Dual-medium combustion chamber and gas turbine
The dual-fluid combustion chamber enhances gas turbine efficiency by absorbing heat dissipation energy with a second working fluid, improving thermal efficiency and gas flow rate, and extending the life of mechanical parts.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202211203796.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2022-09-29
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-06
- Estimated Expiration
- 2042-09-29
AI Technical Summary
Single gas turbines have limited efficiency and cannot meet the requirements of high-efficiency occasions.
A dual-fluid combustion chamber with a flame tube, first and second shells forming outer flow channels, and a nozzle for fuel injection, along with heating protrusions and mixing zones, enhances heat utilization and gas flow rate by absorbing heat dissipation energy with a second working fluid.
Improves thermal efficiency and gas flow rate, increasing the efficiency of mechanical parts like turbines and piston expanders, and extends the service life of structural components.
Smart Images
Figure CN115682031B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of thermal engines, and in particular to a dual-fluid combustion chamber and a gas turbine. Background Art
[0002] The gas turbine is mainly composed of three parts: compressor, combustion chamber and turbine, and is equipped with intake, exhaust, control, transmission and other auxiliary systems. It uses air as the medium and is a rotary power machine that converts the heat energy generated by fuel combustion into mechanical work for external output. Its working process is as follows: the compressor, which is driven by the turbine and rotates, continuously inhales air from the atmosphere and compresses and increases the pressure. The compressed air enters the combustion chamber, mixes with the injected fuel and burns, becomes high-temperature combustion gas, flows into the turbine to expand and do work, and the pressure of the combustion gas after doing work drops to atmospheric pressure and is finally discharged into the atmosphere. The high-temperature combustion gas formed after combustion and heating has greatly improved its work capacity, making the turbine's work output significantly greater than the compressor's work consumption, and there is more surplus work to output to drive the load.
[0003] Gas turbines have become a widely used power machinery equipment due to their compactness, high power, and easy installation. However, a single gas turbine has limited efficiency and cannot meet the use requirements of high-efficiency occasions.
[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to propose a new technical solution to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention
[0005] One object of the present application is to provide a dual-fluid combustion chamber, which can improve the heat utilization rate and the gas flow rate and pressure ejected from the gas outlet.
[0006] In the first aspect, the present application provides a dual-fluid combustion chamber. The dual-fluid combustion chamber includes a flame tube, a first shell, a second shell, a nozzle and an igniter. The flame tube includes a first mixing zone, a main combustion zone, a second mixing zone and an air outlet that are connected in sequence. The flame tube is provided with a first mixing hole and a second mixing hole. The first mixing hole is connected to the first mixing zone, and the second mixing hole is connected to the second mixing zone. The first shell is arranged around the flame tube and cooperates with the flame tube to form a first outer flow channel with a first opening. The first opening is used to pass air, and the first outer flow channel is connected to the first mixing hole. The second shell is arranged around the part of the flame tube corresponding to the main combustion zone and the second mixing zone, and cooperates with the flame tube to form a second outer flow channel with a second opening. The second opening is used to pass the second working fluid. The second working fluid is a gas or a substance that can be phase-changed into a gas after heating. The second outer flow channel is connected to the second mixing hole. The nozzle is connected to the flame tube and is used to pass fuel into the first mixing zone. The igniter is connected to the flame tube or the first shell and is used to ignite the fuel in the first mixing zone.
[0007] Furthermore, a plurality of first heating protrusions are distributed on the outer surface of the flame tube corresponding to the main combustion zone.
[0008] Furthermore, a plurality of second heating protrusions are distributed on the outer surface of the flame tube corresponding to the second mixing zone.
[0009] Furthermore, the second mixing holes are arranged in a plurality of rows along the extension direction of the second mixing zone, and the second mixing holes in two adjacent rows are arranged alternately in the extension direction of the second mixing zone.
[0010] Furthermore, the angle between the axis of the second mixing hole and the extension direction of the second mixing zone is 30-90°.
[0011] Furthermore, the flame tube also includes a third mixing zone, the second mixing zone, the third mixing zone and the air outlet are connected in sequence, a third mixing hole is opened on the flame tube, and the third mixing hole is connected to the first outer flow channel.
[0012] Furthermore, the third mixing holes are arranged in a plurality of rows along the extension direction of the third mixing zone, and the third mixing holes in two adjacent rows are arranged alternately in the extension direction of the third mixing zone.
[0013] Furthermore, the angle between the axis of the third mixing hole and the extension direction of the third mixing zone is 30-90°.
[0014] Furthermore, the flame tube is an annular flame tube, which includes an outer tube, an inner tube, a tail plate and a partition. The outer tube is sleeved outside the inner tube, and the tail plate is respectively connected to the inner tube and the outer tube. The outer tube and the inner tube are bent inward so that the air outlet is facing the direction of the tail plate; one end of the partition is connected to the outer tube, and the other end extends toward the direction of the tail plate, so that the first mixing zone, the main combustion zone and the second mixing zone that are connected in sequence are formed in the flame tube.
[0015] In the second aspect, the present application also provides a gas turbine, which includes a rotating shaft, a compressor, a turbine and the dual-fluid combustion chamber described in any embodiment of the first aspect, the compressor and the turbine are sleeved on the rotating shaft, the compressor is connected to the first opening of the first outer flow channel of the dual-fluid combustion chamber, and the turbine is opposite to the air outlet of the dual-fluid combustion chamber.
[0016] In the embodiment of the present application, a second outer shell is provided outside the flame tube to form a second outer flow channel adjacent to the main combustion zone. The heat emitted by the main combustion zone can heat the second working medium in the second outer flow channel to form high-temperature and high-pressure gas. That is, the energy lost by heat dissipation in the main combustion zone is absorbed by the second working medium, and then mixed with the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas generated in the main combustion zone and ejected to do work. On the one hand, the thermal efficiency can be improved, and on the other hand, the gas flow rate and gas pressure ejected from the flame tube outlet are increased, which can improve the efficiency of mechanical parts such as turbines and piston expanders. At the same time, the second working medium in the second outer flow channel contacts the partition when passing into the second mixing zone, which can cool the partition, protect the partition structure, and extend the service life of the partition. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.
[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a combustion chamber provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0019] Description of reference numerals:
[0020] 100. Flame tube; 200. Nozzle; 300. First outer shell; 400. Second outer shell; 110. Outer tube; 120. Inner tube; 130. Tail plate; 140. Partition; 150. Air outlet; 160. First mixing zone; 170. Main combustion zone; 180. Second mixing zone; 111. First mixing hole; 121. Second mixing hole; 500. First outer flow channel; 510. First opening; 600. Second outer flow channel; 610. Second opening; 122. Second heating protrusion; 190. Third mixing zone; 112. Third mixing hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
[0022] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings. At the same time, in the description of this application, the terms "primary", "secondary", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0023] In the first aspect, the present application provides a dual-medium combustion chamber, which includes a flame tube 100, a first shell 300, a second shell 400, a nozzle 200 and an igniter. The flame tube 100 includes a first mixing zone 160, a main combustion zone 170, a second mixing zone 180 and an air outlet 150 which are connected in sequence. The flame tube 100 is provided with a first mixing hole 111 and a second mixing hole 121. The first mixing hole 111 is connected to the first mixing zone 160, and the second mixing hole 121 is connected to the second mixing zone 180. The first shell 300 is arranged around the flame tube 100 and cooperates with the flame tube 100 to form a first outer flow channel 500 having a first opening 510. The first opening 510 is used to let in air. The first outer flow channel 500 is connected to the first mixing hole 111. The second housing 400 is disposed around the portion of the flame tube 100 corresponding to the main combustion zone 170 and the second mixing zone 180, and cooperates with the flame tube 100 to form a second outer flow channel 600 having a second opening 610. The second opening 610 is used to pass a second working medium, which is a gas or a substance that can be phase-changed to a gas after heating. The second outer flow channel 600 is connected to the second mixing hole 121. The nozzle 200 is connected to the flame tube 100 and is used to pass fuel into the first mixing zone 160. The igniter is connected to the flame tube 100 or the first housing 300 and is used to ignite the fuel in the first mixing zone 160.
[0024] The above-mentioned second outer shell 400 is arranged around the part of the flame tube 100 corresponding to the main combustion zone 170 and the second mixing zone 180. It should be understood that the second outer flow channel 600 is adjacent to the main combustion zone 170 and the second mixing zone 180 with the cylinder body of the flame tube 100 between them, and the heat dissipated from the main combustion zone 170 in the flame tube 100 can enter the second outer flow channel 600.
[0025] In the above implementation process, the nozzle 200 sprays fuel into the first mixing zone 160. Since the first outer flow channel 500 is connected to the first mixing zone 160 through the first mixing hole 111, air, i.e., the first working fluid, can enter the first outer flow channel 500 through the first opening 510 of the first outer flow channel 500, and then enter the first mixing zone 160 through the first mixing hole 111 to mix with the fuel. The igniter ignites the fuel, and the fuel is mainly burned in the main combustion zone 170 to generate high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas, and then the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas flows into the second mixing zone 180. At the same time, the second working fluid enters the second outer flow channel 600 from the second opening 610, and the heat emitted by the main combustion zone 170 heats the second working fluid. If the second working fluid is a gas such as nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, etc., after heating, it expands to form a high-temperature and high-pressure gas; if the second working fluid is a substance that can be phase-changed into a gas after heating, such as water, dry ice, liquid nitrogen, etc., after heating and absorbing heat, it forms a high-temperature and high-pressure gas. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated in the second outer flow channel 600 is sprayed into the second mixing zone 180 at high speed through the second mixing hole 121, and mixed with the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas in the second mixing zone 180. The mixed flue gas is ejected from the gas outlet 150 and sprayed to the turbine, piston expander, vortex expander and other mechanical components that can convert the energy of the flowing working fluid into mechanical work to perform work.
[0026] Part of the heat generated by the main combustion zone 170 of the existing flame tube 100 is lost in the form of being dissipated from the flame tube 100 to the air around the flame tube 100. The above embodiment of the present application forms a second outer flow channel 600 adjacent to the main combustion zone 170 by setting a second outer shell 400 outside the flame tube 100. The heat dissipated by the main combustion zone 170 can heat the second working medium in the second outer flow channel 600 to form a high-temperature and high-pressure gas, that is, the energy lost by the main combustion zone 170 in heat dissipation is absorbed by the second working medium, and then mixed with the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas generated by the main combustion zone 170 and ejected to do work. On the one hand, the thermal efficiency can be improved, and on the other hand, the gas flow rate and gas pressure ejected from the gas outlet 150 of the flame tube 100 are increased, which can improve the efficiency of mechanical parts such as turbines and piston expanders. Therefore, when the dual-working medium combustion chamber is applied to a gas turbine, the efficiency of the gas turbine can be effectively improved, so that the gas turbine can meet the use requirements of high-efficiency occasions.
[0027] Furthermore, the flame tube 100 is an annular flame tube 100, and the annular flame tube 100 includes an outer tube 110, an inner tube 120, a tail plate 130 and a partition 140. The outer tube 110 is sleeved outside the inner tube 120, and the tail plate 130 connects the inner tube 120 and the outer tube 110 respectively. The outer tube 110 and the inner tube 120 are bent inwardly so that the air outlet 150 is facing the direction of the tail plate 130; one end of the partition 140 is connected to the outer tube 110, and the other end extends toward the direction of the tail plate 130, so that the first mixing zone 160, the main combustion zone 170 and the second mixing zone 180 connected in sequence are formed in the flame tube 100.
[0028] When the gas in the second outer flow channel 600 passes into the second mixing zone 180 , it contacts the partition 140 , which can cool the partition 140 , protect the structure of the partition 140 , and extend the service life of the partition 140 .
[0029] In a possible implementation manner, a plurality of first heating protrusions are distributed on the outer surface of the flame tube 100 corresponding to the main combustion zone 170 .
[0030] In the above implementation process, the first heating protrusion can increase the contact area between the second working fluid and the main combustion zone 170 corresponding to the flame tube 100, improve the heating effect on the second working fluid in the second outer flow channel 600, increase the energy of the gaseous second working fluid or the second working fluid that is phase-changed into gas, and thereby increase the gas flow and pressure at the gas outlet 150 of the flame tube 100.
[0031] In a possible implementation manner, a plurality of second heating protrusions 122 are distributed on the outer surface of the flame tube 100 corresponding to the second mixing zone 180 .
[0032] In the above implementation process, the second heating protrusion 122 can increase the surface area of the flame tube 100 in the second outer flow channel 600, improve the heating effect of the gas in the second outer flow channel 600, increase its energy or pressure, and thereby increase the gas flow and pressure at the gas outlet 150 of the flame tube 100.
[0033] In a possible implementation, the second mixing holes 121 are arranged in multiple rows along the extension direction of the second mixing zone 180 , and the second mixing holes 121 in two adjacent rows are arranged alternately in the extension direction of the second mixing zone 180 .
[0034] In the above implementation process, a plurality of second mixing holes 121 are arranged in multiple rows, and two adjacent rows of second mixing holes 121 are staggered in the axial direction. The high-temperature or high-pressure gas formed after the second working fluid phase changes is sprayed into the second mixing zone 180 from the second mixing holes 121, and a high-pressure gas column is formed in the second mixing zone 180. The second mixing holes 121 are arranged in a staggered manner, which can increase the collision and contact between the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas from the main combustion zone 170 and the high-temperature or high-pressure gas formed by the phase change, improve the mixing uniformity between the two, and facilitate blowing to the turbine to do work.
[0035] In a possible implementation manner, an angle between the axis of the second mixing hole 121 and the extension direction of the second mixing zone 180 is 30-90°.
[0036] In the above implementation process, the angle between the axis of the second mixing hole 121 and the extension direction of the second mixing zone 180 is limited to 30-90°, so that the gas entering the second mixing hole 121 can collide with the high-temperature flue gas from the main combustion zone 170 at a certain angle, thereby improving the mixing effect.
[0037] In a possible implementation, the flame tube 100 further includes a third mixing zone 190 , the second mixing zone 180 , the third mixing zone 190 are sequentially connected to the air outlet 150 , and a third mixing hole 112 is opened on the flame tube 100 , and the third mixing hole 112 is connected to the first outer flow channel 500 .
[0038] In the above implementation process, a third mixing zone 190 is set between the second mixing zone 180 and the air outlet 150, and the air in the first outer flow channel 500 is passed into the third mixing zone 190 through the third mixing hole 112, and is further mixed with the high-temperature and high-pressure gas from the second mixing zone 180, and is cooled to facilitate it to be blown to the turbine to do work.
[0039] In a possible implementation, the third mixing holes 112 are arranged in multiple rows along the extension direction of the third mixing zone 190 , and the third mixing holes 112 in two adjacent rows are arranged alternately in the extension direction of the third mixing zone 190 .
[0040] In the above implementation process, the air in the first outer flow channel 500 enters the third mixing zone 190 through the third mixing holes 112, and a high-pressure air column is formed in the third mixing zone 190. The third mixing holes 112 are arranged in a staggered manner, which can increase the collision and contact between the high-temperature and high-pressure mixed flue gas from the second mixing zone 180 and the air, improve the mixing uniformity between the two, and facilitate blowing to the turbine to do work.
[0041] In a possible implementation manner, an angle between the axis of the third mixing hole 112 and the extension direction of the third mixing zone 190 is 30-90°.
[0042] In the above implementation process, the angle between the axis of the third mixing hole 112 and the extension direction of the third mixing zone 190 is limited to 30-90°, so that the air entering the third mixing hole 112 can collide with the high-temperature and high-pressure mixed flue gas from the second mixing zone 180 at a certain angle, thereby improving the mixing effect.
[0043] In the second aspect, the present application also provides a gas turbine, which includes a rotating shaft, a compressor, a turbine and the dual-fluid combustion chamber described in any embodiment of the first aspect, the compressor and the turbine are sleeved on the rotating shaft, the compressor is connected to the first opening 510 of the first outer flow channel 500 of the dual-fluid combustion chamber, and the turbine is opposite to the air outlet 150 of the dual-fluid combustion chamber.
[0044] In the above implementation process, the use of the above dual-fluid combustion chamber can effectively improve the efficiency and thermal efficiency of the gas turbine.
[0045] The above description is only an embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings.
[0046] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
[0047] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as primary and secondary are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.
Claims
1. A dual-fluid combustion chamber, It is characterized in that include: The flame tube comprises a first mixing zone, a main combustion zone, a second mixing zone and an air outlet which are connected in sequence, wherein a first mixing hole and a second mixing hole are opened on the flame tube, the first mixing hole is connected to the first mixing zone, and the second mixing hole is connected to the second mixing zone; A first housing is disposed around the flame tube and cooperates with the flame tube to form a first outer flow channel having a first opening, wherein the first opening is used to allow air to flow in, and the first outer flow channel is communicated with the first mixing hole; A second housing is disposed around a portion of the flame tube corresponding to the main combustion zone and the second mixing zone, and cooperates with the flame tube to form a second outer flow channel having a second opening, the second opening is used to introduce a second working medium, the second working medium is a gas or a substance that can be phase-changed into a gas after heating, and the second outer flow channel is connected to the second mixing hole; A nozzle connected to the flame tube and used for introducing fuel into the first mixing zone; an igniter, connected to the flame tube or the first housing, for igniting the fuel in the first mixing zone; The flame tube is an annular flame tube, which includes an outer tube, an inner tube, a tail plate and a partition. The outer tube is sleeved outside the inner tube, and the tail plate is respectively connected to the inner tube and the outer tube. The outer tube and the inner tube are bent inward so that the air outlet is facing the direction of the tail plate; one end of the partition is connected to the outer tube, and the other end extends toward the direction of the tail plate, so that the first mixing zone, the main combustion zone and the second mixing zone that are connected in sequence are formed in the flame tube; a plurality of first heating protrusions are distributed on the outer surface of the flame tube corresponding to the main combustion zone.
2. The dual-fluid combustion chamber according to claim 1, It is characterized in that A plurality of second heating protrusions are distributed on the outer surface of the flame tube corresponding to the second mixing zone.
3. The dual-fluid combustion chamber according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The second mixing holes are arranged in a plurality of rows along the extension direction of the second mixing zone, and the second mixing holes in two adjacent rows are arranged alternately in the extension direction of the second mixing zone.
4. The dual-fluid combustion chamber according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The angle between the axis of the second mixing hole and the extension direction of the second mixing zone is 30-90°.
5. The dual-fluid combustion chamber according to claim 4, It is characterized in that The flame tube also includes a third mixing zone, the second mixing zone and the third mixing zone are connected to the air outlet in sequence, a third mixing hole is opened on the flame tube, and the third mixing hole is connected to the first outer flow channel.
6. The dual-fluid combustion chamber according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The third mixing holes are arranged in a plurality of rows along the extension direction of the third mixing zone, and the third mixing holes in two adjacent rows are arranged alternately in the extension direction of the third mixing zone.
7. The dual-fluid combustion chamber according to claim 6, It is characterized in that The angle between the axis of the third mixing hole and the extension direction of the third mixing zone is 30-90°.
8. A gas turbine, It is characterized in that It comprises a rotating shaft, a compressor, a turbine and the dual-fluid combustion chamber as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the compressor and the turbine are sleeved on the rotating shaft, the compressor is connected to the first opening of the first outer flow channel of the dual-fluid combustion chamber, and the turbine is opposite to the air outlet of the dual-fluid combustion chamber.