A kind of humus soil for raising rice seedlings with garden waste as main raw material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a humus soil for raising seedlings with garden waste as main raw materials and a preparation method thereof. The humus soil for raising seedlings with garden waste as main raw materials mainly comprises the following components: fallen leaves of broad-leaved trees, fallen leaves of coniferous trees, waste of greening plants, sand, garden soil, mixed nutrient elements, compound microbial bacterial liquid and water, which are suitable for raising seedlings and cultivating; through micro-carbonization and de-allelopathic treatment, the humus soil has no inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling growth, has no threat of potential diseases and insect pests, is rich in nutrients, has strong microbial activity, moderate porosity and pH value, has good promoting effect on seed germination and seedling growth, can replace peat, nutrient soil, greening matrix and humus soil under forests, can be used for agricultural planting, and can also be used for urban and garden greening; through micro-carbonization and de-allelopathic treatment, potential diseases and insect pests and de-allelopathic treatment can be quickly killed, and polyamine substances such as putrescine and cadaverine produced under anaerobic conditions of soybean meal are used as plant growth regulators.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a humus soil for raising rice seedlings with garden waste as a main raw material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] More than 300 tons of garden waste are produced annually in gardens in Changchun's main urban area, mainly dead branches and leaves of various high-organic matter trees, shrubs and flowers. Direct incineration or landfill treatment not only pollutes the atmosphere and groundwater, but also wastes a large amount of organic resources. As the country lists peat soil as a non-renewable resource, the shortage of rice seedling soil is becoming increasingly prominent. If the above-mentioned garden waste is directly used as raw material for rice seedling humus soil, there is a potential threat of pests and diseases and allelopathic effects. Common methods for removing pests and diseases and allelopathic effects are natural decomposition, supplemented by various pesticides and fungicides or high-temperature fermentation treatment, which has the problems of high cost, long time and large nutrient loss.

[0003] The invention uses main garden waste in Changchun area as main raw materials, quickly kills potential pests and diseases and removes allelopathic effects through micro-carbonization and de-allelopathic effects, and utilizes polyamine substances such as putrescine and cadaverine produced under anaerobic conditions of soybean meal as plant growth regulators to prepare a humus soil for raising seedlings, which is safe for planting seedlings, rich in nutrients, has strong microbial activity, and has suitable porosity and pH value. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems raised in the above background technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a seedling humus soil with garden waste as the main raw material and a preparation method, which is suitable for seedling cultivation, has no inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling growth through micro-carbonization and de-allelopathic treatment, has no potential threat of diseases and pests, is rich in nutrients, has strong microbial activity, moderate porosity and pH value, and has a good promoting effect on seed germination and seedling growth.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a kind of humus soil for raising seedlings with garden waste as the main raw material, characterized in that the humus soil for raising seedlings with garden waste as the main raw material mainly includes the following components: fallen leaves of broad-leaved trees, fallen leaves of coniferous trees, green plant waste, sand, garden soil, mixed nutrient elements, composite microbial liquid, and water.

[0006] As an improvement, the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-25wt% of fallen leaves of broad-leaved trees, 5%-10wt% of fallen leaves of coniferous trees, 15-25wt% of green plant waste, 3-5wt% of soybean meal, 3-8wt% of sand, 25-35wt% of garden soil, 0.5-1wt% of mixed nutrient elements, 10-15wt% of composite microbial liquid and 5-20wt% of water.

[0007] As an improvement, the composition is composed of the following parts by weight: 18wt% of fallen leaves of broad-leaved trees, 8wt% of fallen leaves of coniferous trees, 18wt% of green plant waste, 5wt% of soybean meal, 5% of sand, 30% of garden soil, 1wt% of mixed nutrient elements, 10wt% of composite microbial liquid, and 5wt% of water.

[0008] A method for preparing humus soil for raising rice seedlings using garden waste as main raw material comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) subjecting fallen leaves of broadleaved trees, fallen leaves of coniferous trees, and wastes of green plants to micro-carbonization treatment at a mass ratio of 1.5-2.5:0.5-1:1.5-2.5 at 350-550° C. under anoxic conditions for 10-15 minutes;

[0010] (2) the micro-carbonized garden waste mixture is crushed to a particle size of ≤5 mm, and then stirred and mixed for later use;

[0011] (3) Add 5wt% soybean meal and 13wt% garden soil to the micro-carbonized particles and mix them evenly. During the mixing process, spray 10wt% of composite microbial liquid and 1wt% of mixed nutrient elements dissolved in water and sprayed;

[0012] (4) The process of removing allelopathic effects is as follows: a windproof and flat site is selected, a layer of broad-leaved fallen leaves with a thickness of about 1-2 cm is spread as a base, and the mixed mixture is piled on it, the moisture content is controlled at 40%-50%, the pile height is 1.5-2m, the width is 3-5m, and the length is unlimited. During the process, 5wt% of water is added, and finally a layer of branches is covered on the surface, and the mixture is piled for 7 days;

[0013] (5) The mixture after de-allelopathic treatment is subjected to low-temperature drying or natural air drying to reduce its moisture content to 25%, and then 10 wt % of garden soil and 3 wt % of sand are added and evenly mixed. During the mixing process, 5 wt % of composite microbial liquid is sprayed to finally obtain humus soil for raising rice seedlings.

[0014] As an improvement, the porosity of the humus soil for raising rice seedlings is 55%-75%, the water content is 10%-25%, and the pH value is 5-7.

[0015] As an improvement, the broad-leaved fallen leaves are mostly poplar and willow, and at least one of Acer truncatum, elm, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus persica, red-leaf plum, Prunus mume, purple-leaf plum, Acer truncatum, elm, golden-leaf elm, birch, hawthorn, catalpa, hawthorn, crabapple, pear, Mongolian oak, and mountain ash; the coniferous fallen leaves are at least one of Pinus thunbergii, Pinus sylvestris, Picea australis, Larix olgensis, and Alpinia azedarach; the greening plant waste is at least one of the dead branches and leaves of Salvia sibiricum, the dead branches and leaves of Marigold, the dead branches and leaves of Begonia grandiflora, the dead branches and leaves of Begonia malus, the dead branches and leaves of Viola hornbeam, the dead branches and leaves of sage, and the dead branches and leaves of snapdragon.

[0016] As an improvement, the sprayed mixed nutrient elements consist of phosphorus and potassium, wherein the phosphorus is one or several of monoammonium phosphates, and the potassium is one or several of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate. The ratio of phosphorus to potassium is 2-2.5:1, calculated as phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide. One or two of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate can also be used.

[0017] As an improvement, the composite microbial liquid is a mixture of lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes and acetic acid bacteria.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: a humus soil for raising seedlings with garden waste as the main raw material and a preparation method thereof are suitable for raising seedlings and cultivating seedlings, have no inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling growth through micro-carbonization and de-allelopathic treatment, have no potential threat of pests and diseases, are rich in nutrients, have strong microbial activity, have moderate porosity and pH value, have a good promoting effect on seed germination and seedling growth, can replace peat, nutrient soil, greening matrix and understory humus soil, can be used for agricultural planting, can also be used for urban and garden greening, through micro-carbonization and The allelopathic treatment can quickly kill potential pests and diseases and remove allelopathic effects, and use polyamines such as putrescine and cadaverine produced under anaerobic conditions of soybean meal as plant growth regulators to quickly eliminate the harm of potential pests and diseases and allelopathic effects in the waste to seeds and seedlings, and significantly shorten the production time of humus soil prepared from garden waste; the prepared humus soil for raising seedlings has the advantages of high humus content, rich nutrients, moderate porosity and pH value, and strong activity of beneficial microorganisms, and can effectively realize the resource utilization of garden waste in Changchun area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is described below with specific embodiments, but is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

[0020] Embodiment 1

[0021] (1) A kind of humus soil for raising rice seedlings with garden waste as main raw material

[0022] 18wt% of fallen leaves of broad-leaved trees, 8wt% of fallen leaves of coniferous trees, 18wt% of waste from greening plants, 5wt% of soybean meal, 5% of sand, 30% of garden soil, 1wt% of mixed nutrient elements, 10wt% of composite microbial liquid, and 5wt% of water.

[0023] (2) Preparation method

[0024] The fallen leaves of broad-leaved trees, fallen leaves of coniferous trees and waste of green plants are micro-carbonized at a mass ratio of 1.5-2.5:0.5-1:1.5-2.5 under anoxic conditions at 350-550°C for 10-15 minutes; the fallen leaves of broad-leaved trees are mostly poplars and willows, and at least one of Acer truncatum, Ulmus prunus, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus persica, Prunus mume, Prunus cerasifera, Acer truncatum, Manchurian ash, Elm truncatum, Birch, Hawthorn, Begonia, Pear, Mongolian oak and Sorbus; the fallen leaves of coniferous trees are at least one of Pinus thunbergii, Pinus sylvestris, Picea australis, Larch and Alpinia dasyphylla; the waste of green plants are at least one of dead branches and leaves of Salvia sibiricum, dead branches and leaves of Marigold, dead branches and leaves of Malus multiflora, dead branches and leaves of Begonia sibiricum, dead branches and leaves of Viola hornbeam, dead branches and leaves of Sage and dead branches and leaves of Snapdragon.

[0025] The micro-carbonized garden waste mixture is pulverized to a particle size of ≤5 mm, and then stirred and mixed for later use.

[0026] 5wt% soybean meal and 13wt% garden soil are added to the micro-carbonized particles and mixed evenly. During the mixing process, 5wt% of the composite microbial liquid and 1wt% of the mixed nutrient elements are dissolved in water and sprayed. The sprayed mixed nutrient elements are composed of phosphorus and potassium, wherein the phosphorus is one or more of monoammonium phosphate, and the potassium is one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate. The ratio of phosphorus to potassium is 2-2.5:1, calculated in terms of phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide, and one or two of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate can also be used. The composite microbial liquid is a mixture of lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes and acetic acid bacteria.

[0027] During the de-allelopathic treatment process, soybean meal decomposes in an anaerobic environment to release putrescine and cadaverine, of which 50%-80% are converted into nitrogen-containing compounds by microorganisms and become the nitrogen source of humus soil. The rest is adsorbed in the humus soil and serves as a plant growth regulator, playing a role in improving germination rate and promoting plant growth. The nitrogen source of humus soil for seedling cultivation is the nitrogen-containing substance formed by the decomposition and synthesis of soybean meal by microorganisms under anaerobic conditions. The plant growth regulator of humus soil for seedling cultivation is polyamine substances such as putrescine and cadaverine formed by the decomposition and synthesis of soybean meal by microorganisms under anaerobic conditions.

[0028] The de-allelopathic treatment process is to select a windproof and flat site, spread a layer of broad-leaved fallen leaves about 1-2 cm thick as the base, and pile the mixed mixture on it, control the moisture content at 40%-50%, and pile up to a height of 1.5-2m, 3-5 meters wide, and unlimited length. During the process, add 5wt% of water, and finally cover the surface with a layer of branches, which are piled for 7 days. The branches covering the surface are tree and shrub prunings produced naturally or during the maintenance of green plants.

[0029] The mixture after the de-allelopathic treatment is low-temperature dried or naturally air-dried to reduce its moisture content to 25%, and then 10wt% of garden soil and 3wt% of sand are added and evenly mixed. During the mixing process, 5wt% of composite microbial liquid is sprayed to finally obtain rice seedling humus soil. The rice seedling humus soil has a porosity of 55%-75%, a moisture content of 10%-25%, and a pH value of 5-7.

[0030] Embodiment 2

[0031] (1) A kind of humus soil for raising rice seedlings with garden waste as main raw material

[0032] 20wt% of fallen leaves of broad-leaved trees, 6wt% of fallen leaves of coniferous trees, 16wt% of waste from greening plants, 6wt% of soybean meal, 5% of sand, 30% of garden soil, 1wt% of mixed nutrient elements, 8wt% of composite microbial liquid, and 8wt% of water.

[0033] (2) Preparation method

[0034] The fallen leaves of broad-leaved trees, fallen leaves of coniferous trees and waste of green plants are micro-carbonized at a mass ratio of 1.5-2.5:0.5-1:1.5-2.5 under anoxic conditions at 350-550°C for 10-15 minutes; the fallen leaves of broad-leaved trees are mostly poplars and willows, and at least one of Acer truncatum, Ulmus prunus, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus persica, Prunus mume, Prunus cerasifera, Acer truncatum, Manchurian ash, Elm truncatum, Birch, Hawthorn, Begonia, Pear, Mongolian oak and Sorbus; the fallen leaves of coniferous trees are at least one of Pinus thunbergii, Pinus sylvestris, Picea australis, Larch and Alpinia dasyphylla; the waste of green plants are at least one of dead branches and leaves of Salvia sibiricum, dead branches and leaves of Marigold, dead branches and leaves of Malus multiflora, dead branches and leaves of Begonia sibiricum, dead branches and leaves of Viola hornbeam, dead branches and leaves of Sage and dead branches and leaves of Snapdragon.

[0035] The micro-carbonized garden waste mixture is pulverized to a particle size of ≤5 mm, and then stirred and mixed for later use.

[0036] 6wt% soybean meal and 15wt% garden soil are added to the micro-carbonized particles and mixed evenly. During the mixing process, 5wt% of the composite microbial liquid and 1wt% of the mixed nutrient elements are dissolved in water and sprayed. The sprayed mixed nutrient elements are composed of phosphorus and potassium, wherein the phosphorus is one or more of monoammonium phosphate, and the potassium is one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate. The ratio of phosphorus to potassium is 2-2.5:1, calculated in terms of phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide, and one or two of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate can also be used. The composite microbial liquid is a mixture of lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes and acetic acid bacteria.

[0037] During the de-allelopathic treatment process, soybean meal decomposes in an anaerobic environment to release putrescine and cadaverine, of which 50%-80% are converted into nitrogen-containing compounds by microorganisms and become the nitrogen source of humus soil. The rest is adsorbed in the humus soil and serves as a plant growth regulator, playing a role in improving germination rate and promoting plant growth. The nitrogen source of humus soil for seedling cultivation is the nitrogen-containing substance formed by the decomposition and synthesis of soybean meal by microorganisms under anaerobic conditions. The plant growth regulator of humus soil for seedling cultivation is polyamine substances such as putrescine and cadaverine formed by the decomposition and synthesis of soybean meal by microorganisms under anaerobic conditions.

[0038] The de-allelopathic treatment process is to select a windproof and flat site, spread a layer of broad-leaved fallen leaves about 1-2 cm thick as the base, and pile the mixed mixture on it, control the moisture content at 40%-50%, and pile up to a height of 1.5-2m, 3-5 meters wide, and unlimited length. During the process, add 8wt% of water, and finally cover the surface with a layer of branches, which are piled for 7 days. The branches covering the surface are tree and shrub prunings produced naturally or during the maintenance of green plants.

[0039] The mixture after the de-allelopathic treatment is low-temperature dried or naturally air-dried to reduce its moisture content to 25%, and then 15wt% of garden soil and 5wt% of sand are added and evenly mixed. During the mixing process, 3wt% of composite microbial liquid is sprayed to finally obtain rice seedling humus soil. The rice seedling humus soil has a porosity of 55%-75%, a moisture content of 10%-25%, and a pH value of 5-7.

[0040] Experiment on germination of Chinese fir seeds

[0041]

[0042] De-allelopathic treatment time (days)

[0043] The present invention 7-10 Natural decomposition 60-120 High temperature aerobic decomposition 15-30

[0044] Nessler's reagent method was used to detect the amount of ammonia volatilization

[0045] Total ammonia volatilization after allelopathic effect (mg / kg)

[0046] The present invention 44 Natural decomposition 186 High temperature aerobic decomposition 352

[0047] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing humus soil for raising rice seedlings using garden waste as main raw material, characterized in that: The humus soil for raising rice seedlings comprises the following ingredients: fallen leaves of broad-leaved trees, fallen leaves of coniferous trees, wastes of green plants, sand, garden soil, mixed nutrient elements, compound microbial liquid, and water; and comprises the following steps: (1) subjecting fallen leaves of broadleaved trees, fallen leaves of coniferous trees, and wastes of green plants to micro-carbonization treatment at a mass ratio of 1.5-2.5:0.5-1:1.5-2.5 at 350-550° C. under anoxic conditions for 10-15 minutes; (2) the micro-carbonized garden waste mixture is crushed to a particle size of ≤5 mm, and then stirred and mixed for later use; (3) Add 5wt% soybean meal and 13wt% garden soil to the micro-carbonized particles and mix them evenly. During the mixing process, spray 10wt% of composite microbial liquid and 1wt% of mixed nutrient elements dissolved in water and sprayed; (4) The process of removing allelopathic effects is as follows: a windproof and flat site is selected, a layer of 1-2 cm thick broadleaf fallen leaves is spread as a base, and the mixed mixture is piled on it, the moisture content is controlled at 40%-50%, the pile height is 1.5-2m, the width is 3-5m, and the length is unlimited. During the process, 5wt% of water is added, and finally a layer of branches is covered on the surface, and the mixture is piled for 7 days; (5) The mixture after de-allelopathic treatment is subjected to low-temperature drying or natural air drying to reduce its moisture content to 25%, and then 10 wt % of garden soil and 3 wt % of sand are added and evenly mixed. During the mixing process, 5 wt % of composite microbial liquid is sprayed to finally obtain humus soil for raising rice seedlings.

2. The method for preparing humus soil for raising rice seedlings with garden waste as main raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porosity of the rice seedling raising humus soil is 55%-75%, the water content is 10%-25%, and the pH value is 5-7.

3. The method for preparing humus soil for raising rice seedlings with garden waste as main raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deciduous leaves of broad-leaved trees are mostly poplars and willows, and at least one of Acer truncatum, Ulmus prunus, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus persica, Prunus mume, Prunus cerasifera, Acer truncatum, Manchurian elm, elm with golden leaves, birch, Hawthorn, Catalpa chinensis, Crataegus, Pear, Mongolian oak, and Sorbus; the deciduous leaves of coniferous trees are at least one of Pinus thunbergii, Pinus sylvestris, Picea australis, Larix olgensis, and Alpinia azedarach; the greening plant waste is at least one of the dead branches and leaves of Salvia sibiricum, the dead branches and leaves of Marigold, the dead branches and leaves of Begonia grandiflora, the dead branches and leaves of Begonia malus, the dead branches and leaves of Viola hornbeam, the dead branches and leaves of Sage, and the dead branches and leaves of Snapdragon.

4. The method for preparing humus soil for raising rice seedlings with garden waste as main raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sprayed mixed nutrient elements consist of phosphorus and potassium, wherein the phosphorus is one or more of monoammonium phosphates, and the potassium is one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate. The ratio of phosphorus to potassium is 2-2.5:1, calculated as phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide. One or two of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate can also be used.

5. The method for preparing humus soil for raising rice seedlings with garden waste as main raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite microbial bacterial liquid is a mixture of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes and acetic acid bacteria.

6. The method for preparing humus soil for raising rice seedlings with garden waste as main raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The branches covered on the surface are tree and shrub trimmings produced naturally or during the maintenance of green plants.

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