly dip the scion in the wax liquid (within 1 second, usually 0.1 second). Do not leave any un-waxed space on the scion. Be careful not to make the wax temperature too low or too high. If it is too low, the wax layer will be thick and easy to fall off. If it is too high, it will easily burn the scion. Wax-sealed scions should be completely cooled before being collected and stored.

[0011] ② Spike processing: Grafting is done between March 25 and May 10 when the local weather temperature is between 10℃ and 25℃. The scion is cut into the required length for grafting. Generally, the length of the scion is 10-25 cm, with 2-5 buds retained and full buds at the top. Thick scions should be slightly longer, and thin ones should not be too long. The lower half of the scion is cut into a long bevel with a depth of 1-2mm and a slope of 3-5° at 5-15cm. The back of the long bevel at the lower end of the scion is cut into a short bevel. The old skin is cut from the upper end of the short bevel and the back of the long bevel to form a vertical surface, and the green phloem is exposed on the vertical surface.

[0012] ③ Stock processing: saw off the stock at the interface, flatten the cross section, and then use a grafting knife to cut two cuts on the bark of each grafting part of the stock, peel off the bark to form a grafting groove;

[0013] ④ Grafting: insert the scion processed in step ② into the grafted vertical groove of the rootstock processed in step ③, the wood part of the long oblique surface of the scion corresponds to the wood part of the grafted vertical groove of the rootstock, the two edges of the skin cut edges of the long oblique surface of the scion are close to the two edges of the skin cut edges of the vertical groove of the rootstock to form a healing long edge, the rootstock peels off the cortex to embrace the short oblique surface and vertical surface of the scion, the two edges of the skin cut edges of the peeled cortex of the rootstock are close to the two edges of the skin cut edges of the short oblique surface of the scion to form a healing short edge, and the inner surface of the peeled cortex of the rootstock and the vertical surface of the scion form a healing large surface;

[0014] The first grafting layer is set at the bottom of the rootstock, and two or more grafting layers are set downwards. Each grafting layer can be grafted with two symmetrical scions. When the rootstock is thick, each grafting layer is grafted with multiple scions arranged in a ring around the circumference of the rootstock. The upper and lower grafting layers are staggered, and the crown is relatively vigorous, which can maintain the upper and lower balance of the tree body.

[0015] To ensure a survival rate of more than 90%, select the buds that have naturally turned green at the bottom and are about to sprout for timely grafting; the buds that have not naturally turned green at the bottom should be soaked in the solution prepared with the rooting agent for 50-70 minutes, and then grafted when the bottom of the bud turns green and is ready to sprout;

[0016] ⑤Binding treatment: first use plastic rope to tie the grafting of stock and scion tightly, and fix the scion on the stock; then use plastic tape to tie the grafting of stock and scion and all parts of scion from bottom to top, and only tie one at the budding, and cover the cross section of stock and other cuts with plastic tape. Since there is only one plastic tape at the budding, the budding can be taken out by itself;

[0017] ⑥ Management after grafting: When the spikelets survive, sprout and develop into main branches, prune them once when they grow to 20-25 cm to allow them to develop primary branches. When the primary branches grow to 20-25 cm, prune them again to allow them to develop secondary branches. When the secondary branches grow to 20-25 cm, prune them again to allow them to develop tertiary branches. At the same time, remove all new shoots and side shoots to control their growth, basically complete the shaping and promote the maturity of the main branches.

[0018] In the above-mentioned grafting method for a multi-layer grafted tree, in order to ensure a survival rate of more than 90%, the processes of scion processing, rootstock processing, grafting, and binding are controlled within 1 minute.

[0019] The invention has the beneficial effects of providing a grafting method which is simple and convenient to operate, the stock is slightly injured, the wound is small, the multi-layer grafting increases the fruiting part, the grafting healing area is large, the required grafting cortex is not wasted, the grafting part is easy to heal, the survival rate is as high as 90%, the fringe strips are very few in part and the part in contact with the stock is relatively large and thick, the wind and sand are not easy to blow down, the management after grafting is relatively reasonable, 100% can safely pass the winter, the grafting results early and the yield is high, generally the yield of the original tree can be restored or even exceeded in the second year after grafting, the crown can be restored in the third year, high yield can be obtained, and economic benefits can be generated in time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the grafting structure of scion and rootstock of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the shaved surface structure of the fringe strips of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of each grafting part of the rootstock of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, a multi-layer grafted tree body includes a rootstock 1 and a multi-layer fringe 2 grafted on the rootstock 1, wherein the rootstock 1 is structured as follows: the rootstock 1 is sawn at the upper end, and the bark 12 is peeled off at each grafting position of the rootstock 1 to form a grafting vertical groove 11; the lower half of the fringe 2 is 5-15 cm and is cut into a long inclined surface 21 with a depth of 1-2 mm in the wood part and an inclination of 3-5°, and behind the long inclined surface 21 at the lower end of the fringe 2 is a short inclined surface 22, and the old bark is cut from the upper end of the short inclined surface 22 and the back of the long inclined surface 21 to form a vertical surface 23, and the vertical surface 23 exposes the green phloem.

[0024] The long inclined surface 21, the short inclined surface 22 and the vertical surface 23 of the fringe 2 are inserted into the grafting vertical groove 11 of the stock 1, the wood part of the long inclined surface 21 of the fringe 2 corresponds to the wood part of the grafting vertical groove 11 of the stock 1, the two edge skin cut edges of the long inclined surface 21 of the fringe 2 are tightly attached to the two edge skin cut edges of the vertical groove 11 of the stock 1 to form a healed long edge 3, the peeled cortex 12 of the stock 1 embraces the short inclined surface 22 and the vertical surface 23 of the fringe 2, the two edge skin cut edges of the peeled cortex 12 of the stock 1 are tightly attached to the two edge skin cut edges of the short inclined surface 22 of the fringe 2 to form a healed short edge 4, and the inner surface of the peeled cortex 12 of the stock 1 and the vertical surface 23 of the fringe 2 form a healed large surface 5.

[0025] A method for grafting a multi-layered grafted tree, comprising collecting scions, scion processing, rootstock processing, grafting, binding processing, and post-grafting management, the specific steps are:

[0026] ① Collecting scions: Collect healthy one-year-old scions with full buds that have safely survived the winter between February 10 and February 25 each year when the local weather temperature is between 0°C and 10°C. In order to reduce the evaporation of water in the scions and ensure the vitality of the scions from grafting to survival for a period of time, wax is used to seal the scions. After waxing, they should be stored in an ice cellar in time or stored under low temperature and moisturizing conditions of 0-2°C;

[0027] When wax sealing, first heat and melt the industrial paraffin wax in a deeper container. When the wax temperature reaches 95℃-102℃, quickly dip the scion in the wax liquid (within 1 second, usually 0.1 second). Do not leave any un-waxed space on the scion. Be careful not to make the wax temperature too low or too high. If it is too low, the wax layer will be thick and easy to fall off. If it is too high, it will easily burn the scion. Wax-sealed scions should be completely cooled before being collected and stored.

[0028] ② Spike processing: Grafting is carried out between March 25 and May 10 when the local weather temperature is between 10℃ and 25℃. The scion is cut into the required length for grafting to form spike 2. Generally, the length of spike 2 is 10-25 cm, and 2-5 buds are retained, with full buds at the top. Spike 2 that is too thick should be slightly longer, and thin ones should not be too long. The lower half of the spike 2 is cut into a long inclined surface 21 with a depth of 1-2mm and an inclination of 3-5° at 5-15cm. The back of the long inclined surface 21 at the lower end of the spike 2 is cut into a short inclined surface 22. The old skin is cut from the upper end of the short inclined surface 22 and the back of the long inclined surface 21 to form a vertical surface 23, and the vertical surface 23 exposes the green phloem;

[0029] 3. Stock processing: saw off the stock 1 at the interface, flatten the cross section, and then use a grafting knife to cut two knives on the bark 12 of each grafting part of the stock 1, peel off the bark 12 to form a grafting vertical groove 11;

[0030] ④ Grafting: insert the fringe 2 processed in step ② into the grafting vertical groove 11 of the stock 1 processed in step ③, the wood part of the long inclined surface 21 of the fringe 2 corresponds to the wood part of the grafting vertical groove 11 of the stock 1, the two edge skin cut edges of the long inclined surface 21 of the fringe 2 are close to the two edge skin cut edges of the vertical groove 11 of the stock 1 to form a healing long edge 3, the stock 1 peels off the cortex 12 and embraces the short inclined surface 22 and the vertical surface 23 of the fringe 2, the two edge skin cut edges of the peeled cortex 12 of the stock 1 are close to the two edge skin cut edges of the short inclined surface 22 of the fringe 2 to form a healing short edge 4, and the inner surface of the peeled cortex 12 of the stock 1 and the vertical surface 23 of the fringe 2 form a healing large surface 5;

[0031] The first grafting layer is set at the head of the stock 1, and two or more grafting layers are set downward, each grafting layer can be grafted with two symmetrical scions 2, and when the stock 1 is thick, each grafting layer is grafted with multiple scions 2 arranged in a ring around the circumference of the stock 1, and the upper and lower grafting layers are staggered, the crown is relatively vigorous, and the upper and lower balance of the tree can be maintained;

[0032] To ensure a survival rate of more than 90%, select the buds with naturally green bottoms and ready to sprout for timely grafting; the buds without naturally green bottoms are first soaked in a solution prepared with a rooting agent for 50-70 minutes, and then grafted when the buds are ready to sprout.

[0033] ⑤ Binding treatment: first use a plastic rope to tie the grafting of the stock 1 and the fringe 2 tightly, and fix the fringe 2 on the stock 1; then use a plastic tape to tie the grafting of the stock 1 and the fringe 2 and all parts of the fringe 2 from bottom to top, and only tie one tie at the budding, and cover the cross section and other cuts of the stock 1 with a plastic tape. Since there is only one plastic tape at the budding, the budding can be taken out of the tape by itself;

[0034] ⑥ Management after grafting: When spike 2 survives, sprouts and develops into the main branch, prune it once when it grows to 20-25 cm to allow it to develop a primary branch. When the primary branch grows to 20-25 cm, prune it again to allow it to develop a secondary branch. When the secondary branch grows to 20-25 cm, prune it again to allow it to develop a tertiary branch. At the same time, remove all new shoots and side shoots to control their growth, basically complete the shaping, and promote the maturity of the main branch.

[0035] In the above-mentioned grafting method for a multi-layer grafted tree, in order to ensure a survival rate of more than 90%, the processes of scion processing, rootstock processing, grafting, and binding are controlled within 1 minute.

[0036] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in the field, any technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation shall fall within the protection scope required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for grafting a multi-layered tree, characterized in that: Walnut grafting includes collecting scion, scion processing, rootstock processing, grafting, binding processing, and post-grafting management. The specific steps are as follows: ① Collecting scions: Collect healthy one-year-old scions with full buds that have safely survived the winter between February 10 and February 25 each year when the local weather temperature is between 0°C and 10°C. In order to reduce the evaporation of water from the scions and ensure the vitality of the scions from grafting to survival for a period of time, wax is used to seal the scions. After waxing, they should be stored in an ice cellar in time or stored at a low temperature and moisturizing condition of 0-2°C; ② Spike processing: Grafting is carried out between the lowest temperature of 10℃ and the highest temperature of 25℃ in the local weather from March 25 to May 10. The scion is cut into spikes according to the length required for grafting. Generally, the spike length is 10-25 cm, 2-5 buds are retained, and the top has full buds. The spikes that are too thick should be slightly longer, and the thin ones should not be too long. The lower half of the spike is cut into a long slope with a depth of 1-2mm and a slope of 3-5° at 5-15cm. The back of the long slope at the lower end of the spike is cut into a short slope. The old skin is cut from the upper end of the short slope and the back of the long slope to form a vertical surface, and the vertical surface reveals the green phloem; ③ Stock processing: saw off the stock at the interface, flatten the cross section, and then use a grafting knife to cut two cuts on the bark of each grafting part of the stock, peel off the bark to form a grafting groove; ④ Grafting: insert the scion processed in step ② into the grafting vertical groove of the stock processed in step ③, the wood part of the long oblique surface of the scion corresponds to the wood part of the grafting vertical groove of the stock, the two edges of the skin cut edges of the long oblique surface of the scion are close to the two edges of the skin cut edges of the vertical groove of the stock to form a healing long edge, the stock peels off the cortex to embrace the short oblique surface and vertical surface of the scion, the two edges of the skin cut edges of the stock peels off the cortex are close to the two edges of the skin cut edges of the short oblique surface of the scion to form a healing short edge, and the inner surface of the stock peels off the cortex and the vertical surface of the scion form a healing large surface; set multiple grafting layers on the stock; when grafting, select the scion with the bud bottom turning green and sprouting quickly for timely grafting; ⑤Binding treatment: first use plastic rope to tie the grafting of stock and scion tightly, and fix the scion on the stock; then use plastic tape to tie the grafting of stock and scion and all parts of scion from bottom to top, and only tie one at the budding, and cover the cross section of stock and other cuts with plastic tape. Since there is only one plastic tape at the budding, the budding will come out of the tape by itself; ⑥ Management after grafting: When the spikelets survive, sprout and develop into main branches, prune them once when they grow to 20-25 cm to allow them to develop primary branches. When the primary branches grow to 20-25 cm, prune them again to allow them to develop secondary branches. When the secondary branches grow to 20-25 cm, prune them again to allow them to develop tertiary branches. At the same time, remove all new shoots and side shoots to control their growth, complete the shaping, and promote the maturity of the main branches.

2. The method for grafting a multi-layered tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower half of the fringe strip is cut into a long bevel with a depth of 1 mm and a slope of 3° at 5 cm.

3. The method for grafting a multi-layered tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower half of the fringe strips is cut 10 cm into a long slope with a depth of 1.5 mm in the wood part and a slope of 4°.

4. The method for grafting a multi-layered tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower half of the fringe strips is cut 15 cm into a long bevel with a depth of 2 mm in the wood part and a slope of 5°.

Images