A monitoring method suitable for marine glaciers

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of glacier monitoring, and specifically to a monitoring method suitable for marine glaciers. The method comprises the following steps: step one, data collection: using a monitoring module to obtain real-time monitoring data of marine glaciers; step two, data transmission: collecting data and transmitting it to a monitoring station; step three, database establishment: establishing a database for marine glacier monitoring according to a monitoring time series; step four, monitoring and analysis: real-time monitoring and analysis of marine glacier change trends; step five, establishing a DEM model: establishing a DEM model according to the data monitored by the database, based on GNSS compatible with a variety of sensors, integrating data collection, data transmission, data analysis, database and monitoring model, with high real-time performance, laying a solid foundation for real-time monitoring and refined dynamic tracking of marine glaciers, data collection continuity, accuracy, timeliness and online visualization, real-time monitoring of multiple data parameters and comprehensive analysis of marine glacier change trends.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of glacier monitoring, in particular to a monitoring method suitable for marine glaciers. Background Art

[0002] As global climate change intensifies, it has a serious impact on global glacier coverage. Since the temperature of the main body of the marine glacier (constant temperature layer) is relatively high, close to 0°C, and due to the high temperature and large replenishment, the glacier moves faster, with an annual movement of about 100 meters or more. The snow line is low, and the tail end of the ice tongue also extends very low, reaching the forest belt. The ice surface melts in great intensity, so the marine glaciers change greatly, which has a greater impact on the local environment and meteorology. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the marine glaciers to obtain information on their changes.

[0003] At present, the global navigation satellite system can obtain all-weather, all-day, high-precision image data of marine glaciers, monitor the ice flow velocity data of marine glaciers, and determine the movement status of glaciers and potential glacier surges. However, the factors that affect the ice flow velocity, glacier movement and potential glacier surges of marine glaciers require manual monitoring of marine glaciers, such as the accumulation period and ablation period of marine glaciers. The data collected by manual monitoring are not only single but also have poor continuity. The harsh marine glacier environment makes monitoring and collecting data difficult and dangerous. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a monitoring method suitable for marine glaciers.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a monitoring method applicable to marine glaciers, the method comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Data collection: Use the monitoring module to obtain real-time monitoring data of marine glaciers, and process the real-time monitoring data through the data processing module;

[0007] Step 2: Data transmission: The data collected by the monitoring module in real time is transmitted to the marine glacier monitoring station, and the monitoring station receives the real-time monitoring data of the marine glacier;

[0008] Step 3: Database establishment: Store real-time monitoring data of marine glaciers through monitoring stations, and establish a database for marine glacier monitoring according to the monitoring time series;

[0009] Step 4: Monitoring and analysis: Analyze the rise and fall of marine glaciers and the dynamic changes in the melting boundaries of marine glaciers in the monitoring area and the related factors of marine glacier changes based on the acquired real-time monitoring data of marine glaciers;

[0010] Step 5: Establish a DEM model: Establish a DEM model based on the data monitored by the database. The DEM model is a matrix composed of the elevation values ​​of regular grid points on the ground, forming a grid structure data set. The DEM model is used to obtain the trend of marine glacier changes in the monitoring area, and successfully obtain real-time information on the movement of marine glaciers, ice flow velocity of marine glaciers, and material ablation information;

[0011] The data collection includes real-time satellite stereo image monitoring of marine glaciers and marine glacier environmental parameter monitoring based on GNSS, and the data collection is realized by a monitoring module composed of GNSS, sensor group, meteorology, monitoring camera, and seismograph;

[0012] The data transmission can be transmitted in real time via 4G / 5G and published online through the network. Users can check the marine glacier monitoring data online at any time through browsers and mobile phones, which can greatly reduce the workload and potential risks of manual monitoring of marine high-altitude glaciers and improve the continuity, accuracy, timeliness and online visualization of data collection;

[0013] The database is established to record real-time data of marine glacier monitoring, providing data support for dynamic monitoring of marine glaciers, so as to conduct longitudinal monitoring and analysis of marine glaciers and prediction of their changing trends;

[0014] The monitoring and analysis is based on marine glacier monitoring software, which analyzes the mutual influence between various monitoring data and marine glacier change data under real-time monitoring of marine glaciers;

[0015] The DEM model is established by acquiring satellite stereo images of marine glaciers in multiple phases through GNSS, extracting glacier DEM models from the satellite stereo images of each phase to obtain the glacier DEM model of each phase, cropping the glacier DEM model of each phase to obtain the glacier DEM model of each phase with consistent regional range, correcting the corresponding satellite stereo images of each phase, constructing an irregular grid marine glacier DEM model, and calculating the glacier rise and fall and ablation changes of adjacent phases based on the irregular grid DEM model.

[0016] Specifically, the GNSS adopts the Beidou navigation satellite system. Beidou satellite navigation technology is combined with remote sensing and geographic information technology to obtain all-weather, all-day, high-precision image data of marine glaciers, and ice flow velocity data monitored in real time by GNSS to determine the movement status of glaciers and potential glacier surge phenomena.

[0017] Specifically, the sensor group includes a laser ranging sensor, an ice temperature sensor, an ice surface humidity sensor, a snowfall sensor, a wind speed sensor, and a radiation sensor. By carrying multiple sensors, multi-factor monitoring data for real-time monitoring of marine glaciers can be obtained; the laser ranging sensor is used to monitor the distance to the marine glacier ice surface in real time; the ice surface temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature parameters of the marine glacier ice surface in real time; the ice surface humidity sensor is used to monitor the humidity data of the marine glacier ice surface in real time; the snowfall sensor is used to monitor the snowfall in the marine glacier area in real time; the wind speed sensor is used to monitor the wind speed of the marine glacier ice surface in real time; the radiation sensor is used to monitor the radiation of the marine glacier ice surface in real time, and the marine glacier ice surface distance, ice surface temperature, ice surface humidity, snowfall, wind speed and radiation real-time data parameters collected by the sensor group and multiple environmental data parameters are used to comprehensively analyze the influencing factors of the changing trend of marine glaciers.

[0018] Specifically, the monitoring of the distance from the ice surface of the marine glacier is used to determine whether the marine glacier is in a melting or accumulation period according to changes in the distance from the ice surface. When the distance from the laser ranging sensor to the ice surface decreases, the marine glacier begins to be in an accumulation period; when the distance from the laser ranging sensor to the ice surface increases, the marine glacier begins to be in a melting period. The period is measured in years. Based on the number of days in the accumulation period and the number of days in the ablation period of the marine glacier, the ratio of the accumulation period to the ablation period within the period of years is obtained. At the same time, the changes in the number of days in the accumulation period and the number of days in the ablation period can be compared longitudinally.

[0019] Specifically, the meteorology includes temperature, humidity and air pressure. Real-time environmental temperature data, environmental humidity data and environmental air pressure data in the marine glacier area are obtained through meteorological satellites. According to the real-time monitoring dynamic changes of temperature, humidity and air pressure, the monitored temperature, humidity and air pressure are input into the DEM model to obtain the correlation between the marine glacier environmental temperature, humidity and air pressure and the glacier change trend.

[0020] Specifically, the monitoring camera is used to obtain real-time high-definition video image data of marine glaciers, so as to realize remote viewing of marine glaciers.

[0021] Specifically, the seismograph is used to obtain geological movement parameters in the marine glacier monitoring area, and obtain the two-way correlation between geological movement and marine glaciers.

[0022] Specifically, the monitoring module obtains multi-phase satellite stereo images of marine glaciers based on GNSS, grids the marine glaciers, and establishes multiple monitoring points of the monitoring modules within the marine glacier area. The monitoring points cover the entire marine glacier area for real-time data monitoring. The sensor group, meteorology, monitoring camera, and seismograph on the monitoring module are integratedly installed.

[0023] Specifically, the method is based on GNSS compatibility with a variety of sensors, integrating data collection, data transmission, data analysis, database and monitoring model, with high real-time performance, autonomous and controllable software, and customizable and expandable hardware. It lays a solid foundation for real-time monitoring and refined dynamic tracking of marine glaciers with temperatures close to zero degrees or pressure melting point, high glacier replenishment, high melting, strong activity and strong glacial action, and analyzes the correlation between the dynamic change trend of marine glaciers and changes in climate and environmental factors through two-way analysis.

[0024] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0025] (1) The present invention discloses a monitoring method for marine glaciers. The method is based on GNSS and is compatible with a variety of sensors. It integrates data collection, data transmission, data analysis, database and monitoring model. It is based on GNSS real-time satellite stereo image monitoring of marine glaciers and monitoring of marine glacier environmental parameters. It has the characteristics of high real-time performance, self-controllable software, and customizable and expandable hardware. It lays a solid foundation for real-time monitoring and refined dynamic tracking of marine glaciers with temperatures close to zero degrees or pressure melting point, high glacier replenishment, high melting, strong activity and strong glacier action. Through the two-way analysis of the correlation between the dynamic change trend of marine glaciers and the changes in climate and environmental factors, there is no need for manual monitoring work in the harsh environment of marine glaciers. It can greatly reduce the workload and potential risks of manual monitoring of marine high-altitude glaciers and improve the continuity, accuracy, timeliness and online visualization of data collection.

[0026] (2) The monitoring method for marine glaciers described in the present invention obtains multi-phase satellite stereo images of marine glaciers based on GNSS, grids the marine glaciers, and establishes multiple monitoring module monitoring points within the marine glacier area. The monitoring points cover the entire marine glacier area for real-time data monitoring. The monitoring and collection coverage is comprehensive. The marine glacier monitoring is implemented by a monitoring module consisting of GNSS, a sensor group, meteorology, a monitoring camera, and a seismograph. The sensor group includes a laser ranging sensor, an ice temperature sensor, an ice surface humidity sensor, a snowfall sensor, a wind speed sensor, and a radiation sensor. By carrying multiple sensors, multi-factor monitoring data for real-time monitoring of marine glaciers can be obtained. Real-time monitoring of multiple data parameters can be used to comprehensively analyze the factors affecting the changing trend of marine glaciers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] Figure 1 A flow chart of a monitoring method applicable to marine glaciers provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2A structural diagram of a monitoring module of a monitoring method suitable for marine glaciers provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a monitoring method applicable to marine glaciers, the method comprising the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: Data collection: Use the monitoring module to obtain real-time monitoring data of marine glaciers, and process the real-time monitoring data through the data processing module;

[0033] Step 2: Data transmission: The data collected by the monitoring module in real time is transmitted to the marine glacier monitoring station, and the monitoring station receives the real-time monitoring data of the marine glacier;

[0034] Step 3: Database establishment: Store real-time monitoring data of marine glaciers through monitoring stations, and establish a database for marine glacier monitoring according to the monitoring time series;

[0035] Step 4: Monitoring and analysis: Analyze the rise and fall of marine glaciers and the dynamic changes in the melting boundaries of marine glaciers in the monitoring area and the related factors of marine glacier changes based on the acquired real-time monitoring data of marine glaciers;

[0036] Step 5: Establish a DEM model: Establish a DEM model based on the data monitored by the database. The DEM model is a matrix composed of the elevation values ​​of regular grid points on the ground, forming a grid structure data set. The DEM model is used to obtain the trend of marine glacier changes in the monitoring area, and successfully obtain real-time information on the movement of marine glaciers, ice flow velocity of marine glaciers, and material ablation information;

[0037] The data collection includes real-time satellite stereo image monitoring of marine glaciers and marine glacier environmental parameter monitoring based on GNSS, and the data collection is realized by a monitoring module composed of GNSS, sensor group, meteorology, monitoring camera, and seismograph;

[0038] The data transmission can be transmitted in real time via 4G / 5G and published online through the network. Users can check the marine glacier monitoring data online at any time through browsers and mobile phones, which can greatly reduce the workload and potential risks of manual monitoring of marine high-altitude glaciers and improve the continuity, accuracy, timeliness and online visualization of data collection;

[0039] The database is established to record real-time data of marine glacier monitoring, providing data support for dynamic monitoring of marine glaciers, so as to conduct longitudinal monitoring and analysis of marine glaciers and prediction of their changing trends;

[0040] The monitoring and analysis is based on marine glacier monitoring software, which analyzes the mutual influence between various monitoring data and marine glacier change data under real-time monitoring of marine glaciers;

[0041] The DEM model is established by acquiring satellite stereo images of marine glaciers in multiple phases through GNSS, extracting glacier DEM models from the satellite stereo images of each phase to obtain the glacier DEM model of each phase, cropping the glacier DEM model of each phase to obtain the glacier DEM model of each phase with consistent regional range, correcting the corresponding satellite stereo images of each phase, constructing an irregular grid marine glacier DEM model, and calculating the glacier rise and fall and ablation changes of adjacent phases based on the irregular grid DEM model.

[0042] Specifically, the GNSS adopts the Beidou navigation satellite system. Beidou satellite navigation technology is combined with remote sensing and geographic information technology to obtain all-weather, all-day, high-precision image data of marine glaciers, and ice flow velocity data monitored in real time by GNSS to determine the movement status of glaciers and potential glacier surge phenomena.

[0043] Specifically, the sensor group includes a laser ranging sensor, an ice temperature sensor, an ice surface humidity sensor, a snowfall sensor, a wind speed sensor, and a radiation sensor. By carrying multiple sensors, multi-factor monitoring data for real-time monitoring of marine glaciers can be obtained; the laser ranging sensor is used to monitor the distance to the marine glacier ice surface in real time; the ice surface temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature parameters of the marine glacier ice surface in real time; the ice surface humidity sensor is used to monitor the humidity data of the marine glacier ice surface in real time; the snowfall sensor is used to monitor the snowfall in the marine glacier area in real time; the wind speed sensor is used to monitor the wind speed of the marine glacier ice surface in real time; the radiation sensor is used to monitor the radiation of the marine glacier ice surface in real time, and the real-time data parameters of the marine glacier ice surface distance, ice surface temperature, ice surface humidity, snowfall, wind speed and radiation collected by the sensor group, and the multi-environmental data parameters comprehensively analyze the influencing factors of the changing trend of the marine glacier, so that the data monitoring and collection are more comprehensive and the real-time performance is good.

[0044] Specifically, the monitoring of the distance from the ice surface of the marine glacier is used to determine whether the marine glacier is in a melting or accumulation period according to changes in the distance from the ice surface. When the distance from the laser ranging sensor to the ice surface decreases, the marine glacier begins to be in an accumulation period; when the distance from the laser ranging sensor to the ice surface increases, the marine glacier begins to be in a melting period. The period is measured in years. Based on the number of days in the accumulation period and the number of days in the ablation period of the marine glacier, the ratio of the accumulation period to the ablation period within the period of years is obtained. At the same time, the changes in the number of days in the accumulation period and the number of days in the ablation period can be compared longitudinally.

[0045] Specifically, the meteorology includes temperature, humidity and air pressure. Real-time environmental temperature data, environmental humidity data and environmental air pressure data in the marine glacier area are obtained through meteorological satellites. According to the real-time monitoring dynamic changes of temperature, humidity and air pressure, the monitored temperature, humidity and air pressure are input into the DEM model to obtain the correlation between the marine glacier environmental temperature, humidity and air pressure and the glacier change trend, and the meteorology is added to the monitoring scope.

[0046] Specifically, the monitoring camera is used to obtain real-time high-definition video image data of marine glaciers, so as to realize remote viewing of marine glaciers.

[0047] Specifically, the seismograph is used to obtain geological movement parameters in the marine glacier monitoring area, obtain the two-way correlation between geological movement and marine glacier, and obtain the changing interaction between geological movement and marine glacier.

[0048] Specifically, the monitoring module obtains multi-phase satellite stereo images of marine glaciers based on GNSS, grids the marine glaciers, and establishes multiple monitoring points of the monitoring modules within the marine glacier area. The monitoring points cover the entire marine glacier area for real-time data monitoring. The sensor group, meteorology, monitoring cameras, and seismographs on the monitoring modules are integrated and installed. The establishment of monitoring points covering marine glaciers replaces manual data collection for marine glacier monitoring. The rationally distributed monitoring points make the monitoring and collection data more regional, comprehensive, and real-time than manual monitoring and collection.

[0049] Specifically, the method is based on GNSS compatibility with a variety of sensors, integrating data collection, data transmission, data analysis, database and monitoring model, with high real-time performance, autonomous and controllable software, and customizable and expandable hardware. It lays a solid foundation for real-time monitoring and refined dynamic tracking of marine glaciers with temperatures close to zero degrees or pressure melting point, high glacier replenishment, high melting, strong activity and strong glacial action. Through the correlation between the two-way analysis of the dynamic change trend of marine glaciers and changes in climate and environmental factors, the method is more systematic and the monitoring is complete.

[0050] When in use, firstly based on the GNSS Beidou navigation satellite system, Beidou satellite navigation technology is combined with remote sensing and geographic information technology to obtain all-weather, all-day, high-precision image data of marine glaciers, GNSS real-time monitoring of ice flow rate data, to determine the movement of glaciers and potential glacier surge phenomena, and then based on GNSS to obtain multi-phase satellite stereo images of marine glaciers, grid the marine glaciers, establish multiple monitoring module monitoring points within the marine glacier area, and install monitoring modules integrated with sensor groups, meteorology, monitoring cameras, and seismographs at the monitoring points of the marine glaciers. The monitoring modules conduct real-time monitoring of the marine glaciers at the monitoring points, that is, integrated laser ranging sensors, ice temperature sensors, ice The sensor group of surface humidity sensor, snowfall sensor, wind speed sensor and radiation sensor collects real-time data parameters of marine glacier ice surface distance, ice surface temperature, ice surface humidity, snowfall, wind speed and radiation. The real-time environmental temperature data, environmental humidity data and environmental air pressure data parameters in the marine glacier area are obtained through meteorological satellites. The monitoring camera obtains real-time high-definition video image data of the marine glacier. The seismograph obtains geological movement parameters in the marine glacier monitoring area. The monitoring data collected by the monitoring module is processed by the data processing module and transmitted in real time through 4G / 5G. The data is transmitted to the marine glacier monitoring station and published online through the Internet. Users can check the marine glacier online at any time through browsers and mobile phones. The oceanic glacier monitoring data can greatly reduce the workload and potential risks of manual monitoring of high-altitude oceanic glaciers, and improve the continuity, accuracy, timeliness and online visualization of data collection. By storing real-time monitoring data of oceanic glaciers at monitoring stations, a database for oceanic glacier monitoring is established according to the monitoring time series, providing data platform support for dynamic monitoring of oceanic glaciers, so that longitudinal monitoring and analysis of oceanic glaciers and prediction of change trends can be carried out. Based on the oceanic glacier monitoring software, the dynamic changes of the rise and fall of oceanic glaciers and the ablation boundaries and the related factors of oceanic glacier changes in the monitoring area are analyzed according to the acquired real-time monitoring data of oceanic glaciers. A DEM model is established based on the data monitored in the database. The DEM model is composed of ground regulations and ground The matrix composed of the elevation values ​​of the grid points forms a grid structure data set, and an irregular grid marine glacier DEM model is constructed. The change trend of the marine glacier in the monitoring area is obtained through the DEM model, and the real-time information of the marine glacier movement, the ice flow rate of the marine glacier, and the material ablation information are successfully obtained. Based on GNSS compatibility with a variety of sensors, it integrates data acquisition, data transmission, data analysis, database and monitoring model in one, with high real-time performance, self-controllable software, customizable and expandable hardware. There is no need for manual monitoring in the harsh environment of marine glaciers, which can greatly reduce the workload and potential risks of manual monitoring of marine high-altitude glaciers, and improve the continuity, accuracy, timeliness and online visualization of data acquisition.It lays a solid foundation for real-time monitoring and refined dynamic tracking of marine glaciers with temperatures close to zero degrees or pressure melting point, high glacier recharge, high melting, strong activity, and strong glacier action, and through two-way analysis of the dynamic change trend of marine glaciers and the correlation between changes in climate and environmental factors.

[0051] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A monitoring method applicable to marine glaciers, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Data collection: Use the monitoring module to obtain real-time monitoring data of marine glaciers, and process the real-time monitoring data through the data processing module; Step 2: Data transmission: The data collected by the monitoring module in real time is transmitted to the marine glacier monitoring station, and the monitoring station receives the real-time monitoring data of the marine glacier; Step 3: Database establishment: Store real-time monitoring data of marine glaciers through monitoring stations, and establish a database for marine glacier monitoring according to the monitoring time series; Step 4: Monitoring and analysis: Analyze the rise and fall of marine glaciers and the dynamic changes in the melting boundaries of marine glaciers in the monitoring area and the related factors of marine glacier changes based on the acquired real-time monitoring data of marine glaciers; Step 5: Establish a DEM model: Establish a DEM model based on the data monitored by the database. The DEM model is a matrix composed of the elevation values ​​of regular grid points on the ground, forming a grid structure data set. The DEM model is used to obtain the trend of marine glacier changes in the monitoring area, and successfully obtain real-time information on the movement of marine glaciers, ice flow velocity of marine glaciers, and material ablation information; The data collection includes real-time satellite stereo image monitoring of marine glaciers and marine glacier environmental parameter monitoring based on GNSS, and the data collection is realized by a monitoring module composed of GNSS, sensor group, meteorology, monitoring camera, and seismograph; The data transmission can be transmitted in real time via 4G / 5G and published online through the network. Users can check the marine glacier monitoring data online at any time through browsers and mobile phones, which can greatly reduce the workload and potential risks of manual monitoring of marine high-altitude glaciers and improve the continuity, accuracy, timeliness and online visualization of data collection; The database is established to record real-time data of marine glacier monitoring, providing data support for dynamic monitoring of marine glaciers, so as to conduct longitudinal monitoring and analysis of marine glaciers and prediction of their changing trends; The monitoring and analysis is based on marine glacier monitoring software, which analyzes the mutual influence between various monitoring data and marine glacier change data under real-time monitoring of marine glaciers; The DEM model is established by acquiring satellite stereo images of marine glaciers in multiple phases through GNSS, extracting glacier DEM models from the satellite stereo images of each phase to obtain the glacier DEM model of each phase, cropping the glacier DEM model of each phase to obtain the glacier DEM model of each phase with consistent regional range, correcting the corresponding satellite stereo images of each phase, constructing an irregular grid marine glacier DEM model, and calculating the glacier rise and fall and ablation changes of adjacent phases based on the irregular grid DEM model.

2. A monitoring method applicable to marine glaciers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The GNSS adopts the Beidou navigation satellite system. The Beidou satellite navigation technology is combined with remote sensing and geographic information technology to obtain all-weather, all-day, high-precision image data of marine glaciers, and ice flow velocity data monitored in real time by GNSS to determine the movement status of glaciers and potential glacier surge phenomena.

3. A monitoring method applicable to marine glaciers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor group includes a laser distance sensor, an ice temperature sensor, an ice surface humidity sensor, a snowfall sensor, a wind speed sensor, and a radiation sensor. By carrying multiple sensors, multi-factor monitoring data for real-time monitoring of marine glaciers can be obtained; The laser ranging sensor is used to monitor the distance to the marine glacier ice surface in real time; the ice surface temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature parameters of the marine glacier ice surface in real time; the ice surface humidity sensor is used to monitor the humidity data of the marine glacier ice surface in real time; the snowfall sensor is used to monitor the snowfall in the marine glacier area in real time; the wind speed sensor is used to monitor the wind speed of the marine glacier ice surface in real time; the radiation sensor is used to monitor the radiation of the marine glacier ice surface in real time. The sensor group collects the marine glacier ice surface distance, ice surface temperature, ice surface humidity, snowfall, wind speed and radiation real-time data parameters, and multiple environmental data parameters to comprehensively analyze the factors affecting the changing trend of marine glaciers.

4. A monitoring method applicable to marine glaciers according to claim 3, characterized in that: The monitoring of the distance to the ice surface of the marine glacier is used to determine whether the marine glacier is in ablation or accumulation period according to changes in the distance to the ice surface. When the distance between the laser ranging sensor and the ice surface decreases, the marine glacier begins to be in an accumulation period; when the distance between the laser ranging sensor and the ice surface increases, the marine glacier begins to be in ablation period. The period is measured in years. Based on the number of days in the accumulation period and the number of days in the ablation period of the marine glacier, the ratio of the accumulation period to the ablation period within the period of years is obtained, and at the same time, the changes in the number of days in the accumulation period and the number of days in the ablation period can be compared longitudinally.

5. The monitoring method for marine glaciers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The meteorology includes temperature, humidity and air pressure. Real-time environmental temperature data, environmental humidity data and environmental air pressure data in the marine glacier area are obtained through meteorological satellites. According to the real-time monitoring dynamic changes of temperature, humidity and air pressure, the monitored temperature, humidity and air pressure are input into the DEM model to obtain the correlation between the marine glacier environmental temperature, humidity and air pressure and the glacier change trend.

6. A monitoring method applicable to marine glaciers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring camera is used to obtain real-time high-definition video image data of marine glaciers, so as to realize remote viewing of marine glaciers.

7. The monitoring method for marine glaciers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seismograph is used to obtain geological movement parameters in the marine glacier monitoring area and obtain the two-way correlation between geological movement and marine glacier.

8. The monitoring method for marine glaciers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring module obtains multi-phase satellite stereo images of marine glaciers based on GNSS, grids the marine glaciers, and establishes multiple monitoring points of the monitoring modules within the marine glacier area. The monitoring points cover the entire marine glacier area for real-time data monitoring. The sensor group, meteorology, monitoring camera, and seismograph on the monitoring module are installed in an integrated manner.

9. The monitoring method for marine glaciers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method is based on GNSS compatibility with a variety of sensors, integrating data collection, data transmission, data analysis, database and monitoring model, with high real-time performance, autonomous and controllable software, and customizable and expandable hardware. It lays a solid foundation for real-time monitoring and refined dynamic tracking of marine glaciers with temperatures close to zero degrees or pressure melting point, high glacier replenishment, high melting, strong activity and strong glacial action, and analyzes the correlation between the dynamic change trend of marine glaciers and changes in climate and environmental factors through two-way analysis.

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