A light substrate for seedling culture of cotinus coggygria with red and bright leaf color, and a preparation method and a fertilization method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a light substrate for seedling raising of Cotinus coggygria with red and bright leaf color, and a preparation method and a fertilization method thereof, and comprises the following steps: preparing the light substrate by using the following raw materials: yellow heart soil, citrus peel residue organic fertilizer, vermiculite, perlite and high-nitrogen compound fertilizer; the citrus peel residue organic fertilizer is used in the preparation of the substrate, the PH is controlled to be 7.0-8.2, and calcium superphosphate is added; the content of various pigments of Cotinus coggygria is controlled, and the color quality is improved through the three factors; and different fertilization schemes are formulated for each period in the later period of fertilization. The application has the characteristics of being specific, simple and easy to operate, the light substrate seedlings are prepared, the light substrate seedlings are fertilized and managed in the later period, and finally the effect of improving the leaf color quality of Cotinus coggygria is realized, the ornamental period is prolonged, the leaf color is bright and beautiful at the ornamental period, and the ornamental value of Cotinus coggygria is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of Cotinus coggygria color regulation, and particularly relates to a light substrate for Cotinus coggygria seedling culture, and a preparation method and a fertilization method thereof. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

[0002] The color of plant leaves is the result of the joint action of genetic inheritance and external environment, and the gene determines the color of the leaves while the environment affects the color of the leaves. The types, content, proportion and distribution of pigments in leaf cells all affect the color of the leaves. The pigments in the leaves of higher plants are mainly divided into three categories: chlorophyll (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b), carotenoids (carotenoids and xanthophylls, etc.), and flavonoid pigments (flavonoids and anthocyanins, etc.). External environmental factors also affect the change of the color of the leaves, such as topography, light, temperature, water and soil conditions, etc. At present, many experts and scholars have studied the regulation of plant leaf color.

[0003] Cotinus coggygria is a deciduous shrub or small tree plant of Cotinus in Anacardiaceae, with a round crown, a height of 3-5 m, and a peculiar odor of tree sap. Cotinus coggygria likes light and is also tolerant to shade, drought, barrenness and alkaline soil, grows fast, has developed root system, and has strong sprouting ability. Cotinus coggygria is an important ornamental tree species in China, and famous red-leaf ornamental areas include the Fragrant Hills in Beijing, Wushan in Chongqing, and Red Leaf Valley in Jinan. Cotinus coggygria has high ornamental value, with beautiful tree shape, and bright and beautiful leaves in autumn. Cotinus coggygria is the first choice for building limestone soil and water conservation forest and ecological landscape forest, and leaves pink feather-like flower stalks after flowering. Cotinus coggygria has strong adaptability and can grow in a poor soil environment, and can also improve soil quality.

[0004] The present inventors found that the color of Cotinus coggygria in the ornamental period is unstable, and the color of Cotinus coggygria in the same region in different years is inconsistent; the color of Cotinus coggygria in different regions of Wushan in the same period is also inconsistent. According to the literature, the former may be due to different climates in different years, and the latter is due to different terrains and soils. In the case of being unable to change the climate, the most suitable soil for Cotinus coggygria can be created by changing the physical and chemical properties of the soil, so as to improve the leaf color of Cotinus coggygria. There are many factors affecting the color of Cotinus coggygria in the soil, including PH, soil desertification degree, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, etc. Studies have shown that Cotinus coggygria often grows in karst rocky desertification areas and can grow well on karst carbonate rocks (Li Heng: Response of plant community functional traits to karst mountain tourism and its maintenance mechanism). The soil pH is closely related to the change of plant leaf color. Studies have shown that the soil pH affects the synthesis and degradation of chlorophyll and anthocyanins (Hong Li et al: Research progress of leaf color change and related influencing factors of colored-leaf plants). The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the soil also affects the color of the leaves, such as in the middle and late stages of plant growth, soil phosphorus deficiency will make the lower leaves of the plant turn purple, however, moderate lack of nitrogen and phosphorus elements is beneficial to the synthesis of anthocyanins in the plant body (Guo Yan-yin et al: Research progress of mineral nutrition and plant disease mechanism. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2003, 38(4): 9.). Potassium can indirectly regulate the synthesis of anthocyanins in the plant body by affecting the synthesis and transportation of sugar, and appropriate increase of potassium fertilizer is beneficial to the color of colored-leaf plants (Su Didi: Effects of different K+ and pH levels on the leaf color and physiology of Photinia fraseri. Nanjing Forestry University, 2011.).

[0005] As an ornamental tree species, Cotinus coggygria has a high demand, but it has the problems of poor ornamental and ornamental effect. The external factors affecting the color of Cotinus coggygria include light, terrain, and temperature, which are difficult to control, but the color of Cotinus coggygria can be regulated by changing the pH of the soil, mineral elements (Ga), and nutrient angles. Based on this theory, the present application uses light substrate to replace soil for the seedling of Cotinus coggygria. The light substrate has good water and fertilizer retention efficiency, and can adjust and improve the nutrient conditions required for the growth of microorganisms and plant roots in the soil, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the growth of crop roots and the environmental conditions. The color of the leaves is controlled by controlling the preparation of the light substrate and the later management. Through the research of different pH substrates, the best pH for the color of Cotinus coggygria is determined to improve the leaf color of succulent plants. Sun Bo improves the leaf color quality of purple Cotinus coggygria by soil acidification. The common nutrient management method on the market is to spray fertilizer on leaves or to apply fertilizer later, which has the problems of poor effect, water and fertilizer loss, and the need to consume a large amount of labor. For example, CN202211114035: A Cotinus coggygria leaf color regulator and its use method uses unmanned aerial vehicles to spray the regulator, which has the advantages of fast effect, but the effective duration of the leaf color is short, and repeated spraying is required, which cannot solve the essential problem of leaf color regulation. In the research of Wu Jiaojiao et al. on the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer on the color of Cotinus coggygria, it is proved that the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can effectively improve the leaf color quality, but the soil has poor water and fertilizer retention efficiency, needs a large amount of fertilizer, and has the problems of inconvenient transportation, consumption of a large amount of labor, etc. (Wu Jiaojiao. Response of Cotinus coggygria growth and leaf color to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization). There is no research on the direct correlation between PH and the improvement of Cotinus coggygria color and the best PH for improving the color quality. The inventor has investigated and consulted relevant information and found that most of Cotinus coggygria grows in the soil of karst desertification, but there is no research to prove the relationship between karst area and the growth of Cotinus coggygria.

[0006] The present application considers the wide application of light substrate seedling in multiple tree species. Light substrate is a new type of cultivation substrate, which has the advantages of maintaining soil physical and chemical properties and having certain water and fertilizer retention capacity. Therefore, the present application controls the PH, calcium content, and nutrient composition of the light substrate to regulate the soil physical and chemical properties, so as to regulate the content and proportion of pigments and affect the leaf color. SUMMARY

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a light substrate seedling substrate for increasing the redness and brightness of Cotinus coggygria leaf color, a preparation method and a fertilization method, which solves the problems of unstable color and poor color effect of Cotinus coggygria in the southwest region of the prior art, and has the characteristics of simplicity, saving of manpower and material resources, small pollution, water and fertilizer retention, long fertilizer effect, etc.

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is solved by the following technical scheme:

[0009] A light matrix seedling substrate for increasing the redness and brightness of Cotinus coggygria leaf color, comprising the following components by weight: yellow heart soil 2-4, composted citrus peel residue organic fertilizer 2-4, vermiculite 1-3, perlite 1-3; superphosphoric acid calcium 0.8-2, high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 0.1-0.5; the pH of the light matrix seedling substrate is adjusted to 7.0-8.2; by adding superphosphoric acid calcium, the calcium content of the soil is maintained at 1%-2%.

[0010] The high-nitrogen compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials by weight: urea 4-6; superphosphoric acid calcium 1-3; potassium sulfate 0.5-1.5.

[0011] Preferably, the light matrix seedling substrate for increasing the redness and brightness of Cotinus coggygria leaf color comprises the following components by weight: yellow heart soil 3, composted citrus peel residue organic fertilizer 3, vermiculite 2, perlite 2; superphosphoric acid calcium 0.8, high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 0.3.

[0012] Preferably, the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials by weight: urea 5; superphosphoric acid calcium 2; potassium sulfate 1.

[0013] Preferably, the effective nitrogen content of the urea is 46%, the P2O5 content of the superphosphoric acid calcium is 12%, and the K2O content of the potassium sulfate is 50%.

[0014] Preferably, the pH of the light matrix seedling substrate is adjusted to 7.0-8.2 by measuring the pH of the light matrix with a soil pH tester, and the pH is adjusted by lime if the acidity is too high or by aluminum sulfate if the alkalinity is too high.

[0015] The application also provides a preparation method of the light matrix seedling substrate for increasing the redness and brightness of Cotinus coggygria leaf color.

[0016] The light matrix raw materials are yellow heart soil, composted citrus peel residue organic fertilizer, vermiculite, and perlite, which are mixed in the proportions by weight; the calcium content of the substrate soil is adjusted to about 1-2% by adding superphosphoric acid calcium; the pH is adjusted to between 7.0 and 8.2; high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is added and mixed evenly to obtain the light matrix seedling substrate; or, high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is further added according to the required nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio for Cotinus coggygria growth.

[0017] Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: disinfecting the light matrix by irrigating 200ml of 0.05% potassium permanganate into the light matrix; and placing the light matrix in a non-woven fabric bag with a diameter of 20cm and a height of 20cm 3-5 days after disinfection.

[0018] Preferably, the organic matter content of the citrus peel residue organic fertilizer is >60%, and the total nutrient content is >5%.

[0019] The application also provides a fertilization method of the light matrix seedling substrate for increasing the redness and brightness of Cotinus coggygria leaf color.

[0020] Seed: select excellent tree species, full and active seed germination treatment; the seed in the inclined disc is uniformly germinated, and the seedlings with the same growth and height of about 4 cm are transferred to the light substrate pot cultivation, 2-3 seedlings per pot; the early stage does not need fertilization treatment, and the water is managed daily;

[0021] In late March, the seedlings are thinned, and the fertilization is performed according to the principle of "frequent and thin application", the early stage mainly supplements nitrogen fertilizer, and the four or five true leaves grow in the seedling stage; low-concentration urea is used for foliar spraying;

[0022] In early April, low-concentration urea foliar fertilizer is sprayed every week; phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is added in mid-April, the concentration should not be too high, and dihydrogen potassium phosphate is used; the pH value is always controlled between 7.0-8.2; 0.03-0.05 g of superphosphate per plant is applied to keep the calcium content of superphosphate about 12%;

[0023] In July, the management of topdressing is performed, the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is used for scattering and application, the weight ratio of urea (effective nitrogen 46%), superphosphate (P2O5 12%) and potassium sulfate (K2O 50%) is N:P:K=(2-4):(1-3):(2-4), the total amount of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 0.2-0.4 kg per plant, a small amount of topdressing is performed for many times, the average topdressing is performed every 5 days, and the fertilization is performed to late August.

[0024] Preferably, the fertilization method of the light substrate seedling raising substrate for increasing the redness and brightness of Cotinus coggygria leaves comprises the following steps:

[0025] Seed: select excellent tree species, full and active seed germination treatment; the seed in the inclined disc is uniformly germinated, and the seedlings with the same growth and height of about 4 cm are transferred to the light substrate pot cultivation, 2-3 seedlings per pot; the early stage does not need fertilization treatment, and the water is managed daily;

[0026] In late March, the seedlings are thinned, and the fertilization is performed according to the principle of "frequent and thin application", the early stage mainly supplements nitrogen fertilizer, and the four or five true leaves grow in the seedling stage; 0.5-1.5%, preferably 1%, of urea is used for foliar spraying;

[0027] In early April, low-concentration 0.5-1.5%, preferably 1%, of urea foliar fertilizer is sprayed every week; 0.2-0.3-0.4%, preferably 0.3%, of dihydrogen potassium phosphate is added in mid-April; the pH value is always controlled between 7.0-8.2; superphosphate is applied to keep the calcium content of superphosphate 12%.

[0028] In July, topdressing management is carried out, topdressing is scattered, high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is urea (effective nitrogen 46%); superphosphoric acid calcium (P2O5 12%); potassium sulfate (K2O 50%), and the proportion of the use amount is N:P:K=3:2:3; the total amount of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer topdressing is 0.3 kg / plant; a small amount of topdressing is carried out for many times, and topdressing is carried out once every 5 days on average, and the fertilization is carried out to the end of August.

[0029] The application has the following beneficial effects through the technical scheme:

[0030] 1. The application uses whether to add citrus peel residue organic fertilizer, adjusts PH and calcium content to control the color of cotinus coggygria, the content and proportion of chlorophyll and anthocyanin in leaves, so as to achieve the effect of improving color, quality and efficiency, and makes the leaves of cotinus coggygria bright and clear in the color changing period, and improves the ornamental value.

[0031] 2. The application uses light substrate seedling raising and later topdressing treatment, uses the advantages of water and fertilizer preservation of light substrate, provides a good and stable nutrient environment for cotinus coggygria, prolongs the color changing period of cotinus coggygria through nutrient regulation, saves water and fertilizer, and reduces environmental pollution.

[0032] 3. The application uses light substrate seedling raising, the raw materials are local soil, and the citrus peel residue organic fertilizer is an organic fertilizer independently researched and developed by the inventor from agricultural waste, which is low in cost, light in weight, convenient to carry, convenient to transport and transplant in the later period, saves manpower and material resources, and improves the survival rate of transplanting. The production method is easy to learn, easy to understand and convenient to operate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Embodiment 1

[0034] A light substrate for cotinus coggygria leaf color enhancement, a preparation method and a fertilization method thereof, specifically include the following steps.

[0035] First part: preparation of light substrate

[0036] The light substrate raw materials are selected from yellow heart soil, composted citrus peel residue organic fertilizer (organic matter content > 60%, total nutrient content > 5%, which meets the requirements of NY525-2012 organic fertilizer), vermiculite and perlite, which are mixed in a proportion of 3 (kg): 3 (kg): 2 (kg): 2 (kg) by weight; 0.8 kg of superphosphoric acid calcium is added to adjust the calcium content to about 1%-2%; the PH is adjusted to 7.0-8.2; and 0.3 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is added and mixed uniformly. 200 ml of 0.05% potassium permanganate is poured into the light substrate for disinfection, and after 3-5 days, it is packed in a non-woven bag with a size of 20 cm*20 cm (diameter*height), and the light substrate is obtained.

[0037] After adding the yellow heart soil, citrus dregs organic fertilizer, vermiculite, and perlite, 0.3 kg of fertilizer is added according to the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium required for Cotinus coggygria growth. The high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing urea (effective nitrogen 46%); superphosphate (P2O5 12%); and potassium sulfate (K2O 50%) in a weight ratio of 5:2:1, with N:P:K being 5:2:1.

[0038] Second part of fertilization management

[0039] The seeds are selected from excellent tree species, and the seeds are treated for germination. The shelled seeds are uniformly treated for germination in an inclined disc, and the seedlings with the same growth potential and a height of 4 cm are transferred to the light substrate for cultivation, with 2-3 seedlings per pot. No fertilization treatment is required in the early stage, and the water is managed daily.

[0040] The seedlings are thinned in late March, and fertilization is performed according to the principle of "frequent and thin application". In the early stage, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly supplemented, and when four or five true leaves grow in the seedling stage, 1% urea is sprayed on the leaves;

[0041] In early April, 1% low-concentration urea foliar fertilizer is sprayed every week, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added in mid-April. The concentration should not be too high, and 0.3% dihydrogen potassium phosphate is used. The pH value is always controlled between 7.0 and 8.2. The pH of the light substrate is measured by a soil acidity and alkalinity tester. If the acidity is too high, lime can be applied, and if the alkalinity is too high, aluminum sulfate can be applied to adjust the pH. 0.04 kg of superphosphate is added per plant, so that the calcium content of the superphosphate is about 12%.

[0042] In July, the seedlings are fertilized, and the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing urea (effective nitrogen 46%); superphosphate (P2O5 12%); and potassium sulfate (K2O 50%) in a weight ratio of 3:2:3, with N:P:K being 3:2:3. The amount of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer added is 0.3 kg per plant. A small amount of fertilizer is applied several times, with an average of once every 5 days. Fertilization is performed until late August.

[0043] The light substrate seedling method of this embodiment can improve the color of Cotinus coggygria. The optimal pH for improving the color quality is obtained through the direct correlation with the pH. The pH, calcium content, and nutrient composition of the light substrate are controlled to regulate the soil physicochemical properties, so as to regulate the content and proportion of pigments in the Cotinus coggygria leaves to affect the leaf color.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] Experimental design for affecting the leaf color by the content and proportion of pigments in the Cotinus coggygria leaves:

[0046] The experiment adopts light substrate cultivation method, and explores the conditions for improving the ornamental value of Cotinus coggygria by light substrate preparation. The orthogonal design of three factors and three levels is adopted for the raw materials, PH and calcium content of light substrate (shown in Table 2), wherein the weight (kg) of the raw materials for preparing light substrate is as follows: yellow heart soil: peat: vermiculite: perlite = 4:2:2:2; yellow heart soil: citrus peel residue organic fertilizer: vermiculite: perlite = 3:3:2:2. The PH is 5.8-7.0, 7.0 and 7.0-8.2 respectively. The superphosphate is 0 g / plant, 3 g / plant and 6 g / plant respectively. There are 18 treatments, each treatment is repeated 3 times, each treatment is repeated 5 plants, and a total of 270 plants. The specific preparation is shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1: Three factor level table

[0048]

[0049] Table 2 orthogonal experiment table

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Note: A represents the light substrate raw material treatment, B represents the PH treatment, and C represents the superphosphate treatment. The determination items and methods.

[0053] 1. Leaf pigment content determination

[0054] (1) Determination of chlorophyll and carotenoid content

[0055] Fresh leaves 0.02 g (5-7 punches) are taken with a puncher, each treatment is repeated 3 times, and are placed in a 25 ml capacity bottle. 10 ml of acetone: ethanol = 2:1 mixed solution is used for extraction, the capacity bottle is sealed, fully shaken to make the leaves completely immersed in the extraction solution, and then placed in a dark place for 24 h to soak until the leaves are colorless. The obtained pigment extract is compared with colorimetric standard at wavelengths of 663 nm, 645 nm and 470 nm by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid are calculated according to the following formula:

[0056] Chlorophyll a (Chla) concentration (mg / L) = 12.7D663-2.69D645;

[0057] Chlorophyll b (Chlb) concentration (mg / L) = 22.9D645-4.68D663;

[0058] Total chlorophyll (Chls) concentration (mg / L) = 20.2D645+8.02D663;

[0059] Carotenoid (Car) concentration (mg / L) = 8.73D470 + 2.11D663 - 9.06D645.

[0060] The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid were calculated according to the following formula:

[0061] Pigment content (mg·g -1 ) = (concentration of pigment x volume of extractant) / fresh weight of sample

[0062] (2) Determination of anthocyanin (Ant) content

[0063] Fresh leaves 0.03 g (puncher 6-9 leaves) were taken, each treatment was repeated 3 times, and placed in a 25 ml volumetric flask, and extracted with 10 ml of 1% hydrochloric acid methanol solution. The volumetric flask was sealed, shaken well to make the leaves completely immersed in the extractant, and then placed in the dark for 24 h to make the leaves colorless. The anthocyanin extract was compared by ultraviolet spectrophotometer at wavelengths of 600 nm and 530 nm. The change value OD 530 nm-OD 600 nm of the extractant per gram of fresh leaves was taken as an anthocyanin unit, denoted as U.

[0064] Data and result analysis:

[0065] (1) Effect of combined application of three factors at different levels on chlorophyll content in Cotinus coggygria leaves

[0066] Table 3: Effect of combined application of three factors at different levels on chlorophyll content in Cotinus coggygria leaves

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] The changes of chlorophyll a (Chla), chlorophyll b (Chlb), total chlorophyll content (Chls) and chlorophyll a / b (Chla / b) in leaves of each treatment with time are shown in Table 3. The total Chla content in each treatment ranged from 0.02±0.00 mg / g to 2.85±0.22 mg / g, which gradually increased during the growth period, reached the highest value at the vigorous growth period, and gradually decreased during the discoloration period. At the early growth stage, T1, T2 and T4 were significantly higher than other treatments; at the vigorous growth stage, T1, T2, T4 and T7 were significantly higher than other treatments, with an increase of 46.63%, 40.80%, 48.89% and 50.08%, respectively; at the initial discoloration stage, T10-18 had no significant difference with T1-9; at the middle discoloration stage, T1 was significantly higher than other treatments; at the end of discoloration, the Chla content of each treatment was lower than that at other stages, and only T1 was the highest.

[0070] The trend of Chlb content of each treatment was consistent with Chlb, and the total content ranged from 0.02±0.01 mg / g to 1.47±0.03 mg / g, with the highest value in the vigorous growth period and the lowest value in the end of discoloration. In the early growth period, vigorous growth period and early discoloration period, there was no significant difference between all treatments and the control; in the middle discoloration period, T1 was significantly higher than other treatments; in the end of discoloration period, the Chla content of each treatment was lower than that in other periods.

[0071] The Chla / b of each treatment in the growth period gradually decreased with time from the growth period to the vigorous growth period, but the Chla / b content of the leaves increased from the growth period to the discoloration period, and gradually decreased with time after entering the discoloration period. In the early growth period and vigorous growth period, T1 and T4 were significantly higher than the control, with an increase of 37.61% and 31.62%, respectively.

[0072] (2) Effects of three-factor and each level combination on carotenoid and anthocyanin content in Cotinus coggygria leaves

[0073] Table 4: Effects of three-factor and each level combination on carotenoid and anthocyanin content in Cotinus coggygria leaves

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] Effects of three-factor combination on carotenoid content:

[0077] The change of carotenoid content (Car) of each treatment with time is shown in Table 4. The total Car content of each treatment ranged from 0.45±0.07 mg / g to 5.32±0.19 mg / g, gradually increased in the growth period, reached the highest value in the vigorous growth period, and the lowest value in the early discoloration period, and then gradually increased after entering the discoloration period. In the early growth period, T18 was significantly higher than other treatments; in the vigorous growth period, T1, T12 and T4 were significantly higher than other treatments, with an increase of 60.32%, 77.55% and 95.77%, respectively; in the early discoloration period, there was no significant difference between all treatments (P>0.05); in the middle discoloration period, T1 and T4 were significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05).

[0078] Effects of three-factor combination on anthocyanin content:

[0079] The changes of anthocyanin content (Ant) in each treatment with time are shown in Table 4. The total Ant content in each treatment ranges from 1.81 ± 0.46 U to 157.20 ± 13.71 U, gradually increases during the growth period, but decreases during the vigorous growth period to the initial discoloration period, and gradually increases during the discoloration period, among which, the Ant increases greatly during the middle and end of discoloration period, and reaches the maximum at the end of discoloration period. At the initial growth period, T17 and T18 are significantly higher than the control (P < 0.05); at the vigorous growth period, T18 is significantly higher than the control (P < 0.05); at the initial discoloration period, T15 and T18 are significantly higher than the control (P < 0.05); at the middle discoloration period, T18 is significantly higher than the control (P < 0.05); at the end of discoloration period, T15, T17 and T8 are significantly higher than the control (P < 0.05), respectively increasing by 43.46%, 41.42% and 62.55%.

[0080] CONCLUSION

[0081] The color change of plant leaves at different periods is closely related to the dynamic changes of chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin contents. The research on the key factors of leaf coloration finds that the decrease of chlorophyll and carotenoid and the increase of anthocyanin content are the direct reasons for the discoloration of zelkova leaves. It is found in this study that the anthocyanin content in the treatment with citrus peel residue organic fertilizer is significantly higher than that in the treatment without organic fertilizer when the light substrate is configured. With the increase of PH, the chlorophyll content gradually decreases, the anthocyanin content gradually increases, the proportion of pigments in the leaves changes, and the leaves gradually turn red. It is also found in this study that the application of calcium superphosphate to cotinus can increase the accumulation of soluble sugar content and promote the synthesis of anthocyanin. It is found in this study that the Chls content in T16, T17 and T18 treatments is relatively high at each growth period. The Car content in T1 is significantly higher than that in other treatments at the initial growth period and the vigorous growth period. The Car content in T4 is significantly higher than that in other treatments at the middle discoloration period. The Ant content in T18 is significantly higher than that in other treatments at the initial growth period and the vigorous growth period. The Ant content in T18 is significantly higher than that in other treatments during the discoloration period (including the initial, middle and end of discoloration period). This fully shows that the addition of citrus peel residue organic fertilizer, 7.0 < PH < 8.2 and the application of calcium superphosphate (to increase the content of calcium in the light substrate) can significantly increase the ratio of anthocyanin to chlorophyll and carotenoid, thereby improving the leaf color quality and the ornamental value of cotinus.

[0082] Example 3

[0083] A light substrate seedling raising substrate for increasing the redness and brightness of Cotinus coggygria leaf color, containing the following components (kg): yellow heart soil 2 (kg), citrus peel residue organic fertilizer 2 (kg), vermiculite 1 (kg), perlite 1 (kg); superphosphoric acid calcium 1.5 (kg); high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 0.1; the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is urea (effective nitrogen 46%); superphosphoric acid calcium (P2O5 12%); potassium sulfate (K2O 50%) are mixed in a weight ratio of 4:1:1.5. The pH of the light substrate seedling raising substrate is adjusted to 7.0-8.2. 250 ml of 0.5% potassium permanganate is added as a disinfectant.

[0084] The preparation method of the light substrate seedling raising substrate for increasing the redness and brightness of Cotinus coggygria leaf color, comprising the following steps:

[0085] The light substrate raw materials are selected from the yellow heart soil, citrus peel residue organic fertilizer, vermiculite, and perlite, and a small amount of fertilizer is added according to the required proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for the growth of Cotinus coggygria; the treated yellow heart soil, citrus peel residue organic fertilizer, vermiculite, and perlite are proportioned; superphosphoric acid calcium is added to adjust the calcium content to 1%-2%; the pH is adjusted to 7.0-8.2; and high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is added and mixed uniformly. Disinfection is performed with a concentration of 0.5% to obtain the product.

[0086] The fertilization method of the light substrate seedling raising substrate for increasing the redness and brightness of Cotinus coggygria leaf color, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0087] Seeds: select excellent tree species, and perform germination treatment on seeds with full and active kernels; uniformly germinate the shelled seeds in an inclined disc, and transfer seedlings with the same growth and height to the light substrate pot for cultivation, 2-3 seedlings per pot; no fertilization treatment is required in the early stage, and water is managed daily;

[0088] In early April, low-concentration 1% urea foliar fertilizer is sprayed every week, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added from mid-April, with a concentration not too high, 0.2% dihydrogen potassium phosphate; the pH value is always controlled between 7.0-8.2, the light substrate pH is measured by a soil acidity and alkalinity tester, the acidity is adjusted by adding lime when it is too high, the alkalinity is adjusted by adding aluminum sulfate when it is too high, 0.03 kg of superphosphoric acid calcium is added to make the calcium content of superphosphoric acid calcium about 12%;

[0089] In July, perform topdressing management, and scatter topdressing, the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is urea (effective nitrogen 46%); superphosphoric acid calcium (P2O5 12%); potassium sulfate (K2O 50%) are configured in a weight ratio of N:P:K=2:1:4; the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is added in an amount of 0.2 kg per seedling; a small amount of topdressing is performed multiple times, with an average of once every 5 days, and the fertilization is performed until late August.

[0090] Example 4

[0091] A light substrate seedling raising substrate for increasing the redness and brightness of Cotinus coggygria leaf color, containing the following components (kg): yellow heart soil 4, citrus peel residue organic fertilizer 4, vermiculite 3, perlite 3; superphosphoric acid calcium 1, high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 0.1; high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 0.1; the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is urea (effective nitrogen 46%); superphosphoric acid calcium (P2O5 12%); potassium sulfate (K2O 50%) are mixed in a weight ratio of 6:3:0.5. The pH of the light substrate seedling raising substrate is adjusted to 7.0-8.2. 200ml of 0.5% potassium permanganate is added as a disinfectant.

[0092] The preparation method of the light substrate seedling raising substrate for increasing the redness and brightness of Cotinus coggygria leaf color comprises the following steps:

[0093] The light substrate raw materials of the present application are selected from the yellow heart soil, citrus peel residue organic fertilizer, vermiculite, and perlite, and a small amount of fertilizer is added according to the required proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for the growth of Cotinus coggygria; the treated yellow heart soil, citrus peel residue organic fertilizer, vermiculite and perlite are proportioned according to the proportion; the calcium content is adjusted to 1%-2%; the pH is adjusted to 7.0-8.2; and the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is mixed uniformly. Disinfection is performed with a concentration of 0.5% to obtain the product.

[0094] The fertilization method of the light substrate seedling raising substrate for increasing the redness and brightness of Cotinus coggygria leaf color is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0095] Seed: select excellent tree species, and perform germination treatment on seeds with full and active kernels; uniformly germinate the shelled treated seeds in an inclined disc, and transfer seedlings with the same growth and height to the light substrate pot for cultivation, 2-3 seedlings per pot; no fertilization treatment is required in the early stage, and the water is managed daily;

[0096] Interplanting in late March, fertilization is performed according to the principle of "frequent and thin application", and the early stage mainly supplements nitrogen fertilizer; when four or five true leaves grow out in the seedling stage, 1.5% urea is sprayed on the leaves;

[0097] In early April, 1% low-concentration urea foliar fertilizer is sprayed every week, and 0.4% dihydrogen potassium phosphate is added to start phosphorus and potassium fertilization in mid-April; the concentration should not be too high; the pH value is always controlled to be between 7.0 and 8.2; the light substrate pH is measured by a soil acidity and alkalinity tester; if the acidity is too high, lime can be applied; if the alkalinity is too high, aluminum sulfate can be applied to adjust the pH; 0.05 kg of superphosphoric acid calcium is added per plant, so that the calcium content of the superphosphoric acid calcium is about 12%;

[0098] In July, follow-up fertilization management is performed, and follow-up fertilization is scattered; the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is configured by urea (effective nitrogen 46%), superphosphoric acid calcium (P2O5 12%) and potassium sulfate (K2O 50%) in a weight ratio of N:P:K=4:3:2; the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is added in an amount of 0.4 kg per plant; a small amount of follow-up fertilization is performed multiple times, follow-up fertilization is performed once every 5 days on average, and fertilization is performed until late August.

Claims

1. A lightweight substrate for seedling cultivation that enhances the redness and vibrancy of smoke tree leaves, characterized in that: The light matrix seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: yellow heart soil 2-4, composted citrus peel residue organic fertilizer 2-4, vermiculite 1-3, and perlite 1-3; superphosphate 0.8-2, and high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 0.1-0.5; the pH of the light matrix seedling substrate is adjusted to 7.0-8.

2. The high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: urea 4-6; superphosphate 1-3; and potassium sulfate 0.5-1.

5.

2. The light substrate for raising seedlings of Cotinus coggygria var. pubescens with red and brightened leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light matrix seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: yellow heart soil 2-4, composted citrus peel residue organic fertilizer 2-4, vermiculite 1-3, and perlite 1-3; superphosphate 0.8-2, and high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 0.1-0.5; the pH of the light matrix seedling substrate is adjusted to 7.0-8.

2.

3. The light substrate for raising seedlings of Cotinus coggygria var. pubescens with red and brightened leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: urea 4-6; superphosphate 1-3; and potassium sulfate 0.5-1.

5.

4. The light medium seedling raising substrate for increasing the redness and brightness of Cotinus coggygria leaves according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by, The effective nitrogen content of the urea is 46%, the P2O5 content of the superphosphate is 12%, and the K2O content of the potassium sulfate is 50%.

5. The light substrate for raising seedlings of Cotinus coggygria var. pubescens with red and brightened leaves according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pH of the light matrix seedling substrate is adjusted to 7.0-8.2 by measuring the pH of the light matrix with a soil pH tester, and adjusting the pH by adding lime when the pH is too high or adding aluminum sulfate when the pH is too low.

6. The method for preparing the light substrate for raising seedlings of Cotinus coggygria with red and brightened leaves according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: The light matrix seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: yellow heart soil 2-4, composted citrus peel residue organic fertilizer 2-4, vermiculite 1-3, and perlite 1-3; superphosphate 0.8-2, and high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 0.1-0.5; the pH of the light matrix seedling substrate is adjusted to 7.0-8.

2. The light matrix seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: yellow heart soil 2-4, composted citrus peel residue organic fertilizer 2-4, vermiculite 1-3, and perlite 1-3; superphosphate 0.8-2, and high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 0.1-0.5; the pH of the light matrix seedling substrate is adjusted to 7.0-8.

2.

7. The method for preparing the light substrate for raising seedlings of Cotinus coggygria with red and brightened leaves according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method further comprises the following steps: The light matrix seedling substrate is disinfected by pouring 200 ml of 0.05% potassium permanganate into the light matrix; and the seedlings are placed in non-woven fabric bags with a diameter of 20 cm and a height of 20 cm after 3-5 days of disinfection.

8. The method for preparing the light substrate for raising Cotinus coggygria seedlings with red and bright leaves according to claim 6, characterized in that, The organic matter content of the citrus peel residue organic fertilizer is greater than 60%, and the total nutrient content is greater than 5%.

9. A fertilization method for a lightweight substrate for seedling cultivation that enhances the redness and vibrancy of smoke tree leaves, wherein the fertilization method uses the lightweight substrate for seedling cultivation that enhances the redness and vibrancy of smoke tree leaves as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that... The method comprises the following steps: The seeds are selected from excellent tree species, and the seeds are treated for germination; the shelled seeds are uniformly treated for germination in an inclined disc, and the seedlings with the same growth and height are transferred to the light matrix pots for cultivation, with 2-3 seedlings in each pot; no fertilization is required in the early stage, and the water is managed regularly; The seedlings are transplanted at the end of March, and the fertilization is performed according to the principle of "frequent and thin application"; in the early stage, mainly nitrogen fertilizer is supplemented when four or five true leaves grow on the seedlings; and low-concentration urea is used for foliar spraying; Low-concentration urea foliar fertilizer is sprayed every week at the beginning of April; phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added at the middle of April, and the concentration should not be too high; dihydrogen potassium phosphate is used; the pH value is always controlled to be 7.0-8.2; 0.03-0.05 g of superphosphate is added per seedling to maintain the calcium content of the superphosphate at about 12%; In July, the seedlings are managed by applying the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, which is prepared by mixing urea with an effective nitrogen content of 46%, superphosphate with a P2O5 content of 12%, and potassium sulfate with a K2O content of 50% in a weight ratio of N:P:K=(2-4):(1-3):(2-4); the total amount of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 0.2-0.4 kg per seedling; the seedlings are fertilized in small amounts and multiple times, with an average of once every 5 days; and the fertilization is performed until the end of August.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the method is characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Seed: choose excellent tree species, full and active seed germination treatment; the seed after shelling treatment in the inclined disc uniform germination treatment, take the same, the same height of about 4 cm seedling transfer to light matrix pot cultivation, 2-3 per pot; early no need to fertilize, water according to daily management; In March, the seedlings are transplanted, and the fertilization is carried out according to the principle of "frequent and thin application". In the early stage, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly supplemented when four or five true leaves grow in the seedling stage. 0.5-1.5% urea is used for foliar spraying. In early April, low concentration 0.5-1.5% urea foliar fertilizer is sprayed every week. In mid-April, the concentration is increased to 0.2-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The pH value is always controlled between 7.0-8.

2. 0.4 kg / seedling of superphosphate is applied, and the calcium content of superphosphate is kept at 12%. In July, the management of topdressing is carried out, and the topdressing is scattered. High-nitrogen compound fertilizer is composed of urea containing 46% available nitrogen, superphosphate containing 12% P2O5, and potassium sulfate containing 50% K2O, with the use ratio of N:P:K=3:2:

3. The total amount of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 0.3 kg / seedling. A small amount of topdressing is carried out for many times, with an average of 5 days for topdressing once. Fertilization is carried out until late August.

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