Dynamic vibration absorber for rail and preparation method thereof

Abstract

A dynamic vibration absorber for a rail and a preparation method thereof, the vibration absorber comprising dynamic vibration absorbers arranged on both sides of the rail, the dynamic vibration absorber comprising a first mass unit, a second mass unit and a third mass unit, the first mass unit and the second mass unit being located above the third mass unit, the first mass unit being located on a side away from the rail waist, the second mass unit being located on a side close to the rail waist, the third mass unit being located on a side close to the rail bottom, the first mass unit, the second mass unit and the third mass unit being vulcanized into one through a viscoelastic unit; therefore, the present invention optimizes the resonance frequency, improves the transfer rate of vibration energy from the rail to the dynamic vibration absorber, and enhances the energy dissipation capacity through the structural setting and parameter optimization design between each mass unit and the viscoelastic unit, and also has the advantages of simple preparation and installation process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rail transportation, and in particular to a dynamic vibration absorber for rails and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Vibration propagates in the medium in the form of waves. For example, when a structure vibrates, a surface wave is generated on the free surface of the structure, the amplitude of which decays with the depth from the surface. However, the waveform of the surface vibration has a certain regularity, which manifests itself macroscopically as the undulating characteristics of a curved surface with certain geometric parameters, that is, the vibration wave undulates in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the structure and propagates forward.

[0003] Among the track vibration and noise reduction measures, the traditional way to effectively reduce the vibration impact of trains on buildings along the line is to reduce the natural frequency of the track structure. Among them, increasing the mass of the track or reducing the stiffness can reduce the natural frequency of the track structure. However, increasing the mass of the track structure will be limited by the tunnel space and construction cost; reducing the stiffness can make the natural frequency of the track structure very low, and at the same time will greatly increase the displacement of the rails, greatly increasing the safety hazard of train operation. Therefore, it is impossible to effectively reduce the vibration of the track system through these two forms. In the track system, the vibration is transmitted to the fasteners, the roadbed and the foundation in turn through the rails. Therefore, it is very beneficial and effective to take corresponding vibration reduction measures for the rails. The elastic wave components of the rail vibration caused by wheel-rail coupling are complex. It is a complex vibration system with multiple degrees of freedom. However, due to the unique I-beam structure of the rail, its surface at the rail waist and rail bottom is relatively large and the surface is relatively flat. The surface wave characteristics of different frequency components are basically the same.

[0004] It is of positive significance to use dynamic vibration absorbers to reduce the vibration of rails. Dynamic vibration absorbers refer to devices that use a resonance system to absorb the vibration energy of an object to reduce the vibration of the object. Dynamic vibration absorbers are generally composed of "mass-spring-damper" units. The principle is that when the resonance frequency of the system composed of "mass-spring" is consistent with the required control frequency, the reaction force generated by this additional system at resonance can reduce the vibration of the vibrating object, and the "damping" unit converts the absorbed vibration energy into heat energy. Therefore, it is of great significance to increase the degree of freedom of the vibration absorber and improve the damping performance. Since the resonance frequency of the dynamic vibration absorber is Therefore, different resonant frequencies can be obtained by setting different mass units and elastic units, but using too large a mass will increase production costs, because the frequency modulation brought by mass is not as economically efficient as the one brought by stiffness. In terms of damping, the main methods for increasing damping include improving the damping characteristics of the viscoelastic material itself and increasing the composite interface between the viscoelastic material and the mass unit.

[0005] At present, there have been many studies on dynamic vibration absorbers in the field of rail engineering at home and abroad. For dynamic vibration absorbers, from the combination method, there are one-piece structures (i.e. vulcanized into one body) and multi-body structures (combination of multiple structures); from the degree of freedom factor, it can be divided into single-degree-of-freedom dynamic vibration absorbers and multi-degree-of-freedom dynamic vibration absorbers; from the perspective of damping materials, it can be divided into "mass-viscoelastic material" dynamic vibration absorbers, "mass-particle damping material" dynamic vibration absorbers, etc. Generally speaking, the most common on the market is the multi-degree-of-freedom "mass-viscoelastic material" dynamic vibration absorber.

[0006] For multi-degree-of-freedom "mass-viscoelastic material" dynamic vibration absorbers, the common problems are:

[0007] 1) There are many parts in the non-integrated structure, and the installation and construction are complicated. The composition relationship between the units inside the integrated structure is monotonous, which is only a simple superposition or other patchwork of mass units. In addition, the mass units in some dynamic vibration absorbers have a single shape and poor vibration absorption effect;

[0008] 2) The elastic unit of the viscoelastic material in the integrated structure is single, which limits the vibration characteristics of each mass unit in the resonance process in different frequency bands to a certain extent; it fails to make full use of the different viscoelastic properties between the viscoelastic materials to increase the system damping, thereby further reducing the vibration and acoustic radiation of the rail;

[0009] 3) The propagation characteristics of surface waves on the rail waist and rail bottom were not considered, so as to design the corresponding characteristic parameters according to the characteristics, thereby transferring a large amount of rail vibration to the dynamic vibration absorber;

[0010] 4) For the resonance peak of some low-frequency bands, the conventional method is to increase the mass of the dynamic vibration absorber, but too much mass leads to increased costs and complexity in the manufacturing and installation process. The existing dynamic vibration absorber does not use the secondary stiffness method to adjust the resonance frequency to a low frequency;

[0011] 5) The structural damping factor between the viscoelastic damping material and the mass unit has not been fully designed or utilized, especially the composite interface between the viscoelastic material and the mass unit is improved to improve the shear damping characteristics, so as to effectively improve the energy loss capacity of the dynamic vibration absorber;

[0012] 6) There is no pit at the place where the conventional clamp acts on the dynamic vibration absorber, so that the clamp is easy to shift or fall off during long-term clamping, resulting in failure of the clamping effect;

[0013] 7) Some non-enclosed structures are prone to water and dust accumulation, especially in outdoor environments, which accelerates the aging of the elastic units in the dynamic vibration absorbers and reduces their service life.

[0014] 8) The structure, preparation and installation methods of the dynamic vibration absorber are complicated, which is not conducive to improving construction efficiency.

[0015] To this end, in view of the above-mentioned defects, the designers of the present invention have devoted themselves to research and design, and combined the experience and achievements of many years in related industries to research and design a dynamic vibration absorber for rails and a preparation method thereof to overcome the above-mentioned defects. Summary of the invention

[0016] The object of the present invention is to provide a dynamic vibration absorber for rails and a preparation method thereof, which has a simple structure and is convenient to operate and maintain, can effectively solve the problems of the prior art, improve the energy absorption efficiency of the dynamic vibration absorber, can effectively increase the life of the product, reduce the cost and production difficulty caused by increasing excessive mass, and effectively reduce the vibration and radiation noise of the rails in a specific frequency band.

[0017] To achieve the above object, the present invention discloses a dynamic vibration absorber for rails, including dynamic vibration absorbers arranged on both sides of the rails, characterized in that:

[0018] The dynamic vibration absorber is arranged in contact with both sides of the waist of the rail and is located between the rail head and the rail bottom of the rail. The dynamic vibration absorber includes a first mass unit, a second mass unit and a third mass unit. The first mass unit and the second mass unit are located above the third mass unit. The first mass unit, the second mass unit and the third mass unit are in an inverted T-shaped structure as a whole. The first mass unit is located on the side of the dynamic vibration absorber away from the waist of the rail, the second mass unit is located on the side of the dynamic vibration absorber close to the waist of the rail, and the third mass unit is located on the side of the dynamic vibration absorber close to the upper surface of the rail bottom of the rail. The first mass unit, the second mass unit and the third mass unit are vulcanized into one by a viscoelastic unit.

[0019] Wherein: the upper surface of the third mass unit is recessed downward to form an arc-shaped recessed portion, the lower surfaces of the first mass unit and the second mass unit are both convex downward to form arc-shaped convex portions, and the arc shape of the convex portions of the first mass unit and the second mass unit corresponds to the arc shape of the recessed portion, and the convex portions at the lower ends of the first mass unit and the second mass unit are at least partially accommodated in the recessed portion.

[0020] Wherein: the adjacent surfaces of the first mass unit and the second mass unit are plugged together in a concave-convex complementary manner.

[0021] Wherein: the two adjacent surfaces of the first mass unit and the second mass unit are complementary in concave and convex and present an undulating curved surface or have vertical but staggered convex teeth.

[0022] Wherein: the surface of one side of the second mass unit close to the rail waist is a curved undulating structure, and the surface of one side of the third mass unit close to the rail bottom of the rail is also another curved undulating structure.

[0023] Wherein: the curved undulating structure of the second mass unit close to the rail waist is a wavy undulating curved surface structure, the other curved undulating structure of the third mass unit close to the rail bottom is another wavy undulating curved surface structure, the wavy undulating curved surface structure of the second mass unit is a wavy shape extending along the longitudinal direction of the rail, and the other wavy undulating curved surface structure of the third mass unit is a wavy shape undulating along the longitudinal direction of the rail.

[0024] Wherein: a first gap is formed between adjacent surfaces of the first mass unit and the second mass unit, a first viscoelastic unit is filled in the first gap, and the first mass unit and the second mass unit are vulcanized together through the first viscoelastic unit, a second gap is formed between the lower surfaces of the first mass unit and the second mass unit and the upper surface of the third mass unit, a second viscoelastic unit is filled in the second gap, and finally the lower surfaces of the first mass unit and the second mass unit and the upper surface of the third mass unit are vulcanized together through the second viscoelastic unit, a third viscoelastic unit is coated around the periphery of the first mass unit, the second mass unit and the third mass unit, and the third viscoelastic unit finally completely surrounds the first mass unit, the second mass unit and the third mass unit and vulcanizes them into one.

[0025] Wherein: a mounting and positioning portion is arranged on a side of the dynamic vibration absorber away from the rail waist, the mounting and positioning portion is a pit for positioning and fixing a clamp, the clamp has a base and a clamp arm, and the clamp arm is rotatably arranged at both ends of the base.

[0026] Also disclosed is a method for preparing a dynamic vibration absorber, which is used to prepare the above-mentioned dynamic vibration absorber and is characterized in that it includes the steps of:

[0027] Step 1, installing the first mass unit and the second mass unit in a mold respectively, positioning and fixing them, and then filling a low-rigidity viscoelastic material between two adjacent surfaces of the first mass unit and the second mass unit to form the first viscoelastic unit;

[0028] Step 2, then installing the third mass unit in the mold, positioning and fixing it, and filling a low-rigidity viscoelastic material between the lower surfaces of the first mass unit and the second mass unit and the upper surface of the third mass unit to form the second viscoelastic unit;

[0029] Step 3, filling a high-rigidity viscoelastic material between the first mass unit, the second mass unit, the third mass unit and the mold to form the third viscoelastic unit;

[0030] Step 4, close the mold, remove the mold after vulcanization and cure, and take out the finished dynamic vibration absorber.

[0031] From the above content, it can be seen that the dynamic vibration absorber for rail and the preparation method thereof of the present invention have the following effects:

[0032] 1. The dynamic vibration absorption structure is formed by "mass unit-viscoelastic unit". The overall structure fully considers the surface wave propagation characteristics and structural vibration radiation characteristics of the rail waist and the upper surface of the rail bottom along the longitudinal direction of the rail (i.e. the direction of train travel), thereby effectively improving the transfer rate of vibration energy from the rail to the dynamic vibration absorber, and ultimately improving the energy absorption efficiency of the dynamic vibration absorber.

[0033] 2. The operating frequency of the vibration absorber is proportional to the inverse of the square root of the mass, and can form multiple resonant operating frequencies.

[0034] 3. The operating frequency of the vibration absorber is proportional to the square root of the stiffness. Optimizing the stiffness of each viscoelastic unit can also form multiple operating frequencies. For example, the frequency modulation effect of the low-frequency stage is equal to the effect of doubling the mass by adopting the form of two stages of the same stiffness in series, thereby reducing the cost and manufacturing difficulty caused by adding too much mass.

[0035] 4. Through the complementary and mutually interlocking matching structure of the first mass unit and the second mass unit, the composite surface of the viscoelastic material and the mass unit is fully increased on the basis of utilizing the damping characteristics of the material, that is, the shear surface structural damping is increased, the damping performance is improved, the attenuation rate of the vibration energy inside the dynamic vibration absorber is increased, and the vibration and radiation noise of the rail in a specific frequency band are effectively reduced.

[0036] 5. It contains a variety of viscoelastic units with different stiffness. The difference between the stiffness will further improve the damping performance of the overall structure.

[0037] 6. The main function of the arc structure between the contact surfaces of the first mass unit, the second mass unit and the third mass unit during the manufacturing process is to prevent excessive penetration of internal and external viscoelastic materials with different stiffnesses into each other, so as to avoid the failure to successfully produce differentiated stiffness structural forms.

[0038] 7. The finished product of the dynamic vibration absorber is a vulcanized integrated structure. The integrated structure is convenient for construction and does not affect the original infrastructure of rail transit. It is easy to maintain and at the same time avoids the damage of rain, sun, etc. to the internal viscoelastic unit and mass unit, making it difficult for water and dust to accumulate inside the dynamic vibration absorber, which can effectively improve the life of the product.

[0039] 8. The preparation and installation process is simple and easy to operate, which can effectively improve the construction efficiency of the dynamic vibration absorber.

[0040] The details of the present invention can be obtained from the following description and the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 The figure shows a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the dynamic vibration absorber and the rail in the first embodiment of the dynamic vibration absorber for the rail of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 The figure shows a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the dynamic vibration absorber and the rail in Example 1 of the present invention (after removing the third viscoelastic unit at the end of the dynamic vibration absorber).

[0043] Figure 3 The front view of the assembly structure of the dynamic vibration absorber and the rail in Example 1 of the present invention is shown (after removing the third viscoelastic unit at the end of the dynamic vibration absorber).

[0044] Figure 4 Shows Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the AA section.

[0045] Figure 5 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the dynamic vibration absorber and the rail in Example 2 of the present invention is shown (after removing the third viscoelastic unit at the end of the dynamic vibration absorber).

[0046] Figure 6 The front view of the assembly structure of the dynamic vibration absorber and the rail according to the second embodiment of the present invention is shown (after the third viscoelastic unit at the end of the dynamic vibration absorber is removed).

[0047] Figure 7 A first structural schematic diagram of the dynamic vibration absorber of the present invention is shown.

[0048] Figure 8 A first structural schematic diagram of the dynamic vibration absorber of the present invention is shown (after removing the third viscoelastic unit).

[0049] Fig. 9 A second structural schematic diagram of the dynamic vibration absorber of the present invention is shown.

[0050] Fig.10A second structural schematic diagram of the dynamic vibration absorber of the present invention is shown (after removing the third viscoelastic unit).

[0051] Fig.11 The schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the dynamic vibration absorber, rail and clamp of the present invention is shown.

[0052] Reference numerals:

[0053] 1-dynamic vibration absorber, 11-first mass unit, 12-second mass unit, 13-third mass unit, 14-first viscoelastic unit, 15-second viscoelastic unit, 16-third viscoelastic unit, 17-installation positioning part, 2-rail, 21-rail head, 22-rail waist, 23-rail bottom, 3-clamp, 31-clamp arm, 32-base.

[0054] Through the above-mentioned description of the accompanying drawings, combined with the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention can be more clearly understood and explained. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it, but the scope of protection claimed in the present invention is not limited to the scope described in the specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

[0056] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, an embodiment 1 of the dynamic vibration absorber for rail of the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, the dynamic vibration absorber for rail includes a dynamic vibration absorber 1 arranged on both sides of the rail 2, the dynamic vibration absorber 1 is arranged in contact with both sides of the rail waist 22 of the rail 2, and is located between the rail head 21 and the rail bottom 23 of the rail 2, the dynamic vibration absorber 1 includes a first mass unit 11, a second mass unit 12 and a third mass unit 13, the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 are located above the third mass unit 13, the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 are located at substantially the same height, so that the first mass unit 11, the second mass unit 12 and the third mass unit 13 are in an inverted T-shaped structure as a whole, and the first mass unit 11, the second mass unit 12 and the third mass unit 13 are preferably vulcanized into one through a viscoelastic unit.

[0057] Further, the first mass unit 11 is located on a side of the dynamic vibration absorber 1 away from the waist 22 of the rail 2, the second mass unit 12 is located on a side of the dynamic vibration absorber 1 close to the waist 22 of the rail 2, and the third mass unit 13 is located on a side of the dynamic vibration absorber 1 close to the bottom 23 of the rail 2. That is, the third mass unit 13 is located on the upper side of the bottom 23 of the rail 2, and the second mass unit 12 is arranged in contact with the waist 22 of the rail 2.

[0058] Furthermore, the upper surface of the third mass unit 13 is a concave portion that is concave downward to form an arc-shaped concave portion, and the lower surfaces of the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 are both convex downward to form an arc-shaped convex portion, and the arc shape of the convex portion of the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 corresponds to the arc shape of the concave portion, and the convex portion at the lower end of the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 is at least partially accommodated in the concave portion. Preferably, there is an arc-shaped gap structure between the contact surfaces of the first mass unit 11, the second mass unit 12 and the third mass unit 13, and the arc-shaped gap structure can avoid excessive flow between the internal and external viscoelastic materials with different stiffnesses during the manufacturing process, and further, the adjacent surfaces of the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 are plugged together in a concave-convex complementary manner.

[0059] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the two adjacent surfaces of the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 are complementary in concave and convex and are in a curved undulating shape, and the adjacent surfaces of the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 are complementary in concave and convex and are inserted together. This matching structure can fully increase the composite surface between the viscoelastic material and the mass unit, that is, greatly increase the shear-type structural damping and improve the damping performance.

[0060] Furthermore, the surface of the second mass unit 12 on one side close to the rail waist 22 is a curved undulating structure (see Figure 2 and Figure 3 ), a side surface of the third mass unit 13 close to the rail bottom 23 of the rail 2 is also another curved undulating structure.

[0061] Preferably, the curved undulating structure of the second mass unit 12 close to the rail waist 22 is a wave-like undulating curved surface structure, and another curved undulating structure of the third mass unit 13 close to the rail bottom 23 is another wave-like undulating curved surface structure.

[0062] Specifically, as some embodiments of the present application, the wavy undulating curved surface structure of the second mass unit 12 is a wave-like structure extending longitudinally along the rail 2 (i.e., a straight line formed by connecting each crest and / or each trough of the wave is parallel to the direction of travel of the train, such as Figure 7 and8 The other wavy undulating curved surface structure of the third mass unit 13 is a wavy undulating surface structure vertically undulating along the rail 2 (i.e., the straight line formed by the wave crests and / or the wave troughs is perpendicular to the direction of the train travel, such as Fig. 9 and 10 direction shown).

[0063] The dynamic vibration absorber 1 of the present application can effectively broaden the overall operating frequency of the dynamic vibration absorber 1 on the basis of multiple degrees of freedom by optimizing the design of the mass ratio of each mass unit.

[0064] Furthermore, the two adjacent surfaces of the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 are complementary in concave and convex and are inserted together at equal intervals, forming a first gap between the adjacent surfaces of the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12, filling the first gap with the first viscoelastic unit 14, and vulcanizing the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 together through the first viscoelastic unit 14.

[0065] Furthermore, a second gap is formed between the lower surfaces of the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 and the upper surface of the third mass unit 13, and a second viscoelastic unit 15 is filled in the second gap, and finally the lower surfaces of the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 and the upper surface of the third mass unit 13 are vulcanized together through the second viscoelastic unit 15.

[0066] Furthermore, a third viscoelastic unit 16 is coated around the first mass unit 11 , the second mass unit 12 and the third mass unit 13 , and the viscoelastic unit eventually completely surrounds the first mass unit 11 , the second mass unit 12 and the third mass unit 13 and vulcanizes them into one.

[0067] Preferably, the third viscoelastic unit 16 is made of a high-rigidity viscoelastic material, and the first viscoelastic unit 14 and the second viscoelastic unit 15 are made of a low-rigidity viscoelastic material, so that after vulcanization, the stiffness of the third viscoelastic unit 16 is greater than the stiffness of the first viscoelastic unit 14 and the second viscoelastic unit 15.

[0068] More preferably, the first viscoelastic unit 14 and the second viscoelastic unit 15 can be made of viscoelastic materials with different stiffness.

[0069] Therefore, the dynamic vibration absorber 1 described in the present application includes a plurality of viscoelastic units, and the stiffness of each viscoelastic unit is not exactly the same. By setting differentiated viscoelastic unit stiffnesses and combining the mass of the optimized mass unit, the overall operating frequency of the dynamic vibration absorber 1 can be effectively expanded. At the same time, the different stiffnesses of each viscoelastic unit can increase the travel space of each mass unit during the resonance process, further promoting damping energy consumption.

[0070] Generally, the damping energy dissipation principle is to utilize the internal mesh structure of the viscoelastic material and its molecular chain ends to deform when subjected to stress, thereby consuming mechanical energy and converting energy into a form of heat energy. The magnitude of the damping will determine the amount of energy consumed. Damping includes material self-damping and structural damping. The dynamic vibration absorber 1 described in the present application makes full use of the damping properties of different types of viscoelastic materials and utilizes the structural damping properties between the optimized viscoelastic unit and the mass unit, thereby increasing the vibration attenuation rate of the rail 2 and effectively reducing the vibration and radiation noise of the rail 2 in a specific frequency band.

[0071] Different materials have a certain degree of influence on the propagation law of elastic waves. At the same time, when the interface shape is different, the reflection and refraction of the elastic waves are also different. Therefore, different materials and different interfaces are designed to change the transmission path of the elastic waves, especially the arc structure between the first, second mass units and the third mass unit, which transfers the orbital vibration energy to the dynamic vibration absorber and no longer transmits it to the outside world.

[0072] In summary, in this application, the dynamic vibration absorber is a dynamic vibration absorbing structure composed of "mass unit-viscoelastic unit": when the vibration of certain frequency bands of the rail is large, a specially designed dynamic vibration absorber can be used to reduce the excessive vibration of the rail in certain frequency bands. The dynamic vibration absorber itself is a simple spring-mass system, which constitutes its own natural frequency. When the natural frequency of the dynamic vibration absorber is designed and its natural frequency is linked to the natural frequency of the system to be treated, the purpose of vibration absorption and vibration reduction can be achieved.

[0073] The overall structure of the dynamic vibration absorber described in the present application is structurally optimized and designed for the vibrations perpendicular to the waist and upper surface of the rail bottom of the rail along the longitudinal direction of the rail, and the surface wave propagation characteristics of the waist and upper surface of the rail bottom of the rail are fully considered. In particular, the position and structure of each mass unit are designed accordingly based on the propagation characteristics of the elastic wave on the surface of the rail, which effectively improves the transfer rate of the rail vibration energy to be controlled from the rail to the dynamic vibration absorber, thereby comprehensively improving the energy absorption efficiency of the dynamic vibration absorber.

[0074] Specifically, in the present application, considering that the upper and lower surfaces of the waist 22 and the bottom 23 of the rail 2 are exposed to the outside world in the largest area, and are the areas that radiate the most noise to the outside world, and at the same time, due to the particularity of track operation, the top 21 of the rail 2 cannot be used to place anything, and there is insufficient installation space on the lower surface of the bottom 23 to install corresponding devices, the vibration absorber 1 described in the present application mainly performs vibration reduction and noise reduction along the longitudinal direction of the rail for the vibrations of the waist 22 of the rail 2 and perpendicular to the upper surface of the bottom 23 of the rail.

[0075] like Figures 5-6 As shown, embodiment 2 of the dynamic vibration absorber for rail of the present invention is shown, a dynamic vibration absorber for rail, comprising a dynamic vibration absorber 1 arranged on one side of the rail 2, the dynamic vibration absorber 1 comprising a first mass unit 11, a second mass unit 12 and a third mass unit 13, the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 are located above the third mass unit 13, the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 are located at substantially the same height, so that the first mass unit 11, the second mass unit 12 and the third mass unit 13 are in an inverted T-shaped structure as a whole.

[0076] Furthermore, the adjacent surfaces of the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 both have convex teeth that are vertically but staggeredly arranged, that is, the adjacent surfaces of the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 have convex teeth, and the convex teeth are arranged on the adjacent surfaces of the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 in an interlaced manner, so that the adjacent surfaces of the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 can be bitten together through the convex teeth.

[0077] Furthermore, the dynamic vibration absorber 1 is provided with a mounting and positioning portion 17 on a side away from the rail waist 22, and the mounting and positioning portion 17 is a pit formed on the surface of the third viscoelastic unit (see Fig. 9 ), the installation and positioning portion 17 is used to position and fix the clamp 3. The clamp 3 has a base 32 and a clamp arm 31, and the clamp arm 31 is rotatably arranged at both ends of the base 32. Fig.11 As shown, during installation, the dynamic vibration absorber 1 is closely fitted with the upper surface of the rail waist 22 and the rail bottom 23 of the rail 2, the base 32 is passed from the bottom of the rail 2, and then the two clamping arms 31 of the clamp 3 are rotated so that the ends of the clamping arms 31 are clamped in the installation positioning portion 17. The installation of the dynamic vibration absorber 1 of the present application is quick and simple, and it is easy for the installation workers to quickly master the installation method and achieve high-efficiency installation.

[0078] Preferably, the recess of the installation positioning portion 17 is of an asymmetric shape, which can prevent the clamp 3 from being offset during use and affecting the stability of the dynamic vibration absorber 1 during installation and use.

[0079] As some embodiments of the present application, the installation positioning portion 17 may be spoon-shaped.

[0080] The other structures of the dynamic vibration absorber 1 described in this embodiment are also described in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0081] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a dynamic vibration absorber, and the method is used to prepare the dynamic vibration absorber 1 mentioned above.

[0082] Specifically, the dynamic vibration absorber 1 is prepared by an integrated molding method, and the preparation method mainly includes the following steps:

[0083] Step 1, installing the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 in a mold respectively, positioning and fixing them, and then filling a low-rigidity viscoelastic material between two adjacent surfaces of the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 to form the first viscoelastic unit 14;

[0084] Step 2, then installing the third mass unit 13 in the mold, positioning and fixing it, and filling a low-rigidity viscoelastic material between the lower surfaces of the first mass unit 11 and the second mass unit 12 and the upper surface of the third mass unit 13 to form the second viscoelastic unit 15;

[0085] Step 3, filling a high-rigidity viscoelastic material between the first mass unit 11, the second mass unit 12, the third mass unit 13 and the mold to form the third viscoelastic unit 16;

[0086] Step 4, close the mold, remove the mold after vulcanization and curing, take out the finished product of the dynamic vibration absorber 1, repair and package it.

[0087] Wherein, a positioning structure for positioning and fixing each mass unit is preset in the mold.

[0088] From the above description of the preparation method of the dynamic vibration absorber 1, it can be known that the finished product of the dynamic vibration absorber 1 is a vulcanized integrated structure, so it has the advantages of convenient construction, no impact on the original infrastructure of rail transit, and easy maintenance. At the same time, it avoids the damage of rain, sun, etc. to the internal elastic unit. The interior of the dynamic vibration absorber 1 is not easy to accumulate water and dust, which can effectively improve the life of the product.

[0089] The present invention also discloses a method for installing a dynamic vibration absorber, and the method is used for installing the dynamic vibration absorber 1 mentioned above.

[0090] Specifically, the installation method of the dynamic vibration absorber 1 comprises the following steps:

[0091] P1, first grind the rail waist and the upper surface of the rail bottom to remove rust, oil or other garbage on the surface;

[0092] P2, secondly, apply adhesive to the surfaces where the rail and the dynamic vibration absorber are in contact with each other;

[0093] P3, align and install the two dynamic vibration absorbers on both sides of the rail, close to the rail waist and the upper surface of the rail bottom, and apply a certain degree of force during the installation process so that the dynamic vibration absorbers are close to the rail;

[0094] P4, finally use the clamp to fix the dynamic vibration absorbers on both sides of the rail, and pay attention to the clamping force during installation;

[0095] P5, check the installation and fixing conditions of the dynamic vibration absorber 1, and adjust the dynamic vibration absorber 1 that is not properly installed.

[0096] It can be seen from the above description of the installation method of the dynamic vibration absorber 1 that the installation process of the dynamic vibration absorber 1 is simple and easy to operate, which can effectively improve the installation efficiency of the dynamic vibration absorber 1.

[0097] It can be seen that the advantages of the present invention are:

[0098] 1. The dynamic vibration absorption structure is formed by "mass unit-viscoelastic unit". The overall structure fully considers the surface wave propagation characteristics and structural vibration radiation characteristics of the rail waist and the upper surface of the rail bottom along the longitudinal direction of the rail (i.e. the direction of train travel). The matching design of the mass unit in the vibration absorber makes the vibration wave geometric characteristics of the rail consistent with the frequency characteristics of each mass unit, thereby effectively improving the transfer rate of vibration energy from the rail to the dynamic vibration absorber, and finally improving the energy absorption efficiency of the dynamic vibration absorber.

[0099] 2. The operating frequency of the vibration absorber is proportional to the inverse of the square root of the mass, and can form multiple resonant operating frequencies.

[0100] 3. The operating frequency of the vibration absorber is proportional to the square root of the stiffness. Optimizing the stiffness of each viscoelastic unit can also form multiple operating frequencies. For example, the frequency modulation effect of the low-frequency stage is equal to the effect of doubling the mass by adopting the form of two stages of the same stiffness in series, thereby reducing the cost and manufacturing difficulty caused by adding too much mass.

[0101] 4. Through the complementary and mutually interlocking matching structure of the first mass unit and the second mass unit, the composite surface of the viscoelastic material and the mass unit is fully increased on the basis of utilizing the damping characteristics of the material, that is, the shear surface structural damping is increased, the damping performance is improved, the attenuation rate of the vibration energy inside the dynamic vibration absorber is increased, and the vibration and radiation noise of the rail in a specific frequency band are effectively reduced.

[0102] 5. It contains a variety of viscoelastic units with different stiffness. The difference between the stiffness will further improve the damping performance of the overall structure.

[0103] 6. The main function of the arc structure between the contact surfaces of the first mass unit, the second mass unit and the third mass unit during the manufacturing process is to avoid excessive penetration of internal and external viscoelastic materials with different stiffness into each other, so as to avoid the failure to successfully produce differentiated stiffness structural forms.

[0104] 7. The finished product of the dynamic vibration absorber is a vulcanized integrated structure. The integrated structure is convenient for construction and does not affect the original infrastructure of rail transit. It is easy to maintain and at the same time avoids the damage of rain, sun, etc. to the internal viscoelastic unit and mass unit, making it difficult for water and dust to accumulate inside the dynamic vibration absorber, which can effectively improve the life of the product.

[0105] 8. The preparation and installation process is simple and easy to operate, which can effectively improve the construction efficiency of the dynamic vibration absorber.

[0106] It is obvious that the above description and record are only examples and are not intended to limit the disclosure, application or use of the present invention. Although the embodiments have been described in the embodiments and described in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the specific examples of the teachings of the present invention as the best mode currently considered by the drawings and described in the embodiments, and the scope of the present invention will include any embodiment falling within the previous description and the attached claims.

Claims

1. A dynamic vibration absorber for a rail, comprising dynamic vibration absorbers arranged on both sides of the rail, characterized in that: The dynamic vibration absorber is arranged in contact with both sides of the waist of the rail and is located between the rail head and the rail bottom of the rail. The dynamic vibration absorber includes a first mass unit, a second mass unit and a third mass unit. The first mass unit and the second mass unit are located above the third mass unit. The first mass unit, the second mass unit and the third mass unit are in an inverted T-shaped structure as a whole. The first mass unit is located on the side of the dynamic vibration absorber away from the waist of the rail, the second mass unit is located on the side of the dynamic vibration absorber close to the waist of the rail, and the third mass unit is located on the side of the dynamic vibration absorber close to the upper surface of the rail bottom of the rail. The first mass unit, the second mass unit and the third mass unit are vulcanized into one by a viscoelastic unit. The adjacent surfaces of the first mass unit and the second mass unit are plugged together in a concave-convex complementary manner, and the two adjacent surfaces of the first mass unit and the second mass unit are in a curved undulating shape or have vertical but staggered convex teeth, thereby increasing the shear surface structural damping, improving the damping performance, and increasing the attenuation rate of the vibration energy inside the dynamic vibration absorber, effectively reducing the vibration and radiation noise of the rail in a specific frequency band; The surface of one side of the second mass unit close to the rail waist is a curved undulating structure, the surface of one side of the third mass unit close to the rail bottom of the rail is also another curved undulating structure, the curved undulating structure of the second mass unit close to the rail waist is a wave-like undulating curved surface structure, the other curved undulating structure of the third mass unit close to the rail bottom is another wave-like undulating curved surface structure, the wave-like undulating curved surface structure of the second mass unit is a wave-like extending along the longitudinal direction of the rail, and the other wave-like undulating curved surface structure of the third mass unit is a wave-like undulating curved surface structure along the longitudinal direction of the rail; A first gap is formed between adjacent surfaces of the first mass unit and the second mass unit, a first viscoelastic unit is filled in the first gap, and the first mass unit and the second mass unit are vulcanized together through the first viscoelastic unit, a second gap is formed between the lower surfaces of the first mass unit and the second mass unit and the upper surface of the third mass unit, a second viscoelastic unit is filled in the second gap, and finally the lower surfaces of the first mass unit and the second mass unit and the upper surface of the third mass unit are vulcanized together through the second viscoelastic unit, a third viscoelastic unit is coated around the periphery of the first mass unit, the second mass unit and the third mass unit, and the third viscoelastic unit finally completely surrounds the first mass unit, the second mass unit and the third mass unit and vulcanizes them into one.

2. The rail dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the third mass unit is recessed downward to form an arc-shaped recessed portion, and the lower surfaces of the first mass unit and the second mass unit are both convex downward to form arc-shaped convex portions, and the arc shape of the convex portions of the first mass unit and the second mass unit corresponds to the arc shape of the recessed portion, and the convex portions at the lower ends of the first mass unit and the second mass unit are at least partially accommodated in the recessed portion.

3. The rail dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mounting and positioning portion is arranged on one side of the dynamic vibration absorber away from the rail waist. The mounting and positioning portion is a pit for positioning and fixing a clamp. The clamp has a base and a clamp arm. The clamp arm is rotatably arranged at both ends of the base.

4. A method for preparing a dynamic vibration absorber, the method being used to prepare the dynamic vibration absorber as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that Steps to include: Step 1, installing the first mass unit and the second mass unit in a mold respectively, positioning and fixing them, and then filling a low-rigidity viscoelastic material between two adjacent surfaces of the first mass unit and the second mass unit to form the first viscoelastic unit; Step 2, then installing the third mass unit in the mold, positioning and fixing it, and filling a low-rigidity viscoelastic material between the lower surfaces of the first mass unit and the second mass unit and the upper surface of the third mass unit to form the second viscoelastic unit; Step 3, filling a high-rigidity viscoelastic material between the first mass unit, the second mass unit, the third mass unit and the mold to form the third viscoelastic unit; Step 4, close the mold, remove the mold after vulcanization and cure, and take out the finished dynamic vibration absorber.

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