Non-metallic mineral powder ball loading plant nutrient factor seedling raising substrate and preparation method

Abstract

The application discloses a non-metallic mineral powder ball preparation method for loading plant nutrient factors, and comprises the following steps: kaolin is added into hydrochloric acid and stirred, washed with water, calcined at 400-460 DEG C for 1-2h, then added into water with gelatinized starch and stirred, added with silane coupling agent KH560 and continuously stirred, filtered, washed, dried, added with polyvinyl alcohol and pH regulator and stirred to obtain premix; fly ash and refined sugar are uniformly mixed and formed to obtain pretreated fly ash; potassium hydroxide is added into sodium silicate solution and stirred uniformly, then hydroxypropyl chitosan is added and stirred to obtain a precursor solution; the precursor solution is uniformly poured on the surface of the pretreated fly ash, and then placed, solidified, ultrasonic washed and dried to obtain a sponge-like carrier; field soil, organic fertilizer and plant fermented straw are added into a high-speed pulverizer and pulverized, and sieved to obtain granules; the premix and the sponge-like carrier are added and uniformly mixed, and then formed to obtain a seedling raising substrate.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of seedling raising substrate, in particular to a non-metallic ore powder ball loaded with plant nutrient factors and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Seedling raising is to create a suitable environment for seedling growth according to the characteristics and environmental requirements of seed germination and seedling growth at each period, so as to improve the survival rate of seedlings, make seedlings strong, and reduce costs. Seedling raising is an important means to obtain early maturity, high yield and high quality production, and plays a crucial role in plant cultivation.

[0003] Substrate seedling raising has become a developing direction in plant production, and is an essential link in the process of agricultural production scale and specialization. Compared with conventional soil seedling raising, substrate seedling raising has the advantages of simple use, seed saving, labor saving, time saving, land saving and easy management. Seedlings and seedlings grown on high-quality substrate products generally have the characteristics of uniform emergence, developed root system, good growth, short or no slow-growing period after planting.

[0004] The existing substrate often uses multiple substrates for compounding, and the proportion of each component in the compounded substrate has different effects on the growth and development of crops, fruit quality and yield. Kaolin has the performance of adsorbing various ions and impurities from the surrounding medium, and has weak ion exchange properties in solution. At present, kaolin is widely used in cultivation substrate, and has the advantages of strong water absorption and good air permeability. Kaolin has the characteristics of improving the granular structure of soil and water storage and conservation.

[0005] At the same time, the compounded substrate exists in various forms, such as solid substrate and liquid substrate. Using solid substrate as planting medium can provide support for plant roots, which not only has simple facilities, but also has relatively low investment cost. The rhizosphere environment formed by the characteristics of the substrate is relatively stable, and has certain self-regulating ability for nutrients, water and pH value. In the process of cultivation management, it is very similar to soil cultivation, and it is easier to master the technical mode of this kind of cultivation, so as to improve the yield and quality of crops.

[0006] The solid seedling raising block is a compacted substrate, which realizes the fixation of physical properties under certain pressure and temperature. However, due to the pressure and pressure preservation, the texture of the substrate is relatively tight, and the porosity of the substrate is continuously reduced, which is not conducive to seedling culture, and the water retention function is poor. After planting in the spring drought area where water resources are lacking, the seedling block is easy to lose water, resulting in long seedling period and low germination rate, which needs to be solved urgently. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to solve the problems in the prior art, and to provide a non-metallic ore powder ball loaded with plant nutrient factors and a preparation method thereof.

[0008] The application discloses a seedling raising substrate preparation method of non-metallic ore powder ball loading plant nutrient factors, and comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1, kaolin is added into hydrochloric acid, stirred at 60-70 DEG C for 1-2h, washed to neutral, calcined at 400-460 DEG C for 1-2h, then added into water with gelatinized starch, stirred, silane coupling agent KH560 is added, the temperature is adjusted to 50-60 DEG C, and stirring is continued for 1-2h, filtration, washing, drying, stirring is carried out after adding polyvinyl alcohol and pH regulator, and premix is obtained;

[0010] S2, fly ash and refined sugar are uniformly mixed, and the pretreated fly ash is obtained by compression molding; potassium hydroxide is added into sodium silicate solution and stirred uniformly, hydroxypropyl chitosan is added, stirring is carried out at 40-60 DEG C for 10-30 min, and the precursor solution is obtained; the precursor solution is uniformly poured on the surface of the pretreated fly ash, and the mixture is placed for 1-2h, solidified at 80-90 DEG C for 10-30 min, ultrasonic washing is carried out, and the sponge-like carrier is obtained by drying;

[0011] S3, the garden soil, organic fertilizer and plant fermented straw are added into a high-speed pulverizer and pulverized, and sieving is carried out, so that the granules are obtained; the premix and the sponge-like carrier are uniformly mixed, and the seedling raising substrate is obtained by compression molding.

[0012] Preferably, in S1, the mass ratio of kaolin, gelatinized starch, silane coupling agent KH560, polyvinyl alcohol and pH regulator is 10-30:5-15:0.1-1:1-3:1-5.

[0013] Preferably, in S1, the pH regulator is acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer.

[0014] Preferably, in S2, the porosity of the pretreated fly ash is 0.3-0.5.

[0015] Preferably, in S2, the concentration of the sodium silicate solution is 0.1-1 mol / L, and the mass ratio of fly ash, refined sugar, potassium hydroxide, sodium silicate solution and hydroxypropyl chitosan is 5-15:10-30:1-2:20-40:1-8.

[0016] Preferably, in S3, the mass ratio of the garden soil, organic fertilizer, plant fermented straw, premix and sponge-like carrier is 100:10-30:10-20:20-50:10-30.

[0017] Preferably, in S3, the particle size of the garden soil is 1-4 mm, the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements is 2-5:0.1-1:3-6, and the organic matter content is 5-10%.

[0018] Preferably, in S3, the particle size of the organic fertilizer is 1-5 mm, and the organic matter content is 50-59%.

[0019] The non-metallic mineral powder ball loading plant nutrient factor seedling raising substrate is prepared by the non-metallic mineral powder ball loading plant nutrient factor seedling raising substrate preparation method.

[0020] Preferably, the comprehensive moisture content of the seedling raising substrate is 10-15%, the total porosity is 60-70%, the aeration porosity is 12.8-18.6%, the water holding porosity is 47.5-53.8%, the water-air ratio is 2.5-3.5, and the pH value is 7.11-7.24.

[0021] The technical effects of the present application are as follows:

[0022] The present application pretreats kaolin, increases the specific surface area of kaolin, makes the particle texture loose, and then couples kaolin and gelatinized starch together by the action of a silane coupling agent, glues the loose kaolin, and inserts gelatinized starch to form a network structure connected to each other, so that the product not only has a good water retention performance structure, but also has an increased interlayer spacing, greatly improves the adsorption capacity of heavy metal ions, and reduces the enrichment of heavy metal ions in plants.

[0023] The present application continues to use sodium silicate and potassium hydroxide to be compounded, and then poured to the surface of the pretreated fly ash, which not only promotes polymerization, but also contains a large number of active hydroxyl groups in the hydroxypropyl chitosan molecules, which can form covalent bonds with the hydroxyl groups generated in the polymerization process, so that the obtained three-dimensional network structure has a certain toughness, and at the same time has a very rich sponge-like network structure inside. After compression molding, a high stress is generated between the sponge-like carrier and other components, so that the sponge-like carrier has the function of "bones and muscles", and forms a whole between the loose components, which is beneficial to the retention of the molded size. In the transportation process, even if cracking occurs, the sponge-like carrier is also not easy to be crushed due to the connection.

[0024] When the premix is compounded with the sponge-like carrier, after the substrate is irrigated, the substrate swells due to water absorption. Because the sponge-like carrier is densely covered with a network, stress is generated on the sponge-like carrier when the particles swell, so that the whole swells, the porosity increases, and the root growth of the plants is facilitated.

[0025] The obtained substrate is made according to the physiological characteristics of seedlings, has the characteristics of loose and breathable, high water retention capacity, uniform emergence, short seedling age, high survival rate after planting, and is suitable for the production and application of large-scale substrates. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 The figure is a comparison chart of the repeated water absorption capacity of the seedling raising substrates obtained in Example 5 and Comparative Examples 1-2.

[0027] Figure 2 The figure is a comparison chart of the water retention capacity of the seedling raising substrates obtained in Example 5 and Comparative Examples 1-2.

[0028] Figure 3 A comparison chart of heavy metal ion removal rates of the seedling substrates obtained in Example 5 and Comparative Examples 1-2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The application will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] The seedling substrate prepared by loading plant nutrient factors on non-metallic ore powder balls comprises the following steps:

[0032] S1, 10 kg of kaolin is added to 100 kg of 1% hydrochloric acid, stirred at 60°C for 1 h, washed to neutral, calcined in a tube furnace at 400°C for 1 h, 5 kg of gelatinized starch is added to 100 kg of water, stirred at a speed of 500 r / min for 10 min, 0.1 kg of silane coupling agent KH560 is added, and stirring is continued at 50°C for 1 h, then filtered, washed, and dried, 1 kg of polyvinyl alcohol and 1 kg of acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer are added, stirred at a speed of 500 r / min for 1 h, and a premix is obtained;

[0033] S2, 5 kg of fly ash and 10 kg of refined sugar are uniformly mixed and molded to obtain pretreated fly ash; 1 kg of potassium hydroxide is added to 20 kg of 0.1 mol / L sodium silicate solution and stirred uniformly, 1 kg of hydroxypropyl chitosan is added, and stirring is continued at 40°C for 10 min to obtain a precursor solution;

[0034] The precursor solution is uniformly poured on the surface of the pretreated fly ash, and after standing for 1 h, it is added to an oven at 80°C for solidification for 10 min, refined sugar is removed by ultrasonic water washing, and drying is carried out at 50°C to constant weight to obtain a sponge-like carrier;

[0035] S3, 100 kg of farmland soil, 10 kg of organic fertilizer, and 10 kg of plant fermented straw are added to a high-speed pulverizer for pulverization, sieved to obtain granules with a particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm, added to a stirred tank, and 20 kg of premix and 10 kg of sponge-like carrier are added and uniformly mixed, and molded to obtain a seedling substrate.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] The seedling substrate prepared by loading plant nutrient factors on non-metallic ore powder balls comprises the following steps:

[0038] S1, 30 kg of kaolin was added to 200 kg of 3% hydrochloric acid, stirred at 70℃ for 2h, washed to neutral with water, calcined in a tube furnace at 460℃ for 2h, 15 kg of gelatinized starch was added to 200 kg of water, stirred at 1200r / min for 30 min, 1 kg of silane coupling agent KH560 was added, and the stirring was continued at 60℃ for 2h, then filtered, washed and dried, 3 kg of polyvinyl alcohol and 5 kg of acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer were added, stirred at 1500r / min for 2h, and the premix was obtained;

[0039] S2, 15 kg of fly ash and 30 kg of refined sugar were mixed uniformly and pressed into a pretreated fly ash; 2 kg of potassium hydroxide was added to 40 kg of 1 mol / L sodium silicate solution and stirred uniformly, 8 kg of hydroxypropyl chitosan was added, and stirred at 60℃ for 30 min to obtain a precursor solution;

[0040] The precursor solution was poured uniformly on the surface of the pretreated fly ash, and placed for 2h, then added to a oven at 90℃ for solidification for 30 min, and the refined sugar was removed by ultrasonic water washing, and dried at 60℃ to constant weight to obtain a sponge-like carrier;

[0041] S3, 100 kg of garden soil, 30 kg of organic fertilizer and 20 kg of plant fermented straw were added to a high-speed pulverizer and pulverized, sieved to obtain granules with a particle size of 0.1-0.5mm, then added to a stirred tank, 50 kg of premix and 30 kg of sponge-like carrier were added and mixed uniformly, and pressed into a seedling substrate.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] The preparation method of the seedling substrate loaded with plant nutrient factors by non-metallic ore powder balling, comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1, 15 kg of kaolin was added to 180 kg of 1.5% hydrochloric acid, stirred at 68℃ for 80 min, washed to neutral with water, calcined in a tube furnace at 440℃ for 75 min, 12 kg of gelatinized starch was added to 130 kg of water, stirred at 1000r / min for 15 min, 0.7 kg of silane coupling agent KH560 was added, and the stirring was continued at 52℃ for 110 min, then filtered, washed and dried, 1.5 kg of polyvinyl alcohol and 4 kg of acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer were added, stirred at 800r / min for 100 min, and the premix was obtained;

[0045] S2, 8 kg fly ash, 25 kg refined sugar were mixed uniformly, and were pressed to obtain pretreated fly ash; 1.3 kg potassium hydroxide was added into 35 kg sodium silicate solution with a concentration of 0.2 mol / L, and was stirred uniformly, 6 kg hydroxypropyl chitosan was added, and was stirred at 45℃ for 25 min to obtain a precursor solution;

[0046] The precursor solution was uniformly poured on the surface of the pretreated fly ash, and was placed for 75 min, was added into an oven at 88℃ and was solidified for 15 min, the refined sugar was removed by ultrasonic water washing, and was dried at 57℃ to constant weight to obtain a sponge-like carrier;

[0047] S3, 100 kg of garden soil, 15 kg of organic fertilizer, and 17 kg of plant fermented straw were added to a high-speed pulverizer for crushing, and were sieved to obtain granules with a particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm, were added to a stirred tank, 30 kg of premix, and 25 kg of sponge-like carrier were added and mixed uniformly, and were pressed to obtain a seedling substrate.

[0048] Example 4

[0049] The preparation method of the seedling substrate loaded with plant nutrient factors by non-metallic ore powder balling, comprising the following steps:

[0050] S1, 25 kg of kaolin was added to 120 kg of hydrochloric acid with a mass fraction of 2.5%, and was stirred at 62℃ for 100 min, was washed to neutral, was calcined in a tube furnace at 420℃ for 105 min, was added to 170 kg of water with 8 kg of gelatinized starch, was stirred at a speed of 600 r / min for 25 min, 0.3 kg of silane coupling agent KH560 was added, and was continuously stirred at 58℃ for 70 min, was filtered, washed, and dried, 2.5 kg of polyvinyl alcohol and 2 kg of acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer were added, and were stirred at a speed of 1200 r / min for 80 min to obtain a premix;

[0051] S2, 12 kg fly ash, 15 kg refined sugar were mixed uniformly, and were pressed to obtain pretreated fly ash; 1.7 kg potassium hydroxide was added into 25 kg sodium silicate solution with a concentration of 0.8 mol / L, and was stirred uniformly, 2 kg hydroxypropyl chitosan was added, and was stirred at 55℃ for 15 min to obtain a precursor solution;

[0052] The precursor solution was uniformly poured on the surface of the pretreated fly ash, and was placed for 105 min, was added into an oven at 82℃ and was solidified for 25 min, the refined sugar was removed by ultrasonic water washing, and was dried at 53℃ to constant weight to obtain a sponge-like carrier;

[0053] S3, 100 kg of farmland soil, 25 kg of organic fertilizer, 13 kg of plant fermented straw were added to a high-speed pulverizer for crushing, sieving, and obtaining granules with a particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm, which were added to a stirring kettle, 40 kg of premix, 15 kg of sponge-like carrier were added and uniformly mixed, and then pressed into a shape to obtain a seedling substrate.

[0054] Example 5

[0055] The preparation method of the seedling substrate for non-metallic mineral powder ball loading plant nutrient factors comprises the following steps:

[0056] S1, 20 kg of kaolin was added to 150 kg of 2% hydrochloric acid, stirred at 65°C for 90 min, washed to neutral, calcined in a tube furnace at 430°C for 90 min, 10 kg of gelatinized starch was added to 150 kg of water, stirred at 800 r / min for 20 min, 0.5 kg of silane coupling agent KH560 was added, and the stirring was continued at 55°C for 90 min, then filtered, washed and dried, 2 kg of polyvinyl alcohol and 3 kg of acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer were added, and stirred at 1000 r / min for 90 min to obtain a premix;

[0057] S2, 10 kg of fly ash and 20 kg of refined sugar were uniformly mixed and pressed into a shape to obtain pretreated fly ash; 1.5 kg of potassium hydroxide was added to 30 kg of 0.5 mol / L sodium silicate solution and stirred uniformly, 4 kg of hydroxypropyl chitosan was added, and stirred at 50°C for 20 min to obtain a precursor solution;

[0058] The precursor solution was uniformly poured on the surface of the pretreated fly ash, and placed for 90 min, then added to an oven at 85°C for solidification for 20 min, and the refined sugar was removed by ultrasonic water washing, and dried at 55°C to constant weight to obtain a sponge-like carrier;

[0059] S3, 100 kg of farmland soil, 20 kg of organic fertilizer, 15 kg of plant fermented straw were added to a high-speed pulverizer for crushing, sieving, and obtaining granules with a particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm, which were added to a stirring kettle, 40 kg of premix, 15 kg of sponge-like carrier were added and uniformly mixed, and then pressed into a shape to obtain a seedling substrate.

[0060] Comparative Example 1

[0061] The preparation method of the seedling substrate for non-metallic mineral powder ball loading plant nutrient factors comprises the following steps:

[0062] i, 20 kg of kaolin and 10 kg of gelatinized starch were uniformly mixed to obtain a premix;

[0063] ii. 10 kg fly ash, 20 kg refined sugar were mixed uniformly, and were pressed to form a pretreated fly ash; 1.5 kg potassium hydroxide was added into 30 kg sodium silicate solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L, and was stirred uniformly, 4 kg hydroxypropyl chitosan was added, and was stirred at a temperature of 50 ℃ for 20 min to obtain a precursor solution;

[0064] The precursor solution was poured uniformly on the surface of the pretreated fly ash, and was placed for 90 min, and was added into an oven with a temperature of 85 ℃ for solidification for 20 min, and was washed with ultrasonic water to remove the refined sugar, and was dried at a temperature of 55 ℃ to constant weight to obtain a sponge-like carrier;

[0065] iii. 100 kg garden soil, 20 kg organic fertilizer, and 15 kg plant fermented straw were added into a high-speed pulverizer for pulverization, and were sieved to obtain granules with a particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm, and were added into a stirring kettle, 35 kg premix, and 20 kg sponge-like carrier were added and were mixed uniformly, and were pressed to form a seedling substrate.

[0066] Comparative Example 2

[0067] The preparation method of the seedling substrate loaded with plant nutrient factors and prepared from non-metallic ore powder comprises the following steps:

[0068] i. 20 kg kaolin was added into 150 kg hydrochloric acid with a mass fraction of 2%, and was stirred at a temperature of 65 ℃ for 90 min, and was washed to neutral, and was calcined in a tube furnace at a temperature of 430 ℃ for 90 min, and was added into 150 kg water together with 10 kg gelatinized starch, and was stirred at a speed of 800 r / min for 20 min, and was added with 0.5 kg silane coupling agent KH560, and was continuously stirred at a temperature of 55 ℃ for 90 min, and was filtered, washed, and dried, and was added with 2 kg polyvinyl alcohol and 3 kg acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer, and was stirred at a speed of 1000 r / min for 90 min to obtain a premix;

[0069] ii. 100 kg garden soil, 20 kg organic fertilizer, and 15 kg plant fermented straw were added into a high-speed pulverizer for pulverization, and were sieved to obtain granules with a particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm, and were added into a stirring kettle, 35 kg premix, and 20 kg fly ash were added and were mixed uniformly, and were pressed to form a seedling substrate.

[0070] The physical properties of the seedling substrates obtained in Example 5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were determined, and each sample was tested for 5 times, and the average value was taken. Specifically as follows:

[0071] Example 5 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Container weight, g / cm 3 ]] 1.06 1.15 1.11 Total porosity, % 68.41 52.33 60.25 Aeration porosity, % 16.73 6.13 10.74 Water holding porosity, % 51.36 45.18 48.44 Water air ratio 3.07 7.37 4.51 pH value 7.15 7.22 7.19

[0072] From the above table, it can be seen that the seedling substrate obtained in Example 5 has the smallest bulk density, the highest total porosity, and the lowest water-air ratio, indicating that the seedling substrate obtained in Example 5 has the best air permeability and water retention, and is very suitable as a seedling environment.

[0073] The applicant believes that this is because the kaolin is pretreated to increase its specific surface area, and the loose kaolin is bonded together and intercalated with gelatinized starch to form an interconnected network structure, thus having good air permeability and water retention properties; and by preparing a sponge-like carrier, the product has an extremely rich sponge-like network structure, which can further improve the air permeability and water retention capacity of the matrix.

[0074] The repeated water absorption and water retention capacity of the seedling substrates obtained in Example 5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were tested, as follows:

[0075] Repeated water absorption capacity test: Immerse each group of samples (mass m1) in 2000mL of deionized water for 12 hours. Filter the solution through double-layered gauze until no more water drips through, and weigh the matrix. Then dry the samples in an 80℃ oven, add distilled water to absorb the water, and dry again. Repeat this test 10 times, recording the matrix mass (m1) after each re-soaking. n Each sample was tested 5 times, and the average value was taken.

[0076] Water absorption rate = (m n -m1) / m1×100%

[0077] like Figure 1 As shown, the seedling substrate obtained in Example 5 has the strongest repeated water absorption capacity, while the seedling substrate obtained in Comparative Example 1 has the weakest repeated water absorption capacity. The applicant believes that this is because the kaolin in this application pre-treats the kaolin, increases the specific surface area of ​​the kaolin, binds the loose kaolin together, and uses gelatinized starch intercalation to form an interconnected network structure, thereby having good water absorption performance.

[0078] However, the water absorption capacity of the seedling substrate obtained in Example 5 decreased less in the early stage but decreased more rapidly in the later stage. The applicant believes that this is because the application uses sodium silicate and potassium hydroxide compound, and then pours it onto the pretreated fly ash plane. This not only promotes polymerization, but also the hydroxypropyl chitosan molecules contain a large number of active hydroxyl groups, which can form covalent bonds with the hydroxyl groups generated during the polymerization process. This gives the product an extremely rich sponge-like network structure, which has a high water absorption and retention capacity in the early stage. However, as it is repeatedly dried at a high temperature (80°C), its sponge-like network structure is damaged, and the water absorption capacity decreases in the later stage.

[0079] Water retention capacity test: Each group of samples (mass m2) was immersed in 2000 mL of deionized water for 12 hours. After filtration through double-layer gauze until no water droplets leaked, the matrix mass (m3) was measured. The matrix was then placed in a beaker and incubated at 35°C. The beakers were weighed every 24 hours. x), each sample was tested 5 times, and the average value was taken.

[0080] Water retention rate = (m x -m2) / (m3-m2) x 100%

[0081] As Figure 2 shown, the water retention capacity of the seedling substrate obtained in Example 5 is the strongest, and the water retention capacity of the seedling substrate obtained in Comparative Example 2 is the weakest. The applicant believes that this is because the kaolin clay is pretreated in the present application to increase the specific surface area of the kaolin clay, bond the loose kaolin clay together, and use gelatinized starch intercalation to form a network structure connected to each other, thereby having good water absorption and water retention performance. At the same time, the premix is compounded with the sponge-like carrier, when the substrate is fully soaked, the substrate absorbs water and swells, and due to the network of the sponge-like carrier, the water retention performance is further improved.

[0082] The heavy metal ion adsorption test of the seedling substrates obtained in Example 5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 was carried out as follows: each group of samples (1 g) was added to 1000 mL of mixed heavy metal ion solution, the concentration of cadmium ions and mercury ions was 100 mg / L, and the mixed solution was shaken for 12 hours. Then the concentration of heavy metal ions in the mixed solution was measured, the measurement was repeated 3 times, the average value was taken, and the removal rate was calculated.

[0083] As Figure 3 shown, the heavy metal ion removal rate of the seedling substrate obtained in Example 5 is the highest, the applicant believes that this is because the kaolin clay is pretreated in the present application to increase the specific surface area of the kaolin clay, make the particle texture loose, and then couple the kaolin clay and the gelatinized starch together through the action of the silane coupling agent, bond the loose kaolin clay together, and use gelatinized starch intercalation to increase the interlayer spacing, greatly improve the adsorption capacity of heavy metal ions, and reduce the enrichment of heavy metal ions in the plant; the sponge-like network structure in the sponge-like carrier also has a certain adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions.

[0084] The seedling substrates obtained in Example 5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were used for tests, with Jiaohong 13 as the test object, using a randomized block design, using a non-dormancy planting method, and using 50-hole standard plug trays as one repetition, 3 repetitions for each treatment, consistent fertilization and water management, and reasonable disease and pest control.

[0085] After the seedlings were uniform, the germination rate of each group was investigated. The aboveground and underground parts of Jiaohong 13 seedlings were separated and placed in an oven, and dried to constant weight at 75°C, and the dry weight was measured to calculate the vigorous seedling index and root-shoot ratio of each treatment.

[0086] Germination rate (%) = number of germinated seeds / number of tested seeds x 100%.

[0087] Vigorous seedling index = (stem diameter / height + underground dry weight / aboveground dry weight) x whole plant dry weight.

[0088] Root-shoot ratio = underground dry weight / aboveground dry weight.

[0089] The results are as follows:

[0090] Example 5 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Emergence rate, % 94.35 a ]] 93.37 a ]] 94.61 a <!-- 6 -->]]> Strong seedling index 0.039 a ]] 0.068 b ]]> 0.057 c ]]> Root-shoot ratio 0.162 a ]]> 0.327 b ]]> 0.255 c ]]

[0091] Note: The same column different lowercase letters represent significant difference (P < 0.05).

[0092] From the above table, it can be seen that the emergence rates of each group are similar, and there is no significant difference; but the strong seedling index and root-shoot ratio of each group are significantly different, and the strong seedling index and root-shoot ratio of Example 5 group are better than those of the comparative example group. Since the seedling substrates of each group are different, and the air permeability and water retention performance of the seedling substrate is extremely important for the growth of the plant seedling stage, this test proves from the side that the air permeability and water retention performance of the seedling substrate obtained in Example 5 is better than that of the comparative example.

[0093] The above description is only the preferred specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this, any skilled person in the art, according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present application, makes equivalent replacement or change within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a seedling raising substrate by loading plant nutrient factors on non-metallic ore powder pellets, characterized by, It comprises the following steps: S1, kaolin is added to hydrochloric acid, stirred at 60-70 DEG C for 1-2h, washed to neutral with water, calcined at 400-460 DEG C for 1-2h, then added to water with gelatinized starch, stirred, silane coupling agent KH560 is added, the temperature is adjusted to 50-60 DEG C, and stirring is continued for 1-2h, then filtered, washed, dried, polyvinyl alcohol and pH regulator are added and stirred to obtain a premix; In S1, the mass ratio of kaolin, gelatinized starch, silane coupling agent KH560, polyvinyl alcohol and pH regulator is 10-30:5-15:0.1-1:1-3:1-5; S2, fly ash and refined sugar are uniformly mixed and formed into a preprocessed fly ash; potassium hydroxide is added to a sodium silicate solution and stirred uniformly, and hydroxypropyl chitosan is added, and stirring is continued at 40-60 DEG C for 10-30 min to obtain a precursor solution; the precursor solution is uniformly poured on the surface of the preprocessed fly ash, and the mixture is left to stand for 1-2h, and then solidified at 80-90 DEG C for 10-30 min, and then washed with ultrasonic water and dried to obtain a sponge-like carrier; In S2, the concentration of the sodium silicate solution is 0.1-1 mol / L, and the mass ratio of fly ash, refined sugar, potassium hydroxide, sodium silicate solution and hydroxypropyl chitosan is 5-15:10-30:1-2:20-40:1-8; S3, garden soil, organic fertilizer and plant fermented straw are added to a high-speed pulverizer and pulverized, and then sieved to obtain granules; the premix and the sponge-like carrier are added and uniformly mixed, and then formed into a seedling substrate; In S3, the mass ratio of garden soil, organic fertilizer, plant fermented straw, premix and sponge-like carrier is 100:10-30:10-20:20-50:10-30.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the pH regulator is acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the porosity of the preprocessed fly ash is 0.3-0.

5.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the particle size of the garden soil is 1-4 mm, the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements is 2-5:0.1-1:3-6, and the organic matter content is 5-10%.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming the first and second layers is performed by a process selected from the group consisting of: sputtering, evaporation, and chemical vapor deposition. In S3, the particle size of the organic fertilizer is 1-5 mm, and the organic matter content is 50-59%.

6. A seedling raising substrate in which non-metallic mineral powder is used to produce balls and plant nutrient factors are loaded thereon, characterized by, The seedling substrate is prepared by the method for preparing a seedling substrate using non-metallic ore powder and plant nutrient factors according to any one of claims 1-5.

7. The nursery substrate according to claim 6, wherein The seedling substrate has a comprehensive water content of 10-15%, a total porosity of 60-70%, an air porosity of 12.8-18.6%, a water holding porosity of 47.5-53.8%, a water-air ratio of 2.5-3.5, and a pH value of 7.11-7.24.

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