Layout methods, layout devices, and layout systems for air-access tunnels

Abstract

This application provides a method, device, and system for arranging access roadways. The method includes: during the mining operation, controlling a tunneling machine to excavate a pre-excavated section of the access roadway in the next working face along the excavation direction, with the excavation direction opposite to the mining direction of the mining operation, and the distance between the excavation face of the pre-excavated section and the mining face of the mining operation in the excavation direction being greater than a predetermined distance; controlling the tunneling machine to excavate a goaf-adjacent section of the access roadway in the next working face in the opposite direction of the excavation direction, until the goaf-adjacent section and the pre-excavated section are connected to form the access roadway, with the distance between the excavation face of the goaf-adjacent section and the mining face of the mining operation in the excavation direction being greater than a predetermined distance, and the support capacity of the support system of the pre-excavated section being stronger than that of the support system of the goaf-adjacent section, thus solving the problem in the prior art of severe roadway damage caused by high stress disturbance from adjacent working faces during mining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel layout technology, and more specifically, to a method, apparatus, computer-readable storage medium, processor, and tunnel layout system for arranging tunnels in open areas. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the main mining method in underground coal mines is longwall mining, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the previous mining face was face A, the current mining face is face B, and the next mining face is face C. Both faces A and B have goaf areas 1, and there is a coal pillar 2 between adjacent faces. The roadway of face C closest to face B is the goaf roadway 3, and the roadway of face C furthest from face B is the solid coal roadway 4. To ensure mine production continuity, the next mining face needs to be arranged before the mining of face B is completed. Therefore, the installation of face C must be completed before the mining of face B ends. Thus, it is necessary to excavate the two roadways of face C during the mining of face B or to complete the excavation of the two roadways of face C before the mining of face B. Neither of these mining schemes can avoid the disturbance of the goaf roadway 3 by the stress of the goaf area during and after the mining of face B. To reduce the degree of disturbance and decrease the deformation of the goaf roadway, the width of the coal pillar needs to be increased. However, increasing the width of the coal pillar will result in a large amount of unrecoverable coal resources, reducing the extraction rate and causing a large amount of coal loss.

[0003] If the width of the coal pillar is not increased, and the mining operation results in a "facing-outward excavation" situation between the tunneling face and the longwall face due to mining imbalance, the exposed roadway will deform excessively due to the high stress disturbance caused by the longwall mining. Such roadways are severely damaged and cannot be used normally, requiring surrounding rock repair. Repair work is intensive, costly, and carries significant safety risks.

[0004] The information disclosed above in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background art of the art described herein. Therefore, the background art may contain certain information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art in this country. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this application is to provide a method, apparatus, computer-readable storage medium, processor, and roadway layout system for arranging roadways near the working face, in order to solve the problem in the prior art where roadways near the working face are severely damaged due to high stress disturbance caused by mining in adjacent working faces.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for arranging an access roadway is provided, comprising: during the operation of a longwall mining operation, controlling a tunneling machine to excavate a pre-excavated section of the access roadway in the next working face along the excavation direction, wherein the excavation direction is opposite to the longwall mining direction, and the distance between the excavation face of the pre-excavated section and the longwall mining face in the excavation direction is greater than a predetermined distance; controlling the tunneling machine to excavate a goaf-adjacent section of the access roadway in the next working face in the opposite direction of the excavation direction, until the goaf-adjacent section and the pre-excavated section are connected to form the access roadway, wherein the distance between the excavation face of the goaf-adjacent section and the longwall mining face in the excavation direction is greater than the predetermined distance, and the support capacity of the support system of the pre-excavated section is stronger than the support capacity of the support system of the goaf-adjacent section.

[0007] Optionally, before controlling the tunneling machine to excavate a pre-excavated section of the access roadway along the excavation direction in the next working face, and before reinforcing the support strength of the pre-excavated section, the method further includes: simulating the lateral stress of the mining operation using a numerical simulation method to generate a lateral stress distribution map; determining a low-stress region based on the lateral stress distribution map, wherein the low-stress region is a region where the stress is lower than a predetermined value; and determining the predetermined distance based on the low-stress region and the mining face.

[0008] Optionally, during the process of controlling the tunneling machine to excavate the goaf-side tunneling section in the opposite direction of the excavation direction in the next working face, the method further includes: using an anchor bolt cable support system to support the goaf-side tunneling section, the anchor bolt cable support system including anchor bolts, anchor cables, anchor cable brackets, anchor bolt guards and steel mesh.

[0009] Optionally, during the process of controlling the tunneling machine to excavate the pre-excavated section of the roadway along the excavation direction in the next working face, the method further includes: using an anchor bolt cable support system and a single prop support system to support the roadway section. The anchor bolt cable support system includes anchor bolts, anchor cables, anchor cable brackets, anchor bolt guards, and steel mesh. The single prop support system includes multiple single props.

[0010] Optionally, the width of the coal pillar between the access roadway and the adjacent working face goaf is less than a first predetermined width.

[0011] Optionally, during the process of controlling the tunneling machine to excavate the goaf section of the access roadway in the opposite direction of the excavation direction in the next working face, the method includes: filling the target chamber of the mining face, wherein the target chamber is a chamber adjacent to a position where the width of the coal pillar is less than a second predetermined width, and the second predetermined width is less than the first predetermined width.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for arranging an access roadway is also provided, comprising: a first control unit for controlling a tunneling machine to excavate a pre-excavated section of the access roadway along the excavation direction in the next working face during a longwall mining operation, wherein the excavation direction is opposite to the longwall mining direction, and the distance between the excavation face of the pre-excavated section and the longwall mining face in the excavation direction is greater than a predetermined distance; and a second control unit for controlling the tunneling machine to excavate a goaf-adjacent section of the access roadway in the opposite direction of the excavation direction in the next working face, until the goaf-adjacent section and the pre-excavated section are connected to form the access roadway, wherein the distance between the excavation face of the goaf-adjacent section and the longwall mining face in the excavation direction is greater than the predetermined distance, and the support capacity of the support system of the pre-excavated section is stronger than the support capacity of the support system of the goaf-adjacent section.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, the computer-readable storage medium including a stored program, wherein the program executes any one of the methods described.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, a processor is also provided, the processor being configured to run a program, wherein the program, when running, executes any one of the methods described.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, a tunnel layout system is also provided, comprising: a tunneling machine, one or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including methods for performing any one of the methods described.

[0016] In this embodiment of the invention, in the above-mentioned method for arranging the free-runway, firstly, during the mining operation, the tunneling machine is controlled to excavate a pre-excavated section of the free-runway along the excavation direction in the next working face. The excavation direction is opposite to the mining direction of the mining operation, and the distance between the excavation face of the pre-excavated section and the mining face of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than a predetermined distance. Then, the tunneling machine is controlled to excavate a goaf-adjacent section of the free-runway in the opposite direction of the excavation direction in the next working face until the goaf-adjacent section and the pre-excavated section are connected to form the free-runway. The distance between the excavation face of the goaf-adjacent section and the mining face of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than the predetermined distance, and the support capacity of the support system of the pre-excavated section is stronger than the support capacity of the support system of the goaf-adjacent section. This method employs pre-excavated roadway sections with opposing excavation and goaf-side excavation sections to complete roadway layout before the current working face of the mining operation is finished. The distance between the excavation faces of the two roadway sections and the mining faces of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than a predetermined distance. This places the excavation faces in a low-stress region of the mining lateral stress, reducing the impact of mining stress disturbance and minimizing roadway deformation. Furthermore, the pre-excavated roadway sections improve support capacity and enhance the stability of the pre-excavated roadway under the influence of high-stress disturbance during mining. This solves the problem in existing technologies where roadways near the goaf are severely damaged by high-stress disturbance from adjacent working faces during mining. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the layout and connection of conventional longwall mining faces is provided.

[0019] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a method for arranging an air-access tunnel according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0020] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an air-access tunnel layout design scheme according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0021] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the support design for the goaf section of an air-access tunnel according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0022] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the support design for a pre-excavated roadway section of an air-access roadway according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0023] Figure 6A schematic diagram of an arrangement device for an air-access tunnel according to one embodiment of this application is shown.

[0024] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0025] 1. Goaf area of ​​working face; 2. Coal pillar; 3. Roadway near the goaf; 4. Solid coal roadway; 5. Pre-excavated roadway section; 6. Goaf excavation section; 7. Cut-off point; 8. Preparatory roadway. Detailed Implementation

[0026] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0027] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0028] It should be understood that when an element (such as a layer, film, region, or substrate) is described as being "on" another element, the element may be directly on the other element, or there may be an intermediate element present. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, when an element is described as being "connected" to another element, the element may be "directly connected" to the other element, or "connected" to the other element via a third element.

[0029] As mentioned in the background section, in the prior art, the roadway in the open area is severely damaged due to the high stress disturbance caused by the mining of adjacent working faces. In order to solve the above problems, in a typical embodiment of this application, a method, device, computer-readable storage medium, processor and roadway layout system for arranging roadways in the open area are provided.

[0030] According to an embodiment of this application, a method for arranging air-access tunnels is provided.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for arranging air-access tunnels according to an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0032] Step S101: During the mining operation, the tunneling machine is controlled to excavate a pre-excavated roadway section of the free roadway in the next working face along the excavation direction. The excavation direction is opposite to the mining direction of the mining operation. The distance between the excavation working face of the pre-excavated roadway section and the mining working face of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than a predetermined distance.

[0033] Step S102: Control the tunneling machine to excavate the goaf-side tunneling section of the above-ground roadway in the opposite direction of the excavation direction in the next working face until the goaf-side tunneling section and the pre-excavated roadway section are connected to form the above-ground roadway. The distance between the tunneling face of the goaf-side tunneling section and the mining face of the above-ground mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than the predetermined distance. The support capacity of the support system of the pre-excavated roadway section is stronger than the support capacity of the support system of the goaf-side tunneling section.

[0034] In the above-mentioned method for arranging the access roadway, firstly, during the mining operation, the tunneling machine is controlled to excavate a pre-excavated section of the access roadway along the excavation direction in the next working face. The excavation direction is opposite to the mining direction of the mining operation, and the distance between the excavation face of the pre-excavated section and the mining face of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than a predetermined distance. Then, the tunneling machine is controlled to excavate a goaf-adjacent section of the access roadway in the opposite direction of the excavation direction in the next working face until the goaf-adjacent section and the pre-excavated section are connected to form the access roadway. The distance between the excavation face of the goaf-adjacent section and the mining face of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than the predetermined distance, and the support capacity of the support system of the pre-excavated section is stronger than that of the support system of the goaf-adjacent section. This method employs pre-excavated roadway sections with opposing excavation and goaf-side excavation sections to complete roadway layout before the current working face of the mining operation is finished. The distance between the excavation faces of the two roadway sections and the mining faces of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than a predetermined distance. This places the excavation faces in a low-stress region of the mining lateral stress, reducing the impact of mining stress disturbance and minimizing roadway deformation. Furthermore, the pre-excavated roadway sections improve support capacity and enhance the stability of the pre-excavated roadway under the influence of high-stress disturbance during mining. This solves the problem in existing technologies where roadways near the goaf are severely damaged by high-stress disturbance from adjacent working faces during mining.

[0035] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0036] In one optional embodiment of this application, before controlling the tunneling machine to excavate the pre-excavated section of the goaf roadway along the excavation direction in the next working face, and before reinforcing the support strength of the pre-excavated section, the method further includes: simulating the lateral stress of the mining operation using a numerical simulation method to generate a lateral stress distribution map; determining a low-stress region based on the lateral stress distribution map, wherein the low-stress region is a region where the stress is below a predetermined value; and determining the predetermined distance based on the low-stress region and the mining face. Specifically, the lateral stress distribution of the mining face is simulated using a numerical simulation method to obtain the stress reduction zone range that can avoid the lateral stress peak, and the predetermined distance is determined so that the goaf roadway is arranged in a lower stress environment along the goaf excavated section.

[0037] In addition, theoretical calculations were used to determine the optimal range for coal pillar width that is conducive to coal pillar stability and maintaining load-bearing capacity. This resulted in a theoretically reasonable coal pillar width, which is generally less than 10m. Once the coal pillar width is determined, as... Figure 3 As shown, when working face A begins mining, the first step is to excavate the solid coal roadway 4 and the cut-in 7. Then, a section 6 of the goaf-adjacent roadway is excavated from the cut-in 7. Due to ventilation difficulties, the excavation length of the goaf-adjacent roadway 6 is not very long. Therefore, a temporary roadway 8 is excavated to allow airflow to enter the new working face. The temporary roadway 8 connects with the already excavated goaf-adjacent roadway section 6, and then the goaf-adjacent roadway section 6 continues to be excavated in the mining direction. The working face of the goaf-adjacent roadway section 6 should lag behind the adjacent working face A by a predetermined distance, for example, more than 300m. To ensure that the mining roadway of working face B can be formed before the mining of adjacent working face A is completed, a pre-excavated section 5 of the goaf-adjacent roadway needs to be excavated in the goaf roadway. The length of the pre-excavated section is generally about 400m, which is longer than the predetermined distance. This ensures that the installation of the support equipment for working face B is completed before the mining of working face A is finished, allowing the two working faces to be smoothly connected.

[0038] In one optional embodiment of this application, during the process of controlling the tunneling machine to excavate the goaf-side tunneling section of the aforementioned roadway in the opposite direction of the excavation direction in the next working face, the method further includes: using a bolt and cable support system to support the goaf-side tunneling section. The bolt and cable support system includes bolts, cables, cable holders, cable guards, and steel mesh. Specifically, since the goaf-side tunneling section is excavated along the goaf area of ​​working face A, it is located in the lateral stress reduction zone caused by the mining of working face A, the surrounding rock stress is relatively small, and the support difficulty is relatively small. Strong bolt and cable active support is used for surrounding rock control. The main components are high-strength, high-elongation left-hand threaded steel bolts without longitudinal reinforcement and high-strength steel strand bolts, combined with arched cable holders, large-area cable guards, and steel mesh to achieve strong surface protection, forming a powerful bolt support system to control the deformation of the surrounding rock in the goaf-side tunneling section. Figure 4 As shown.

[0039] In one optional embodiment of this application, during the process of controlling the tunneling machine to excavate the pre-excavated section of the goaf roadway along the excavation direction in the next working face, the above method further includes: using a bolt and cable support system and a single prop support system to support the above-mentioned goaf excavation section. The bolt and cable support system includes bolts, bolts, bolt plates, bolt guards, and steel mesh, and the single prop support system includes multiple single props. Specifically, the pre-excavated section will be subjected to various dynamic pressures, including pre-mining stress and lateral stress from the adjacent working face A, making surrounding rock control very difficult. Therefore, a comprehensive surrounding rock control design scheme is adopted. Firstly, based on the existing bolt support design for the goaf section, the number of bolts was increased and the bolt spacing was reduced to further enhance the support capacity of the strong bolts. Simultaneously, in the A solid coal roadway of the longwall face, boreholes were drilled and sealed in the roof near the coal pillar, followed by hydraulic fracturing. This transferred stress to the coal pillar and the goaf roadway, effectively blocking the lateral stress transmission path. To further enhance the stability of the pre-excavated roadway section under strong dynamic pressure and increase the roof safety factor, single-unit supports were erected within 200m of the longwall face in the pre-excavated section as passive support units. These supports, together with the active support of the strong bolts, constituted the support system. Figure 5 As shown.

[0040] In addition, during the reverse excavation process, the mining pressure manifestation should be observed. The distance to the longwall face or the support strength should be adjusted based on the manifestation to further prevent severe roadway damage caused by high-stress disturbances from adjacent longwall faces. While strengthening the support of the pre-excavation section, artificial stress transfer work must be implemented in this section. Mining pressure monitoring should be conducted and recorded when the longwall face is approaching. Measurement work should be carried out to ensure the connection between the pre-excavated roadway section and the goaf-side excavation section, and that the goaf-side excavation section reaches the designed safe distance from the longwall face.

[0041] In one optional embodiment of this application, the width of the coal pillar between the aforementioned goaf roadway and the adjacent working face goaf is less than a first predetermined width. Specifically, when the coal pillar is less than 10 meters, it should be ensured that the distance between the face of the measures roadway and the cut-off of the mining face is not less than 300 meters, and the goaf-advancing section 6 should lag behind the adjacent working face A by more than 300 meters, that is, the coal pillar width should be less than 10 meters to improve the recovery rate.

[0042] In one optional embodiment of this application, during the process of controlling the tunneling machine to excavate the goaf-side section of the access roadway in the opposite direction of the excavation direction in the next working face, the method includes: filling the target chamber of the longwall face, wherein the target chamber is a chamber adjacent to a position where the width of the coal pillar is less than a second predetermined width, and the second predetermined width is less than the first predetermined width. Specifically, based on the width of the coal pillar and the specifications of the longwall face chambers, when the remaining coal pillar is less than 6 meters, the chambers must be filled in advance to improve the strength of the surrounding rock.

[0043] This application also provides an apparatus for arranging air-access tunnels. It should be noted that this apparatus can be used to execute the air-access tunnel arrangement method provided in this application. The following describes the air-access tunnel arrangement apparatus provided in this application.

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an arrangement device for an air-access tunnel according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 As shown, the device includes:

[0045] The first control unit 10 is used to control the tunneling machine to excavate a pre-excavated roadway section of the free roadway in the next working face along the excavation direction during the mining operation. The excavation direction is opposite to the mining direction of the mining operation. The distance between the excavation working face of the pre-excavated roadway section and the mining working face of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than a predetermined distance.

[0046] The second control unit 20 is used to control the tunneling machine to excavate the goaf-side tunneling section of the above-ground roadway in the opposite direction of the tunneling direction in the next working face, until the goaf-side tunneling section and the pre-excavated roadway section are connected to form the above-ground roadway. The distance between the tunneling face of the goaf-side tunneling section and the mining face of the mining operation in the tunneling direction is greater than the predetermined distance. The support capacity of the support system of the pre-excavated roadway section is stronger than the support capacity of the support system of the goaf-side tunneling section.

[0047] In the aforementioned arrangement device for the free-runway, during the mining operation, the first control unit controls the tunneling machine to excavate a pre-excavated section of the free-runway in the next working face along the excavation direction. The excavation direction is opposite to the mining direction of the mining operation, and the distance between the excavation face of the pre-excavated section and the mining face of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than a predetermined distance. The second control unit controls the tunneling machine to excavate a goaf-adjacent section of the free-runway in the next working face in the opposite direction of the excavation direction until the goaf-adjacent section and the pre-excavated section are connected to form the free-runway. The distance between the excavation face of the goaf-adjacent section and the mining face of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than the predetermined distance, and the support capacity of the support system of the pre-excavated section is stronger than that of the support system of the goaf-adjacent section. This device employs a pre-excavation and retention section with opposing excavation and a goaf-side excavation section to complete the roadway layout before the current working face of the mining operation is finished. The distance between the excavation faces of the two roadway sections and the mining faces of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than a predetermined distance. This places the excavation faces in a low-stress region of the mining lateral stress, reducing the impact of mining stress disturbance and minimizing roadway deformation. Furthermore, the pre-excavation and retention section improves the support capacity and enhances the stability of the pre-excavation and retention roadway under the influence of high-stress disturbance during mining. This solves the problem in existing technologies where roadways near the goaf are severely damaged by high-stress disturbance from adjacent working faces during mining.

[0048] In an optional embodiment of this application, the above-mentioned device further includes a simulation unit, which includes a simulation module, a first determining module, and a second determining module. The simulation module controls the tunneling machine to simulate the lateral stress of the mining operation using numerical simulation before reinforcing the support strength of the pre-excavated roadway section along the tunneling direction in the next working face, generating a lateral stress distribution map. The first determining module determines low-stress areas based on the lateral stress distribution map; these low-stress areas are regions where the stress is below a predetermined value. The second determining module determines the predetermined distance based on the low-stress areas and the mining face. Specifically, by using numerical simulation to simulate the lateral stress distribution during working face mining, the range of stress reduction zones that can avoid lateral stress peaks is obtained, and the predetermined distance is determined, so that the roadway along the excavated roadway section is arranged in a lower stress environment.

[0049] In addition, theoretical calculations were used to determine the optimal range for coal pillar width that is conducive to coal pillar stability and maintaining load-bearing capacity. This resulted in a theoretically reasonable coal pillar width, which is generally less than 10m. Once the coal pillar width is determined, as... Figure 3As shown, when working face A begins mining, the first step is to excavate the solid coal roadway 4 and the cut-in 7. Then, a section 6 of the goaf-adjacent roadway is excavated from the cut-in 7. Due to ventilation difficulties, the excavation length of the goaf-adjacent roadway 6 is not very long. Therefore, a temporary roadway 8 is excavated to allow airflow to enter the new working face. The temporary roadway 8 connects with the already excavated goaf-adjacent roadway section 6, and then the goaf-adjacent roadway section 6 continues to be excavated in the mining direction. The working face of the goaf-adjacent roadway section 6 should lag behind the adjacent working face A by a predetermined distance, for example, more than 300m. To ensure that the mining roadway of working face B can be formed before the mining of adjacent working face A is completed, a pre-excavated section 5 of the goaf-adjacent roadway needs to be excavated in the goaf roadway. The length of the pre-excavated section is generally about 400m, which is longer than the predetermined distance. This ensures that the installation of the support equipment for working face B is completed before the mining of working face A is finished, allowing the two working faces to be smoothly connected.

[0050] In one optional embodiment of this application, the above-mentioned device further includes a first processing unit. This first processing unit is used to control the tunneling machine to support the goaf-side tunneling section of the goaf-side tunneling section during the process of tunneling the goaf-side tunneling section in the opposite direction of the tunneling direction in the next working face using an anchor bolt cable support system. The anchor bolt cable support system includes anchor bolts, anchor cables, anchor cable brackets, anchor bolt guard plates, and steel mesh. Specifically, because the goaf-side tunneling section is tunneled along the goaf area of ​​working face A, it is located in the lateral stress reduction zone caused by the mining of working face A. The surrounding rock stress is relatively small, and the support difficulty is also relatively small. Strong anchor bolt cables are used for active support to control the surrounding rock. The main components are high-strength, high-elongation left-hand threaded steel anchor bolts without longitudinal reinforcement and high-strength steel strand anchor cables, combined with arched anchor cable brackets, large-area anchor bolt W steel guard plates, and steel mesh to achieve strong surface protection, forming a powerful anchor bolt support system to control the deformation of the surrounding rock in the goaf-side tunneling section. The layout design scheme is as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0051] In one optional embodiment of this application, the device further includes a second processing unit. This second processing unit controls the tunneling machine to support the pre-excavated section of the roadway along the excavation direction in the next working face using a bolt-and-cable support system and a single-prop support system. The bolt-and-cable support system includes bolts, bolts, bolt plates, bolt guards, and steel mesh. The single-prop support system includes multiple single props. Specifically, the pre-excavated roadway section will be subjected to various dynamic pressures, including pre-mining stress and lateral stress from the adjacent working face A, making surrounding rock control very difficult. Therefore, a comprehensive surrounding rock control design scheme is adopted. Firstly, based on the existing bolt support design for the goaf section, the number of bolts was increased and the bolt spacing was reduced to further enhance the support capacity of the strong bolts. Simultaneously, in the A solid coal roadway of the longwall face, perforations were drilled and sealed in the roof near the coal pillar, followed by hydraulic fracturing. This transferred stress to the coal pillar and the goaf roadway, effectively blocking the lateral stress transmission path. To further enhance the stability of the pre-excavated roadway section under strong dynamic pressure and increase the roof safety factor, single-pillar supports were erected within 200m of the longwall face in the pre-excavated section as passive support units. These supports, together with the active support of the strong bolts, constituted the support system. The layout design scheme is as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0052] In addition, during the reverse excavation process, the mining pressure manifestation should be observed. The distance to the longwall face or the support strength should be adjusted based on the manifestation to further prevent severe roadway damage caused by high-stress disturbances from adjacent longwall faces. While strengthening the support of the pre-excavation section, artificial stress transfer work must be implemented in this section. Mining pressure monitoring should be conducted and recorded when the longwall face is approaching. Measurement work should be carried out to ensure the connection between the pre-excavated roadway section and the goaf-side excavation section, and that the goaf-side excavation section reaches the designed safe distance from the longwall face.

[0053] In one optional embodiment of this application, the width of the coal pillar between the aforementioned goaf roadway and the adjacent working face goaf is less than a first predetermined width. Specifically, when the coal pillar is less than 10 meters, it should be ensured that the distance between the face of the measures roadway and the cut-off of the mining face is not less than 300 meters, and the goaf-advancing section 6 should lag behind the adjacent working face A by more than 300 meters, that is, the coal pillar width should be less than 10 meters to improve the recovery rate.

[0054] In one optional embodiment of this application, the device includes a third processing unit. This third processing unit controls the tunneling machine to fill the target chamber of the longwall face during the process of tunneling the goaf-side section of the adjacent roadway in the opposite direction of the tunneling direction in the next working face. The target chamber is a chamber adjacent to a position where the width of the coal pillar is less than a second predetermined width, and the second predetermined width is less than a first predetermined width. Specifically, the filling is based on the width of the coal pillar and the specifications of the longwall face chambers. When the remaining coal pillar is less than 6 meters, the chamber must be filled in advance to improve the surrounding rock strength.

[0055] The aforementioned air-access tunnel arrangement device includes a processor and a memory. The first control unit and the second control unit, etc., are all stored in the memory as program units. The processor executes the aforementioned program units stored in the memory to realize the corresponding functions.

[0056] The processor contains a kernel, which retrieves the corresponding program units from memory. One or more kernels can be configured, and adjusting kernel parameters can address the problem in existing technologies where roadways near the working face are severely damaged due to high-stress disturbances from mining operations at adjacent faces.

[0057] The memory may include non-permanent memory in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM, and the memory includes at least one memory chip.

[0058] This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0059] This invention provides a processor for running a program, wherein the program executes the method described above when it runs.

[0060] This invention provides a tunnel layout system, including a tunnel boring machine, one or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, and the processors, when executing the programs, implement at least the following steps:

[0061] Step S101: During the mining operation, the tunneling machine is controlled to excavate a pre-excavated roadway section of the free roadway in the next working face along the excavation direction. The excavation direction is opposite to the mining direction of the mining operation. The distance between the excavation working face of the pre-excavated roadway section and the mining working face of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than a predetermined distance.

[0062] Step S102: Control the tunneling machine to excavate the goaf-side tunneling section of the above-ground roadway in the opposite direction of the excavation direction in the next working face until the goaf-side tunneling section and the pre-excavated roadway section are connected to form the above-ground roadway. The distance between the tunneling face of the goaf-side tunneling section and the mining face of the above-ground mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than the predetermined distance. The support capacity of the support system of the pre-excavated roadway section is stronger than the support capacity of the support system of the goaf-side tunneling section.

[0063] This application also provides a computer program product, which, when executed on a data processing device, is suitable for executing an initialization program having at least the following method steps:

[0064] Step S101: During the mining operation, the tunneling machine is controlled to excavate a pre-excavated roadway section of the free roadway in the next working face along the excavation direction. The excavation direction is opposite to the mining direction of the mining operation. The distance between the excavation working face of the pre-excavated roadway section and the mining working face of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than a predetermined distance.

[0065] Step S102: Control the tunneling machine to excavate the goaf-side tunneling section of the above-ground roadway in the opposite direction of the excavation direction in the next working face until the goaf-side tunneling section and the pre-excavated roadway section are connected to form the above-ground roadway. The distance between the tunneling face of the goaf-side tunneling section and the mining face of the above-ground mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than the predetermined distance. The support capacity of the support system of the pre-excavated roadway section is stronger than the support capacity of the support system of the goaf-side tunneling section.

[0066] In the above embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0067] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of units described above can be a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between units or modules may be electrical or other forms.

[0068] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0069] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0070] If the aforementioned integrated units are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a computer-readable storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned computer-readable storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0071] As can be seen from the above description, the embodiments of this application achieve the following technical effects:

[0072] 1) In the arrangement method of the free-runway of this application, firstly, during the mining operation, the tunneling machine is controlled to excavate a pre-excavated section of the free-runway in the next working face along the excavation direction. The excavation direction is opposite to the mining direction of the mining operation. The distance between the excavation face of the pre-excavated section and the mining face of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than a predetermined distance. Then, the tunneling machine is controlled to excavate the goaf-adjacent section of the free-runway in the next working face in the opposite direction of the excavation direction until the goaf-adjacent section and the pre-excavated section are connected to form the free-runway. The distance between the excavation face of the goaf-adjacent section and the mining face of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than the predetermined distance. The support capacity of the support system of the pre-excavated section is stronger than the support capacity of the support system of the goaf-adjacent section. This method employs pre-excavated roadway sections with opposing excavation and goaf-side excavation sections to complete roadway layout before the current working face of the mining operation is finished. The distance between the excavation faces of the two roadway sections and the mining faces of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than a predetermined distance. This places the excavation faces in a low-stress region of the mining lateral stress, reducing the impact of mining stress disturbance and minimizing roadway deformation. Furthermore, the pre-excavated roadway sections improve support capacity and enhance the stability of the pre-excavated roadway under the influence of high-stress disturbance during mining. This solves the problem in existing technologies where roadways near the goaf are severely damaged by high-stress disturbance from adjacent working faces during mining.

[0073] 2) In the arrangement device for the free-runway of this application, during the mining operation, the first control unit controls the tunneling machine to excavate the pre-excavated section of the free-runway in the next working face along the excavation direction. The excavation direction is opposite to the mining direction of the mining operation. The distance between the excavation face of the pre-excavated section and the mining face of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than a predetermined distance. The second control unit controls the tunneling machine to excavate the goaf-adjacent section of the free-runway in the next working face in the opposite direction of the excavation direction until the goaf-adjacent section and the pre-excavated section are connected to form the free-runway. The distance between the excavation face of the goaf-adjacent section and the mining face of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than the predetermined distance. The support capacity of the support system of the pre-excavated section is stronger than the support capacity of the support system of the goaf-adjacent section. This device employs a pre-excavation and retention section with opposing excavation and a goaf-side excavation section to complete the roadway layout before the current working face of the mining operation is finished. The distance between the excavation faces of the two roadway sections and the mining faces of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than a predetermined distance. This places the excavation faces in a low-stress region of the mining lateral stress, reducing the impact of mining stress disturbance and minimizing roadway deformation. Furthermore, the pre-excavation and retention section improves the support capacity and enhances the stability of the pre-excavation and retention roadway under the influence of high-stress disturbance during mining. This solves the problem in existing technologies where roadways near the goaf are severely damaged by high-stress disturbance from adjacent working faces during mining.

[0074] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for arranging air-access tunnels, characterized in that, include: During the mining operation, the tunneling machine is controlled to excavate a pre-excavated roadway section in the next working face along the excavation direction. The excavation direction is opposite to the mining direction of the mining operation, and the distance between the excavation face of the pre-excavated roadway section and the mining face of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than a predetermined distance. The tunneling machine is controlled to excavate the goaf-side excavation section of the free-runway in the opposite direction of the excavation direction in the next working face until the goaf-side excavation section and the pre-excavated roadway section are connected to form the free-runway. The distance in the excavation direction between the excavation face of the goaf-side excavation section and the mining face of the mining operation is greater than the predetermined distance. The support capacity of the support system of the pre-excavated roadway section is stronger than that of the support system of the goaf-side excavation section. The width of the coal pillar between the access roadway and the adjacent working face goaf is less than a first predetermined width. During the process of controlling the tunneling machine to excavate the goaf section of the access roadway in the opposite direction of the excavation direction in the next working face, the method includes: filling the target chamber of the mining face, wherein the target chamber is a chamber adjacent to a position where the width of the coal pillar is less than a second predetermined width, and the second predetermined width is less than a first predetermined width.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before controlling the tunneling machine to excavate the pre-excavated section of the access roadway along the excavation direction in the next working face, and before reinforcing the support strength of the pre-excavated section, the method further includes: The lateral stress of the mining operation was simulated using numerical simulation methods to generate a lateral stress distribution map; The low-stress region is determined based on the lateral stress distribution map, and the low-stress region is the region where the stress is lower than a predetermined value; The predetermined distance is determined based on the low-stress region and the longwall face.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the process of controlling the tunneling machine to excavate the goaf-side tunnel section in the opposite direction of the excavation direction in the next working face, the method further includes: An anchor bolt cable support system is used to support the goaf tunneling section. The anchor bolt cable support system includes anchor bolts, anchor cables, anchor cable brackets, anchor bolt guards, and steel mesh.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the process of controlling the tunneling machine to excavate the pre-excavated section of the access roadway along the excavation direction in the next working face, the method further includes: The goaf tunneling section is supported by an anchor bolt cable support system and a single prop support system. The anchor bolt cable support system includes anchor bolts, anchor cables, anchor cable brackets, anchor bolt guards, and steel mesh. The single prop support system includes multiple single props.

5. A device for arranging air-access tunnels, characterized in that, include: The first control unit is used to control the tunneling machine to excavate a pre-excavated roadway section in the next working face along the excavation direction during the mining operation. The excavation direction is opposite to the mining direction of the mining operation, and the distance between the excavation working face of the pre-excavated roadway section and the mining working face of the mining operation in the excavation direction is greater than a predetermined distance. The second control unit is used to control the tunneling machine to excavate the goaf-side excavation section of the free-runway in the opposite direction of the excavation direction in the next working face, until the goaf-side excavation section and the pre-excavated roadway section are connected to form the free-runway. The distance in the excavation direction between the excavation face of the goaf-side excavation section and the mining face of the mining operation is greater than the predetermined distance. The support capacity of the support system of the pre-excavated roadway section is stronger than the support capacity of the support system of the goaf-side excavation section. The width of the coal pillar between the access roadway and the adjacent working face goaf is less than a first predetermined width. The device includes a third processing unit, which is used to control the tunneling machine to fill the target chamber of the mining face during the process of tunneling the goaf-side tunneling section of the goaf roadway in the opposite direction of the tunneling direction in the next working face. The target chamber is a chamber adjacent to the position where the width of the coal pillar is less than a second predetermined width, and the second predetermined width is less than the first predetermined width.

6. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein the program performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. A processor, characterized in that, The processor is used to run a program, wherein the program executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 when it runs.

8. A tunnel layout system, characterized in that, include: A tunneling machine, one or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including methods for performing any one of claims 1 to 4.

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