A flat plate anchor device with a semi-circular soil retaining plate

Abstract

The present invention discloses a flat plate anchor device with semi-circular soil retaining plates, which includes a flat plate anchor and a pair of semi-circular soil retaining plates with a semi-circular cross-section. At both ends of the upper part of the anchor plate of the flat plate anchor, a mooring ring is provided respectively; at the middle and the outer sides of both ends of the outer wall of each semi-circular soil retaining plate, mooring rings are provided. The mooring rings at the middle of the outer walls of the two semi-circular soil retaining plates are respectively connected to one of the mooring rings at the upper part of the anchor plate through anchor chains; when the two semi-circular soil retaining plates work, they are assembled relatively into a cylindrical shape and sleeved on the outer wall of the suction bucket foundation. The flat plate anchor is clamped into the bottom of the bucket foundation for fixation, and the anchor eye of the flat plate anchor leaks out of the bucket foundation and the anchor chain is installed. Relying on the bucket foundation, the semi-circular soil retaining plates and the flat plate anchor are penetrated into the seabed. After the bucket foundation is removed, a pulling force is applied to the anchor chain to make the anchor plate rotate, and the paired semi-circular soil retaining plates are unbound and separated and embedded into the seabed. The semi-circular soil retaining plates of the present invention improve the uplift bearing capacity of the flat plate anchor and effectively reduce the embedment loss generated during the rotation of the anchor plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of anchoring for deep - sea floating platforms or seawater cages, and specifically to a flat - plate anchor device with a semi - circular soil - retaining plate. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the suction - embedded plate anchor, a new type of foundation form, has been widely used in the Gulf of Mexico and African waters. Its main advantages are low cost, accurate positioning, and simple construction. The flat - plate anchor has a rectangular planar shape and is vertically fixed in a suction caisson during installation. The caisson penetrates to a predetermined depth under the action of its own weight and the negative pressure caused by pumping. After the caisson is separated from the flat - plate anchor, it is pulled out for future reuse. The flat - plate anchor left in the clay seabed rotates under the traction of the anchor chain until the plate surface is nearly perpendicular to the anchor chain or the applied tensile force reaches the design value, as Figure 1 shown. During the process of tensioning the anchor chain to rotate the anchor plate, the anchor plate will move upward, resulting in a loss of embedment depth. The height difference of the anchor - plate center before and after rotation is defined as the final lost embedment depth. Under seabed conditions where the strength generally increases proportionally with depth, the loss of embedment depth during the rotation adjustment process will lead to a decrease in bearing capacity, and this reduction can be as high as 20%.

[0003] To reduce the loss of embedment depth, a keying flap that can rotate around the anchor plate is usually provided above the anchor plate. The design intention is that when the anchor plate moves upward, the keying flap rotates outward relative to the anchor plate by a certain angle, thereby increasing the bearing area in the moving direction when the anchor plate moves upward, thus reducing the upward displacement of the anchor plate (i.e., the loss of embedment depth), and thereby increasing the final bearing capacity of the anchor plate. However, existing experimental studies and numerical calculations have questioned the actual effect of this keying flap, and some scholars even believe that the keying flap is of no help in reducing the loss of embedment depth of the flat - plate anchor.

[0004] It can be seen that it is necessary to improve the configuration of the traditional flat - plate anchor and design a new - structure flat - plate anchor that can both reduce the loss of embedment depth and improve the uplift bearing capacity of the flat - plate anchor. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a flat - plate anchor device with a semi - circular soil - retaining plate to solve the problem of large embedment - depth loss existing in the construction process of the flat - plate anchor in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above - mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] Flat plate anchor device with semi-circular soil pocket plates, characterized in that it includes a flat plate anchor and a pair of semi-circular soil pocket plates with a semi-circular cross-section. The flat plate anchor consists of an anchor plate and an anchor handle. An anchor eye is provided at the end of the anchor handle, and a mooring ring is provided at each of the two ends of the upper part of the anchor plate. Mooring rings are provided in the middle and at the outer sides of both ends of the outer wall of each semi-circular soil pocket plate. The mooring rings in the middle of the outer walls of the two semi-circular soil pocket plates are respectively connected to one of the mooring rings on the upper part of the anchor plate through anchor chains.

[0008] When the two semi-circular soil pocket plates work, they are assembled relatively into a cylindrical shape and sleeved on the outer wall of the suction bucket foundation. An anchor plate notch and an anchor eye notch matching the flat plate anchor are provided at the bottom of the bucket foundation. The flat plate anchor is clamped into the corresponding notches at the bottom of the bucket foundation for fixation. The anchor eye of the flat plate anchor protrudes from the bucket foundation and the anchor chain is installed. Relying on the bucket foundation, the semi-circular soil pocket plates and the flat plate anchor are penetrated to the designed depth of the seabed and then removed. After removal, a tensile force is applied to the anchor chain to cause the anchor plate to rotate. The paired semi-circular soil pocket plates are untied and separated and embedded into the seabed.

[0009] The flat plate anchor device with semi-circular soil pocket plates is characterized in that: the semi-circular soil pocket plates are processed into a semi-cylindrical shape using circular arc steel plates with a radian equal to 180°, and the diameter of the concave arc is larger than the outer diameter of the bucket foundation.

[0010] The flat plate anchor device with semi-circular soil pocket plates is characterized in that: the distance between the two mooring rings on the anchor plate of the flat plate anchor is larger than the outer diameter of the bucket foundation.

[0011] The flat plate anchor device with semi-circular soil pocket plates is characterized in that: the two semi-circular soil pocket plates are placed opposite to each other, and the mooring rings at the corresponding positions of the two semi-circular soil pocket plates are bound and assembled into a cylindrical shape through a detachable rope.

[0012] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0013] 1. The paired semi-circular soil pocket plates of the present invention are assembled on the outside of the bucket foundation. During the sinking and penetration process, the area in the plumb direction is the cross-sectional area of the circular plate, and this area is very small. Therefore, the resistance generated by the soil to it is very small. It can be seen that the influence of adding the semi-circular soil pocket plates on the sinking and penetration resistance of the entire device is very small, and there is basically no difference from the construction of traditional flat plate anchors.

[0014] 2. After the semi-circular soil pocket plates and the flat plate anchor of the present invention are sunk and penetrated to the designed depth, a tensile force is applied to the anchor chain to cause the anchor plate to rotate. During the rotation process of the anchor plate, the semi-circular soil pocket plates restrain and constrain the anchor plate through steel cables, effectively reducing the burial depth loss generated during the rotation of the anchor plate.

[0015] 3. When the flat anchor of the present invention moves during use, the external load is transmitted to the semi-circular soil-holding plate through the steel cable, and the position of the semi-circular soil-holding plate also changes accordingly. Eventually, the semi-circular soil-holding plate can hold a larger seabed soil mass along the direction of the anchor chain tension, thereby greatly improving the uplift bearing capacity of the flat anchor.

[0016] 4. The structure of the present invention is simple, easy to manufacture, and has a low cost, and can provide a large mooring force for offshore floating platforms, seawater aquaculture cages, etc. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the construction steps of a traditional flat anchor.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the semi-circular soil-holding plate of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is an assembly diagram of the semi-circular soil-holding plate of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the flat anchor of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 It is an assembly diagram of the suction bucket of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the suction bucket sinking by relying on its own gravity to contact the seabed during the construction of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the suction bucket penetrating into the seabed based on the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the posture of the suction bucket after being removed according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 It is a working state diagram of the present invention.

[0026] Description of the reference numerals: 1. Semi-circular soil-holding plate; 2. Mooring ring; 3. Anchor plate; 4. Anchor handle; 5. Anchor eye; 6. Bucket foundation; 7. Steel cable; 8. Anchor chain; 9. Construction rope; A. Seabed surface. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0028] A flat plate anchor device with semi-circular soil-holding plates, comprising a pair of semi-circular soil-holding plates 1 and a flat plate anchor; the semi-circular soil-holding plates 1 are circular arc steel plates with a radian of 180°, and mooring rings 2 are arranged on the outer sides of the middle and both ends of the semi-circular soil-holding plates 1; the flat plate anchor consists of an anchor plate 3 and an anchor handle 4, an anchor eye 5 is arranged at the end of the anchor handle 4, and a mooring ring 2 is arranged at each of the upper ends of the anchor plate 3; the semi-circular soil-holding plates 1 and the flat plate anchor penetrate into the seabed by relying on a suction bucket foundation 6, and an anchor plate notch and an anchor eye notch matching the flat plate anchor are arranged at the bottom of the bucket foundation 6. During construction, after the flat plate anchor is clamped into the corresponding notch at the bottom of the bucket foundation 6 and fixed, the mooring rings 2 of adjacent semi-circular soil-holding plates 1 are bound by a subsequent releasable rope, and the pair of semi-circular soil-holding plates 1 are assembled into a circle around the bucket foundation 6. The mooring rings 2 in the middle of the semi-circular soil-holding plates 1 on the same side and the mooring rings 2 on the anchor plate 3 are fixedly connected by a steel cable 7, and one end of an anchor chain 8 is moored on the anchor eye 5. After the semi-circular soil-holding plates 1 and the flat plate anchor are penetrated into the seabed design depth by relying on the bucket foundation 6 and the bucket foundation 6 is removed, the anchor plate 3 rotates by applying a tensile force to the anchor chain 8, the rope between the pair of semi-circular soil-holding plates 1 is released and broken, and each semi-circular soil-holding plate 1 restrains and constrains the anchor plate 3 through the steel cable 7. When the tensile force applied to the anchor chain 8 reaches the design value, the construction ends, thus forming a flat plate anchor device with semi-circular soil-holding plates.

[0029] The above-mentioned orientation words such as "outer side", "middle part", "bottom", and "periphery" are determined based on the attitude of the flat plate anchor during construction. For example Figures 5 to 8 shown. The orientation words mentioned elsewhere in the specification are also deduced based on this attitude. The above orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of description and simplification of the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, structure, and operation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0030] The semi-circular soil-holding plate 1 is a circular arc steel plate with a radian of 180°. Mooring rings 2 are arranged in the middle and at both ends of the outer side of the semi-circular soil-holding plate 1. The arc diameter of the concave surface of the semi-circular soil-holding plate 1 is larger than the outer diameter of the bucket foundation 6. For example Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown.

[0031] The flat plate anchor consists of an anchor plate 3 and an anchor handle 4. An anchor eye 5 is arranged at the end of the anchor handle 4, and a mooring ring 2 is arranged at each of the upper ends of the anchor plate 3; the distance between the two mooring rings 2 on the anchor plate 3 of the flat plate anchor is larger than the outer diameter of the bucket foundation 6. For example Figure 4 shown. The flat plate anchor mentioned is basically the same as the traditional configuration, except that no wing plate is provided. Generally, the anchor plate 3 is rectangular, its long side is larger than the outer diameter of the bucket foundation 6, and mooring rings 2 are arranged at both ends of the upper long side.

[0032] Assemble the paired semi-circular soil retaining plates 1 on the periphery of the bucket foundation 6 by binding the mooring rings 2 of adjacent semi-circular soil retaining plates 1 with a subsequently releasable rope to form a circle, as Figure 5 shown. During the sinking process, the area in the plumb direction is the cross-sectional area of the circular fixing plate, and this area is very small, so the resistance generated by the soil to it is very small. Therefore, the addition of the semi-circular soil retaining plates has very little impact on the sinking resistance of the entire device, and there is basically no difference from the construction of traditional flat anchors.

[0033] The "subsequently releasable rope" mentioned above means that its strength should at least meet the requirement of fixing adjacent semi-circular soil retaining plates 1 during the sinking process, so that adjacent semi-circular soil retaining plates 1 will not become loose or separated during the sinking process, making the construction impossible; however, its strength should not be too large, otherwise it is likely to be broken during the subsequent use of the mooring foundation, so that adjacent semi-circular soil retaining plates 1 are in a state of mutual separation and do not affect each other. Since the construction of the flat anchor mentioned generally takes less than 24 hours, a rope whose strength drops sharply after being immersed in water for more than 24 hours can be selected as the "subsequently releasable rope".

[0034] The bucket foundation is also called a suction pile, which is an inverted large-diameter steel cylinder with an open bottom and a closed top. During installation, first, rely on the self-weight of the cylinder to partially insert it into the soil in the predetermined sea area to form a sealed space, and then pump out the gas and liquid between the cylinder and the soil, so as to form a pressure difference inside and outside the cylinder, and gradually press it into the predetermined depth in the seabed to complete the installation. The flat anchor is pressed into the seabed to the design depth by relying on the sinking action of the suction bucket foundation. When installing the flat anchor relying on the bucket foundation, it is necessary to carry out certain processing and transformation on the bottom of the bucket foundation so that the bucket foundation can clamp and fix the flat anchor.

[0035] The semi-circular soil retaining plate 1 is connected to the anchor plate 3 by a high-strength steel cable 7. The steel cable 7 is a flexible material, which can only transmit tension and will not generate bending moment and shear force, etc. The mooring rings 2 connecting both ends of the steel cable 7 will generate relatively large stress concentration. The strength of each component should meet the requirements of the load under various working conditions and will not buckle and fail under harsh working conditions. Auxiliary measures should be taken to strengthen the design at the stress concentration part to avoid large stress concentration at the connection and buckling and failure.

[0036] The construction process of the present invention is described in detail as follows:

[0037] 1. Assemble the semi-circular soil retaining plates and the flat anchor;

[0038] Assemble a pair of semi-circular soil-holding plates 1 into a circle around the periphery of the bucket foundation 6 by binding the mooring rings 2 of adjacent semi-circular soil-holding plates 1 with a subsequently releasable rope. Insert the flat anchor into the corresponding notch at the bottom of the bucket foundation 6 and fix it. Fix the mooring rings 2 of the semi-circular soil-holding plates 1 on the same side to the mooring rings 2 on the anchor plate 3 with a steel cable 7, as Figure 5 shown.

[0039] 2. The bucket foundation sinks by its own weight and contacts the seabed;

[0040] Fasten one end of the anchor chain 8 to the anchor eye 5. Connect a construction rope 9 to the bucket foundation 6. Lift the bucket foundation 6 based on the construction rope 9 so that it enters the sea water and is in a plumb state. Gradually lower the bucket foundation 6 so that it sinks under its own weight and contacts the seabed and is pressed into the seabed to a certain depth, as Figure 6 shown.

[0041] Generally, the depth that the bucket foundation 6 is pressed into the seabed under its own weight should be greater than the height of the bottom notch, so that the bottom of the bucket foundation 6 is sealed by the seabed soil mass, and a closed space is formed inside it, providing necessary conditions for subsequent air extraction to form negative pressure.

[0042] 3. Extract negative pressure to penetrate the bucket foundation into the seabed to the design depth;

[0043] An inlet / outlet (air) valve is provided at the top of the bucket foundation 6. Fix the connecting pipe to the inlet / outlet (air) valve. Extract the air inside the bucket foundation through the connecting pipe to form an internal and external pressure difference, so as to penetrate the bucket foundation into the seabed soil mass. Finally, the semi-circular soil-holding plates 1 at the bottom of the bucket foundation and the flat anchor are pressed into the seabed soil mass to the design depth, as Figure 7 shown.

[0044] 4. Remove the bucket foundation;

[0045] After the flat anchor is pressed into the seabed to the design depth, inflate the inside of the bucket foundation 6 through the connecting pipe to make the bucket foundation 6 gradually float. Finally, lift and remove the bucket foundation. After the bucket foundation is removed, only the semi-circular soil-holding plates 1 and the flat anchor remain in the seabed soil mass, as Figure 8 shown.

[0046] To facilitate the separation of the bucket foundation from the semi-circular soil-holding plates, lubricant can be applied to the inner side of the semi-circular soil-holding plates 1.

[0047] 5. Tension the anchor chain to rotate the anchor plate to meet the design requirements;

[0048] Apply a tensile force to the anchor chain 8 to make the anchor plate 3 rotate. During the rotation of the anchor plate 3, the semi-circular soil-holding plates 1 restrain and restrict the anchor plate 3 through the steel cable 7 until the anchor plate 3 is close to perpendicular to the anchor chain 8 or the applied tensile force reaches the design value, and the construction is completed.

[0049] After the semi-circular soil pocket plate and the flat plate anchor are sunk to the design depth, the anchor plate is rotated by applying tension to the anchor chain. During the rotation of the anchor plate, the semi-circular soil pocket plate restrains and constrains the anchor plate through the steel cable, effectively reducing the burial depth loss generated during the rotation of the anchor plate.

[0050] When the flat plate anchor moves during use, the external load is transmitted to the semi-circular soil pocket plate through the steel cable, and the position of the semi-circular soil pocket plate also changes accordingly. Eventually, the semi-circular soil pocket plate can hold a larger seabed soil mass along the direction of the steel cable, thereby greatly improving the uplift bearing capacity of the flat plate anchor.

[0051] The uplift bearing capacity of the flat plate anchor consists of the frictional force between the anchor plate, the semi-circular soil pocket plate and the soil, and the gravity of the seabed soil mass held by the anchor plate and the semi-circular soil pocket plate. Since the semi-circular soil pocket plate can hold a larger seabed soil mass along the direction of the steel cable, the proposed foundation has a greater uplift bearing capacity compared with the traditional flat plate anchor.

[0052] Figure 9 A possible working state diagram of the present invention is given.

[0053] The strength of each component and the connection part should meet the rotation and use requirements of the anchor plate, so that it does not buckle and fail under harsh working conditions.

[0054] The overall structure of the present invention is simple, easy to manufacture, and has a low cost, and can provide a large mooring force for offshore floating platforms, seawater aquaculture cages, etc.

[0055] Only the situation of a pair of semi-circular soil pocket plates is shown in the attached drawings. According to the proposed idea, the shape and connection method of the soil pocket plate can be changed to form other types of flat plate anchors with soil pocket plates, which all belong to the equivalent modifications and changes of this technology and will not be elaborated here.

[0056] The attached drawings are only for illustrative purposes and cannot be construed as a limitation of this patent; in order to better illustrate this embodiment, some components in the attached drawings will be omitted, enlarged or reduced, which do not represent the dimensions of the actual product; for those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the attached drawings may be omitted; the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components; the terms describing the positional relationship in the attached drawings are only for illustrative purposes and cannot be construed as a limitation of this patent.

[0057] The present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. Based on the above content, according to the common general knowledge and conventional means in the art, without departing from the above basic technical idea of the present invention, the present invention can also make other various forms of equivalent modifications, substitutions or changes, all of which fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flat plate anchor device with semi-circular soil-retaining plates, characterized in that, it includes a flat plate anchor and paired semi-circular soil-retaining plates with a semi-circular cross-section. The flat plate anchor consists of an anchor plate and an anchor handle. An anchor eye is provided at the end of the anchor handle, and a mooring ring is provided at each of the upper ends of both sides of the anchor plate; mooring rings are provided in the middle and at the outer sides of both ends of the outer wall of each semi-circular soil-retaining plate. The mooring rings in the middle of the outer walls of the two semi-circular soil-retaining plates are respectively connected to one of the mooring rings on the upper part of the anchor plate by steel cables; when the two semi-circular soil-retaining plates work, they are assembled relatively into a cylindrical shape and sleeved on the outer wall of the suction bucket foundation. An anchor plate notch and an anchor eye notch matching the flat plate anchor are provided at the bottom of the bucket foundation. The flat plate anchor is clamped into the corresponding notch at the bottom of the bucket foundation for fixation. The anchor eye of the flat plate anchor protrudes from the bucket foundation and an anchor chain is installed. After the semi-circular soil-retaining plates and the flat plate anchor are penetrated into the designed depth of the seabed by relying on the bucket foundation, they are removed. After removal, a tensile force is applied to the anchor chain to cause the anchor plate to rotate, and the paired semi-circular soil-retaining plates are unbound and separated and embedded into the seabed; the distance between the two mooring rings on the anchor plate of the flat plate anchor is greater than the outer diameter of the bucket foundation; the two semi-circular soil-retaining plates are placed opposite to each other, and the mooring rings at the corresponding positions of the two semi-circular soil-retaining plates are bound and assembled into a cylindrical shape by a detachable rope.

2. The flat plate anchor device with semi-circular soil-retaining plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: the semi-circular soil-retaining plate is processed into a semi-cylindrical shape by using a circular arc steel plate with a radian equal to 180°, and the diameter of the concave arc is greater than the outer diameter of the bucket foundation.

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