A forest fire prevention and fire fighting facility linkage management system and method based on the Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention discloses a forest fire prevention and fire fighting facility linkage management system and method based on the Internet of Things, comprising a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a coordination and control module and fire fighting facilities; the data acquisition module collects fire point information through a remote camera, collects terrain, wind direction and wind speed information around the fire point through a GIS geographic information system and a wind direction and anemometer, and transmits the information to the data processing module; the data processing module analyzes and calculates the transmitted data, predicts the future development trend of the fire, and converts the digital information into a dynamic three-dimensional image; the coordination and control module is responsible for reminding staff members of the occurrence of fire and the intuitive display of the fire situation, the staff members formulate a fire fighting plan according to the fire situation, and the system coordinates fire fighters and fire fighting facilities to carry out fire fighting operations according to the fire fighting plan; the fire fighting facilities assist fire fighters in carrying out their work according to the instruction information, and warn irrelevant personnel to stay away from the fire scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of forest fire prevention, and in particular to a forest fire prevention and fire fighting facility linkage management system and method based on the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] Fire has always been an important factor affecting the ecological environment. In cities, people have many measures for fire prevention and control, various fire-fighting equipment, and a variety of fire-fighting methods to prevent fires at all times. However, in the forest environment, most forests are located in remote areas with few people, and there are many combustible materials such as trees and grass. Especially in summer and autumn, when the weather is dry, a small spark may cause a fire. Once a fire occurs, in most cases it will continue to burn for a long time and over a large area, resulting in the death of a large number of trees and vegetation, and the displacement of wild animals. Intense burning will not only burn plants on the ground, but also change the overall structure, climate and soil fertility of the forestry industry, greatly weakening the forest's ability to prevent soil erosion and regulate climate. It brings immeasurable losses to people.

[0003] If conditions permit, the fire will tend to burn more and more vigorously. Among them, wind, as one of the factors, has a particularly huge impact on the fire. It not only accelerates the evaporation of moisture in combustibles and accelerates drying to make them flammable, but also adds new oxygen and increases the conditions for combustion. Especially in windy weather conditions of level 5 or above, the fire spreads very quickly. In this case, how to conduct effective manual intervention becomes particularly important. How to find the location of the fire as early as possible when the fire has not yet taken shape, how to quickly develop a firefighting plan for the fire under the influence of the current wind speed, and how to dynamically adjust the firefighting measures in real time during the firefighting process, these have become unavoidable and urgent problems that need to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a forest fire prevention and fire fighting facility linkage management system and method based on the Internet of Things to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a forest fire prevention and fire fighting facilities linkage management system based on the Internet of Things, the management system includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a coordination and control module and fire fighting facilities;

[0006] The data acquisition module collects fire point information through an infrared thermal imaging camera, collects terrain information around the fire point through a GIS geographic information system, and collects wind direction and wind speed information around the fire point through a wind direction and anemometer, and transmits this information to the data processing module; the data processing module analyzes and calculates these data, predicts the development trend of the fire in the future, and converts these digital information into a visual dynamic three-dimensional image; the coordination and control module is responsible for reminding staff of the occurrence of fire and the intuitive display of the fire situation. The staff formulates a fire-fighting plan based on the fire situation, and the system coordinates firefighters and fire-fighting facilities to carry out fire-fighting operations according to the fire-fighting plan; the fire-fighting facilities assist firefighters in their work according to the command information and warn irrelevant personnel to stay away from the fire scene.

[0007] Through the above technical solution, infrared thermal imaging cameras are used in combination with GIS (geographic information system) to discover and collect fire information, and then the collected data is processed and calculated to predict the direction and spread of the fire, and the digital information is converted into a visual dynamic three-dimensional image. At the same time, the system will remind the staff of the fire information, and display the fire information, fire prediction information and surrounding terrain information in the form of dynamic images. The staff will determine whether the video of the fire point is a false alarm, and formulate a corresponding firefighting plan if it is not a false alarm. The system automatically divides the firefighting plan into tasks and issues the instructions for each subtask to the on-site firefighting facilities and firefighters. The firefighting facilities cooperate with firefighters to carry out firefighting operations and evacuate irrelevant personnel.

[0008] The data acquisition module includes a fire information collection unit, a terrain data collection unit and a wind direction and speed collection unit; the fire information collection unit mainly uses an infrared thermal imaging camera to monitor a certain area of ​​forest in real time. When there is a fire point within the monitoring range, it uses visible light and far-infrared thermal sensing dual-channel imaging technology, combined with forest fire prevention GIS to achieve accurate fire point positioning function, collect real-time location information of the fire point and shoot the fire point video. It should be noted that:

[0009] 1. Due to the large forest area, the distribution locations of fire detection cameras should be as scattered as possible. When selecting cameras, it is necessary to choose cameras with high-power zoom function, which can realize the automatic centering and magnification function of the fire picture, and also increase the shooting area. The selected camera must at least meet the effective dynamic monitoring function within a radius of 4-5 kilometers.

[0010] 2. The system adopts dual fire detection modes of visible light fireworks recognition and infrared thermal imaging hotspot detection, which can effectively improve the accuracy of fire detection. The camera performs a 360-degree full-scale scanning and recording of the monitoring environment in real time, analyzes the dynamic characteristics of the forest area in real time, and can automatically record the fire information and the surrounding environment information of the fire point when a suspected fire point is detected; visible light fireworks recognition requires the use of a long-focus fog-penetrating lens, and the use of an infrared anti-reflection filter and a camera DSP processing two-in-one fog-penetrating technology can solve the visibility problem of visible optical cameras under haze conditions; the thermal imaging component can select a focus or continuous zoom lens to achieve remote hotspot sensing. The movement uses a high-sensitivity detector, which can support scene hotspot tracking, has strong adaptability to severe weather, and uses far-infrared characteristics to effectively image even in total darkness, rain and fog.

[0011] 3. The camera equipment needs to be cold-resistant, heat-resistant, and waterproof. The entire device is strictly reinforced, and the camera must not be affected by outdoor weather such as severe cold, high temperature, and rain during normal use.

[0012] The wind direction and wind speed collection unit mainly collects wind direction and wind speed information through wind direction and anemometers installed at various locations. When the infrared thermal imaging camera detects the fire point, the system automatically obtains the real-time measurement information of the wind direction and anemometers around the fire point, and collects this information together with the geographical location information; the terrain data collection unit refers to collecting terrain information around the fire point through the GIS geographic information system. When the infrared thermal imaging camera detects the fire point, the system automatically locates the real-time location information of the fire point, takes the real-time location information of the fire point as the center of the circle, and the maximum fire distance in the future as the radius, and circles a circular range. The terrain information of the circular range is automatically extracted through the latest terrain map stored in the system. Among them:

[0013] The maximum fire distance refers to the maximum wind speed detected by the wind direction and anemometer when there are sufficient combustible materials. The maximum fire distance is obtained by multiplying the time specified by the staff by the speed.

[0014] Through the above technical solution, it is possible to discover the fire points in a certain area and collect the real-time location information of the fire points, the fire point video, the terrain around the fire points, wind direction and wind speed information for subsequent calculation and prediction.

[0015] The data processing module includes a fire prediction unit and a fire visualization unit; the fire prediction unit uses a forest fire spread model to analyze and calculate the fire trend, and predicts the spread direction and spread speed of the fire through the results; the fire visualization unit converts the fire information, fire prediction information and surrounding terrain information into graphical information by using MATLAB application software, dynamically draws a visualized three-dimensional image, and displays it intuitively on the display screen, wherein:

[0016] The spread of forest fires is affected by many factors, and its appearance is ever-changing, but generally it is composed of three parts: the fire head, the fire wings, and the fire tail. In windy weather, the fire spreads fastest to the windward side and burns most vigorously. This part is the fire head; the fire spreads against the wind in the opposite direction of the fire head and is the slowest. This part is the fire tail; between the fire head and the fire tail, it slowly spreads to both sides and spreads perpendicular to the wind direction. This part is the fire wings.

[0017] During the entire process of forest fire expansion and spread, there are many factors that affect it, mainly the following aspects: terrain conditions, meteorological conditions, and combustible conditions; the details are as follows:

[0018] 1. Changes in terrain conditions can affect the development of fires. The slope of the terrain is one of the factors that affect the spread of forest fires. The size of the slope affects the spread of heat. When burning under undulating terrain conditions, hot air rises, and more heat energy is intercepted by combustibles in the uphill direction. Under the action of rising air currents, the burning speed and intensity of uphill fires are much higher than those on flat ground. When the fire is developing in a downhill direction, when the slope is between 0 and 22.5 degrees, the downhill fire development speed decreases as the slope increases; when the slope is between 22.5 and 45 degrees, the downhill fire development speed increases as the slope increases and converges to the situation on flat ground.

[0019] 2. Meteorological conditions are the most variable factors in the process of forest fire spread. Temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind speed and wind direction have a great impact on the fire situation. Among them, wind is a meteorological factor that plays a decisive role in the expansion and spread of forest fires. It not only determines the spread speed of forest fires, but also determines the direction and area of ​​fire spread. Wind promotes the drying of combustibles and heat exchange during the combustion process. When the forest fire burns, the wind takes away the flame-retardant gases in the air and brings fresh oxygen to assist combustion. Moreover, due to the effect of wind, the heat energy generated by the combustion process is brought to the downwind, which preheats and dries and dehydrates the combustibles in the downwind area, creating combustion conditions for the development of the fire in the downwind direction.

[0020] 3. Combustible conditions refer to the types and quantities of combustibles in the forest. These factors can determine the fire situation. Combustibles in the forest include lichens, mosses, vines, grasses, shrubs, trees, and forest dead objects. Combustible types are divided into two types according to their state: dead combustibles and live combustibles. Among them, dead combustibles can be divided into four types of time-delay combustibles: 1h10h, 100h, and 1000h according to their drying speed. Live combustibles are divided into live herbaceous and woody combustibles. When calculating the moisture content of live combustibles, they can be divided into the pre-green period, green period, green period, transition period, and freezing period. The higher the moisture content, the more unfavorable it is for combustion.

[0021] The dynamic three-dimensional image is mainly formed by GIS map data combined with fire information and fire prediction information data; the map data, as the underlying three-dimensional image, contains terrain information; the fire information and fire prediction information, as three-dimensional images attached to the underlying layer, contain information such as the fire point and the wind direction and speed around the fire point; the meshgrid function in MATLAB is mainly used to dynamically draw three-dimensional graphics; in order to provide a more realistic simulation image, the terrain map, fire map and fire prediction map are distinguished by different colors and transparencies. Each parameter position information of this three-dimensional image corresponds to the corresponding position in the map data, and can dynamically update the three-dimensional image in real time in seconds according to the information transmitted by the data acquisition module, and when the mouse moves to the corresponding position, it can automatically display more detailed information about this position, thereby maximizing the visualization of the data.

[0022] Through the above technical solution, the forest fire spread model is used to reasonably predict the fire spread trend, and the MATLAB application software is used to draw dynamic three-dimensional graphics to realize the prediction and visualization functions of fire information.

[0023] The coordination and control module includes a platform end and a field end; the platform end refers to the equipment installed in the fire command center. After receiving the fire information, the equipment can immediately issue an alarm through the display screen and the speaker to remind the staff of the occurrence of the fire. At the same time, the system displays real-time fire information, fire prediction information, surrounding terrain information and fire point video on the display screen in the form of dynamic images. The staff judges whether the system is a false alarm based on the fire point video. If it is a false alarm, it does not need to be paid attention to. In the case of non-false alarms, the staff formulates corresponding firefighting plans. The system automatically divides the firefighting plans into tasks and issues the instructions of each subtask to the on-site fire-fighting facilities and firefighters respectively; the field end refers to the electronic equipment worn by the firefighters at the fire scene. The device is an ultra-short wave intercom device with a GPS module. Its main functions are as follows:

[0024] 1. Display your location information at the fire scene in real time through the display screen on the device;

[0025] 2. Display the location information of other firefighting members and firefighting vehicles in real time;

[0026] 3. Ability to communicate with other firefighting members or command center in real time and communicate information in a timely manner;

[0027] 4. Obtain the latest firefighting plan in real time and receive subtasks that need to be completed;

[0028] 5. Transmit relevant data of the fire scene back to the command center in real time for reference.

[0029] Through the above technical solution, it is possible to visualize the fire information, fire prediction information and surrounding terrain information, remind the staff of the fire, split and allocate sub-tasks of the fire-fighting plan, coordinate firefighters to fight the fire, and control the corresponding fire-fighting facilities at the fire scene to start working.

[0030] The fire-fighting facilities include fire indicator lights and fire sound and light alarms; the fire indicator lights refer to equipment distributed throughout the forest, which include: solar panels, batteries, signal receivers and LED display screens. When the equipment is needed in a fire-fighting plan, the fire indicator lights at the corresponding positions in the plan receive signals, can automatically power on and light up, and display the received information, such as: the position of the fire point relative to this place, whether this place is upwind or downwind, whether the fire will spread to this place in the future, and other pre-agreed identifier information. The indicator light function prompts the fire location and direction information to assist firefighters in carrying out firefighting operations; the fire sound and light alarm refers to equipment distributed throughout the forest, which includes: solar panels, batteries, signal receivers, LED light-emitting tubes and buzzers. When the equipment is included in the fire-fighting plan and is needed in the fire-fighting plan, the fire sound and light alarms at the corresponding positions in the plan receive signals, can automatically power on and light up, and emit high-decibel sounds and high-brightness flashes to warn unrelated personnel of the occurrence of the fire and remind unrelated personnel to stay away from the fire scene.

[0031] Through the above technical scheme, the planning and control of fire-fighting facilities are realized. The fire indicator light is responsible for assisting firefighters in carrying out their operations, and the fire sound and light alarm sends out sound and light alarms to warn irrelevant personnel to stay away from the fire scene.

[0032] A forest fire prevention and fire fighting facility linkage management method based on the Internet of Things, the management method comprising the following steps:

[0033] S1. Collect relevant data on the fire scene;

[0034] S2, process the data and respond to the command center;

[0035] S3. The command center formulates a firefighting plan based on the fire situation;

[0036] S4. On-site fire-fighting facilities and fire-fighting personnel implement fire-fighting measures according to the fire-fighting plan.

[0037] In S1, the data collection comprises the following steps:

[0038] S101. Use infrared thermal imaging cameras to scan the monitoring environment 360 degrees in real time and identify the dynamic characteristics of the forest area in real time. When the thermal imaging component senses the fire point, it can automatically center and zoom in on the fire situation, take pictures of relevant pictures, and collect data on the real-time location information (latitude and longitude, altitude) of the fire point in combination with GIS (geographic information system). The data includes: location information of the fire point, time information, and video information of the fire point;

[0039] S102, automatically calling the wind direction and wind speed meters around the fire point through the real-time location information of the fire point, and collecting data on the wind direction and wind speed information recorded by these wind direction and wind speed meters, the data including: wind direction and wind speed meter location information, time information, wind direction and wind speed information;

[0040] S103, taking the real-time location information of the fire point as the center of the circle and the maximum fire distance in the future as the radius, a circular range is circled, and the terrain information of the circular range is automatically extracted through the latest terrain map stored in the system.

[0041] Through the above technical solution, the fire point can be discovered, and the fire point information and surrounding environment information can be collected to provide data support for subsequent data processing modules.

[0042] In S2, the processing of the data comprises the following steps:

[0043] S201. The forest fire spread model is used to predict the fire by using information such as the terrain, direction and wind speed around the fire point. The terrain, wind direction and wind speed around the fire point are entered into the model algorithm formula for calculation. The direction and spread speed of the fire are calculated and finally converted into digital information.

[0044] As the wind speed increases, the speed at which the forest fire spreads in the wind direction increases, and the two are exponentially related. The relationship formula is as follows:

[0045]

[0046] Where N W is the wind action term, c is the wind speed influence coefficient, and d is the wind speed. The wind action term can be obtained by calculation. However, in actual situations, the terrain has a great influence on the spread speed of forest fires. Therefore, when calculating the spread speed of forest fires, the terrain factor is usually combined with the wind speed to calculate the spread speed of forest fires. In field measurements, the terrain slope angle is usually used to represent the terrain factor. The terrain slope angle calculation formula is as follows:

[0047]

[0048] in is the terrain slope angle, The height of the inclined ground rising every 100 meters, combined with wind speed factors and terrain factors, calculates the forest fire spread speed. The formula is as follows:

[0049]

[0050] Among them, V is the speed of forest fire spread, V0 is the initial speed of forest fire spread, N s is the combustible configuration pattern coefficient, N W is the wind action term, is the terrain slope angle. By substituting various parameters into the calculation, the speed of fire spread can be calculated, thereby predicting the fire change information in the future.

[0051] S202, extracting the location information (latitude and longitude, altitude) from the three digital information of fire information, fire prediction information and surrounding terrain information as parameters, converting the geodetic coordinates into spatial rectangular coordinates, and bringing them into the MATLAB application software as parameters to draw a three-dimensional image, converting the data information into image information, and forming a visual dynamic three-dimensional image; the specific steps are as follows:

[0052] S2021. Substitute the longitude, latitude and altitude in the geodetic coordinates into the formula to calculate the spatial rectangular coordinates. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0053] First, we need to calculate the first eccentricity:

[0054]

[0055] Secondly, calculate the radius of curvature of the camber circle:

[0056]

[0057] Finally, we get the calculation formula of the spatial rectangular coordinates x, y, and z corresponding to longitude, latitude, and altitude:

[0058]

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] Where, J is the accuracy, W is the latitude, H is the altitude, a is the major axis of the rotating ellipsoid, b is the minor axis, and according to the WGS-84 ellipsoid parameters, a = 6378137m, b = 6356752.314m, S is the first eccentricity, and M is the radius of curvature of the ellipsoid.

[0062] S2022. Call the meshgrid() function in the MATLAB application software and define the three sets of calculated spatial rectangular coordinates x, y, and z as parameters;

[0063] S2023. After defining the three sets of data x, y, and z, call the plot3 function to input the data;

[0064] S2024. Set the grid information and complete the drawing of the three-dimensional image.

[0065] Through the above technical solution, the forest fire spread model is used to scientifically calculate the fire spread trend, and the digital information is dynamically drawn into three-dimensional graphics using MATLAB to realize the prediction and visualization functions of fire information.

[0066] In S3, the command center refers to the fire command center, including relevant equipment and staff. The specific steps are as follows:

[0067] S301. After receiving the fire information, the relevant equipment of the fire command center can immediately issue an alarm through a display screen and a speaker to remind the staff of the occurrence of the fire;

[0068] S302, after the staff receives the fire information, the fire information, fire prediction information and three-dimensional dynamic images of the surrounding terrain information and the real-shot video of the fire point are displayed on the display screen;

[0069] S303. The staff determines whether the system is a false alarm through the real-life video of the fire point. If it is, no action will be taken. If not, it means that there is a fire. The staff will formulate a firefighting plan based on their experience and the development trend of the fire. The system will automatically divide the firefighting plan into tasks and issue the instructions for each subtask to the on-site fire-fighting facilities and firefighters, arranging the firefighters to arrive at the designated location to carry out operations and activate the fire-fighting facilities around the fire area.

[0070] Through the above technical solution, it is possible to visualize the fire information, fire prediction information and surrounding terrain information, remind the staff of the fire, split and allocate sub-tasks of the fire-fighting plan, coordinate firefighters to fight the fire, and control the corresponding fire-fighting facilities at the fire scene to start working.

[0071] In S4, the on-site fire-fighting facilities include fire indicator lights and fire sound and light alarms. The fire indicator lights assist firefighters in carrying out firefighting operations by displaying different identifier information. The fire sound and light alarms emit high-decibel sounds and high-brightness flashes to warn unrelated personnel of the occurrence of fire and remind unrelated personnel to stay away from the fire scene. The firefighters refer to professionals carrying out firefighting operations, who can know the fire situation in real time through the electronic devices they wear. The device has GPS positioning function and remote intercom function, and can display the location information of firefighters and fire trucks at the fire scene in real time through the display screen on the device. At the same time, they can also conduct real-time intercom with other firefighting members or the command center, communicate information in a timely manner, and transmit relevant data of the fire scene back to the command center in real time.

[0072] Through the above technical solution, the planning and control of fire-fighting facilities are realized. Firefighters receive tasks to carry out firefighting operations, and various fire-fighting facilities are responsible for assisting firefighters in carrying out their operations and warning irrelevant personnel to stay away from the fire scene.

[0073] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0074] 1. The present invention monitors fire points in forest areas around the clock, collects surrounding wind direction, wind speed and terrain information immediately after the fire point is found, predicts the fire intensity in the future, and immediately notifies relevant personnel to carry out firefighting work, thus achieving efficient and rapid extinguishing of the fire in the early stage. It solves the problem of rapid spread of fire and unclear development direction in windy weather.

[0075] 2. The present invention can realize visual display of fire information, fire prediction information and surrounding terrain information, can display the fire situation more intuitively, and improve the staff's understanding of the fire information.

[0076] The present invention interconnects the fire command center with firefighting facilities and the electronic equipment worn by firefighters, thereby enabling the command center to remotely control firefighting facilities, assign tasks to firefighters, and obtain on-site information. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0077] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0078] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a forest fire prevention and fire fighting facility linkage management system and method based on the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a forest fire prevention and fire fighting facility linkage management system and method based on the Internet of Things of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0080] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0081] See also Figure 1-Figure 2 , the present invention provides a forest fire prevention and fire fighting facilities linkage management system based on the Internet of Things, the management system includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a coordination and control module and fire fighting facilities;

[0082] The data acquisition module collects fire point information through an infrared thermal imaging camera, collects terrain information around the fire point through a GIS geographic information system, and collects wind direction and wind speed information around the fire point through a wind direction and anemometer, and transmits this information to the data processing module; the data processing module analyzes and calculates these data, predicts the development trend of the fire in the future, and converts these digital information into a visual dynamic three-dimensional image; the coordination and control module is responsible for reminding staff of the occurrence of fire and the intuitive display of the fire situation. The staff formulates a fire-fighting plan based on the fire situation, and the system coordinates firefighters and fire-fighting facilities to carry out fire-fighting operations according to the fire-fighting plan; the fire-fighting facilities assist firefighters in their work according to the command information and warn irrelevant personnel to stay away from the fire scene.

[0083] Through the above technical solution, infrared thermal imaging cameras are used in combination with GIS (geographic information system) to discover and collect fire information, and then the collected data is processed and calculated to predict the direction and spread of the fire, and the digital information is converted into a visual dynamic three-dimensional image. At the same time, the system will remind the staff of the fire information, and display the fire information, fire prediction information and surrounding terrain information in the form of dynamic images. The staff will determine whether the video of the fire point is a false alarm, and formulate a corresponding firefighting plan if it is not a false alarm. The system automatically divides the firefighting plan into tasks and issues the instructions for each subtask to the on-site firefighting facilities and firefighters. The firefighting facilities cooperate with firefighters to carry out firefighting operations and evacuate irrelevant personnel.

[0084] The data acquisition module includes a fire information collection unit, a terrain data collection unit and a wind direction and speed collection unit; the fire information collection unit mainly uses an infrared thermal imaging camera to monitor a certain area of ​​forest in real time. When there is a fire point within the monitoring range, it uses visible light and far-infrared thermal sensing dual-channel imaging technology, combined with forest fire prevention GIS to achieve accurate fire point positioning function, collect real-time location information of the fire point and shoot the fire point video. It should be noted that:

[0085] 4. Due to the large forest area, the distribution locations of fire detection cameras should be as scattered as possible. When selecting cameras, it is necessary to choose cameras with high-power zoom function, which can realize the automatic centering and magnification function of the fire picture, and also increase the shooting area. The selected camera must at least meet the effective dynamic monitoring function within a radius of 4-5 kilometers.

[0086] 5. The system adopts dual fire detection modes of visible light fireworks recognition and infrared thermal imaging hotspot detection, which can effectively improve the accuracy of fire detection. The camera performs a 360-degree full-scale scanning and recording of the monitoring environment in real time, analyzes the dynamic characteristics of the forest area in real time, and can automatically record the fire information and the surrounding environment information of the fire point when a suspected fire point is detected; visible light fireworks recognition requires the use of a telephoto fog-penetrating lens, and the use of an infrared anti-reflection filter and a camera DSP processing two-in-one fog-penetrating technology can solve the visibility problem of visible optical cameras under foggy conditions; the thermal imaging component can select a focus or continuous zoom lens to achieve remote hotspot sensing. The movement uses a high-sensitivity detector, which can support scene hotspot tracking, has strong adaptability to severe weather, and uses far-infrared characteristics to effectively image even in total darkness, rain and fog.

[0087] 6. The camera equipment needs to be cold-resistant, heat-resistant, and waterproof. The entire device is strictly reinforced, and the camera must not be affected by outdoor weather such as severe cold, high temperature, and rain during normal use.

[0088] The wind direction and wind speed collection unit mainly collects wind direction and wind speed information through wind direction and anemometers installed at various locations. When the infrared thermal imaging camera detects the fire point, the system automatically obtains the real-time measurement information of the wind direction and anemometers around the fire point, and collects this information together with the geographical location information; the terrain data collection unit refers to collecting terrain information around the fire point through the GIS geographic information system. When the infrared thermal imaging camera detects the fire point, the system automatically locates the real-time location information of the fire point, takes the real-time location information of the fire point as the center of the circle, and the maximum fire distance in the future as the radius, and circles a circular range. The terrain information of the circular range is automatically extracted through the latest terrain map stored in the system. Among them:

[0089] The maximum fire distance refers to the maximum wind speed detected by the wind direction and anemometer when there are sufficient combustible materials. The maximum fire distance is obtained by multiplying the time specified by the staff by the speed.

[0090] Through the above technical solution, it is possible to discover the fire points in a certain area and collect the real-time location information of the fire points, the fire point video, the terrain around the fire points, wind direction and wind speed information for subsequent calculation and prediction.

[0091] The data processing module includes a fire prediction unit and a fire visualization unit; the fire prediction unit uses a forest fire spread model to analyze and calculate the fire trend, and predicts the spread direction and spread speed of the fire through the results; the fire visualization unit converts the fire information, fire prediction information and surrounding terrain information into graphical information by using MATLAB application software, dynamically draws a visualized three-dimensional image, and displays it intuitively on the display screen, wherein:

[0092] The spread of forest fires is affected by many factors, and its appearance is ever-changing, but generally it is composed of three parts: the fire head, the fire wings, and the fire tail. In windy weather, the fire spreads fastest to the windward side and burns most vigorously. This part is the fire head; the fire spreads against the wind in the opposite direction of the fire head and is the slowest. This part is the fire tail; between the fire head and the fire tail, it slowly spreads to both sides and spreads perpendicular to the wind direction. This part is the fire wings.

[0093] During the entire process of forest fire expansion and spread, there are many factors that affect it, mainly the following aspects: terrain conditions, meteorological conditions, and combustible conditions; the details are as follows:

[0094] 4. Changes in terrain conditions can affect the development of fires. The slope of the terrain is one of the factors that affect the spread of forest fires. The size of the slope affects the spread of heat. When burning under conditions of undulating terrain, hot air rises, and more heat energy is intercepted by combustibles in the uphill direction. Under the influence of rising air currents, the burning speed and intensity of uphill fires are much higher than those on flat ground. When the fire is developing in a downhill direction, when the slope is between 0 and 22.5 degrees, the downhill fire development speed decreases as the slope increases; when the slope is between 22.5 and 45 degrees, the downhill fire development speed increases as the slope increases and converges to the situation on flat ground.

[0095] 5. Meteorological conditions are the most variable factors in the process of forest fire spread. Temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind speed and wind direction have a great impact on the fire situation. Among them, wind is the meteorological factor that plays a decisive role in the expansion and spread of forest fire. It not only determines the spread speed of forest fire, but also determines the direction and area of ​​fire spread. Wind promotes the drying of combustibles and heat exchange during the combustion process. When the forest fire burns, the wind takes away the flame-retardant gas in the air and brings fresh oxygen to assist combustion. Moreover, due to the effect of wind, the heat energy generated by the combustion process is brought to the downwind, which preheats and dries and dehydrates the combustibles in the downwind area, creating combustion conditions for the development of the fire in the downwind direction.

[0096] 6. Combustible conditions refer to the types and quantities of combustibles in the forest. These factors can determine the fire situation. Combustibles in the forest include lichens, mosses, vines, grasses, shrubs, trees, and forest dead objects. Combustible types are divided into two types according to their state: dead combustibles and live combustibles. Among them, dead combustibles can be divided into four types of time-delay combustibles: 1h10h, 100h, and 1000h according to their drying speed. Live combustibles are divided into live herbaceous and woody combustibles. When calculating the moisture content of live combustibles, they can be divided into the pre-green period, green period, green period, transition period, and freezing period. The higher the moisture content, the more unfavorable it is for combustion.

[0097] The dynamic three-dimensional image is mainly formed by GIS map data combined with fire information and fire prediction information data; the map data, as the underlying three-dimensional image, contains terrain information; the fire information and fire prediction information, as three-dimensional images attached to the underlying layer, contain information such as the fire point and the wind direction and speed around the fire point; the meshgrid function in MATLAB is mainly used to dynamically draw three-dimensional graphics; in order to provide a more realistic simulation image, the terrain map, fire map and fire prediction map are distinguished by different colors and transparencies. Each parameter position information of this three-dimensional image corresponds to the corresponding position in the map data, and can dynamically update the three-dimensional image in real time in seconds according to the information transmitted by the data acquisition module, and when the mouse moves to the corresponding position, it can automatically display more detailed information about this position, thereby maximizing the visualization of the data.

[0098] Through the above technical solution, the forest fire spread model is used to reasonably predict the fire spread trend, and the MATLAB application software is used to draw dynamic three-dimensional graphics to realize the prediction and visualization functions of fire information.

[0099] The coordination and control module includes a platform end and a field end; the platform end refers to the equipment installed in the fire command center. After receiving the fire information, the equipment can immediately issue an alarm through the display screen and the speaker to remind the staff of the occurrence of the fire. At the same time, the system displays real-time fire information, fire prediction information, surrounding terrain information and fire point video on the display screen in the form of dynamic images. The staff judges whether the system is a false alarm based on the fire point video. If it is a false alarm, it does not need to be paid attention to. In the case of non-false alarms, the staff formulates corresponding firefighting plans. The system automatically divides the firefighting plans into tasks and issues the instructions of each subtask to the on-site fire-fighting facilities and firefighters respectively; the field end refers to the electronic equipment worn by the firefighters at the fire scene. The device is an ultra-short wave intercom device with a GPS module. Its main functions are as follows:

[0100] 1. Display your location information at the fire scene in real time through the display screen on the device;

[0101] 2. Display the location information of other firefighting members and firefighting vehicles in real time;

[0102] 3. Ability to communicate with other firefighting members or command center in real time and communicate information in a timely manner;

[0103] 4. Obtain the latest firefighting plan in real time and receive subtasks that need to be completed;

[0104] 5. Transmit relevant data of the fire scene back to the command center in real time for reference.

[0105] Through the above technical solution, it is possible to visualize the fire information, fire prediction information and surrounding terrain information, remind the staff of the fire, split and allocate sub-tasks of the fire-fighting plan, coordinate firefighters to fight the fire, and control the corresponding fire-fighting facilities at the fire scene to start working.

[0106] The fire-fighting facilities include fire indicator lights and fire sound and light alarms; the fire indicator lights refer to equipment distributed throughout the forest, which include: solar panels, batteries, signal receivers and LED display screens. When the equipment is needed in a fire-fighting plan, the fire indicator lights at the corresponding positions in the plan receive signals, can automatically power on and light up, and display the received information, such as: the position of the fire point relative to this place, whether this place is upwind or downwind, whether the fire will spread to this place in the future, and other pre-agreed identifier information. The indicator light function prompts the fire location and direction information to assist firefighters in carrying out firefighting operations; the fire sound and light alarm refers to equipment distributed throughout the forest, which includes: solar panels, batteries, signal receivers, LED light-emitting tubes and buzzers. When the equipment is included in the fire-fighting plan and is needed in the fire-fighting plan, the fire sound and light alarms at the corresponding positions in the plan receive signals, can automatically power on and light up, and emit high-decibel sounds and high-brightness flashes to warn unrelated personnel of the occurrence of the fire and remind unrelated personnel to stay away from the fire scene.

[0107] Through the above technical scheme, the planning and control of fire-fighting facilities are realized. The fire indicator light is responsible for assisting firefighters in carrying out their operations, and the fire sound and light alarm sends out sound and light alarms to warn irrelevant personnel to stay away from the fire scene.

[0108] A forest fire prevention and fire fighting facility linkage management method based on the Internet of Things, the management method comprising the following steps:

[0109] S1. Collect relevant data on the fire scene;

[0110] S2, process the data and respond to the command center;

[0111] S3. The command center formulates a firefighting plan based on the fire situation;

[0112] S4. On-site fire-fighting facilities and fire-fighting personnel implement fire-fighting measures according to the fire-fighting plan.

[0113] In S1, the data collection comprises the following steps:

[0114] S101. Use infrared thermal imaging cameras to scan the monitoring environment 360 degrees in real time and identify the dynamic characteristics of the forest area in real time. When the thermal imaging component senses the fire point, it can automatically center and zoom in on the fire situation, take pictures of relevant pictures, and collect data on the real-time location information (latitude and longitude, altitude) of the fire point in combination with GIS (geographic information system). The data includes: location information of the fire point, time information, and video information of the fire point;

[0115] S102, automatically calling the wind direction and wind speed meters around the fire point through the real-time location information of the fire point, and collecting data on the wind direction and wind speed information recorded by these wind direction and wind speed meters, the data including: wind direction and wind speed meter location information, time information, wind direction and wind speed information;

[0116] S103, taking the real-time location information of the fire point as the center of the circle and the maximum fire distance in the future as the radius, a circular range is circled, and the terrain information of the circular range is automatically extracted through the latest terrain map stored in the system.

[0117] Through the above technical solution, the fire point can be discovered, and the fire point information and surrounding environment information can be collected to provide data support for subsequent data processing modules.

[0118] In S2, the processing of the data comprises the following steps:

[0119] S201. The forest fire spread model is used to predict the fire by using information such as the terrain, direction and wind speed around the fire point. The terrain, wind direction and wind speed around the fire point are entered into the model algorithm formula for calculation. The direction and spread speed of the fire are calculated and finally converted into digital information.

[0120] As the wind speed increases, the speed at which the forest fire spreads in the wind direction increases, and the two are exponentially related. The relationship formula is as follows:

[0121]

[0122] Where N W is the wind action term, c is the wind speed influence coefficient, and d is the wind speed. The wind action term can be obtained by calculation. However, in actual situations, the terrain has a great influence on the spread speed of forest fires. Therefore, when calculating the spread speed of forest fires, the terrain factor is usually combined with the wind speed to calculate the spread speed of forest fires. In field measurements, the terrain slope angle is usually used to represent the terrain factor. The terrain slope angle calculation formula is as follows:

[0123]

[0124] in is the terrain slope angle, The height of the inclined ground rising every 100 meters, combined with wind speed factors and terrain factors, calculates the forest fire spread speed. The formula is as follows:

[0125]

[0126] Among them, V is the speed of forest fire spread, V0 is the initial speed of forest fire spread, N s is the combustible configuration pattern coefficient, N W is the wind action term, is the terrain slope angle. By substituting various parameters into the calculation, the speed of fire spread can be calculated, thereby predicting the fire change information in the future.

[0127] S202, extracting the location information (latitude and longitude, altitude) from the three digital information of fire information, fire prediction information and surrounding terrain information as parameters, converting the geodetic coordinates into spatial rectangular coordinates, and bringing them into the MATLAB application software as parameters to draw a three-dimensional image, converting the data information into image information, and forming a visual dynamic three-dimensional image; the specific steps are as follows:

[0128] S2021. Substitute the longitude, latitude and altitude in the geodetic coordinates into the formula to calculate the spatial rectangular coordinates. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0129] First, we need to calculate the first eccentricity:

[0130]

[0131] Secondly, calculate the radius of curvature of the camber circle:

[0132]

[0133] Finally, we get the calculation formula of the spatial rectangular coordinates x, y, and z corresponding to longitude, latitude, and altitude:

[0134]

[0135]

[0136]

[0137] Where, J is the accuracy, W is the latitude, H is the altitude, a is the major axis of the rotating ellipsoid, b is the minor axis, and according to the WGS-84 ellipsoid parameters, a = 6378137m, b = 6356752.314m, S is the first eccentricity, and M is the radius of curvature of the ellipsoid.

[0138] S2022. Call the meshgrid() function in the MATLAB application software and define the three sets of calculated spatial rectangular coordinates x, y, and z as parameters;

[0139] S2023. After defining the three sets of data x, y, and z, call the plot3 function to input the data;

[0140] S2024. Set the grid information and complete the drawing of the three-dimensional image.

[0141] Through the above technical solution, the forest fire spread model is used to scientifically calculate the fire spread trend, and the digital information is dynamically drawn into three-dimensional graphics using MATLAB to realize the prediction and visualization functions of fire information.

[0142] In S3, the command center refers to the fire command center, including relevant equipment and staff. The specific steps are as follows:

[0143] S301. After receiving the fire information, the relevant equipment of the fire command center can immediately issue an alarm through a display screen and a speaker to remind the staff of the occurrence of the fire;

[0144] S302, after the staff receives the fire information, the fire information, fire prediction information and three-dimensional dynamic images of the surrounding terrain information and the real-shot video of the fire point are displayed on the display screen;

[0145] S303. The staff determines whether the system is a false alarm through the real-life video of the fire point. If it is, no action will be taken. If not, it means that there is a fire. The staff will formulate a firefighting plan based on their experience and the development trend of the fire. The system will automatically divide the firefighting plan into tasks and issue the instructions for each subtask to the on-site fire-fighting facilities and firefighters, arranging the firefighters to arrive at the designated location to carry out operations and activate the fire-fighting facilities around the fire area.

[0146] Through the above technical solution, it is possible to visualize the fire information, fire prediction information and surrounding terrain information, remind the staff of the fire, split and allocate sub-tasks of the fire-fighting plan, coordinate firefighters to fight the fire, and control the corresponding fire-fighting facilities at the fire scene to start working.

[0147] In S4, the on-site fire-fighting facilities include fire indicator lights and fire sound and light alarms. The fire indicator lights assist firefighters in carrying out firefighting operations by displaying different identifier information. The fire sound and light alarms emit high-decibel sounds and high-brightness flashes to warn unrelated personnel of the occurrence of fire and remind unrelated personnel to stay away from the fire scene. The firefighters refer to professionals carrying out firefighting operations, who can know the fire situation in real time through the electronic devices they wear. The device has GPS positioning function and remote intercom function, and can display the location information of firefighters and fire trucks at the fire scene in real time through the display screen on the device. At the same time, they can also conduct real-time intercom with other firefighting members or the command center, communicate information in a timely manner, and transmit relevant data of the fire scene back to the command center in real time.

[0148] Through the above technical solution, the planning and control of fire-fighting facilities are realized. Firefighters receive tasks to carry out firefighting operations, and various fire-fighting facilities are responsible for assisting firefighters in carrying out their operations and warning irrelevant personnel to stay away from the fire scene.

[0149] Embodiment 1:

[0150] Assuming that the wind speed around the fire point is 8m / s, the wind speed influence coefficient is 0.1783, the height of the inclined ground rises by 70m per 100m, the initial speed of forest fire spread is 0.1m / s, and the combustible configuration pattern coefficient is 1.2; substitute it into the formula to calculate the wind effect term:

[0151]

[0152] Terrain slope angle:

[0153]

[0154] Finally, the forest fire spread speed is 4.99m / s:

[0155]

[0156] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0157] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A forest fire prevention and fire fighting facility linkage management system based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that: The management system includes: data acquisition module, data processing module, coordination and control module and fire protection facilities; The data acquisition module collects fire point information through infrared thermal imaging cameras, terrain information around the fire point through GIS geographic information system, and wind direction and wind speed information around the fire point through wind direction and anemometer, and transmits this information to the data processing module; the data processing module analyzes and calculates these data, predicts the development trend of the fire in the future, and converts these digital information into visual dynamic three-dimensional images; the coordination and control module is responsible for reminding staff of the occurrence of fire and the intuitive display of the fire situation. The staff formulates firefighting plans according to the fire situation, and the system coordinates firefighters and firefighting facilities to carry out firefighting operations according to the firefighting plan; the firefighting facilities assist firefighters in their work according to the command information and warn irrelevant personnel to stay away from the fire scene; The data processing module predicts the direction and spread of the fire through the terrain, direction and wind speed information around the fire point, and converts it into digital information; the wind speed and the spread speed of the forest fire are exponentially related, and the relationship formula is as follows: Where N W is the wind action term, e is the natural constant, c is the wind speed influence coefficient, and d is the wind speed; Topographic factors also have an impact on the spread of forest fires. The terrain slope angle is used to represent the terrain factors. The terrain slope angle calculation formula is as follows: in is the terrain slope angle, e is a natural constant, is the height of the inclined ground rising every 100 meters; the wind speed factor and terrain factor are combined to calculate the forest fire spread speed, the formula is as follows: Among them, V is the speed of forest fire spread, V0 is the initial speed of forest fire spread, N s is the combustible configuration pattern coefficient, N W is the wind action term, is the terrain slope angle; The geodetic coordinate position information in the fire information, fire prediction information and surrounding terrain information is extracted, and the longitude, latitude and altitude information are extracted. After these geodetic coordinates are converted into spatial rectangular coordinates, they are brought into the MATLAB application software as parameters for three-dimensional image drawing to form a visual dynamic three-dimensional image. The calculation formula is as follows: First, we need to calculate the first eccentricity: Secondly, calculate the radius of curvature of the camber circle: Finally, we get the calculation formula of the spatial rectangular coordinates x, y, and z corresponding to longitude, latitude, and altitude: Among them, J is the accuracy, W is the latitude, H is the altitude, a is the major axis of the rotating ellipsoid, b is the minor axis, according to the WGS-84 ellipsoid parameters, a = 6378137m, b = 6356752.314m, S is the first eccentricity, and M is the radius of curvature of the rotation circle.

2. According to the Internet of Things-based forest fire prevention and firefighting facility linkage management system of claim 1, it is characterized by: The data acquisition module includes a fire information collection unit, a wind direction and speed collection unit, and a terrain data collection unit; The fire information collection unit refers to the use of an infrared thermal imaging camera to monitor the monitoring area around the clock using visible light and far-infrared thermal sensing dual-channel imaging technology. When a fire occurs, the real-time location information of the fire is collected and a video of the fire is taken; the wind direction and wind speed collection unit refers to the collection of wind direction and wind speed information collected in real time by a wind direction and anemometer around the fire; the terrain data collection unit refers to the collection of terrain information around the fire based on the GIS geographic information system.

3. According to the Internet of Things-based forest fire prevention and firefighting facility linkage management system of claim 1, it is characterized by: The data processing module includes a fire prediction unit and a fire visualization unit; The fire prediction unit uses a forest fire spread model to bring the terrain and wind speed information around the fire point into the calculation to predict the development direction and spread speed of the fire; the fire visualization unit uses MATLAB software for drawing, taking the fire information and fire prediction information as parameters to draw a dynamic three-dimensional image.

4. According to the Internet of Things-based forest fire prevention and firefighting facility linkage management system of claim 1, it is characterized by: The coordination and control module includes a platform end and a field end; The platform end refers to the equipment installed in the fire command center. After receiving the fire information, the equipment can immediately issue an alarm to remind the staff. At the same time, the real-time fire information, fire prediction information and fire point video are displayed in the form of three-dimensional images on the equipment display screen. The staff judges whether the system has misjudged based on the fire point video. If the result is yes, no processing is required. If the result is no, a firefighting plan is formulated according to the fire situation. The system issues instructions to the on-site fire-fighting facilities and firefighters according to the firefighting plan; the on-site end refers to the electronic device worn by the firefighters at the fire scene. The device is an ultra-short wave intercom device with a GPS module. It displays the position information of the firefighters relative to the fire scene in real time through the display screen, and can conduct real-time intercom with other firefighting members and the command center, and transmit the fire scene data back to the command center in real time.

5. According to the Internet of Things-based forest fire prevention and firefighting facility linkage management system of claim 1, it is characterized by: The fire-fighting facilities include fire indicator lights and fire sound and light alarms; The fire indicator light can display fire information through the indicator light function to assist firefighters in carrying out their operations; the fire sound and light alarm warns through sound and flash to remind irrelevant personnel to stay away from the fire scene.

6. A method for linkage management of forest fire prevention and fire fighting facilities based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that: The management method includes the following steps: S1. Collect relevant data on the fire scene; S2, process the data and respond to the command center; S3. The command center formulates a firefighting plan based on the fire situation; S4. On-site firefighting facilities and firefighters implement firefighting measures according to the firefighting plan; In S2, the processing of the data comprises the following steps: S201. Predict the direction and spread of the fire through the terrain, direction and wind speed information around the fire point, and convert it into digital information; the wind speed and the spread speed of the forest fire are exponentially related, and the relationship formula is as follows: Where N W is the wind effect term, e is a natural constant, its value is about 2.718281828459045, c is the wind speed influence coefficient, and d is the wind speed; Topographic factors also have an impact on the spread of forest fires. The terrain slope angle is used to represent the terrain factors. The terrain slope angle calculation formula is as follows: in is the terrain slope angle, e is a natural constant, its value is approximately 2.718281828459045, is the height of the inclined ground rising every 100 meters; the wind speed factor and terrain factor are combined to calculate the forest fire spread speed, the formula is as follows: Among them, V is the speed of forest fire spread, V0 is the initial speed of forest fire spread, N s is the combustible configuration pattern coefficient, N W is the wind action term, is the terrain slope angle; S202, extracting the geodetic coordinate position information in the fire information, fire prediction information and surrounding terrain information, extracting the longitude, latitude and altitude information, converting these geodetic coordinates into spatial rectangular coordinates, and bringing them into the MATLAB application software as parameters to perform three-dimensional image drawing, forming a visual dynamic three-dimensional image, and the calculation formula is as follows: First, we need to calculate the first eccentricity: Secondly, calculate the radius of curvature of the camber circle: Finally, we get the calculation formula of the spatial rectangular coordinates x, y, and z corresponding to longitude, latitude, and altitude: Among them, J is the accuracy, W is the latitude, H is the altitude, a is the major axis of the rotating ellipsoid, b is the minor axis, according to the WGS-84 ellipsoid parameters, a = 6378137m, b = 6356752.314m, S is the first eccentricity, and M is the radius of curvature of the rotation circle.

7. The method for managing forest fire prevention and fire fighting facilities based on the Internet of Things according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In S1, the data collection comprises the following steps: S101, collect fire point information in real time through infrared thermal imaging camera; S102, collecting wind direction information and wind speed information around the fire point in real time through a wind direction and anemometer; S103. Collect terrain information around the fire point through the GIS geographic information system.

8. The method for managing forest fire prevention and fire fighting facilities based on the Internet of Things according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In S3, the command center refers to the fire command center, including relevant equipment and staff. The specific steps are as follows: S301, after receiving the fire information, the relevant equipment of the fire command center reminds the staff of the occurrence of the fire through display screen display and speaker sound; S302, the command center display screen dynamically displays fire information, fire forecast information, and three-dimensional images of surrounding terrain information and a video of the fire point; S303. The staff determines whether the system misjudged the fire based on the video of the fire point. If yes, no action is required. If no, a firefighting plan is formulated according to the development trend of the fire. The system automatically divides the firefighting plan into tasks and issues instructions for each subtask to the on-site fire-fighting facilities and firefighters respectively.

9. The method for managing forest fire prevention and firefighting facilities based on the Internet of Things according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S4, the on-site fire-fighting facilities include fire indicator lights and fire sound and light alarms, which are used to assist firefighters in carrying out firefighting operations and keep irrelevant personnel away from the fire scene; the firefighters can obtain real-time fire situation information through the electronic devices they wear to assist in firefighting operations.

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