Liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer, hydrogenation system and hydrogenation process

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer, a hydrogenation system and a hydrogenation process. The liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer comprises a vaporizer body, a liquid hydrogen pipe connected to the vaporizer body, a gas hydrogen pipe, a safety valve and a pressure sensor; the hydrogenation system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank, the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer, an ejector and a gas hydrogenation machine; the vaporizer of the invention has a simple structure, reduces the risk of insufficient strength under low temperature and high pressure due to too many openings of the equipment, and has a cut-off valve on its pipeline, which can realize constant volume endothermic expansion and higher heat exchange efficiency; in addition, the hydrogenation system of the invention is convenient to utilize the self-pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to transport liquid hydrogen due to the ejector, solves the problem that the liquid hydrogen storage tank cannot withstand excessively high pressure and is difficult to directly inject hydrogen into the high-pressure vaporizer, and can reduce the energy consumption of the hydrogenation process to zero energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of liquid hydrogen gasification, and in particular to a liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer, a hydrogenation system and a hydrogenation process. Background Art

[0002] Liquid hydrogen is more suitable for large-scale, long-distance transportation than gaseous hydrogen, and is more suitable for storage in large hydrogen refueling stations. Liquid hydrogen has a high storage density, low storage and transportation costs, low storage pressure, and is also safer.

[0003] When a hydrogen refueling station fills a user's vehicle with high-pressure gaseous hydrogen, it typically vaporizes the liquid hydrogen, compresses it, and sends it to a high-pressure storage tank group for use in gaseous hydrogen refueling. Alternatively, a high-pressure liquid hydrogen pump is used to directly pressurize the liquid hydrogen to a high pressure, then vaporizes it into high-pressure gaseous hydrogen for use in gaseous hydrogen refueling.

[0004] The volume of liquid hydrogen increases significantly after vaporizing at the phase transition point. The density of liquid hydrogen at its normal boiling point (NBP) is 70.78 kg / m³. The density of hydrogen at normal temperature and pressure is 0.08376 kg / m³. As the temperature rises from NBP to NTP (normal temperature and pressure), the volume of hydrogen gradually increases. For a fixed-volume liquid hydrogen storage tank, while maintaining a constant density, the vaporization of liquid hydrogen will eventually lead to a pressure exceeding 170 MPa as the temperature rises from NBP to NTP.

[0005] CN108953988BA discloses a liquid hydrogen vaporization and self-pressurization device, wherein the vaporizer is connected to a liquid hydrogen storage tank to maintain a supply of liquid hydrogen, so that liquid hydrogen vaporization is continuously carried out in the vaporizer, thereby continuously supplying high-pressure hydrogen. However, since the vaporizer is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank, considering the pressure limit of the liquid hydrogen storage tank at the current technical level (taking into account the embrittlement of metal at low temperatures, the pressure it can withstand is usually not high), the pressure in the vaporizer cannot be too high, making it difficult to provide hydrogen at too high a pressure. Alternatively, a liquid hydrogen pump can be used to force the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank into the vaporizer, but this will inevitably lead to increased energy consumption. In addition, when the vaporizer is in operation, the hydrogen in the vaporizer undergoes constant-pressure expansion, which is less efficient in utilizing ambient heat than constant-volume expansion. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer, a hydrogenation system and a hydrogenation process suitable for constant volume expansion of liquid hydrogen to solve the shortcomings of constant pressure expansion.

[0007] To achieve one aspect of the above-mentioned purpose, the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer provided by the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer comprises a vaporizer body for absorbing external heat to vaporize the liquid hydrogen therein, a liquid hydrogen pipe and a gas hydrogen pipe connected to the vaporizer body, a safety valve for preventing overpressure in the vaporizer body, and a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure in the vaporizer body; wherein the liquid hydrogen pipe and the gas hydrogen pipe are respectively provided with valves.

[0009] According to the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer of the present invention, preferably, at least two of the pressure sensor, the liquid hydrogen pipe, the gaseous hydrogen pipe and the safety valve are connected to the vaporizer body through the same pipeline connected to the vaporizer body, so as to reduce the connection openings on the vaporizer body.

[0010] According to the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer of the present invention, preferably, the liquid hydrogen pipe and the gaseous hydrogen pipe are connected to the vaporizer body through the same hydrogen transmission pipe located on the vaporizer body, and a valve is provided on the hydrogen transmission pipe; the pressure sensor and / or safety valve are arranged on the hydrogen transmission pipe and are located between the valve on the hydrogen transmission pipe and the vaporizer body.

[0011] According to the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer of the present invention, preferably, the connection configuration between the liquid hydrogen pipe and the vaporizer body is such that the liquid hydrogen enters from the upper part of the vaporizer body.

[0012] To achieve another aspect of the above-mentioned object of the invention, the hydrogenation system provided by the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0013] A hydrogenation system, comprising a liquid hydrogen storage tank, the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer as described above, an ejector and a gas hydrogenation machine; wherein,

[0014] The liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers are arranged in parallel in a plurality and are respectively connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank through the liquid hydrogen pipes to receive the liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank and vaporize it;

[0015] The ejector comprises a high-pressure gas inlet, a low-pressure gas inlet and a gas outlet, and is used to use the high-pressure gas from the high-pressure gas inlet to suck the low-pressure gas from the low-pressure gas inlet and send it out from the gas outlet;

[0016] The hydrogen pipe of each liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer is connected to the high-pressure gas inlet and the low-pressure gas inlet of the ejector through branch pipes with valves respectively;

[0017] The gas outlet of the ejector is connected to the gas-hydrogen hydrogenator to supply hydrogen.

[0018] According to the hydrogenation system of the present invention, in some embodiments, the hydrogenation system further includes a gas-hydrogen buffer tank, which is respectively connected to the gas outlet of the ejector and the gas-hydrogen hydrogenation machine to store hydrogen and supply hydrogen to the gas-hydrogen hydrogenation machine.

[0019] According to the hydrogenation system of the present invention, in some embodiments, the hydrogenation system further includes one or more gaseous hydrogen buffer tanks, which are respectively connected to the gaseous hydrogen pipe of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer and the high-pressure gas inlet of the ejector to store hydrogen and supply hydrogen to the ejector.

[0020] According to the hydrogenation system of the present invention, preferably, the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer is an air-temperature self-pressurizing vaporizer, and the number thereof is 2-5.

[0021] According to the hydrogenation system of the present invention, preferably, the hydrogenation system is not provided with a liquid hydrogen delivery pump for delivering liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer and a hydrogen compressor for pressurizing and outputting hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer.

[0022] In some embodiments, the hydrogenation system may further include a liquid hydrogen delivery pump for delivering liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer and / or a hydrogen compressor for pressurizing and outputting hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer.

[0023] In order to achieve another aspect of the above-mentioned object, the present invention also provides a hydrogenation process using the above-mentioned hydrogenation system for hydrogenation. During operation, the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer will sequentially undergo the following states 1 to 5, wherein:

[0024] State 1 is that the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer is receiving liquid hydrogen injected from the liquid hydrogen storage tank;

[0025] State 2 is a state where the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer is absorbing heat after receiving liquid hydrogen, including state 2-1 where the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer has not been completely vaporized and state 2-2 where the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer has been completely vaporized;

[0026] State 3 is that the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer has completed heat absorption and is in a standby state to supply high-pressure hydrogen at any time;

[0027] State 4 is that the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer is supplying high-pressure hydrogen;

[0028] State 5 is that the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer has stopped supplying high-pressure hydrogen due to pressure reduction;

[0029] Among the multiple liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers of the hydrogenation system, when the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 4 is supplied with high-pressure hydrogen, the high-pressure hydrogen enters from the high-pressure gas inlet of the ejector, and the ejector is used to draw hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 5 from the low-pressure gas inlet, so that the pressure in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 5 is lower than the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank;

[0030] When the liquid hydrogen in state 5 is transferred from the booster vaporizer to state 1 in the next step, the liquid hydrogen storage tank completes the injection of liquid hydrogen by relying on the pressure difference between the two.

[0031] According to the hydrogenation process of the present invention, preferably, when the hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 2 absorbs heat, the vaporizer body is disconnected from the liquid hydrogen pipe and the gaseous hydrogen pipe to perform constant volume expansion;

[0032] In state 3, the vaporizer body of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer is disconnected from the liquid hydrogen pipe and the gaseous hydrogen pipe;

[0033] The vaporizer body of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 4 is disconnected from the liquid hydrogen pipe.

[0034] According to the hydrogenation process of the present invention, preferably, the pressure of hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 3 is 30-180 MPa, preferably 70-100 MPa, such as 80 or 90 MPa.

[0035] According to the hydrogenation process of the present invention, preferably, when hydrogen is supplied, among the multiple liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers, there are liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers in state 4, there are liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers in state 1 and / or 5, and there are liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers in state 2 and / or 3.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0037] (1) The vaporizer of the present invention has a simple structure, which reduces the risk of insufficient strength under low temperature and high pressure caused by too many openings in the equipment, improves reliability, reduces failure points, and reduces manufacturing costs; and there is a shut-off valve on the pipeline, which operates intermittently and can achieve constant volume endothermic expansion; during the constant volume expansion process, the vaporized hydrogen gas will not be transported downstream, but can only continue to expand and pressurize in the vaporizer. During this process, the hydrogen gas pressure continues to increase, the hydrogen gas density continues to increase, and the heat transfer coefficient in the tube continues to increase. Compared with the open system, the vaporizer with the same heat transfer area and thermal conductivity coefficient uses more ambient heat to do more work on the hydrogen gas, heats up faster, and has higher heat transfer efficiency; in addition, its final pressure after vaporization is higher, for example, reaching more than 90 MPa; and the pressure is variable, with a low pressure at the beginning and the highest pressure when it reaches room temperature after complete vaporization. After the gas is output for downstream use, the pressure gradually decreases and finally reaches near the initial pressure; in addition, its operating temperature is lower and belongs to variable temperature operation, which is initially in the liquid hydrogen temperature zone, and starts to heat up after the vaporization is completed, and the temperature continues to rise and finally reaches room temperature.

[0038] (2) In the present invention, the connection configuration of the liquid hydrogen pipe and the vaporizer body is preferably such that the liquid hydrogen enters from the upper part of the vaporizer body. On the one hand, it is beneficial for the subsequent liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer to pressurize the liquid hydrogen storage tank through the liquid hydrogen pipe, avoiding the setting of additional pipelines and simplifying the structure. On the other hand, entering from the top is beneficial for better gasification of liquid hydrogen, reducing the adverse effects of temperature gradient in the vaporizer and local severe icing affecting heat absorption, reducing the safety line caused by uneven shrinkage stress of the vaporizer, and at the same time, due to better gasification and pressurization, the heat absorption efficiency is improved.

[0039] (3) The hydrogenation system of the present invention is convenient for utilizing the self-pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to transport liquid hydrogen due to the provision of an ejector, thereby solving the problem that the liquid hydrogen storage tank cannot withstand excessively high pressure and is difficult to directly inject hydrogen into the high-pressure vaporizer. Energy is provided by the heat of the external environment, avoiding the energy consumption of using an additional liquid hydrogen pump to inject hydrogen, and can reduce the energy consumption of the hydrogenation process to zero energy consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figures 1a-1f Schematic diagrams showing different embodiments of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing one embodiment of a hydrogenation system of the present invention is shown;

[0042] Description of reference numerals:

[0043] 1-Liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer; 10-Vaporizer body; 11-Liquid hydrogen pipe; 12-Gas hydrogen pipe; 13-Hydrogen transmission pipe; 14-Pressure sensor; 15-Safety valve; 16-Heat exchange element; 2-Liquid hydrogen storage tank; 3-Ejector; 4-Gas hydrogen refueling machine; 5-Gas hydrogen buffer tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the specification and claims of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or precedence. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate for the embodiments of the present invention described herein. In addition, the terms "including," "having," and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0046] The liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer of the present invention includes a vaporizer body for absorbing external heat to vaporize the liquid hydrogen therein, a liquid hydrogen pipe and a gaseous hydrogen pipe connected to the vaporizer body, a safety valve for preventing overpressure in the vaporizer body, and a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure in the vaporizer body; wherein, valves are respectively provided on the liquid hydrogen pipe and the gaseous hydrogen pipe.

[0047] In the present invention, at least two of the pressure sensor, liquid hydrogen pipe, gaseous hydrogen pipe and safety valve can be connected to the vaporizer body through the same pipe connected to the vaporizer body, so as to reduce the number of connection openings on the vaporizer body, thereby reducing the risk of insufficient strength under low temperature and high pressure due to too many openings in the equipment, improving reliability, reducing failure points and reducing manufacturing costs.

[0048] In one embodiment, Figure 1a As shown, the liquid hydrogen pipe and the gaseous hydrogen pipe are connected to the vaporizer body through the same hydrogen transmission pipe located on the vaporizer body, and a valve is provided on the hydrogen transmission pipe; the pressure sensor and / or safety valve are arranged on the hydrogen transmission pipe and are located between the valve on the hydrogen transmission pipe and the vaporizer body. At this time, there is only one pipe opening on the vaporizer body, so only one natural compensation point needs to be considered on the equipment, reducing the risk of insufficient strength under low temperature and high pressure due to too many openings in the equipment; in addition, only one control valve (i.e., the valve on the hydrogen transmission pipe) is allowed in the constant volume expansion working mode. This is very beneficial for low temperature and high pressure systems.

[0049] In one embodiment, Figure 1b As shown, the liquid hydrogen pipe and the gaseous hydrogen pipe are connected to the vaporizer body through the same hydrogen transmission pipe located on the vaporizer body, and valves are respectively provided on the liquid hydrogen pipe, the gaseous hydrogen pipe and the hydrogen transmission pipe; the pressure sensor is connected to the connecting pipe between the safety valve and the vaporizer body.

[0050] In one embodiment, Figure 1cAs shown, the liquid hydrogen pipe, gaseous hydrogen pipe and safety valve are independently connected to the vaporizer body, and the pressure sensor is connected to the portion of the pipe connecting the liquid hydrogen pipe and the vaporizer body to monitor the pressure inside the vaporizer body.

[0051] In one embodiment, Figure 1d As shown, the liquid hydrogen pipe and the gaseous hydrogen pipe are connected to the vaporizer body through the same hydrogen transmission pipe located on the vaporizer body, and valves are respectively provided on the liquid hydrogen pipe, the gaseous hydrogen pipe and the hydrogen transmission pipe; the pressure sensor and the safety valve are respectively independently connected to the vaporizer body.

[0052] In one embodiment, Figure 1e As shown, the liquid hydrogen pipe, gaseous hydrogen pipe and safety valve are independently connected to the vaporizer body, and the pressure sensor is connected to the portion of the pipe connecting the gaseous hydrogen pipe and the vaporizer body to monitor the pressure inside the vaporizer body.

[0053] The vaporizer of the present invention can adopt an air-temperature vaporizer with a tube-fin structure, wherein the vaporizer body is mainly composed of a pressure-bearing tube and an external star-shaped finned tube, wherein the pressure-bearing tube has sufficient pressure-bearing function, and the external finned tube bears the function of heat exchange with the outside air; for example, in the case of a finned tube air-temperature vaporizer, the internal volume of the vaporizer body is 1m 3 To vaporize 49 kg of liquid hydrogen (70% full) to 10°C and a final pressure of 88 MPa via natural convection within one hour, the required vaporizer dimensions are approximately 3 x 4.2 x 6 meters. If the time is extended to two hours, the dimensions can be reduced to 3 x 4.2 x 3 meters or 3 x 2.1 x 6 meters. Alternatively, if natural convection is insufficient, forced convection can be used, though this will increase energy consumption slightly.

[0054] The vaporizer of the present invention can also be an intermediate medium vaporizer IFV or a heat exchanger. Compared with the air temperature vaporizer, the heat source is different. The heat flow does not come from the ambient air but from another medium, such as Figure 1f The vaporizer shown in the figure has a heat exchange element for transporting hot fluid inside its vaporizer body. The low-temperature liquid hydrogen absorbs heat from the hot fluid to vaporize and increase the pressure. The hot fluid releases heat through heat exchange and its temperature is reduced. This can be combined with many process steps that require cooling of this fluid to achieve greater energy saving.

[0055] In the present invention, the connection configuration of the liquid hydrogen pipe to the vaporizer body is preferably such that the liquid hydrogen enters from the upper part of the vaporizer body, for example, Figures 1a-1fIn the embodiment, liquid hydrogen enters the vaporizer body from the top. This allows the liquid hydrogen to enter from the top, which, on the one hand, facilitates the subsequent pressurization of the liquid hydrogen storage tank by the self-pressurizing vaporizer through the liquid hydrogen pipe, avoiding the need for additional pipelines and simplifying the structure. Furthermore, entering from the top facilitates better vaporization of the liquid hydrogen, reduces the adverse effects of temperature gradients within the vaporizer and localized severe icing that affects heat absorption, and reduces safety risks caused by uneven shrinkage stress in the vaporizer. Furthermore, due to better vaporization and pressurization, heat absorption efficiency is improved.

[0056] In one embodiment, the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer is Figure 1c The difference between the vaporizer shown is that the liquid hydrogen pipe is connected to the bottom of the vaporizer body and the pressure sensor is connected to the gas hydrogen pipe, and the rest is the same. Figure 1c Compared with the vaporizer shown in FIG, the time required for complete vaporization of liquid hydrogen in the vaporizer of this embodiment is significantly increased, which can be increased by more than 5%, and the vaporization efficiency is poor.

[0057] The heat absorption process of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer of the present invention can be roughly divided into two stages: the vaporization stage and the superheating stage. During the vaporization stage, external heat input continuously vaporizes the liquid hydrogen, and the liquid hydrogen temperature is stabilized at the saturation temperature. After the liquid hydrogen is completely vaporized, it enters the superheating stage. During the superheating stage, external heat input continuously raises the temperature of the low-temperature gaseous hydrogen until it reaches the ambient temperature.

[0058] As Figure 1a Taking the structure shown and an air-temperature vaporizer as an example, the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer of the present invention first injects a certain amount of liquid hydrogen into the vaporizer body during the constant volume expansion process, then closes the valve on the hydrogen transmission pipe. When the liquid hydrogen is completely vaporized and the temperature and pressure are increased to a set temperature (such as room temperature), the valve is opened to release the room-temperature hydrogen. Because only one valve needs to be completely closed, this is very beneficial for low-temperature and high-pressure systems. The vaporized hydrogen will not be transported downstream and can only be continuously expanded and pressurized in the vaporizer. During this process, the hydrogen pressure and density continue to increase, and the heat transfer coefficient in the tube continues to increase. Compared with open systems (such as constant pressure expansion), vaporizers with the same heat exchange area and thermal conductivity can use more ambient heat to do more work on the hydrogen, heat up faster, and have higher heat transfer efficiency.

[0059] At the cryogenic temperatures of approximately 20K, the temperature of liquid hydrogen, steel pipes and equipment become extremely brittle. The difference between the amount of contraction at cryogenic temperatures and the amount of expansion at room temperature is significant. The same is true for high pressures; pipes deform significantly under high pressure compared to low pressure. Therefore, the stresses caused by temperature and pressure fluctuations must be naturally compensated for during piping design. Furthermore, to prevent the formation of oxygen-rich concentrates such as liquid hydrogen due to condensation outside the pipe, which could make surrounding materials flammable, pipes below 90K must be insulated. This complicates pipe design and opening design. Therefore, the openings of cryogenic and high-pressure equipment and pipes are extremely important, directly affecting the overall compressive and fatigue strength, the reliability of connections, and the number of failure points.

[0060] Therefore, in order to adapt to the deep cold and high pressure characteristics of the liquid hydrogen vaporization process, the design and layout of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer of the present invention are preferably carried out according to the following rules: (1) From the perspective of ensuring overall strength, the fewer openings of the vaporizer as a whole, the better; (2) The strength of the relevant pipelines should be able to withstand the tensile, compressive and bending loads of the pipelines caused by temperature and pressure changes; (3) The relevant pipelines should be subjected to flexibility calculations, and the pipeline and equipment layout compensation method should adopt natural compensation; (4) Liquid hydrogen pipes and gas hydrogen pipes operating below 90K should use insulated pipes, such as high vacuum multi-layer insulation, vacuum powder insulation or other insulation methods with excellent effects; (5) The vaporizer body and accessories such as connecting pipes should undergo non-destructive testing, pressure resistance test, air tightness test, low temperature impact test, liquid nitrogen test, liquid hydrogen test, and all equipment pipes should be degreased and deoiled; (6) Unlike conventional liquid inlet, liquid hydrogen should preferably enter from the upper part of the vaporizer body if the structure allows; (7) In addition, the design of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer should comply with the requirements of all relevant specifications and conventional industry experience.

[0061] like Figure 2As shown, the hydrogenation system of the present invention includes a liquid hydrogen storage tank, the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer as described above, an ejector and a gaseous hydrogen hydrogenator; wherein, a plurality of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers are arranged in parallel, and are respectively connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank through the liquid hydrogen pipe to receive liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank; a plurality of liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers work in parallel, so that each liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer is in a different working stage, for example, some liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers are in the vaporization and evaporation stage, and low-temperature gaseous hydrogen at saturation temperature can be supplied at any time, for example, it can be used for pressurizing the liquid hydrogen storage tank without causing additional cold loss; some liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers are in the overheating heating stage, and can provide a cold source for the hydrogenation process at any time, meeting the cooling requirements of T40 rapid hydrogenation under the J2601 protocol; some liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers have completed the heating and pressurization process and can supply high-pressure gaseous hydrogen at any time, such as for automobile hydrogenation. In addition, multiple liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers are provided. Liquid hydrogen is self-pressurized from the liquid hydrogen storage tank into the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer. After being vaporized and self-pressurized into high-pressure hydrogen gas, it is stored in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer. Therefore, the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer can also serve as a hydrogen storage tank. Preferably, the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer is an air-temperature vaporizer, and the number can be 2-5, such as 3, 4, or 5.

[0062] The ejector can adopt the ejector commonly used in the art, such as the ejector adopted in CN217235278U, including a high-pressure gas inlet, a low-pressure gas inlet and an air outlet, for utilizing the high-pressure gas from the high-pressure gas inlet to extract the low-pressure gas from the low-pressure gas inlet and send it out from the air outlet; wherein, the gas hydrogen pipe of each liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer is connected to the high-pressure gas inlet and the low-pressure gas inlet of the ejector respectively by a branch pipe with a valve, so that the gas hydrogen pipe of each liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer can be cut off from the communication with the high-pressure gas inlet and / or the low-pressure gas inlet at any time. The air outlet of the ejector is connected to the gas hydrogen hydrogenator to supply hydrogen, that is, hydrogen from the high-pressure gas inlet and the low-pressure gas inlet. Of course, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that when the low-pressure gas inlet is not required to pump and the hydrogen suction of the low-pressure gas inlet is cut off, the hydrogen from the high-pressure gas inlet can also protect the normal hydrogen supply. By providing an ejector, the hydrogenation system may not be provided with a liquid hydrogen delivery pump for delivering liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer and a hydrogen compressor for pressurizing and outputting hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer.

[0063] In one embodiment, the hydrogenation system may further include one or more gas hydrogen buffer tanks (or hydrogen storage tanks), which are respectively connected to the gas outlet of the ejector and the gas hydrogenation machine to store hydrogen and supply hydrogen to the gas hydrogenation machine.

[0064] In one embodiment, the hydrogenation system may further include one or more gas hydrogen buffer tanks (or hydrogen storage tanks), which are respectively connected to the gas hydrogen pipe of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer and the high-pressure gas inlet of the ejector to store hydrogen and supply hydrogen to the ejector; that is, one of the branches of the gas hydrogen pipe of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer is connected to the inlet of the gas hydrogen buffer tank, and the other branch is still connected to the low-pressure gas inlet of the ejector.

[0065] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the hydrogen buffer tank can be similar to a high-pressure steel gas cylinder, with only one gas inlet. When hydrogen supply to the outside is not required, hydrogen can be input through the inlet by switching a valve. When hydrogen supply to the outside is required, hydrogen can be output through the inlet by switching a valve. Of course, the hydrogen buffer tank can also be provided with separate gas inlets and outlets. It will be appreciated that when multiple hydrogen buffer tanks are provided, they are preferably connected in parallel.

[0066] During the operation of the hydrogenation system, the liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank first enters the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer to increase temperature and pressure, and then is directly or indirectly (indirectly refers to passing through a buffer tank) sent to the subsequent gas hydrogenation machine through an ejector; wherein, the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer will sequentially undergo the following states 1 to 5, wherein,

[0067] State 1 is that the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer is receiving liquid hydrogen injected from the liquid hydrogen storage tank;

[0068] State 2 is a heat absorption state after the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer receives liquid hydrogen, including state 2-1 in which the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer has not yet been completely vaporized and state 2-2 in which the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer has been completely vaporized. It can be understood that when the hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 2 is absorbing heat, the vaporizer body can be disconnected from the liquid hydrogen pipe and the gas hydrogen pipe to achieve constant volume expansion.

[0069] State 3 is when the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer has completed heat absorption and is in a standby state to supply high-pressure hydrogen at any time; at this time, the pressure of the hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 3 can be as high as 30-180 MPa, preferably 70-100 MPa, such as 80 or 90 MPa; it can be understood that the vaporizer body of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 3 is disconnected from the liquid hydrogen pipe and the gas hydrogen pipe;

[0070] State 4 is that the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer is supplying high-pressure hydrogen; it can be understood that the vaporizer body of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 4 is not connected to the liquid hydrogen pipe;

[0071] State 5: The liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer has stopped supplying high-pressure hydrogen due to pressure drop, that is, the hydrogen pressure inside it is no longer sufficient to supply hydrogen to the subsequent hydrogenator or buffer tank through the high-pressure gas inlet. At this time, the pressure inside the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer may still be as high as about 20MPa, which is higher than the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0072] In the present invention, the disconnected state means that the corresponding material will not be transported.

[0073] Among them, among the multiple liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers of the hydrogenation system, when the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 4 supplies high-pressure hydrogen, the high-pressure hydrogen enters from the high-pressure gas inlet of the ejector, and the ejector is used to draw the hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 5 from the low-pressure gas inlet, so that the pressure in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 5 is lower than the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank, until it reaches a suitable pressure value, so as to facilitate the subsequent use of the liquid hydrogen storage tank self-pressure to transport liquid hydrogen for it. Those skilled in the art understand that, through valve switching, the gas hydrogen pipe of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 4 is not connected to the low-pressure gas inlet of the ejector, the gas hydrogen pipe of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 5 is not connected to the high-pressure gas inlet of the ejector, and the gas hydrogen pipes of other vaporizers are not connected to the high-pressure gas inlet and low-pressure gas inlet of the ejector.

[0074] When the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 5 needs to be converted to state 1 in the next step, the liquid hydrogen storage tank can complete the liquid hydrogen injection by relying on the pressure difference between the two, that is, the liquid hydrogen injection can be completed without a liquid hydrogen delivery pump. In addition, the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be pressurized to a suitable pressure by using the low-temperature hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer still in state 1; in addition, the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in states 1 and 2 can also provide a cold source for the gas hydrogenation machine, facilitating the rapid hydrogenation at -40°C. Specifically, the application of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer to provide a cold source for the hydrogenation process can mainly be to exchange heat with the high-temperature hydrogen in the hydrogenation process, providing a cold source for the hydrogenation process, facilitating the use of T40-level rapid hydrogenation under the J2601 protocol. Those skilled in the art will understand that the temperature, pressure, amount of liquid hydrogen, and amount of gaseous hydrogen in each liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer can be detected, calculated, and monitored by the control system for overall scheduling and control. Therefore, although a single liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer works intermittently, multiple liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers can be coordinated to achieve continuous hydrogen supply.

[0075] When hydrogen is supplied using the hydrogenation system of the present invention, one of the multiple liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers can be in the same or different states as another, for example, all of these liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers are in different states, or two or more of them are in the same state; in some embodiments, there are liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers in state 4, liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers in state 1 and / or 5, and liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers in state 2 and / or 3.

[0076] The hydrogenation process using the hydrogenation system of the present invention requires neither a liquid hydrogen delivery pump nor a compressor, thus eliminating the need for additional electricity and achieving zero energy consumption during the hydrogenation process. A controller automatically monitors the self-pressurization process, manages thermal energy, potential energy, and kinetic energy throughout the hydrogen storage and hydrogenation process within the station, and simultaneously achieves maximum refueling speed, maximum hydrogenation capacity, minimum evaporation losses, and zero energy consumption during the hydrogenation process, reducing the operating costs of the hydrogenation station.

[0077] Of course, those skilled in the art will understand that the hydrogenation system may also be provided with a liquid hydrogen delivery pump for delivering the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer and / or a hydrogen compressor for pressurizing and outputting the hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer, which may cooperate with the ejector to achieve work and heat synergy and enable a wider process operation range.

[0078] It will be readily understood that the above embodiments are merely examples for clarity. For example, for simplicity, some instruments and / or valves are not shown in the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art may make appropriate modifications based on the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that other variations or modifications may be made based on the above description. Of course, it is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all possible implementations here. However, other obvious variations or modifications arising from these modifications remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogenation system, comprising a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer, an ejector and a gas hydrogenation machine; in, The liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer comprises a vaporizer body for absorbing external heat to gasify the liquid hydrogen therein, a liquid hydrogen pipe and a gas hydrogen pipe connected to the vaporizer body, and a safety valve for preventing overpressure in the vaporizer body and a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure in the vaporizer body; wherein the liquid hydrogen pipe and the gas hydrogen pipe are respectively provided with valves; wherein a plurality of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers are arranged in parallel, and are respectively connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank through the liquid hydrogen pipes to receive the liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank and gasify it; The ejector comprises a high-pressure gas inlet, a low-pressure gas inlet and a gas outlet, and is used to use the high-pressure gas from the high-pressure gas inlet to suck the low-pressure gas from the low-pressure gas inlet and send it out from the gas outlet; The gas hydrogen pipe of each liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer is connected to the high-pressure gas inlet and the low-pressure gas inlet of the ejector through branch pipes with valves respectively; The gas outlet of the ejector is connected to the gas-hydrogen hydrogenator to supply hydrogen.

2. The hydrogenation system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The hydrogenation system further comprises one or more gas-hydrogen buffer tanks, which are respectively connected to the gas outlet of the ejector and the gas-hydrogen hydrogenation machine to store hydrogen and supply hydrogen to the gas-hydrogen hydrogenation machine.

3. The hydrogenation system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The hydrogenation system further comprises one or more gas hydrogen buffer tanks, which are respectively connected to the gas hydrogen pipe of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer and the high-pressure gas inlet of the ejector to store hydrogen and supply hydrogen to the ejector.

4. The hydrogenation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer is an air-temperature vaporizer, and the number is 2-5; the hydrogenation system is not provided with a liquid hydrogen delivery pump for delivering liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer and a hydrogen compressor for pressurizing and outputting hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer.

5. The hydrogenation system according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that The liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer is an air-temperature vaporizer, and the number is 2-5; The hydrogenation system is also provided with a liquid hydrogen delivery pump for delivering liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer and / or a hydrogen compressor for pressurizing and outputting hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer.

6. The hydrogenation system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that At least two of the pressure sensor, the liquid hydrogen pipe, the gaseous hydrogen pipe and the safety valve are connected to the vaporizer body through the same pipeline connected to the vaporizer body, so as to reduce the connection openings on the vaporizer body.

7. The hydrogenation system according to claim 6, It is characterized in that The liquid hydrogen pipe and the gaseous hydrogen pipe are connected to the vaporizer body through the same hydrogen transmission pipe located on the vaporizer body, and a valve is provided on the hydrogen transmission pipe; the pressure sensor and / or safety valve is arranged on the hydrogen transmission pipe and is located between the valve on the hydrogen transmission pipe and the vaporizer body.

8. The hydrogenation system according to claim 7, It is characterized in that The connection configuration between the liquid hydrogen pipe and the vaporizer body is such that the liquid hydrogen enters from the upper part of the vaporizer body.

9. A hydrogenation process using the hydrogenation system according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for hydrogenation, It is characterized in that During operation, the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer will sequentially go through the following states 1 to 5, wherein: State 1 is that the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer is receiving liquid hydrogen injected from the liquid hydrogen storage tank; State 2 is a state where the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer is in a state of absorbing heat after receiving liquid hydrogen, including state 2-1 where the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer has not been completely vaporized and state 2-2 where the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer has been completely vaporized; State 3 is that the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer has completed heat absorption and is in a standby state to supply high-pressure hydrogen at any time; State 4 is that the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer is supplying high-pressure hydrogen; State 5 is that the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer has stopped supplying high-pressure hydrogen due to pressure reduction; Among the multiple liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers of the hydrogenation system, when the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 4 is supplied with high-pressure hydrogen, the high-pressure hydrogen enters from the high-pressure gas inlet of the ejector, and the ejector is used to draw hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 5 from the low-pressure gas inlet, so that the pressure in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 5 is lower than the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank; When the liquid hydrogen in state 5 is transferred from the booster vaporizer to state 1 in the next step, the liquid hydrogen storage tank completes the liquid hydrogen injection by means of the pressure difference between the two.

10. The hydrogenation process according to claim 9, It is characterized in that When the hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 2 absorbs heat, the vaporizer body and the liquid hydrogen pipe and the gas hydrogen pipe are all in a disconnected state to perform constant volume expansion; The carburetor body of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing carburetor in state 3 is disconnected from the liquid hydrogen pipe and the gas hydrogen pipe; The carburetor body of the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing carburetor in state 4 is disconnected from the liquid hydrogen pipe; The pressure of hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 3 is 30-180 MPa.

11. The hydrogenation process according to claim 10, It is characterized in that The pressure of hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizer in state 3 is 70-100 MPa.

12. The hydrogenation process according to any one of claims 9 to 11, It is characterized in that When supplying hydrogen, among the multiple liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers, there are liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers in state 4, liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers in state 1 and / or 5, and liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing vaporizers in state 2 and / or 3.

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