A method for preparing light substrate fertilizer for cultivating indocalamus container seedlings

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for preparing a light matrix fertilizer for cultivating indocalamus container seedlings. The matrix fertilizer raw materials are calculated by weight and include: 10-15 parts of peat soil, 10-15 parts of forest surface soil, 40-50 parts of fermented bamboo residues, 10-20 parts of mushroom stick waste, 5-10 parts of manure, 5-10 parts of coal slag powder, 10-15 parts of expanded perlite particles, and 5-10 parts of cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose super absorbent resin. The light matrix fertilizer raw materials of the present invention are simple to prepare and low in cost. The indocalamus ramet container seedlings cultivated by using the matrix have high survival rate and new bamboo germination rate, strong new whip germination ability, and vigorous plant growth. At the same time, the seedling culture matrix has the characteristics of loose texture, light weight, good water retention and excellent anti-collapse performance, which is convenient for seedling transportation and mountain planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a light substrate fertilizer for indocalamus container seedlings. Background Art

[0002] Most of the bamboos of the genus Indocalamus have the characteristics of fast growth, large leaves, high yield, and rich resources. They are widely used to make brush handles, broom handles, etc. The unique fragrance of the leaves makes them widely made into food packaging (zongzi), food trays and tea. They can also be used to process wine, feed, papermaking and extract polysaccharides. In addition, its shoots can be made into canned food, packaged edible bamboo shoots, etc., and are also a potential food source for giant pandas. Studies have shown that Indocalamus is rich in a variety of compounds that are beneficial to the human body. Leaf extracts (polysaccharides, bamboo leaf flavonoids, apigenin, etc.) have antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-cancer effects, and have broad prospects for development and utilization in the field of medical care. The Zongzi leaf industry mainly produces food packaging and food trays. In recent years, the output value has been rising year by year, and deep processing has achieved certain development. The development of Indocalamus resources is gradually becoming a new engine for the development of the bamboo industry.

[0003] CN108164349A discloses a nutrient matrix for ornamental bamboo cultivation and a preparation method thereof. The method uses silt, bamboo shoot shells, coal slag powder, fresh pig manure, rapeseed cake, pine bark and attapulgite clay / chitosan particles to prepare the nutrient matrix. The prepared nutrient matrix has a low phenolic acid content, and the cultivated bamboo has strong growth and development ability and a high survival rate.

[0004] CN105461400A discloses a light substrate for growing seedlings of Phyllostachys chinensis in containers, wherein the substrate is made of decomposed bark and humus soil. The light substrate is beneficial to the root growth of Phyllostachys chinensis seedlings and the accumulation of seedling biomass.

[0005] CN107568024A discloses a method for preparing a light matrix of phoenix tail bamboo, which is prepared by mixed fermentation of corn cob residue, loess clay pellets, controlled-release compound fertilizer, forest surface soil, and sugarcane pith.

[0006] At present, most bamboo leaf plantations have practical production problems such as a variety of species, lack of improved varieties, unstable bamboo leaf traits, and large inter-species differences. There are great management risks, which seriously restrict the sustainable development of the bamboo leaf industry. It is necessary to asexually propagate high-quality bamboo leaves. Cultivation of division container seedlings can effectively improve the propagation efficiency and retain the excellent growth traits of the mother plant. However, at present, there is a lack of reports on the culture medium of bamboo container seedlings. At the same time, the cost of using traditional substrate fertilizers is relatively high, which increases the cost of bamboo container seedlings. At the same time, the proportion of soil used in traditional container seedlings is high, which increases the weight of container seedlings, which is not conducive to transportation and planting. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a light substrate fertilizer for cultivating indocalamus container seedlings, promote the growth of indocalamus container seedlings, improve the water retention and anti-collapse performance of the substrate fertilizer, and facilitate the transportation of container seedlings and planting on mountains.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0009] A light matrix fertilizer for cultivating indocalamus container seedlings comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of peat soil, 10-15 parts of forest surface soil, 40-50 parts of fermented bamboo residues, 10-20 parts of mushroom stick waste, 5-10 parts of manure, 5-10 parts of coal slag powder, 10-15 parts of expanded perlite particles, and 5-10 parts of highly absorbent resin of cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose.

[0010] In addition, the present invention provides a method for preparing a light substrate fertilizer for cultivating indocalamus container seedlings, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Peat soil, forest topsoil, fermented bamboo residues, mushroom stick waste, manure and coal slag powder, expanded perlite particles, and cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose super absorbent resin are mixed evenly according to the formula ratio, crushed by a grinder and passed through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain a light matrix fertilizer for seedling cultivation.

[0012] Further, the preparation method of fermented bamboo residue is as follows:

[0013] (1) Includes bamboo leaves, bamboo branches, bamboo shoots, bamboo chips, etc., with no specific proportion in terms of the types and weights of its components.

[0014] (2) After the materials in step (1) are piled up, 0.5% by weight of lime powder is added, and water is poured while mixing to make the moisture content reach 60-70%. The mixture is covered with a plastic film and fermented for 30-40 days. During this period, the mixture is turned inside out every 7 days to ensure uniform fermentation, until the bamboo residue turns dark brown.

[0015] (3) Spread the dark brown fermented material processed in step (2) out on an open space and dry it in the sun until the moisture content of the fermented material is below 10%.

[0016] Further, the manure preparation method is as follows:

[0017] 1) The weight ratio of manure components is 98% chicken manure, duck manure and 2% lime powder, among which there is no specific ratio of chicken manure and duck manure.

[0018] 2) Pile chicken manure, duck manure and lime powder into a small hill in a fully lit open space, cover with plastic film and ferment until the internal temperature is above 70℃ for 2 days, then remove the film and turn the material inside out, then cover with film and continue fermenting. Repeat the operation 3 times and finally spread it out to dry in the sun. The moisture content of the dry manure is 8~10%.

[0019] Furthermore, the waste mushroom sticks are the waste mushroom sticks after the cultivation of edible mushrooms, which are crushed by a crusher and then spread out to dry to a moisture content of 8-10%.

[0020] Further, the method for preparing expanded pearlite particles is as follows:

[0021] i. Primary ball milling: Place expanded perlite and zirconia medium balls with a volume ratio of 1:1 in the ball mill, the ball mill loading is 2 / 3, 450-500r / min ball milling for 1h, and the coarsely ground expanded perlite particles are collected at the discharge port;

[0022] ii. Secondary ball milling: put the above-mentioned expanded perlite coarse-ground particles and silicon carbide medium balls with a volume ratio of 1:1 into the ball mill, and the ball mill is loaded with 2 / 3. After ball milling at 800-1000r / min for 2h, pass through a 20-mesh sieve. The expanded perlite that has not passed the sieve is returned to the ball mill, and silicon carbide is used as a supplementary medium to make the ball mill loading capacity 2 / 3. Continue ball milling at 800-1000r / min until all the expanded perlite powder passes through 20 mesh to obtain expanded perlite finely ground particles.

[0023] iii. Place the above-mentioned expanded perlite finely ground particles in the prepared surface detackifying solution, completely immerse, stir for 20 minutes, filter, and obtain expanded perlite particles, and dry at 65-75°C;

[0024] Further, the surface detackifying solution is a mixture of 40% sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate solution and 2% 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyric acid solution in a ratio of 1:1;

[0025] Further, the preparation method of the highly absorbent resin particles of cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose is as follows:

[0026] I. Dissolve 4 parts of hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate in 1g:150ml deionized water, stir for 30 minutes under nitrogen protection, heat to 40-45°C, add initiators cerium ammonium nitrate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, stir for 10 minutes, add 4.8 parts of methacrylic acid, react for 15-35 minutes, add 0.1 parts of N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide and deionized water equal to microcrystalline cellulose suspension, stir for 15 minutes, cool, precipitate and separate with a mixed solvent of ethanol and water in a volume ratio of 1:1, dry to obtain a crude graft, extract the crude graft with acetone in a Soxhlet extractor for 10 hours to remove the homopolymer, dry in vacuum at 80°C, and then crush and pass through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain the graft;

[0027] Further, the microcrystalline cellulose suspension was prepared by adding 5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose to 1 g:30 ml of deionized water and stirring magnetically at 40°C for 10 min;

[0028] Furthermore, the concentration of the initiator ammonium cerium nitrate is 0.005 mol / L, the concentration of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is 0.005 mol / L, and the volume ratio of the added solution is 0.1% to 0.2%;

[0029] Furthermore, a light matrix fertilizer for cultivating bamboo seedlings in containers further comprises 10-15 parts of steel slag powder, 10-15 parts of sepiolite fiber, and 5-10 parts of sodium alginate; wherein the particle size of the steel slag powder is not greater than 0.05 mm, and the specific surface area is greater than 550 m 2 / kg.

[0030] The characteristics of the present invention are:

[0031] 1. The present invention uses bamboo residues and edible mushroom stick waste as main raw materials, which not only improves resource utilization efficiency but also is environmentally friendly. The prepared matrix is ​​rich in organic matter, N, P, K and other nutrient elements. All components rich in organic matter are processed by composting and fermentation. The nutrients are fully released and can meet the growth requirements of the bamboo ramets and seedlings. While realizing resource recycling, the growth of seedlings is significantly promoted and the seedling raising period is shortened.

[0032] 2. The container seedlings cultivated by using the light substrate fertilizer prepared by the present invention have the advantages of light weight and vigorous growth, and are convenient for long-distance transportation and mountain planting.

[0033] 3. Perlite particles have advantages such as many pores and small pores. Ball milling can well enhance the particle size and porosity of perlite, but the traditional steel ball medium has a large difference in hardness between the steel ball and the expanded perlite, and the surface of the steel ball is too smooth, resulting in uneven final particle size. The present invention adopts a secondary ball milling method, firstly using a 6mm diameter zirconium oxide medium ball for coarse grinding for 1 hour to open the closed pores inside the expanded perlite and make the particle size uniform by ball milling, and then using a 2mm diameter silicon carbide medium ball for fine grinding for 2 hours to further reduce and unify the particle size of the expanded perlite, make the surface rougher, and have more porous structure. Finally, the surface is treated with a debonding solution prepared by mixing 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyric acid and sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate to reduce the viscosity of the surface and internal pores of the expanded perlite, so that soil and other substances are not easy to block its pores. 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyric acid is a new type of fluid viscosity reducer with good light resistance, excellent hardening, high transparency, balanced lubricity, antioxidant, low odor, and non-toxicity to improve its surface properties. It is used in combination with sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate with extremely strong penetration to enable it to penetrate into tiny pores better, harden the pore structure of the expanded perlite and reduce the surface viscosity, thereby having a better water absorption effect and improving the water absorption properties of the expanded perlite. The expanded perlite particles prepared by this method have a small particle size, will not reduce the water absorption due to adhesion, have good resistance to extreme environments, and are not easy to pulverize.

[0034] 4. Super absorbent resin can absorb a large amount of water when there is abundant water, and slowly release water during drought. It can also improve the soil, which promotes the formation of soil aggregate structure. These aggregates can stabilize the soil structure, improve the permeability of the soil, and greatly slow down the evaporation of the soil surface. The super absorbent resin particles of cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose prepared by the present invention combine the characteristics of strong physical water absorption of microcrystalline cellulose and strong chemical water absorption of super absorbent resin. Microcrystalline cellulose is a water-absorbing material with porous surface and loose structure. It is cross-linked with microcrystalline cellulose and graft copolymer of hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate and methacrylic acid to make the internal grid structure of the resin more stable. Cross-linking produces more gaps, which is conducive to water absorption and expansion, thereby absorbing more water. N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide is a good soil conditioner while serving as a cross-linking agent.

[0035] 5. Since the matrix fertilizer is added with expanded perlite particles and highly absorbent resin particles of cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose, the water absorption and air permeability of the product are effectively improved. However, due to this characteristic, the anti-collapse performance of the matrix fertilizer of the present invention is significantly reduced compared with the traditional matrix fertilizer. Once the water absorption reaches supersaturation, the matrix collapses. The seedling period of indigo bamboo is mostly rainy season, especially in the south, where there is a lot of rain, which leads to inconvenience in nursery management and limits the use of the matrix fertilizer. In view of this problem, the present invention adds sepiolite fiber, steel slag powder and sodium alginate to the matrix fertilizer. The sepiolite fiber and steel slag powder have large specific surface areas and strong adsorption capacity, which can make the various components of the matrix fertilizer bonded and fixed, and the steel slag powder contains metal elements required for plant growth. Sodium alginate can combine with calcium ions in the matrix and quickly solidify into a gel-like substance with a network structure. The combination of steel slag powder and sepiolite fiber forms a more stable network structure, which further enhances the anti-collapse performance of the matrix fertilizer, so that the matrix fertilizer of the present invention meets the requirements of indigo bamboo cultivation in different seasons and different growth environments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1: A preparation example of a light substrate fertilizer for cultivating indocalamus container seedlings is as follows:

[0038] 1. Preparation of Fermented Bamboo Residues:

[0039] (1) including 11 parts of bamboo leaves, 11 parts of bamboo branches, 11 parts of bamboo shoot shells, and 11 parts of bamboo chips;

[0040] (2) After the materials in step (1) are piled up, 0.5% by weight of lime powder is added, and water is poured while mixing to make the moisture content reach 65%. The mixture is covered with a plastic film and fermented. During the fermentation, the mixture is turned inside out every 7 days to ensure uniform fermentation. At 36 days, the bamboo residue turns dark brown.

[0041] (3) Spread the dark brown fermented material processed in step (2) out on an open space and dry it in the sun until the moisture content of the fermented material is below 10%.

[0042] 2. Preparation of manure:

[0043] 1) Mix 4 parts of chicken manure, 4 parts of duck manure and 2% lime powder;

[0044] 2) Pile the mixed manure into a small hill in a fully-lit open space, cover with plastic film and ferment until the internal temperature is above 70°C for 2 days, then remove the film and turn the material inside out, then cover with film and continue fermenting. Repeat the operation 3 times and finally spread it out to dry in the sun. The moisture content of the dry manure is 9%.

[0045] 3. Preparation of waste mushroom sticks: Take 15 discarded mushroom sticks after edible mushroom cultivation, crush them with a crusher, spread them out and dry them to a moisture content of 9%.

[0046] 4. Preparation of expanded perlite particles:

[0047] i. Primary ball milling: The ball mill was placed in a volume ratio of 1:1 and expanded perlite and zirconia medium balls with a diameter of 6 mm, the ball mill loading was 2 / 3, 480r / min ball milling for 1h, and the discharge port was used to collect the coarsely ground expanded perlite particles;

[0048] ii. Secondary ball milling: Place the above-mentioned expanded perlite coarse-ground particles and silicon carbide medium balls with a diameter of 2 mm in a volume ratio of 1:1 in a ball mill, and load the ball mill jar with 2 / 3. After ball milling at 900 r / min for 2 hours, pass through a 20-mesh sieve, return the expanded perlite that has not passed the sieve to the ball mill jar, and use silicon carbide as a supplementary medium to make the ball mill jar load 2 / 3. Continue ball milling at 900 r / min until all the expanded perlite powder passes through 20 mesh to obtain expanded perlite fine-ground particles.

[0049] iii. Place the expanded perlite finely ground particles in a surface detackifying solution prepared by mixing 40% sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate solution and 2% 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyric acid solution in a ratio of 1:1, completely immerse, stir for 20 minutes, filter, and obtain expanded perlite particles, and dry at 70°C;

[0050] 5. Preparation of highly absorbent resin particles of cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose:

[0051] I. Preparation of microcrystalline cellulose suspension: Add 5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose to 1g:30ml of deionized water, and stir magnetically at 40℃ for 10min;

[0052] II. Dissolve 4 parts of hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate in 1g:150ml deionized water, stir for 30min under nitrogen protection, heat to 45℃, add 0.1% of cerium ammonium nitrate and 0.005 mol / L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as initiator, stir for 10min, add 4.8 parts of methacrylic acid, react for 25min, add 0.1 parts of N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide and deionized water equal amount of microcrystalline cellulose suspension, stir for 15min, cool, precipitate and separate with mixed solvent of ethanol and water in volume ratio of 1:1, dry to obtain crude grafted product, extract with acetone in Soxhlet extractor for 10h to remove homopolymer, dry in vacuum at 80℃, and then grind through 20 mesh sieve to obtain;

[0053] 6. Material mixing and crushing:

[0054] Take 12 parts of peat soil, 12 parts of forest topsoil, 44 parts of fermented bamboo residues, 15 parts of mushroom stick waste, 8 parts of manure, 8 parts of coal slag powder, 12 parts of expanded perlite particles, and 8 parts of cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose super absorbent resin. Mix the above materials evenly, crush them with a grinder, and then pass through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain a light matrix fertilizer for seedling cultivation.

[0055] Example 2: A preparation example of a light matrix fertilizer for cultivating indocalamus container seedlings is as follows:

[0056] 1. Preparation of Fermented Bamboo Residues:

[0057] (1) including 10 parts of bamboo leaves, 15 parts of bamboo branches, 15 parts of bamboo shoot shells, and 10 parts of bamboo chips;

[0058] (2) After the materials in step (1) are piled up, 0.5% by weight of lime powder is added, and water is poured while mixing to make the moisture content reach 70%. The materials are covered with plastic film and fermented. During the fermentation, the materials are turned inside out every 7 days to ensure uniform fermentation. At 41 days, the bamboo residue turns dark brown.

[0059] (3) Spread the dark brown fermented material processed in step (2) out on an open space and dry it in the sun until the moisture content of the fermented material is below 10%.

[0060] 2. Preparation of manure:

[0061] 1) Mix 5 parts chicken manure, 5 parts duck manure and 2% lime powder;

[0062] 2) Pile the mixed manure into a small hill in a fully lit open space, cover with plastic film and ferment until the internal temperature is above 70°C for 2 days, then remove the film and turn the material inside out, then cover with film and continue fermenting. Repeat the operation 3 times and finally spread it out to dry in the sun. The moisture content of the dry manure is 10%.

[0063] 3. Preparation of waste mushroom sticks: Take 20 discarded mushroom sticks after edible mushroom cultivation, crush them with a crusher, spread them out and dry them to a moisture content of 10%.

[0064] 4. Preparation of expanded perlite particles:

[0065] i. Primary ball milling: A ball mill was placed with a volume ratio of 1:1 of expanded perlite and 6 mm diameter zirconium oxide medium balls, the ball mill loading was 2 / 3, 500 r / min ball milling for 1 h, and the discharge port was used to collect the coarsely ground expanded perlite particles;

[0066] ii. Secondary ball milling: Place the above-mentioned expanded perlite coarse-ground particles and silicon carbide medium balls with a diameter of 2 mm in a volume ratio of 1:1 in a ball mill, and the ball mill is loaded with 2 / 3. After ball milling at 1000 r / min for 2 hours, the expanded perlite that has not passed the sieve is sieved through a 20-mesh sieve. Return the expanded perlite that has not passed the sieve to the ball mill, and use silicon carbide as a supplementary medium to make the ball mill loaded with 2 / 3. Continue ball milling at 1000 r / min until all the expanded perlite powder passes through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain expanded perlite fine-ground particles.

[0067] iii. Place the expanded perlite finely ground particles in a surface detackifying solution prepared by mixing 40% sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate solution and 2% 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyric acid solution in a ratio of 1:1, completely immerse, stir for 20 minutes, filter, and obtain expanded perlite particles, and dry at 75°C;

[0068] 5. Preparation of highly absorbent resin particles of cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose:

[0069] I. Preparation of microcrystalline cellulose suspension: Add 5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose to 1g:30ml of deionized water, and stir magnetically at 40℃ for 10min;

[0070] II. Dissolve 4 parts of hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate in 1g:150ml deionized water, stir for 30 minutes under nitrogen protection, heat to 40°C, then add 0.2% of cerium ammonium nitrate and 0.005 mol / L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as initiators, stir for 10 minutes, add 4.8 parts of methacrylic acid, react for 25 minutes, add 0.1 parts of N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide and deionized water equal to microcrystalline cellulose suspension, stir for 15 minutes, cool, precipitate and separate with a mixed solvent of ethanol and water in a volume ratio of 1:1, dry to obtain a crude graft, extract the crude graft with acetone in a Soxhlet extractor for 10 hours to remove the homopolymer, dry in vacuum at 80°C, and then crush and pass through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain the graft;

[0071] 6. Material mixing and crushing:

[0072] Take 15 parts of peat soil, 15 parts of forest surface soil, 50 parts of fermented bamboo residues, 20 parts of mushroom stick waste, 10 parts of manure, 10 parts of coal slag powder, 15 parts of expanded perlite particles, and 10 parts of cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose super absorbent resin. Mix the above materials evenly, crush them with a grinder, and then pass through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain a light matrix fertilizer for seedling cultivation.

[0073] Example 3: A preparation example of a light matrix fertilizer for cultivating indocalamus container seedlings is as follows:

[0074] 1. Preparation of Fermented Bamboo Residues:

[0075] (1) including 12 parts of bamboo leaves, 8 parts of bamboo branches, 8 parts of bamboo shoot shells, and 12 parts of bamboo chips;

[0076] (2) After the materials in step (1) are piled up, 0.5% by weight of lime powder is added, and water is poured while mixing to make the moisture content reach 60%. The materials are covered with plastic film and fermented. During the fermentation, the materials are turned inside out every 7 days to ensure uniform fermentation. At 32 days, the bamboo residue turns dark brown.

[0077] (3) Spread the dark brown fermented material processed in step (2) out on an open space and dry it in the sun until the moisture content of the fermented material is below 10%.

[0078] 2. Preparation of manure:

[0079] 1) Mix 2 parts chicken manure, 3 parts duck manure and 2% lime powder;

[0080] 2) Pile the mixed manure into a small hill in a fully lit open space, cover with plastic film and ferment until the internal temperature is above 70°C for 2 days, then remove the film and turn the material inside out, then cover with film and continue fermenting. Repeat the operation 3 times and finally spread it out to dry in the sun. The moisture content of the dry manure is 8%.

[0081] 3. Preparation of waste mushroom sticks: Take 10 discarded mushroom sticks after edible mushroom cultivation, crush them with a crusher, spread them out and dry them to a moisture content of 8%.

[0082] 4. Preparation of expanded perlite particles:

[0083] i. Primary ball milling: The ball mill was placed in a volume ratio of 1:1 and expanded perlite and 6mm diameter zirconium oxide medium balls, the ball mill loading was 2 / 3, 450r / min ball milling for 1h, and the discharge port was used to collect the coarsely ground expanded perlite particles;

[0084] ii. Secondary ball milling: put the above-mentioned expanded perlite coarse-ground particles and silicon carbide medium balls with a diameter of 2 mm in a volume ratio of 1:1 into the ball mill, and the ball mill is loaded with 2 / 3. After ball milling at 800 r / min for 2 hours, the expanded perlite that has not passed the sieve is sieved through a 20-mesh sieve. Return the expanded perlite that has not passed the sieve to the ball mill, and use silicon carbide as a supplementary medium to make the ball mill loading capacity 2 / 3. Continue ball milling at 800 r / min until all the expanded perlite powder passes through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain expanded perlite fine-ground particles.

[0085] iii. Place the expanded perlite finely ground particles in a surface detackifying solution prepared by mixing 40% sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate solution and 2% 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyric acid solution in a ratio of 1:1, completely immerse, stir for 20 minutes, filter, and obtain expanded perlite particles, and dry at 65°C;

[0086] 5. Preparation of highly absorbent resin particles of cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose:

[0087] I. Preparation of microcrystalline cellulose suspension: Add 5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose to 1g:30ml of deionized water, and stir magnetically at 40℃ for 10min;

[0088] II. Dissolve 4 parts of hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate in 1g:150ml deionized water, stir for 30 minutes under nitrogen protection, heat to 40-45°C, then add 0.1% of cerium ammonium nitrate and 0.005 mol / L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as initiators, stir for 10 minutes, add 4.8 parts of methacrylic acid, react for 25 minutes, add 0.1 parts of N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide and deionized water equal to microcrystalline cellulose suspension, stir for 15 minutes, cool, precipitate and separate with a mixed solvent of ethanol and water in a volume ratio of 1:1, dry to obtain a crude graft, extract the crude graft with acetone in a Soxhlet extractor for 10 hours to remove the homopolymer, dry in vacuum at 80°C, and then crush and pass through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain the graft;

[0089] 6. Material mixing and crushing:

[0090] Take 10 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of forest surface soil, 40 parts of fermented bamboo residues, 10 parts of mushroom stick waste, 5 parts of manure, 5 parts of coal slag powder, 10 parts of expanded perlite particles, and 5 parts of cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose super absorbent resin. Mix the above materials evenly, crush them with a grinder, and then pass through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain a light matrix fertilizer for seedling cultivation.

[0091] Example 4: A preparation example of a light matrix fertilizer for cultivating indocalamus container seedlings is as follows:

[0092] 1. Preparation of Fermented Bamboo Residues:

[0093] (1) including 11 parts of bamboo leaves, 11 parts of bamboo branches, 11 parts of bamboo shoot shells, and 11 parts of bamboo chips;

[0094] (2) After the materials in step (1) are piled up, 0.5% by weight of lime powder is added, and water is poured while mixing to make the moisture content reach 65%. The mixture is covered with a plastic film and fermented. During the fermentation, the mixture is turned inside out every 7 days to ensure uniform fermentation. At 36 days, the bamboo residue turns dark brown.

[0095] (3) Spread the dark brown fermented material processed in step (2) out on an open space and dry it in the sun until the moisture content of the fermented material is below 10%.

[0096] 2. Preparation of manure:

[0097] 1) Mix 4 parts of chicken manure, 4 parts of duck manure and 2% lime powder;

[0098] 2) Pile the mixed manure into a small hill in a fully-lit open space, cover with plastic film and ferment until the internal temperature is above 70°C for 2 days, then remove the film and turn the material inside out, then cover with film and continue fermenting. Repeat the operation 3 times and finally spread it out to dry in the sun. The moisture content of the dry manure is 9%.

[0099] 3. Preparation of waste mushroom sticks: Take 15 discarded mushroom sticks after edible mushroom cultivation, crush them with a crusher, spread them out and dry them to a moisture content of 9%.

[0100] 4. Preparation of expanded perlite particles:

[0101] i. Primary ball milling: The ball mill was placed in a volume ratio of 1:1 and expanded perlite and zirconia medium balls with a diameter of 6 mm, the ball mill loading was 2 / 3, 480r / min ball milling for 1h, and the discharge port was used to collect the coarsely ground expanded perlite particles;

[0102] ii. Secondary ball milling: Place the above-mentioned expanded perlite coarse-ground particles and silicon carbide medium balls with a diameter of 2 mm in a volume ratio of 1:1 in a ball mill, and load the ball mill jar with 2 / 3. After ball milling at 900 r / min for 2 hours, pass through a 20-mesh sieve, return the expanded perlite that has not passed the sieve to the ball mill jar, and use silicon carbide as a supplementary medium to make the ball mill jar load 2 / 3. Continue ball milling at 900 r / min until all the expanded perlite powder passes through 20 mesh to obtain expanded perlite fine-ground particles.

[0103] iii. Place the expanded perlite finely ground particles in a surface detackifying solution prepared by mixing 40% sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate solution and 2% 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyric acid solution in a ratio of 1:1, completely immerse, stir for 20 minutes, filter, and obtain expanded perlite particles, and dry at 70°C;

[0104] 5. Preparation of highly absorbent resin particles of cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose:

[0105] I. Preparation of microcrystalline cellulose suspension: Add 5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose to 1g:30ml of deionized water, and stir magnetically at 40℃ for 10min;

[0106] II. Dissolve 4 parts of hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate in 1g:150ml deionized water, stir for 30min under nitrogen protection, heat to 45℃, add 0.1% of cerium ammonium nitrate and 0.005 mol / L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as initiator, stir for 10min, add 4.8 parts of methacrylic acid, react for 25min, add 0.1 parts of N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide and deionized water equal amount of microcrystalline cellulose suspension, stir for 15min, cool, precipitate and separate with mixed solvent of ethanol and water in volume ratio of 1:1, dry to obtain crude grafted product, extract with acetone in Soxhlet extractor for 10h to remove homopolymer, dry in vacuum at 80℃, and then grind through 20 mesh sieve to obtain;

[0107] 6. Material mixing and crushing:

[0108] Take 12 parts of peat soil, 12 parts of forest topsoil, 44 parts of fermented bamboo residues, 15 parts of mushroom stick waste, 8 parts of manure, 8 parts of coal slag powder, 12 parts of expanded perlite particles, 8 parts of cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose super absorbent resin, 12 parts of steel slag powder, 12 parts of sepiolite fiber, and 8 parts of sodium alginate; among which, the particle size of steel slag powder is not more than 0.05mm, and the specific surface area is greater than 550m2 / kg. After mixing the above materials evenly, crush them with a pulverizer and pass through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain a light matrix fertilizer for seedling cultivation.

[0109] Comparative Example 1: The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that in step 6, in the mixing and crushing of materials, no sepiolite fiber and sodium alginate are added.

[0110] Comparative Example 2: The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that in step 6, in the material mixing and pulverizing, no sepiolite fiber and steel slag powder are added.

[0111] Comparative Example 3: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that:

[0112] Preparation of expanded perlite particles:

[0113] i. Primary ball milling: The ball mill was placed in a volume ratio of 1:1 and expanded perlite and zirconia medium balls with a diameter of 6 mm, the ball mill loading was 2 / 3, 480r / min ball milling for 1h, and the discharge port was used to collect the coarsely ground expanded perlite particles;

[0114] ii. Secondary ball milling: The ball mill is placed with the above-mentioned expanded perlite coarsely ground particles and silicon carbide medium balls with a diameter of 2 mm in a volume ratio of 1:1. The ball mill is loaded with 2 / 3 of the expanded perlite powder and 20 mesh sieve after 2h of ball milling at 900r / min. The expanded perlite that has not been sieved is returned to the ball mill, and silicon carbide is used as a supplementary medium to make the ball mill load 2 / 3. Continue to ball mill at 900r / min until all the expanded perlite powder passes 20 mesh to obtain expanded perlite finely ground particles.

[0115] iii. Place the above expanded perlite finely ground particles in 40% ethanol solution, immerse them completely, stir for 20 minutes, filter to obtain expanded perlite particles, and dry at 70℃.

[0116] Comparative Example 4: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that:

[0117] Preparation of expanded perlite particles:

[0118] i. Ball milling: Place expanded perlite and zirconia medium balls with a volume ratio of 1:1 in a ball mill with a diameter of 6 mm, the ball mill loading capacity is 2 / 3, 480r / min ball milling until all the expanded perlite powder passes 20 mesh, and the expanded perlite finely ground particles are obtained;

[0119] ii. Place the above expanded perlite finely ground particles in a surface detackifying solution prepared by mixing 40% sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate solution and 2% 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyric acid solution in a ratio of 1:1, immerse them completely, stir for 20 minutes, filter, and obtain expanded perlite particles, which are then dried at 70°C.

[0120] Comparative Example 5: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that

[0121] Preparation of highly absorbent resin particles of cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose: 4 parts of hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate are dissolved in 1g:150ml deionized water, stirred for 30 minutes under nitrogen protection, heated to 40-45°C, and then 0.1% of cerium ammonium nitrate and 0.005 mol / L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in a solution volume ratio are added as initiators, stirred for reaction for 10 minutes, 4.8 parts of methacrylic acid are added, reacted for 25 minutes, cooled, precipitated and separated with a mixed solvent of ethanol and water in a volume ratio of 1:1, dried to obtain a crude graft, extracted the crude graft with acetone in a Soxhlet extractor for 10 hours to remove the homopolymer, dried in vacuo at 80°C, and then crushed and passed through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain the graft.

[0122] Comparative Example 6: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the super absorbent resin of cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose in the raw material is replaced by CA-10 agricultural and forestry super water retention agent.

[0123] experiment:

[0124] (1) Determination of soil saturated water absorption and infiltration rate:

[0125] The seedling light matrix fertilizer prepared in the above embodiment and comparative example and the forest surface soil of the control group were dried and placed in a square plastic flower pot with a side length of 0.5 cm and a weight of 500 g without a hole at the bottom. The compaction coefficient was 0.95, and the surface must be pressed flat. The flower pot was filled to a height of 0.4 m. The weight of the flower pot was m, and the volume of the matrix was V. The weight M1 of each group of flower pots was weighed, and water was added in an amount of 500 ml each time. The time T from adding water to complete penetration was recorded each time. If the water level did not drop in 5 minutes, the unpenetrated water was sucked out, and only the amount of water that penetrated and the corresponding time were recorded, and then the total water infiltration time T was calculated. 总 , weigh the weight M2 of each group of flower pots after saturated water absorption. Finally, the saturated water absorption rate Wm and the penetration rate S reaching the saturated water absorption rate are calculated.

[0126] Wm=(M2-M1) / (M1-m)*100%

[0127] S = (M2-M1) / (T 总 *V)

[0128] The saturated water absorption rate Wm is shown in Table 1 and the permeation rate is shown in Table 2.

[0129] (2) Anti-collapse test:

[0130] Take 4 kg of the light matrix fertilizer for seedling cultivation prepared in the above examples and comparative examples and 4 kg of the forest surface soil in the control group, select the indigo bamboo seedlings with similar plant height, number of leaves and root length in good growth condition, and then plant the indigo bamboo seedlings in each group of matrix. First, add water continuously to make the matrix reach saturated water absorption, absorb excess water, then add 500 ml of water, let it stand for 30 minutes, observe whether it is skewed or lodged, and so on, adding 500 ml more each time. The amount of water added when skewed or lodged is compared with the weight of the matrix as the anti-collapse rate of the matrix. See Table 3

[0131] Table 1

[0132]

[0133] Table 2

[0134]

[0135] Table 3

[0136]

[0137] It can be seen from the experimental data that the substrate fertilizer for cultivating indocalamus container seedlings prepared by the present invention has the characteristics of good water absorption, fast permeation rate, low weight and good anti-collapse performance, which is convenient for seedling transportation and mountain planting.

[0138] In conclusion, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention should fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention.

Claims

1. A light substrate fertilizer for cultivating indocalamus container seedlings, characterized in that: The raw materials are as follows in weight: 10-15 parts of peat soil, 10-15 parts of forest surface soil, 40-50 parts of fermented bamboo residues, 10-20 parts of mushroom stick waste, 5-10 parts of manure, 5-10 parts of coal slag powder, 10-15 parts of expanded perlite particles, and 5-10 parts of highly absorbent resin of cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose; The preparation method is as follows: peat soil, forest topsoil, fermented bamboo residues, mushroom block waste, manure and coal slag powder, expanded perlite particles, and cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose super absorbent resin are mixed evenly according to the formula ratio, crushed by a grinder, and then passed through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain a light matrix fertilizer for seedling cultivation; Wherein, the method for preparing the expanded perlite particles is: i. Primary ball milling: Place expanded perlite and zirconia medium balls with a volume ratio of 1:1 in the ball mill, with the ball milling tank loaded with 2 / 3, and mill at 450-500r / min for 1h. Collect the coarsely ground expanded perlite particles at the discharge port; ii. Secondary ball milling: put the above-mentioned expanded perlite coarse-ground particles and silicon carbide medium balls with a diameter of 2 mm in a volume ratio of 1:1 into the ball mill, the ball mill is loaded with 2 / 3, and the expanded perlite that has not passed the sieve is passed through a 20-mesh sieve after ball milling at 800-1000 r / min for 2 hours. Return the expanded perlite that has not passed the sieve to the ball mill, and use silicon carbide as a supplementary medium to make the ball mill loading 2 / 3. Continue ball milling at 800-1000 r / min until all the expanded perlite powder passes through 20 meshes to obtain expanded perlite finely ground particles; iii. Place the above-mentioned expanded perlite finely ground particles in the prepared surface detackifying solution, immerse them completely, stir for 20 minutes, filter, and obtain expanded perlite particles, and dry them at 65-75°C; The surface debonding solution is a mixture of 40% sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate solution and 2% 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyric acid solution in a ratio of 1:1; The method for preparing the cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose super absorbent resin particles is as follows: dissolving 4 parts of hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate in 1g:150mL deionized water, stirring for 30 minutes under nitrogen protection, heating to 40-45°C, adding initiators of cerium ammonium nitrate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, stirring and reacting for 10 minutes, adding 4.8 parts of methacrylic acid, reacting for 15-35 minutes, adding 0.1 parts of N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide and microcrystalline cellulose suspension in equal amounts of deionized water, stirring and reacting for another 15 minutes, cooling, precipitating and separating with a mixed solvent of ethanol and water in a volume ratio of 1:1, drying to obtain a crude graft, extracting the crude graft with acetone in a Soxhlet extractor for 10 hours to remove homopolymers, vacuum drying at 80°C, and then crushing and passing through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain the graft; The microcrystalline cellulose suspension was prepared by adding 5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose to 1 g:30 ml of deionized water and stirring magnetically at 40°C for 10 min. The concentration of the initiator ammonium cerium nitrate is 0.005 mol / L, the concentration of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is 0.005 mol / L, and the volume ratio of the added solution is 0.1% to 0.2%.

2. The light substrate fertilizer for cultivating indigo bamboo container seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of fermented bamboo residue is as follows: (1) Includes bamboo leaves, bamboo branches, bamboo shoots, and bamboo scraps, with no specific proportions in terms of the types and weights of the components; (2) After the materials in step (1) are piled up, 0.5% by weight of lime powder is added, and water is poured while mixing to make the moisture content reach 60-70%, and then covered with a plastic film and fermented for 30-40 days, during which time the materials are turned inside out every 7 days to ensure uniform fermentation, until the bamboo residue turns dark brown; (3) Spread the dark brown fermented material processed in step (2) out on an open space and dry it in the sun until the moisture content of the fermented material is below 10%.

3. The light substrate fertilizer for cultivating indocalamus container seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of preparing manure is as follows: 1) The manure composition weight ratio is 98% chicken manure, duck manure and 2% lime powder, wherein there is no specific ratio of chicken manure and duck manure; 2) Pile chicken manure, duck manure and lime powder into a small hill in a fully lit open space, cover with plastic film and ferment until the internal temperature is above 70°C for 2 days, then remove the film and turn the material inside out, then cover with film and continue fermenting. Repeat the operation 3 times and finally spread it out to dry in the sun. The moisture content of the dry manure is 8-10%.

4. The light substrate fertilizer for cultivating indocalamus container seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waste mushroom sticks are the waste mushroom sticks after the cultivation of edible mushrooms. After being crushed by a crusher, they are spread out and dried in the sun to a moisture content of 8-10%.

5. The light substrate fertilizer for cultivating indocalamus container seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes 10-15 parts of steel slag powder, 10-15 parts of sepiolite fiber, and 5-10 parts of sodium alginate; wherein the particle size of the steel slag powder is not greater than 0.05mm, and the specific surface area is greater than 550m2 / kg.

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