A composting method for improving composting to reduce antibiotics, passivate heavy metals and reduce nitrogen loss

Abstract

A composting method for improving composting to reduce antibiotics, passivate heavy metals and reduce nitrogen loss, which relates to the field of composting. The present invention aims to solve the problem that currently it is impossible to effectively solve the antibiotic and heavy metal pollution in livestock and poultry manure composting and reduce nitrogen loss. The present invention mixes livestock and poultry manure with crop straw, adds antibiotics and heavy metal passivation adjuvants in batches, and adds a compost regulator, adjusts the moisture content and C / N, and then composts. The temperature is controlled during composting, and composting fermentation treatment is performed. The antibiotic and heavy metal passivation adjuvant is composed of carbonized sodium lignin sulfonate, mesoporous nano-silica and red mud. The scheme of the present invention can reduce the environmental pollution of livestock and poultry manure composting and improve the application prospects of livestock and poultry manure composting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of composting, and in particular relates to a composting method capable of improving the composting ability in eliminating antibiotics, passivating heavy metals and reducing nitrogen loss. Background Art

[0002] Composting and fermentation is one of the common means of resource processing of livestock and poultry manure. Current research focuses on improving the fertility of organic fertilizer after composting and improving composting efficiency. Although there are research reports on the environmental pollution of composting, such as antibiotic residues in livestock and poultry manure and heavy metal pollution in crop straw, most of them are single-direction research. Kang Han et al. published "Research Progress on Heavy Metal Passivators in Aerobic Composting of Livestock and Poultry Manure" in "Environmental Protection and Circular Economy" in 2024, which discussed the research status of physical, chemical, biological and composite passivators. Zhou Xian et al. published "The Reduction Law of Antibiotics in Aerobic Composting of Livestock and Poultry Manure" in "China Environmental Science" in 2024, taking cow manure, chicken manure and pig manure as the objects, and investigated the effects of initial moisture content and compost turning frequency on the reduction of antibiotics during aerobic composting. Liu Yanting, Guangdong University of Technology, published in 2020 "Study on the Effects of Microbial Agents on Heavy Metal Passivation, Antibiotic and Resistance Gene Reduction during Aerobic Composting of Pig Manure", which studied a series of composite bacterial agents mainly composed of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Aspergillus niger and Bacillus licheniformis, and explored the effects of adding different ratios of bacterial agents on composting effect, heavy metal passivation, antibiotic removal, resistance gene reduction and nitrogen transformation during composting, and discussed its mechanism for antibiotic removal and resistance gene reduction during aerobic composting of livestock and poultry manure.

[0003] CN114014724A, the invention titled "A coated organic fertilizer for improving heavy metal contaminated soil and its preparation method" discloses: a coated organic fertilizer for improving heavy metal contaminated soil; comprising raw materials of 30-50 parts of compound fertilizer, 10-20 parts of modified attapulgite, 20-40 parts of coating liquid, 20-40 parts of bagasse, 20-40 parts of corn cobs, 10-30 parts of wine lees, 3-5 parts of acetic acid, 5-10 parts of microorganisms, 10-20 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of porous materials, and 5-10 parts of curing agent; the coating liquid is made of cassava starch, sodium cellulose, lignin sulfonate, and the like. Potassium sulfate, polyethylene glycol and deionized water are mixed at a temperature of 50-70°C and a speed of 100-200 r / min, stirred for 2-3 hours, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a coating liquid; the porous material is one of mesoporous silica, zeolite or biomass porous carbon; the organic fertilizer is coated and slowly absorbed by crops, which can meet the long-term fertilizer demand during the crop growth cycle; at the same time, the organic fertilizer contains multiple functional groups and has a strong complexing ability for heavy metal ions, so that it can well improve heavy metal contaminated soil, and can also provide rich nutrients to promote the steady growth of crops.

[0004] The above public reports do not involve technologies that can effectively solve the problems of antibiotic and heavy metal pollution in livestock and poultry manure composting and reduce nitrogen loss. Therefore, developing a technology that can solve the above problems will help promote the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that currently there is no effective solution to antibiotic and heavy metal pollution in livestock and poultry manure composting and to reduce nitrogen loss, and to provide a composting method for improving composting to reduce antibiotics, passivate heavy metals and reduce nitrogen loss.

[0006] A composting method for improving the elimination of antibiotics, passivating heavy metals and reducing nitrogen loss in composting of the present invention is carried out according to the following steps:

[0007] 1) After mixing livestock and poultry manure with crop straw, compost regulator, antibiotics and heavy metal passivation auxiliary agent are added for the first time, the moisture content is adjusted to 55-65%, and the C / N is 25-30:1 to obtain compost material;

[0008] 2) After adding the composite bacterial agent to the compost material and mixing it evenly, the compost material is piled up for composting. During the composting process, the temperature of the pile is controlled at 50-65°C. When the temperature inside the pile exceeds 70°C for the first time, the pile is blown until the temperature inside the pile reaches 65°C and then stopped. Then, the compost regulator, antibiotics and heavy metal passivation auxiliary agent are added for the second time and mixed evenly. The composting and fermentation are continued until the composting is completed to obtain organic fertilizer;

[0009] The antibiotic and heavy metal passivation auxiliary agent is composed of 10% to 30% of carbonized sodium lignin sulfonate, 30% to 45% of mesoporous nano-silica and 30% to 45% of red mud;

[0010] The amount of antibiotics and heavy metal passivation adjuvant added for the first time is 8-12% of the dry weight of the compost material, and the amount of antibiotics and heavy metal passivation adjuvant added for the second time is 3-7% of the dry weight of the compost material;

[0011] The first time the compost regulator, antibiotics and heavy metal passivation auxiliary agent is added, specifically, 20% to 25% of carbonized sodium lignin sulfonate, 35% to 40% of mesoporous nano-silica and 20% to 40% of red mud are added; the second time the compost regulator, antibiotics and heavy metal passivation auxiliary agent is added, specifically, 5% to 10% of carbonized sodium lignin sulfonate and 5% to 10% of mesoporous nano-silica are added;

[0012] The compound microbial agent is composed of Bacillus licheniformis, indigenous thermophilic bacteria, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Aspergillus niger and white rot fungi;

[0013] The carbonization of sodium lignin sulfonate is carried out according to the following steps:

[0014] 1) Mix sodium lignin sulfonate and CaCO3 solution, and then dry-mill them at a speed of 220-260 rpm for 4-8 hours; wherein the mass ratio of sodium lignin sulfonate to CaCO3 is 1:3-10;

[0015] 2) adding K2CO3 solution to the mixture after ball milling in step 1) for ball milling, wherein the mass ratio of sodium lignin sulfonate to K2CO3 is 1:1-4;

[0016] 3) placing the mixed product of step 1) in a tubular furnace, heating to 750°C~850°C at a rate of 3~5°C / min under nitrogen protection for carbonization treatment for 1~2h, cooling to room temperature, washing to pH neutrality, and drying in an oven at 80~100°C to obtain carbonized sodium lignin sulfonate.

[0017] Furthermore, the red mud is thiolated red mud, and the preparation method of thiolated red mud is as follows: grind the red mud into powder and mix it with sulfuric acid in a mass volume ratio of 2~4g:10mL, stir it at room temperature, filter it, wash it until the pH of the supernatant is neutral, dry it in an oven, add 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, stir it and mix it, and react it at a temperature of 70~90°C for 5~10h to obtain thiolated red mud.

[0018] Furthermore, the compost regulator is composed of sawdust, pine bark and alfalfa in a mass ratio of 5-10:1-3:2-6.

[0019] Furthermore, the amount of the compost regulator added is 10-15% of the dry weight of the compost material.

[0020] Furthermore, the sawdust is a mixture of basswood sawdust, birch sawdust and pine sawdust in a mass ratio of 1-2:1:1-3.

[0021] Furthermore, the mixing mass ratio of livestock and poultry manure to crop straw is 1.5~3:1.

[0022] Furthermore, the livestock and poultry manure is one or more of cow manure, pig manure, sheep manure and chicken manure.

[0023] Furthermore, the effective live bacteria count ratio of the Bacillus licheniformis, indigenous thermophilic bacteria, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Aspergillus niger and white rot fungi is 1:1~2:4~6:4~7:3~5.

[0024] Furthermore, the dripping rate of the K2CO3 solution is 30 to 60 drops / min.

[0025] Furthermore, in step 2), the compost material is piled into a pile, the temperature of the pile is raised to 70-90°C and maintained for 1-4 hours, after the temperature of the pile drops to 50-65°C, the moisture content is adjusted to 55-65%, the C / N is 25-30:1, the composite bacterial agent is added, and the temperature of the pile is maintained at 50-65°C for composting. When the temperature inside the pile exceeds 70°C for the first time, air is blown into the pile until the temperature inside the pile reaches 65°C and then stopped, and then the compost regulator, antibiotics and heavy metal passivation auxiliary agent are added for the second time and mixed, and the composting fermentation is continued until the composting is completed.

[0026] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] Based on the current biological treatment of heavy metals and antibiotic residues in composting fermentation, the present invention has developed an auxiliary agent mainly composed of carbonized sodium lignin sulfonate, supplemented by mesoporous nano-silica and red mud, and a selected composite bacterial agent suitable for the auxiliary agent. Through the joint action of the auxiliary agent + the composite bacterial agent, the antibiotics in livestock and poultry manure composting are reduced, the heavy metals are passivated, and the nitrogen loss is reduced. In the research and development of the auxiliary agent, the present invention has also found that after the red mud is thiolated, the coordination effect with carbonized sodium lignin sulfonate can be significantly improved, which is beneficial to the removal of heavy metals and the reduction of nitrogen loss.

[0028] The present invention adds a compost regulator to the compost, thereby improving the temperature of the compost fermentation, oxygen supply, etc., further enhancing the antibiotic reduction and heavy metal passivation effects of the present invention. The scheme of the present invention can reduce the environmental pollution of livestock and poultry manure composting and enhance the application prospects of livestock and poultry manure composting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly understood, the spirit of the contents disclosed by the present invention will be described in detail below. After understanding the embodiments of the contents of the present invention, any technician in the relevant technical field can change and modify them according to the techniques taught by the contents of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the contents of the present invention.

[0030] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the description thereof are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A composting method of this embodiment for improving the elimination of antibiotics, passivating heavy metals and reducing nitrogen loss in composting:

[0033] 1) Pig manure + chicken manure was mixed with corn and soybean straw crushed to 2-4 cm (the wet mass ratio of pig manure + chicken manure to corn and soybean straw was 1.8:1), antibiotics and heavy metal passivation adjuvants (25% carbonized sodium lignin sulfonate + 40% mesoporous nanosilica and 35% red mud) accounting for 10% of the dry weight of the composting material were added for the first time, the moisture content was adjusted to 55-65%, and the C / N was 25-30:1 to obtain composting material;

[0034] The compost conditioner is sawdust, which is a mixture of basswood sawdust, birch sawdust and pine sawdust in a mass ratio of 1:1:2;

[0035] 2) After adding the composite bacterial agent to the compost material and mixing it evenly, the compost material is piled up for composting. During the composting process, the temperature of the pile is controlled at 55-65°C. When the temperature inside the pile exceeds 70°C for the first time, the pile is blown until the temperature inside the pile reaches 60°C and then stopped. Then, 5% of the dry weight of the compost material is added as compost regulator, antibiotics and heavy metal passivation auxiliary agent (5% of carbonized sodium lignin sulfonate + 5% of mesoporous nano-silica) for the second time and mixed evenly. The composting and fermentation are continued until the composting is completed to obtain organic fertilizer;

[0036] The effective live bacterial count ratio of Bacillus licheniformis, indigenous thermophilic bacteria, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Aspergillus niger and white rot fungi in the composite microbial agent is 1:1:5:5:3;

[0037] The carbonization of sodium lignin sulfonate is carried out according to the following steps:

[0038] 1) Mix sodium lignin sulfonate and CaCO3 solution, and then dry-mill them at 250 rpm for 8 hours; wherein the mass ratio of sodium lignin sulfonate to CaCO3 is 1:4;

[0039] 2) adding K2CO3 solution to the mixture after ball milling in step 1) at a rate of 40 drops / min for ball milling, wherein the mass ratio of sodium lignin sulfonate to K2CO3 is 1:3;

[0040] 3) placing the mixed product of step 1) in a tubular furnace, heating to 850°C at a rate of 4°C / min under nitrogen protection for carbonization treatment for 2 hours, cooling to room temperature, washing to a neutral pH, and drying in an oven at 80°C to obtain carbonized sodium lignin sulfonate.

[0041] The physicochemical properties of the compost of Example 1 are shown in Table 1.

[0042] Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of pig manure, chicken manure, corn and soybean straw in composting materials

[0043]

[0044] Note: - indicates not detected.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the red mud is thiolated red mud, and the preparation method of thiolated red mud is as follows: grind the red mud into powder and mix it with sulfuric acid in a mass volume ratio of 3g:10mL, stir at room temperature, filter, wash until the pH of the supernatant is neutral, place in an oven to dry, add 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, stir and mix, and react at a temperature of 80°C for 5-10h to obtain thiolated red mud. Others are the same as embodiment 1.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the compost regulator is a mixture of sawdust, pine bark and alfalfa in a mass ratio of 5:2:3. In step 2), the compost material is piled into a pile, the pile temperature is raised to 80°C and maintained for 3 hours, and after the pile temperature drops to 50-65°C, the moisture content is adjusted to 55-65%, the C / N is 25-30:1, the composite bacterial agent is added, and the pile temperature is maintained at 50-65°C for composting. The rest is the same as embodiment 1.

[0049] The antibiotic and heavy metal passivation auxiliary agent and composite bacterial agent of Example 1 were used to investigate the antibiotic reduction, heavy metal passivation, and nitrogen loss in composting, as shown in Table 2.

[0050] 1. Test method:

[0051] 1) Total organic carbon (TOC) was determined using the potassium dichromate oxidation method. Total nitrogen (TN) was determined using the Kjeldahl method.

[0052] 2) Heavy metal determination:

[0053] Referring to Xu Gengjia's method, 0.25 g of air-dried compost sample was added to a polytetrafluoroethylene tube, and 10 mL of a mixed acid of perchloric acid and hydrofluoric acid in equal proportions and 5 mL of hydrofluoric acid were added for overnight pre-digestion. Then, the sample was heated in a graphite digestion furnace at 160°C for more than 150 min for digestion. The digested sample was diluted to 50 mL with 1% HNO3, filtered with a 0.22 μm filter membrane, and determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).

[0054] 3) Antibiotics

[0055] The content of antibiotics was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) according to the method of Kan Zexin. HPLC-MS parameters: column temperature 40 °C, mobile phase acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% ( V / V) formic acid (B), flow rate 5 μL·s-1, measurement time 8min. The mobile phase gradient used in the determination was: 0~1 min, 90.0%~90.0% A; 1~4.5 min, 90.0%~0.0% A; 4.5~6.5 min, 0.0%~0.0% A; 6.5~6.6 min, 0.0%~90.0% A; 6.6~8.0min, 90.0%~90.0% A. The MS detection conditions were point spray ion source (ESI), ion source temperature was 600 ℃, desolvation gas and cone gas were nitrogen, collision gas was high-purity argon, and multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) detection was adopted. The ionization mode was positive ion electrospray ion source, the electrospray voltage was 5 500 V, the mass spectrometry scanning mode was multiple reaction ion detection, the inlet voltage was 10 V, and the collision chamber outlet voltage was 10V.

[0056] 2. Inspection methods

[0057] Taking "antibiotics and heavy metal passivation auxiliary agents, compound bacterial agents" as variable factors, the following groups were set up for investigation.

[0058] Experimental Group 1: The "antibiotics and heavy metal passivation auxiliary agents" of Example 1 were omitted, and the loss of "antibiotics and heavy metal passivation auxiliary agents" was compensated by adding more "compound bacterial agent".

[0059] Experimental Group 2: The "composite bacterial agent" of Example 1 was omitted, and the loss of the "composite bacterial agent" was compensated by adding more "antibiotics and heavy metal passivation auxiliary agents".

[0060] Experimental group three: the carbonized sodium lignin sulfonate in Example 1 was replaced with sodium lignin sulfonate.

[0061] Experimental Group 4: The mesoporous nano-silica in Example 1 was omitted, and the loss of “mesoporous nano-silica” was compensated by adding more “carbonized sodium lignin sulfonate”.

[0062] Test group five: the ratio of effective live bacteria counts of Bacillus licheniformis, indigenous thermophilic bacteria, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Aspergillus niger and white rot fungi in the composite bacterial agent of Example 1 was 5:5:5:5:3.

[0063] 3. Experimental results

[0064] Taking the heavy metal index, total organic carbon and total nitrogen index in the physicochemical properties in Table 1 as the initial index, the sum of pig manure + chicken manure and corn + soybean was used to measure the index data of Example 1 and test groups one to six after composting for 60 days, and the changes with the initial index were investigated and analyzed. The experimental results are shown in Table 2.

[0065] Table 2 Physical and chemical properties of each group after composting

[0066] Group indicators Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Experimental Group 1 Experimental Group 2 Experimental Group 3 Experimental Group 4 Experimental Group 5 <![CDATA[Cadmium (mg·kg -1 ).]]> 0.73±0.07 0.56±0.05 0.58±0.06 2.15±0.35 1.80±0.38 1.38±0.31 1.12±0.11 0.85±0.08 <![CDATA[Copper (mg·kg -1 ).]]> 112.13±12.45 91.74±10.06 113.83±11.36 269.12±24.16 241.15±23.58 133.88±17.12 125.72±13.26 115.53±11.23 <![CDATA[Zinc (mg·kg -1 )]]> 672.52±38.54 493.18±27.09 652.34±36.92 1658.89±48.59 1367.46±32.75 784.61±23.15 739.77±20.75 717.36±18.58 <![CDATA[Oxytetracycline (μg·kg -1 ).]]> 0.36±0.09 0.34±0.07 0.29±0.05 1.08±0.18 1.37±0.89 0.55±0.12 0.43±0.06 0.40±0.06 <![CDATA[Chlortetracycline (μg·kg -1 )]]> 0.58±0.06 0.69±0.08 0.31±0.03 5.52±1.81 7.56±2.27 2.76±0.19 1.06±0.94 0.78±0.07 <![CDATA[Sulfamerazine (μg·kg -1 ).]]> 0.56±0.05 0.71±0.06 0.31±0.03 3.64±1.52 5.14±2.06 1.68±0.96 1.05±0.54 0.69±0.28 <![CDATA[Doxycycline (μg·kg -1 ).]]> 1.19±0.45 1.15±0.39 2.49±1.16 1.72±0.64 1.89±0.72 1.48±0.59 1.42±0.55 1.25±0.41 <![CDATA[Ciprofloxacin (μg·kg -1 ).]]> 429.18±37.51 451.57±40.23 339.61±28.35 1059.9±153.61 1295.02±184.57 806.12±67.28 653.1±51.67 511.29±48.35 <![CDATA[Total nitrogen (g·kg -1 ).]]> 77.22±9.28 79.51±10.56 76.96±9.12 71.08±7.68 74.94±8.06 75.33±8.15 76.83±9.10 78.14±10.23

[0067] Note: The heavy metal contents in the table are effective contents.

[0068] The data in Table 2 show that compared with the initial indicators, the passivation rates of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in Example 1 are about 75%, about 67%, and about 70%, respectively; the passivation rates of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in Example 2 are increased to about 81%, about 73%, and about 78%, respectively, after thiolation of red mud; the passivation rate of cadmium (Cd) in Example 3 is almost unchanged. In comparison, the passivation rate of cadmium (Cd) in Test Group 1 is significantly reduced, which is reduced to about 27%, about 20%, and about 26%, respectively; the passivation rate of cadmium (Cd) in Test Group 2 is reduced to about 38%, about 29%, and about 39%, and the passivation rate of cadmium (Cd) in Test Group 3 is reduced to about 10%. The passivation rates of cadmium (Cd) in test group four were about 62%, 63% and 67% respectively; the passivation rates of cadmium (Cd) in test group five were about 71%, 66% and 68% respectively; the passivation rates of heavy metals in test group five did not increase due to the increase in the amount of bacteria, but showed a certain downward trend, indicating that the composite bacterial agent of Example 1 is the best ratio obtained by the present invention after a large number of experimental studies, and the reason for the decrease may be that the increase in the amount of Bacillus licheniformis and indigenous thermophilic bacteria has a certain competitive effect on the strains, inhibiting the growth of other strains and affecting the synergistic cooperation between the bacterial agents in the composite bacterial agent.

[0069] The data in Table 2 show that compared with the initial indicators, the removal rates of oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC), sulfamethazine (SMR), doxycycline (DOX), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in Example 1 are 90.6%, 98.1%, 97.4%, 67.7%, and 88.5%, respectively; the antibiotic removal rates of oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC), sulfamethazine (SMR), doxycycline (DOX), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in Example 2 are almost unchanged from those in Example 1; The removal rates of oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC), sulfamethazine (SMR), doxycycline (DOX), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in case 3 increased to 92.4%, 99.0%, 98.6%, 69.2%, and 90.9%, respectively; the removal rates of oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC), sulfamethazine (SMR), doxycycline (DOX), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in experimental group 1 were 71.8%, 82.4%, 83.8%, 52.1%, and 71.6%, respectively; The removal rates of oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC), sulfamethazine (SMR), doxycycline (DOX), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in experimental group II were 64.3%, 75.9%, 77.1%, 47.3%, and 65.3%, respectively; the removal rates of oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC), sulfamethazine (SMR), doxycycline (DOX), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in experimental group III were 85.6%, 91.2%, 92.5%, 58.7%, and 78.4%, respectively; The removal rates of oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC), sulfamethazine (SMR), doxycycline (DOX) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in experimental group 4 were 88.7%, 96.6%, 95.3%, 60.4% and 82.5%, respectively; the removal rates of oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC), sulfamethazine (SMR), doxycycline (DOX) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in experimental group 5 were 89.4%, 97.5%, 96.9%, 65.1% and 86.3%, respectively.

[0070] The data in Table 2 show that compared with the initial index, the total nitrogen (TN) content of Example 1 is 18.3% higher, the total nitrogen (TN) content of Example 2 is 21.8% higher, and the total nitrogen (TN) content of Example 1 is not much different from that of Example 1. The total nitrogen (TN) content of Test Group 1 is 8.9% higher, the total nitrogen (TN) content of Test Group 2 is 14.8% higher, the total nitrogen (TN) content of Test Group 3 is 15.4% higher, the total nitrogen (TN) content of Test Group 4 is 17.7% higher, and the total nitrogen (TN) content of Test Group 5 is 19.7% higher.

Claims

1. A composting method for improving the elimination of antibiotics, passivating heavy metals and reducing nitrogen loss in composting, characterized in that It is carried out according to the following steps: 1) After mixing livestock and poultry manure with crop straw, a compost regulator, antibiotics, and heavy metal passivation auxiliary agent are added for the first time, and the moisture content is adjusted to 55-65%, and the C / N is 25-30:1 to obtain compost material; 2) After adding the composite bacterial agent to the compost material and mixing evenly, the compost material is piled into a pile for composting treatment. During the composting process, the temperature of the pile is controlled to be 50-65° C. When the temperature inside the pile exceeds 70° C. for the first time, the pile is blown until the temperature inside the pile reaches 65° C. and then stopped. Then, a compost regulator, an antibiotic, and a heavy metal passivation auxiliary agent are added for the second time and mixed evenly, and the composting fermentation is continued until the composting is completed to obtain organic fertilizer; The amount of the antibiotics and heavy metal passivation auxiliary agent added for the first time is 8-12% of the dry weight of the compost material, and the amount of the antibiotics and heavy metal passivation auxiliary agent added for the second time is 3-7% of the dry weight of the compost material; The first time the compost regulator, antibiotics and heavy metal passivation auxiliary agent is added, specifically, 20% to 25% of carbonized sodium lignin sulfonate, 35% to 40% of mesoporous nano-silica and 20% to 40% of red mud are added; the second time the compost regulator, antibiotics and heavy metal passivation auxiliary agent is added, specifically, 5% to 10% of carbonized sodium lignin sulfonate and 5% to 10% of mesoporous nano-silica are added; The composite bacterial agent is composed of Bacillus licheniformis, indigenous thermophilic bacteria, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Aspergillus niger and white rot fungi; the effective live bacterial count ratio of the Bacillus licheniformis, indigenous thermophilic bacteria, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Aspergillus niger and white rot fungi is 1:1-2:4-6:4-7:3-5; The carbonization of sodium lignin sulfonate is carried out according to the following steps: 1) Mixing sodium lignin sulfonate and CaCO3 solution, and dry-milling at a rotation speed of 220-260 rpm for 4-8 hours; wherein the mass ratio of sodium lignin sulfonate to CaCO3 is 1:3-10; 2) adding K2CO3 solution to the mixture after ball milling in step 1) for ball milling, wherein the mass ratio of sodium lignin sulfonate to K2CO3 is 1:1-4; 3) placing the mixed product of step 1) in a tubular furnace, heating to 750° C. to 850° C. at a rate of 3 to 5° C. / min under nitrogen protection for carbonization treatment for 1 to 2 hours, cooling to room temperature, washing to a neutral pH, and drying in an oven at 80 to 100° C. to obtain carbonized sodium lignin sulfonate.

2. A composting method for improving the elimination of antibiotics, passivating heavy metals and reducing nitrogen loss in composting according to claim 1, characterized in that The red mud is thiolated red mud, and the preparation method of thiolated red mud is as follows: grind the red mud into powder and mix it with sulfuric acid in a mass volume ratio of 2 to 4 g: 10 mL, stir it at room temperature, filter it, wash it until the pH of the supernatant is neutral, dry it in an oven, add 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, stir it, and react it at a temperature of 70 to 90° C. for 5 to 10 hours to obtain thiolated red mud.

3. A composting method for improving the elimination of antibiotics, passivating heavy metals and reducing nitrogen loss in composting according to claim 1, characterized in that The compost regulator is composed of wood chips, pine bark and alfalfa in a mass ratio of 5-10:1-3:2-6.

4. A composting method for improving the elimination of antibiotics, passivating heavy metals and reducing nitrogen loss in composting according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that The amount of the compost regulator added is 10-15% of the dry weight of the compost material.

5. A composting method for improving the elimination of antibiotics, passivating heavy metals and reducing nitrogen loss in composting according to claim 3, characterized in that The wood chips are mixed with basswood chips, birch chips and pine chips in a mass ratio of 1-2:1:1-3.

6. A composting method for improving the elimination of antibiotics, passivating heavy metals and reducing nitrogen loss in composting according to claim 1, characterized in that The mixed mass ratio of livestock and poultry manure to crop straw is 1.5 to 3:

1.

7. A composting method for improving the elimination of antibiotics, passivating heavy metals and reducing nitrogen loss in composting according to claim 1, characterized in that The livestock and poultry excrement is one or more of cow dung, pig dung, sheep dung and chicken dung.

8. A composting method for improving the elimination of antibiotics, passivating heavy metals and reducing nitrogen loss in composting according to claim 1, characterized in that The dripping speed of the K2CO3 solution is 30 to 60 drops / min.

9. A composting method for improving the elimination of antibiotics, passivating heavy metals and reducing nitrogen loss in composting according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 2), the compost material is piled into a pile, the temperature of the pile is raised to 70-90° C. and maintained for 1-4 hours, after the temperature of the pile drops to 50-65° C., the moisture content is adjusted to 55-65%, the C / N is 25-30:1, the composite bacterial agent is added, and the temperature of the pile is maintained at 50-65° C. for composting. When the temperature inside the pile exceeds 70° C. for the first time, air is blown into the pile until the temperature inside the pile reaches 65° C. and then the compost regulator, antibiotics, and heavy metal passivation auxiliary agent are added for the second time and mixed, and the composting fermentation is continued until the composting is completed.

Images