A tunnel construction method with longitudinal slope and bracket

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of civil engineering construction technology, and specifically discloses a tunnel construction method with longitudinal slope and corbels, comprising the following steps: S1: completing initial lining construction and constructing part of secondary lining wall body to form a formwork structure lap joint area, and entering secondary lining wall body and arch construction preparation; S2: secondary lining trolley assembly and debugging; S3: waterproof and drainage system construction; S4: reinforcing steel bar and water stop belt installation; S5: secondary lining trolley positioning and formwork structure installation; S6: secondary lining concrete pouring; S7: demolding and curing: entering the demolding process after 24 hours of concrete pouring completion, and the concrete curing time after demolding is not less than 7 days; S8: trolley forward movement, repeating steps S3 to S7 until the secondary lining of the tunnel is completed. The present application can be used for special tunnel construction with longitudinal slope and corbels, and can realize one-time integral pouring of corbels and tunnel secondary lining, improving the stress performance of corbel structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of civil engineering construction technology, specifically to a method for constructing tunnels with longitudinal slopes and corbels. Background Technology

[0002] In underground engineering, there are some special tunnels that not only serve as passageways but also as storage chambers. Therefore, they typically employ vertical sidewalls with corbels at the top, supporting rails for the movement of bridge cranes. These tunnels not only have large cross-sections, but also require the top surfaces of the corbels to remain level to ensure the safe and stable movement of the bridge cranes.

[0003] For conventional highway and railway tunnel projects without corbels, secondary lining concrete pouring is generally done using a secondary lining trolley, which is characterized by high speed, stable operation, and flexibility. However, for tunnels with corbels, the cross-sectional shape is relatively complex. To facilitate installation, demolding, and formwork removal, the sidewall formwork often needs to be separated near the corbel. Simultaneously, to ensure the load-bearing performance of the corbel structure, the corbel concrete should ideally be poured integrally with the wall concrete. When the tunnel has no longitudinal slope along its length, the top surface of the corbel is parallel to the tunnel axis, and the cross-section remains unchanged along the length, making it easy to pour the corbel concrete integrally with the wall. However, when the tunnel has a longitudinal slope along its length, the top surface of the corbel and the top edge of the sidewall are no longer parallel but form an angle. The tunnel cross-section changes continuously and uniformly along its length, and the distance between the top surface of the corbel and the top edge of the sidewall changes with each pour of secondary lining concrete. For this situation, existing methods generally involve constructing the sidewall first and then separately constructing the corbel, or using steel corbel structures, neither of which can guarantee the integrity of the secondary lining structure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problems in the prior art, this invention provides a tunnel construction method with a longitudinal slope and corbels, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1: Complete the initial lining construction and construct part of the secondary lining wall, forming the formwork structure overlap area, and enter the construction preparation for the secondary lining wall and arch.

[0006] S2: Assembly and commissioning of the secondary lining trolley: Assemble the secondary lining trolley in the section where the invert arch and invert arch filling have been constructed inside the tunnel, and conduct commissioning and inspection to ensure that all functions of the secondary lining trolley are normal and the overall installation quality meets the requirements.

[0007] S3: Construction of drainage and waterproofing system;

[0008] S4: Installation of reinforcing bars and waterstops;

[0009] S5: Positioning of the secondary lining trolley and installation of the formwork structure;

[0010] S6: Secondary Lining Concrete Pouring: Concrete is poured through the reserved pouring window of the secondary lining trolley. The concrete pouring speed is controlled at about 1.5m / h. The concrete is poured in layers, symmetrically and continuously from the two side arch walls to the arch top, from bottom to top. During the pouring process, the concrete is vibrated and compacted.

[0011] S7: Demolding and curing: Demolding shall begin 24 hours after concrete pouring is completed, and the concrete curing time after demolding shall not be less than 7 days.

[0012] S8: Move the trolley forward and repeat steps S3 to S7 until the secondary lining of this section of the tunnel is completed.

[0013] Furthermore, step S2 includes a tunnel corbel template structure. This template structure includes a corbel belly mold, multiple corbel top molds, an adjusting module, a top mold sleeve, and a chain guide system. The corbel belly mold includes multiple arc-shaped lifting lugs, multiple belly mold components, and a through beam. The arc-shaped lifting lugs, multiple belly mold components, and multiple corbel top molds correspond one-to-one. The belly mold components and the corbel top molds form the corbel template structure. Multiple corbel template structures are distributed along the length of the tunnel. The lower part of the arc-shaped lifting lugs is welded to the belly mold components. The through beam... The through beam is connected to multiple web template components to form a whole. The side of the through beam away from the web template components is connected to the side of the trolley frame through web template screws. One end of each of the multiple corbel top molds is equipped with an adjustment module by bolts, and the other end is connected to the side of the trolley frame through multiple top mold screws. The guide chain system is installed on the top of the side of the trolley frame. The guide chain system is hinged to the arc-shaped lifting lug in one of the corbel template structures. One end of the top mold sleeve is hinged to the corbel top mold in the corresponding corbel template structure, and the other end is connected to the guide chain system.

[0014] Furthermore, step S5 includes referring to the drawings, using a total station and steel tape measure to perform positioning measurements, so that the secondary lining trolley is initially positioned according to the design position, adjusting the elevation of the corbel top formwork through the guide chain system, adjusting the adjustment module to match the total height of the adjustment module with the elevation of the corresponding corbel formwork structure, and using vertical wedge blocks to limit and fix the adjustment module, and then checking the centerline, elevation, and geometric dimensions of the secondary lining trolley to ensure precise positioning.

[0015] Furthermore, the adjustment module includes a large adjustment module and a small adjustment module. The large adjustment module is arranged in m layers along the vertical direction, and the small adjustment module is arranged in 1 layer or none. The large adjustment modules are connected to each other or to each other by bolts. The height of the small adjustment module is △h0, and the height of the large adjustment module is 2△h0, where △h0 = L0 × i%, where L0 is the standard length of the second-lined concrete of one module, and i% is the longitudinal slope of the tunnel.

[0016] Furthermore, the adjustment method for the adjustment module includes:

[0017] When the tunnel construction is progressing uphill, no adjustment module needs to be installed during the first formwork pouring. During the second formwork pouring, one layer of small adjustment module is installed. During the third formwork pouring, one layer of small adjustment module is removed and one layer of large adjustment module is installed. This process is repeated alternately. With each advance of one formwork, the total height of the adjustment module increases by △h0.

[0018] When the tunnel construction is proceeding downhill, m layers of large adjusting molds or m layers of large adjusting molds and 1 layer of small adjusting molds are installed during the first mold pouring. During the second mold pouring, 1 layer of large adjusting molds is removed, and 1 layer of small adjusting molds is installed or removed. During the third mold pouring, 1 layer of small adjusting molds is removed or 1 layer of large adjusting molds is removed, and 1 layer of small adjusting molds is installed. This process is repeated alternately. With each mold advance, the total height of the adjusting mold group decreases by Δh0.

[0019] Furthermore, the top mold sleeve includes an inner sleeve, an outer sleeve, a triangular bracket, and a top mold cylinder. One end of the inner sleeve is hinged to the upper hinge lug of the top mold, and the other end is slidably sleeved to the outer sleeve. The triangular bracket is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the outer sleeve and connected to the guide chain system. The two ends of the top mold cylinder are hinged to the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve respectively through the hinge lug and the pin. The inner sleeve and the outer sleeve slide freely under the drive of the top mold cylinder.

[0020] Furthermore, the chain guide system includes a wire rope, an upper chain guide lug, a chain guide longitudinal beam, a lower chain guide lug, a chain guide connecting plate, and an electric hoist. The electric hoist is installed on the top side of the trolley frame and is hinged to the upper chain guide lug via the wire rope. The upper chain guide lug, the chain guide longitudinal beam, the lower chain guide lug, and the chain guide connecting plate are welded together as a whole. The chain guide connecting plate is bolted to the triangular bracket, and the lower chain guide lug is hinged to the arc-shaped lifting lug.

[0021] Furthermore, the demolding process in step S7 includes removing the top mold screw and the belly mold screw, lowering and loosening the steel wire rope, retracting the top mold cylinder, driving the inner sleeve to retract inside the outer sleeve, so that the corbel top mold and the adjusting module are separated from the corbel concrete surface, and then removing the other side wall formwork screws, and using a guide chain system to suspend the corbel belly mold, corbel top mold and side wall formwork as a whole.

[0022] Furthermore, step S3 includes laying geotextile in a continuous, seamless manner, installing drainage blind pipes according to the distribution of fissure water, and then laying waterproofing membrane in a continuous, seamless manner.

[0023] Furthermore, step S4 includes processing the reinforcing bars into semi-finished products in the reinforcing bar processing yard, and then installing them one by one in the hole, and setting an external rubber waterstop and a full-ring embedded steel plate putty waterstop at each construction joint.

[0024] Beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. This invention can be used for the construction of special tunnels with longitudinal slopes and corbels, and can realize the one-time integral casting of corbels and secondary tunnel lining, improving the structural performance of corbels. Combined with the template structure including corbel belly formwork, multiple corbel top formwork, adjustment modules, top formwork sleeves and guide chain system, it can facilitate the quick and easy demolding of corbel belly formwork and corbel top formwork and the adjustment of the elevation of corbel template structure. In addition, by adopting the "adjust formwork first and then position" method, the adjustment modules are adjusted and installed in place first, and then precise positioning is performed. The working space at the top of the corbel is relatively large, which is beneficial to construction.

[0026] 2. This invention, through the setting of large and small adjustment molds, enables the top edge of the tunnel sidewall template to be parallel to the tunnel axis and the top surface of the corbel to remain horizontal, thereby improving the appearance quality of the tunnel secondary lining. At the same time, it can reduce the number of adjustment molds. Specifically, the height of both the large and small adjustment molds adopts a modular design. The height of the small adjustment mold is the height required for each advance of the tunnel construction, and the height of the large adjustment mold is twice the height of the small adjustment mold. Through repeated assembly and disassembly of the large and small adjustment molds, the total height of the adjustment module can be adjusted. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the lining trolley of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Detailed structural diagram at point A;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cow leg abdominal mold structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cow leg top mold structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment module structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the top mold sleeve structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the chain guide system structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the tunnel sidewall of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a partial schematic diagram of the lining trolley after demolding according to the present invention.

[0038] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0039] 1. Corbel belly mold; 11. Arc-shaped lifting lug; 12. Belly mold component; 13. Through beam; 2. Corbel top mold; 21. Top mold component; 22. Top mold upper hinge lug; 23. Top mold side hinge lug; 3. Adjustment module; 31. Large adjustment mold; 32. Small adjustment mold; 4. Top mold sleeve; 41. Inner sleeve; 42. Outer sleeve; 43. Triangular bracket; 44. Top mold hydraulic cylinder; 5. Guide chain system; 51. Wire rope; 52. Guide chain upper hinge lug; 53. Guide chain longitudinal beam; 54. Guide chain lower hinge lug; 55. Guide chain connecting plate; 56. Electric hoist; 6. Top mold lead screw; 7. Belly mold lead screw; 8. Trolley frame; 9. Wall top junction mold. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0041] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0042] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0043] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0045] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0046] This invention provides a method for constructing a tunnel with a longitudinal slope and corbels, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0047] S1: Complete the initial lining construction and construct part of the secondary lining wall, forming the formwork structure overlap area, and enter the construction preparation for the secondary lining wall and arch.

[0048] S2: Assembly and commissioning of the secondary lining trolley: Assemble the secondary lining trolley in the section where the invert arch and invert arch filling have been constructed inside the tunnel, and conduct commissioning and inspection to ensure that all functions of the secondary lining trolley are normal and the overall installation quality meets the requirements.

[0049] S3: Construction of drainage and waterproofing system;

[0050] S4: Installation of reinforcing bars and waterstops;

[0051] S5: Positioning of the secondary lining trolley and installation of the formwork structure;

[0052] S6: Secondary Lining Concrete Pouring: Concrete is poured through the reserved pouring window of the secondary lining trolley. The concrete pouring speed is controlled at about 1.5m / h. The concrete is poured in layers, symmetrically and continuously from the two side arch walls to the arch top, from bottom to top. During the pouring process, the concrete is vibrated and compacted.

[0053] S7: Demolding and curing: Demolding shall begin 24 hours after concrete pouring is completed, and the concrete curing time after demolding shall not be less than 7 days.

[0054] S8: Move the trolley forward and repeat steps S3 to S7 until the secondary lining of this section of the tunnel is completed.

[0055] Preferred, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, step S2 includes a template structure for the tunnel corbel. This template structure includes a corbel belly mold 1, multiple corbel top molds 2, an adjusting module 3, a top mold sleeve 4, and a chain guide system 5. The corbel belly mold 1 includes multiple arc-shaped lifting lugs 11, multiple belly mold components 12, and a through beam 13. The multiple arc-shaped lifting lugs 11, multiple belly mold components 12, and multiple corbel top molds 2 correspond one-to-one. The belly mold components 12 and the corbel top molds 2 form the corbel template structure. These multiple corbel template structures extend along the tunnel... Distributed along the length direction, the lower part of the arc-shaped lifting lug 11 is welded to the web template 12. The through beam 13 is connected to the multiple web templates 12 as a whole. The side of the through beam 13 away from the web template 12 is connected to the side of the trolley frame 8 through the web template screw 7. One end of the multiple corbel top molds 2 is bolted with an adjusting module 3, and the other end is connected to the side of the trolley frame 8 through multiple top mold screws 6. A wall-top junction template 9 is also provided between the adjusting module 3 and the arch. The top edge of the wall-top junction template 9 is sloping, and the bottom edge is horizontal. It is connected to the adjustment module 3. The guide chain system 5 is installed on the top side of the trolley frame 8. The guide chain system 5 is hinged to the arc-shaped lifting lug 11 in one of the corbel template structures. One end of the top mold sleeve 4 is hinged to the corbel top mold 2 in the corresponding corbel template structure, and the other end is connected to the guide chain system 5. Specifically, the lower parts of the multiple web template components 12 and the upper parts of the wall-top junction template 9 form an oblique line parallel to the tunnel ground slope line. The upper parts of the multiple web template components 12 and the lower parts of the multiple corbel top molds 2 form a horizontal line. Preferably, there are two sets of the top mold sleeve 4 and the guide chain system 5. The two sets of the top mold sleeve 4 and the guide chain system 5 are spaced apart along the length of the tunnel and symmetrically arranged about the middle corbel template structure. This arrangement facilitates force application and ensures that the corbel template structure can be separated from the concrete at the same time, making demolding smoother and simplifying the cost of structural optimization.

[0056] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 As shown, the top mold 2 of the cow leg includes a top mold plate 21, a top mold upper hinge 22 and a top mold side hinge 23. One end of the top mold plate 21 is fitted with an adjustment module 3 by bolts, and the other end is welded with a top mold side hinge 23. One end of the top mold upper hinge 22 is welded to the top of the top mold plate 21, and the other end is hinged to the top mold sleeve 4 by a pin. The end of the top mold side hinge 23 away from the top mold plate 21 is hinged to the belly mold screw 7 by a pin.

[0057] like Figure 3 , Figure 7As shown, the top mold sleeve 4 includes an inner sleeve 41, an outer sleeve 42, a triangular bracket 43, and a top mold cylinder 44. One end of the inner sleeve 41 is hinged to the upper hinge lug 22 of the top mold, and the other end is slidably sleeved to the outer sleeve 42. The triangular bracket 43 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the outer sleeve 42 and connected to the guide chain system 5. The two ends of the top mold cylinder 44 are hinged to the inner sleeve 41 and the outer sleeve 42 respectively through the hinge lug and the pin. The inner sleeve 41 and the outer sleeve 42 slide freely under the drive of the top mold cylinder 44. Preferably, the inner sleeve 41 and the outer sleeve 42 are both square steel tubes, and the gap on each side of the sleeve joint between the inner sleeve 41 and the outer sleeve 42 is 2mm to facilitate the sliding of the two.

[0058] like Figure 3 , Figure 8 As shown, the chain guide system 5 includes a wire rope 51, an upper chain hinge 52, a chain longitudinal beam 53, a lower chain hinge 54, a chain connecting plate 55, and an electric hoist 56. The electric hoist 56 is installed on the top side of the trolley frame 8 and is hinged to the upper chain hinge 52 via the wire rope 51. The upper chain hinge 52, the chain longitudinal beam 53, the lower chain hinge 54, and the chain connecting plate 55 are welded together as a whole. The chain connecting plate 55 is bolted to the triangular bracket 43, and the lower chain hinge 54 is hinged to the arc-shaped lifting lug 11.

[0059] Preferred, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, step S5 includes referring to the drawings, using a total station and steel tape measure to perform positioning measurements, so that the secondary lining trolley is initially positioned according to the design position, adjusting the elevation of the corbel top formwork 2 through the guide chain system 5, adjusting the adjustment module 3 to match the elevation of the corresponding corbel template structure, and using vertical wedge blocks to limit and fix the adjustment module 3. Finally, the centerline, elevation, and geometric dimensions of the secondary lining trolley are checked to ensure accurate positioning.

[0060] Preferred, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 10 As shown, the demolding process in step S7 includes removing the top mold screw 6 and the belly mold screw 7, lowering and loosening the steel wire rope 51, retracting the top mold cylinder 44, driving the inner sleeve 41 to retract within the outer sleeve 42, so that the corbel top mold 2 and the adjusting module 3 are separated from the corbel concrete surface, and then removing the other side wall formwork screws. The guide chain system 5 is used to suspend the corbel belly mold 1, corbel top mold 2 and side wall formwork as a whole.

[0061] In this embodiment, the present invention can be used for the construction of special tunnels with longitudinal slopes and corbels, and can realize the one-time integral casting of corbels and secondary tunnel lining, thereby improving the structural performance of corbels. Combined with the template structure including corbel belly mold 1, multiple corbel top molds 2, adjustment module 3, top mold sleeve 4 and guide chain system 5, it is possible to conveniently and quickly demold the corbel belly mold 1 and corbel top mold 2 and adjust the elevation of the corbel template structure. In addition, by adopting the method of "adjusting the mold first and then positioning", the adjustment module 3 is adjusted and installed in place first, and then precise positioning is performed. The working space at the top of the corbel is relatively large, which is beneficial to construction.

[0062] Preferred, such as Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 9 As shown, the adjustment module 3 includes a large adjustment module 31 and a small adjustment module 32. The large adjustment module 31 is arranged in m layers vertically, and the small adjustment module 32 is arranged in 1 layer or none. The large adjustment modules 31 are connected to each other or to the small adjustment modules 32 by bolts. The height of the small adjustment module 32 is △h0, and the height of the large adjustment module 31 is 2△h0, where △h0 = L0 × i%, where L0 is the standard length of the one-mold secondary lining concrete, and i% is the longitudinal slope of the tunnel. The length of the large adjustment module 31 and the small adjustment module 32 along the tunnel length direction is 1.5m to 2m. Based on the standard length L0 of the one-mold secondary lining concrete, the large adjustment module 31 and the small adjustment module 32 need to be arranged in L0 / 2 to L0 / 1.5 rows along the tunnel length direction.

[0063] In this embodiment, by setting up the large adjustment mold 31 and the small adjustment mold 32, the top edge of the tunnel sidewall template can be made parallel to the tunnel axis and the top surface of the corbel can be kept horizontal, thereby improving the appearance quality of the tunnel secondary lining and reducing the number of adjustment templates. Specifically, the heights of the large adjustment mold 31 and the small adjustment mold 32 are both modularly designed. The height of the small adjustment mold 32 is the height that needs to be adjusted for each advance of the tunnel construction. The height of the large adjustment mold 31 is twice the height of the small adjustment mold 32. By repeatedly installing and removing the large adjustment mold 31 and the small adjustment mold 32, the total height of the adjustment module 3 can be adjusted.

[0064] The specific adjustment method of adjustment module 3 is as follows: Let the total length of this section of the tunnel be L, and the longitudinal slope of the tunnel be i%. Then the maximum total adjustment height of adjustment module 3 is △H, where △H = L × i%. It is planned to be divided into n modules for pouring. When n is even, the number of layers of the large adjustment module 31 is m = n / 2. When n is odd, the number of layers of the large adjustment module 31 is m = (n-1) / 2.

[0065] When the tunnel construction is progressing uphill, there is no need to install the adjustment module 3 during the first formwork pouring. During the second formwork pouring, one layer of small adjustment module 32 is installed. During the third formwork pouring, one layer of small adjustment module 32 is removed and one layer of large adjustment module 31 is installed. This process is repeated alternately. Each time the tunnel is advanced, the total height of the adjustment module 3 increases by △h0, which is the height of the small adjustment module 32.

[0066] When tunnel construction is proceeding downhill:

[0067] If n is even, then during the first mold pouring, m layers of large adjustment molds 31 are installed; during the second mold pouring, one layer of large adjustment molds 31 is removed and one layer of small adjustment molds 32 is installed; during the third mold pouring, one layer of small adjustment molds 32 is removed, and so on, alternating. Each time a mold is advanced, the total height of the adjustment module group 3 decreases by Δh0.

[0068] If n is odd, then during the first mold pouring, install m layers of large adjustment molds 31 and 1 layer of small adjustment molds 32. During the second mold pouring, remove 1 layer of small adjustment molds 32. During the third mold pouring, remove 1 layer of large adjustment molds 31 and install 1 layer of small adjustment molds 32. This process is repeated alternately. Each time a mold is advanced, the total height of the adjustment module 3 decreases by Δh0.

[0069] Preferred, such as Figure 1 As shown, step S3 includes laying geotextile in a continuous, seamless manner, installing drainage blind pipes according to the distribution of fissure water, and then laying waterproof membrane in a continuous, seamless manner. Step S4 includes processing steel bars into semi-finished products in the steel bar processing yard, then installing them one by one in the hole, and setting arch wall external rubber waterstop and full ring embedded steel plate putty waterstop at each construction joint.

[0070] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0071] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A tunnel construction method with longitudinal slope and corbels, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Complete the initial lining construction and construct part of the secondary lining wall, forming the formwork structure overlap area, and enter the construction preparation for the secondary lining wall and arch. S2: Assembly and Debugging of Secondary Lining Trolley: Assemble the secondary lining trolley in the section where the invert arch and invert arch filling have been constructed in the tunnel, and conduct debugging and inspection to ensure that all functions of the secondary lining trolley are normal and the overall installation quality meets the requirements, including the template structure of the tunnel corbel. The template structure includes corbel belly mold (1), multiple corbel top molds (2), adjustment module (3), top mold sleeve (4), and guide chain system (5). The corbel belly mold (1) includes multiple arc-shaped lifting lugs (11), multiple belly mold pieces (12), and through beam (13). The multiple arc-shaped lifting lugs (11), multiple belly mold pieces (12), and multiple corbel top molds (2) correspond one-to-one. The belly mold pieces (12) and the corbel top molds (2) form the corbel template structure. Multiple corbel template structures are distributed along the length of the tunnel. The lower part of the arc-shaped lifting lug (11) is welded to the web template (12). The through beam (13) is connected to multiple web templates (12) as a whole. The side of the through beam (13) away from the web template (12) is connected to the side of the trolley frame (8) through the web template screw (7). One end of multiple bracket top molds (2) is equipped with an adjustment module (3) by bolts, and the other end is connected to the side of the trolley frame (8) through multiple top mold screws (6). The guide chain system (5) is installed on the top of the side of the trolley frame (8). The guide chain system (5) is hinged to the arc-shaped lifting lug (11) in one of the bracket template structures. One end of the top mold sleeve (4) is hinged to the bracket top mold (2) in the corresponding bracket template structure, and the other end is connected to the guide chain system (5). S3: Construction of drainage and waterproofing system; S4: Installation of reinforcing bars and waterstops; S5: Positioning of the secondary lining trolley and installation of the formwork structure; S6: Secondary Lining Concrete Pouring: Concrete is poured through the reserved pouring window of the secondary lining trolley. The concrete pouring speed is controlled at about 1.5m / h. The concrete is poured in layers, symmetrically and continuously from the two side arch walls to the arch top, from bottom to top. During the pouring process, the concrete is vibrated and compacted. S7: Demolding and curing: Demolding shall begin 24 hours after concrete pouring is completed, and the concrete curing time after demolding shall not be less than 7 days. S8: Move the trolley forward and repeat steps S3 to S7 until the secondary lining of this section of the tunnel is completed.

2. The tunnel construction method with longitudinal slope and corbels according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S5 includes referring to the drawings, using a total station and steel tape measure to perform positioning measurements, so that the secondary lining trolley is initially positioned according to the design position, adjusting the elevation of the corbel top formwork (2) through the guide chain system (5), adjusting the adjustment module (3) to match the total height of the adjustment module (3) with the elevation of the corresponding corbel template structure, and using vertical wedge blocks to limit and fix the adjustment module (3), and then checking the center line, elevation and geometric dimensions of the secondary lining trolley to ensure accurate positioning.

3. The tunnel construction method with longitudinal slope and corbels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjustment module (3) includes a large adjustment module (31) and a small adjustment module (32). The large adjustment module (31) is set with m layers along the vertical direction, and the small adjustment module (32) is set with 1 layer or no layer along the vertical direction. The large adjustment modules (31) are connected to each other or to the small adjustment modules (32) by bolts. The height of the small adjustment module (32) is △h0, and the height of the large adjustment module (31) is 2△h0, where △h0 = L0 × i%, where L0 is the standard length of the second lining concrete and i% is the longitudinal slope of the tunnel.

4. A tunnel construction method with longitudinal slope and corbels according to claim 3, characterized in that, The adjustment method of the adjustment module (3) includes: When the tunnel construction is progressing uphill, there is no need to install the adjustment module (3) during the first formwork pouring. During the second formwork pouring, one layer of small adjustment module (32) is installed. During the third formwork pouring, one layer of small adjustment module (32) is removed and one layer of large adjustment module (31) is installed. This process is repeated alternately. For each formwork advance, the total height of the adjustment module (3) increases by △h0. When the tunnel construction is proceeding downhill, during the first formwork pouring, m layers of large adjustment molds (31) or m layers of large adjustment molds (31) and 1 layer of small adjustment molds (32) are installed. During the second formwork pouring, 1 layer of large adjustment molds (31) is removed, and 1 layer of small adjustment molds (32) is installed or removed. During the third formwork pouring, 1 layer of small adjustment molds (32) is removed or 1 layer of large adjustment molds (31) is removed, and 1 layer of small adjustment molds (32) is installed. This process is repeated alternately. For each formwork advance, the total height of the adjustment module group (3) is reduced by Δh0.

5. A tunnel construction method with longitudinal slope and corbels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top mold sleeve (4) includes an inner sleeve (41), an outer sleeve (42), a triangular bracket (43), and a top mold cylinder (44). One end of the inner sleeve (41) is hinged to the upper hinge lug (22) of the top mold, and the other end is slidably sleeved to the outer sleeve (42). The triangular bracket (43) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the outer sleeve (42) and connected to the guide chain system (5). The two ends of the top mold cylinder (44) are hinged to the inner sleeve (41) and the outer sleeve (42) respectively through the hinge lug and the pin. The inner sleeve (41) and the outer sleeve (42) slide freely under the drive of the top mold cylinder (44).

6. A tunnel construction method with longitudinal slope and corbels according to claim 5, characterized in that, The guide chain system (5) includes a wire rope (51), an upper guide chain hinge (52), a guide chain longitudinal beam (53), a lower guide chain hinge (54), a guide chain connecting plate (55), and an electric hoist (56). The electric hoist (56) is installed on the top of the side of the trolley frame (8) and is hinged to the upper guide chain hinge (52) by the wire rope (51). The upper guide chain hinge (52), the guide chain longitudinal beam (53), the lower guide chain hinge (54), and the guide chain connecting plate (55) are welded together as a whole. The guide chain connecting plate (55) is bolted to the triangular bracket (43), and the lower guide chain hinge (54) is hinged to the arc-shaped lifting lug (11).

7. A tunnel construction method with longitudinal slope and corbels according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S7, the demolding process includes removing the top mold screw (6) and the belly mold screw (7), lowering and loosening the wire rope (51), and the top mold cylinder (44) retracting, which drives the inner sleeve (41) to retract inside the outer sleeve (42), so that the corbel top mold (2) and the adjusting module (3) are removed from the corbel concrete surface. Then, the other side wall formwork screws are removed, and the corbel belly mold (1), corbel top mold (2) and side wall formwork are suspended as a whole using the guide chain system (5).

8. A tunnel construction method with longitudinal slope and corbels according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 includes laying geotextile in a continuous, seamless manner, installing drainage blind pipes according to the distribution of fissure water, and then laying waterproofing membrane in a continuous, seamless manner.

9. A tunnel construction method with longitudinal slope and corbels according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4 includes processing the reinforcing bars into semi-finished products in the reinforcing bar processing yard, and then installing them one by one in the hole. At each construction joint, an external rubber waterstop and a full-ring embedded steel plate putty waterstop are installed on the arch wall.

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