An underwater inboard engine assembly and underwater housing cover processing method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of ship engineering technology and discloses an underwater inboard engine assembly and a method for processing an underwater housing cover thereof, comprising an underwater housing, a drive shaft assembly disposed inside the underwater housing, and a propeller assembly disposed on one side of the underwater housing; the drive shaft assembly comprising a drive shaft, a nylon bushing sleeved on the bottom surface of the drive shaft, a needle bearing sleeved on the bottom surface of the drive shaft, a drive gear sleeved on the bottom surface of the drive shaft, a drive shaft nut threadedly connected to the bottom of the drive shaft, and a positive gear engaged on the left end of the drive gear. The method for processing an underwater inboard engine assembly and an underwater housing cover device thereof, by changing the processing technology to a one-cut processing, relatively increases the service life of the underwater housing cover, reduces the eccentric wear of the propeller shaft, reduces propeller swing, reduces dynamic balance, reduces water resistance, and increases ship speed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ship engineering, and in particular to an underwater inboard engine assembly and a method for processing an underwater housing cover thereof. Background Art

[0002] A ship is a vehicle primarily used in water, transporting cargo or passengers. Depending on their purpose, ships can be categorized into many types, such as cargo ships, passenger ships, and fishing boats. Inboard engines typically refer to a ship's propulsion system installed inside the hull. Its main components, such as the engine and gearbox, are located within the hull, while the propeller shaft extends through the hull to the outside to drive the propeller. Inboard engines offer superior maneuverability and stability while also protecting most of the propulsion system's components from the external environment, making them ideal for use in harsh water environments.

[0003] Function of underwater housing cover: Since the underwater housing cover carries the cooperation of important components such as bearings, oil seals, propeller shafts, etc., it is also one of the important components to ensure that the underwater gearbox is sealed against water ingress and lubricating oil leakage.

[0004] The coaxiality of the two ends of the underwater casing cover is out of tolerance: Since the oil seal is pressed into the underwater casing cover cavity and cooperates with the propeller shaft, once the coaxiality is out of tolerance, the oil seal lip will wear unevenly, and the propeller shaft will be worn by the oil seal, which greatly reduces the life of the oil seal and the life of the shaft. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an underwater assembly of an inboard engine and a processing method for its underwater casing cover. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide an inboard motor underwater assembly and a method for processing an underwater housing cover thereof, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an inboard engine underwater assembly, comprising an underwater housing, a drive shaft assembly is disposed inside the underwater housing, and a propeller assembly is disposed on one side of the underwater housing;

[0007] The drive shaft assembly includes a drive shaft, the surface of the bottom of the drive shaft is sleeved with a nylon bushing, the surface of the bottom of the drive shaft is sleeved with a needle roller bearing 1, the surface of the bottom of the drive shaft is sleeved with a drive gear, the bottom of the drive shaft is threadedly connected to a drive shaft nut, the left end of the drive gear is meshed with a forward gear, and the right end of the drive gear is meshed with a reverse gear, a sliding sleeve is installed inside the forward gear, a clutch pin is installed on the left end of the sliding sleeve, a propeller shaft is installed inside the reverse gear, an underwater housing cover is installed on the surface of the propeller shaft, a reverse thrust washer is installed inside the underwater housing cover, a tapered roller bearing is installed on the right side of the reverse thrust washer, a needle roller bearing 2 is installed inside the underwater housing cover, two underwater housing cover oil seals are installed inside the underwater housing cover, and a ring nut is installed on the right surface of the underwater housing cover;

[0008] The propeller assembly comprises a propeller, a propeller spline assembly is installed inside the propeller, a propeller pad is installed at one end of the propeller spline assembly, and a washer is installed at the other end of the propeller spline assembly.

[0009] Preferably, the second needle bearing is installed on the outside of the propeller shaft, and the second needle bearing is located on the right side of the inside of the underwater housing cover. The two underwater housing cover oil seals are installed on the outside of the propeller shaft, and the underwater housing cover oil seals are respectively located on the right side of the second needle bearing.

[0010] As the main component of power transmission, the drive shaft needs to withstand large torque and bending stress. The nylon bushing is installed at the bottom of the drive shaft to reduce friction and wear and enhance the stability of the drive shaft. The needle bearing is used to support the drive shaft, reduce the radial displacement of the shaft, and improve the transmission efficiency. The drive gear transmits the rotational motion to the propeller assembly. The drive shaft nut is used to fix the drive gear and the above structure on the drive shaft. The drive shaft drives the drive gear to rotate and realizes the rotation of the propeller shaft under the action of the forward gear or reverse gear. The forward gear and reverse gear realize the forward and reverse functions.

[0011] Preferably, the counter-rotating thrust washer is mounted on the outside of the propeller shaft, the tapered roller bearing is mounted on the outside of the propeller shaft, and the counter-rotating thrust washer is located on the left side of the tapered roller bearing.

[0012] Preferably, the propeller spline assembly is installed on the outside of the propeller shaft, the washer is located on the right inner side of the propeller, and the propeller is fixedly connected to the propeller shaft through a hexagonal nut.

[0013] Preferably, an O-ring is installed on the surface of the drive shaft inside the bearing seat, a needle bearing three is installed on the surface of the drive shaft at the bottom of the O-ring, a filler is installed on the surface of the drive shaft at the bottom of the needle bearing three, and a thrust bearing is installed on the surface of the drive shaft at the bottom of the filler.

[0014] The propeller is connected to the propeller shaft through the propeller spline assembly to ensure smooth power transmission. The propeller spacer and gasket are used to fix the position of the propeller and reduce vibration and noise. The underwater housing cover covers the right opening of the underwater housing to seal the entire system.

[0015] Preferably, a water pump inner casing is installed on the surface of the drive shaft, a water pump impeller assembly is installed on the surface of the drive shaft, a water pump impeller gasket is installed on the surface of the drive shaft, an oil seal cover is installed on the surface of the drive shaft, and a bearing seat is installed on the surface of the drive shaft.

[0016] Preferably, a water pump housing is installed on the surface of the drive shaft, the water pump inner shell is located at the bottom of the water pump housing, and the water pump housing is fixedly connected to the underwater housing by bolts.

[0017] The O-ring is located on the surface of the drive shaft inside the bearing seat. The main function of the O-ring is to seal and prevent water or other media from entering the gap between the drive shaft and the bearing seat, ensuring the dryness and cleanliness of the system. The needle roller bearing is located on the surface of the drive shaft below the O-ring and is used to reduce friction when the drive shaft rotates and improve transmission efficiency. The shim is located on the surface of the drive shaft below the needle roller bearing and is used to adjust the gap between the bearings to ensure the correct installation and operation of the bearings.

[0018] Preferably, the water pump impeller assembly is located inside the water pump inner casing, the water pump impeller gasket is located at the bottom of the water pump impeller assembly, the oil seal cover is located at the bottom of the water pump impeller gasket, and the bearing seat is located at the bottom of the oil seal cover.

[0019] A method for processing an underwater housing cover of an inboard engine underwater assembly:

[0020] S1: First, place the underwater housing cover on a lathe and clamp it with a fixture;

[0021] S2: Secondly, a customized special barb tool is used to process the underwater housing cover in one cut.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] First, in the present invention, the drive shaft is the main component of power transmission, and the drive shaft needs to withstand large torque and bending stress. The nylon bushing is installed at the bottom of the drive shaft to reduce friction and wear and enhance the stability of the drive shaft. The needle bearing is used to support the drive shaft, reduce the radial displacement of the shaft, and improve the transmission efficiency. The drive gear transmits the rotational motion to the propeller assembly. The drive shaft nut is used to fix the drive gear and the above structure on the drive shaft. The drive shaft drives the drive gear to rotate and realizes the rotation of the propeller shaft under the action of the forward gear or the reverse gear. The forward gear and the reverse gear realize the forward and reverse functions. Different gears are switched by the sliding sleeve and the clutch pin. The sliding sleeve and the clutch pin are used to switch the gear position to realize different working modes. The propeller is connected to the propeller through the propeller spline assembly. On the propeller shaft, it ensures smooth power transmission. The propeller pads and washers are used to fix the position of the propeller and reduce vibration and noise. The underwater housing cover covers the right opening of the underwater housing, sealing the entire system to prevent water from entering the interior. The reverse thrust washer is installed on the outside of the propeller shaft to resist the axial force generated by the propeller and maintain the stability of the propeller shaft. The tapered roller bearing is also installed on the outside of the propeller shaft to withstand larger radial and axial loads. Needle bearing 2 is installed on the outside of the propeller shaft, located on the right side of the inside of the underwater housing cover to further reduce friction. The underwater housing cover oil seal is installed on the outside of the propeller shaft, a total of two, located on the right side of needle bearing 2, which plays a sealing role to prevent moisture intrusion. The ring nut fixes the position of the underwater housing cover to ensure its sealing effect.

[0024] Second, in the present invention, the O-ring is located on the surface of the drive shaft inside the bearing seat. The main function of the O-ring is to seal and prevent water or other media from entering the gap between the drive shaft and the bearing seat, ensuring that the inside of the system is dry and clean. The needle bearing is located on the surface of the drive shaft below the O-ring and is used to reduce friction when the drive shaft rotates and improve transmission efficiency. The shim is located on the surface of the drive shaft below the needle bearing and is used to adjust the gap between the bearings to ensure the correct installation and operation of the bearings. The thrust bearing is located on the surface of the drive shaft below the shim and is mainly used to bear axial loads to ensure that the drive shaft does not undergo axial displacement during rotation and maintain its stability. The water pump outer shell and the water pump inner shell are installed on the surface of the drive shaft. The water pump inner shell is located inside the water pump outer shell. The water pump impeller assembly is located in the water pump Inside the inner casing, water flow is generated through high-speed rotation to achieve water transportation and circulation to ensure effective guidance and control of water flow. The water pump impeller gasket is located under the water pump impeller assembly to provide additional sealing and support to ensure smooth operation of the impeller assembly. The oil seal cover is located under the water pump impeller gasket to seal the oil circuit to prevent oil leakage and maintain internal lubrication. The bearing seat is located under the oil seal cover to fix the bearing and provide support to ensure stable operation of the drive shaft. It is fixed to the underwater casing by bolts to form a complete sealing system. The gasket is located on the right inner side of the propeller to provide additional support and stability to prevent the propeller from loosening during rotation. The hexagonal nut is used to fix the propeller to the propeller shaft to ensure that it does not loosen or fall off during high-speed rotation.

[0025] Third, in the present invention, the underwater housing cover is processed in one go by changing the processing technology, and is processed in one go by customizing a special barb tool, so that the problem of coaxiality deviation is solved; after the change to one go processing, water inlet verification is carried out, and through three-coordinate detection, the coaxiality is guaranteed to be 0.02mm, and the cylindricity is 0.005mm, so that the eccentric wear of the underwater housing oil seal is reduced, the wear of the needle roller bearing and the tapered roller bearing is reduced, and the service life is relatively increased. At the same time, the eccentric wear of the propeller shaft is also reduced, the propeller swing is reduced, the dynamic balance is reduced, the water resistance is reduced, and the speed is increased. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a rear-view stereoscopic structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0028] Among them: 1. Underwater housing; 10. Drive shaft; 9. Nylon bushing; 8. Needle roller bearing 1; 7. Drive gear; 6. Drive shaft nut; 21. Reverse gear; 17. Clutch pin; 5. Forward gear; 19. Propeller shaft; 26. Underwater housing cover; 27. Needle roller bearing 2; 25. Tapered roller bearing; 28. Underwater housing cover oil seal; 90. Propeller; 91. Propeller spline assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0031] Example 1

[0032] An embodiment of an inboard engine underwater assembly drive shaft assembly

[0033] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 An inboard engine underwater assembly includes an underwater housing 1, a drive shaft assembly is provided inside the underwater housing 1, and a propeller assembly is provided on one side of the underwater housing 1;

[0034] The drive shaft assembly includes a drive shaft 10, the surface of the bottom of the drive shaft 10 is sleeved with a nylon bushing 9, the surface of the bottom of the drive shaft 10 is sleeved with a needle bearing 8, the surface of the bottom of the drive shaft 10 is sleeved with a drive gear 7, the bottom of the drive shaft 10 is threadedly connected to a drive shaft nut 6, the left end of the drive gear 7 is engaged with a forward gear 5, the right end of the drive gear 7 is engaged with a reverse gear 21, a sliding sleeve is installed inside the forward gear 5, a clutch pin 17 is installed on the left end of the sliding sleeve, a propeller shaft 19 is installed inside the reverse gear 21, an underwater housing cover 26 is installed on the surface of the propeller shaft 19, a reverse thrust washer is installed inside the underwater housing cover 26, a tapered roller bearing 25 is installed on the right side of the reverse thrust washer, a needle bearing 27 is installed inside the underwater housing cover 26, two underwater housing cover oil seals 28 are installed inside the underwater housing cover 26, and a ring nut is installed on the right surface of the underwater housing cover 26;

[0035] Through the above technical solution, the drive shaft 10 is the main component of power transmission. The drive shaft 10 needs to withstand large torque and bending stress. The nylon bushing 9 is installed at the bottom of the drive shaft 10 to reduce friction and wear and enhance the stability of the drive shaft 10. The needle bearing 8 is used to support the drive shaft 10, reduce the radial displacement of the shaft, and improve the transmission efficiency. The drive gear 7 transmits the rotational motion to the propeller assembly. The drive shaft nut 6 is used to fix the drive gear 7 and the above structure on the drive shaft 10. The drive shaft 10 drives the drive gear 7 to rotate under the action of the forward gear 5 or the reverse gear 21 to realize the spiral With the rotation of the propeller shaft 19, the forward gear 5 and the reverse gear 21 realize the forward and reverse functions, and different gears are switched by the sliding sleeve and the clutch pin 17. The sliding sleeve and the clutch pin 17 are used to switch the gear position to realize different working modes. The underwater housing cover 26 covers the right opening of the underwater housing 1, sealing the entire system to prevent water from entering the interior. The reverse thrust washer is installed on the outside of the propeller shaft 19 to resist the axial force generated by the propeller 90 and maintain the stability of the propeller shaft 19. The tapered roller bearing 25 is also installed on the outside of the propeller shaft 19 to withstand larger radial and axial loads.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] An embodiment of an inboard engine underwater propeller assembly

[0038] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , an inboard engine underwater assembly, a propeller assembly includes a propeller 90, a propeller spline assembly 91 is installed inside the propeller 90, a propeller pad is installed at one end of the propeller spline assembly 91, and a washer is installed at the other end of the propeller spline assembly 91.

[0039] Needle roller bearing 27 is installed on the outside of the propeller shaft 19, and needle roller bearing 27 is located on the right side inside the underwater housing cover 26. Two underwater housing cover oil seals 28 are installed on the outside of the propeller shaft 19, and the underwater housing cover oil seals 28 are respectively located on the right side of needle roller bearing 27.

[0040] The counter-rotating thrust washer is mounted on the outside of the propeller shaft 19 , and the tapered roller bearing 25 is mounted on the outside of the propeller shaft 19 , with the counter-rotating thrust washer being located on the left side of the tapered roller bearing 25 .

[0041] The propeller spline assembly 91 is installed on the outside of the propeller shaft 19, the washer is located on the right inner side of the propeller 90, and the propeller 90 is fixedly connected to the propeller shaft 19 through a hexagonal nut.

[0042] Through the above technical solution, the propeller 90 is connected to the propeller shaft 19 through the propeller spline assembly 91 to ensure smooth power transmission. The propeller pad and gasket are used to fix the position of the propeller 90 to reduce vibration and noise. The needle bearing 27 is installed on the outside of the propeller shaft 19, located on the right side of the inside of the underwater housing cover 26, to further reduce friction. The underwater housing cover oil seal 28 is installed on the outside of the propeller shaft 19, a total of two, respectively located on the right side of the needle bearing 27, to play a sealing role to prevent moisture intrusion. The ring nut fixes the position of the underwater housing cover 26 to ensure its sealing effect. The gasket is located on the right inner side of the propeller 90 to provide additional support and stability to prevent the propeller 90 from loosening during rotation. The hexagonal nut is used to fix the propeller 90 on the propeller shaft 19 to ensure that it will not loosen or fall off during high-speed rotation.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] An embodiment of an inboard engine underwater assembly drive shaft

[0045] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , an inboard engine underwater assembly, the surface of the drive shaft 10 is located inside the bearing seat and an O-ring is installed, the surface of the drive shaft 10 is located at the bottom of the O-ring and a needle bearing three is installed, the surface of the drive shaft 10 is located at the bottom of the needle bearing three and a shim is installed, and the surface of the drive shaft 10 is located at the bottom of the shim and a thrust bearing is installed.

[0046] The surface of the drive shaft 10 is mounted with a water pump inner casing, a water pump impeller assembly, a water pump impeller gasket, an oil seal cover and a bearing seat.

[0047] A water pump housing is installed on the surface of the driving shaft 10 , and the water pump inner shell is located at the bottom of the water pump housing. The water pump housing is fixedly connected to the underwater housing 1 by bolts.

[0048] The water pump impeller assembly is located inside the water pump inner shell, the water pump impeller gasket is located at the bottom of the water pump impeller assembly, the oil seal cover is located at the bottom of the water pump impeller gasket, and the bearing seat is located at the bottom of the oil seal cover.

[0049] Through the above technical solution, the O-ring is located on the surface of the drive shaft 10 inside the bearing seat. The main function of the O-ring is to seal and prevent water or other media from entering the gap between the drive shaft 10 and the bearing seat, ensuring the dryness and cleanliness of the system. The needle bearing 3 is located on the surface of the drive shaft 10 below the O-ring, which is used to reduce the friction when the drive shaft 10 rotates and improve the transmission efficiency. The shim is located on the surface of the drive shaft 10 below the needle bearing 3 and is used to adjust the gap between the bearings to ensure the correct installation and operation of the bearings. The thrust bearing is located on the surface of the drive shaft 10 below the shim, which is mainly used to bear the axial load and ensure that the drive shaft 10 does not undergo axial displacement during rotation, maintaining its stability. Qualitatively, the water pump outer shell and the water pump inner shell are installed on the surface of the drive shaft 10, the water pump inner shell is located inside the water pump outer shell, and the water pump impeller assembly is located inside the water pump inner shell. Water flow is generated by high-speed rotation to achieve water transportation and circulation to ensure effective guidance and control of water flow. The water pump impeller gasket is located below the water pump impeller assembly to provide additional sealing and support to ensure the smooth operation of the impeller assembly. The oil seal cover is located below the water pump impeller gasket to seal the oil circuit to prevent oil leakage and maintain internal lubrication. The bearing seat is located below the oil seal cover to fix the bearing and provide support to ensure the stable operation of the drive shaft 10. It is fixed to the underwater casing by bolts to form a complete sealing system.

[0050] Example 4

[0051] A method for processing underwater housing cover of an inboard engine underwater assembly

[0052] S1: First, place the underwater housing cover 26 on a lathe and clamp it with a fixture;

[0053] S2: Next, a customized special barb tool is used to perform one-cut processing on the underwater housing cover 26 .

[0054] Through the above technical solution, the underwater shell cover 26 is processed in one go by changing the processing technology, and is processed in one go by customizing a special barb tool. The problem of coaxiality deviation is solved. After the process is changed to one go, water inlet verification is carried out, and through three-coordinate detection, the coaxiality is guaranteed to be 0.02mm, and the cylindricity is 0.005mm, so that the eccentric wear of the underwater shell oil seal is reduced, the wear of the needle roller bearing 27 and the tapered roller bearing 25 is reduced, and the service life is relatively increased. At the same time, the eccentric wear of the propeller shaft 19 is also reduced, the swing of the propeller 90 is reduced, the dynamic balance is reduced, the water resistance is reduced, and the speed is increased.

[0055] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and alterations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit thereof, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An inboard engine underwater assembly, characterized by: It comprises an underwater housing (1), a drive shaft assembly is provided inside the underwater housing (1), and a propeller assembly is provided on one side of the underwater housing (1); The drive shaft assembly comprises a drive shaft (10), a nylon bushing (9) is sleeved on the bottom surface of the drive shaft (10), a needle bearing (8) is sleeved on the bottom surface of the drive shaft (10), a drive gear (7) is sleeved on the bottom surface of the drive shaft (10), a drive shaft nut (6) is threadedly connected to the bottom of the drive shaft (10), a forward gear (5) is meshed at the left end of the drive gear (7), a reverse gear (21) is meshed at the right end of the drive gear (7), a sliding sleeve is installed inside the forward gear (5), and a sliding sleeve is installed at the left end of the sliding sleeve. A clutch pin (17) is installed, a propeller shaft (19) is installed inside the reverse gear (21), an underwater housing cover (26) is installed on the surface of the propeller shaft (19), a reverse thrust washer is installed inside the underwater housing cover (26), a tapered roller bearing (25) is installed on the right side of the reverse thrust washer, a needle bearing 2 (27) is installed inside the underwater housing cover (26), two underwater housing cover oil seals (28) are installed inside the underwater housing cover (26), and a ring nut is installed on the right side surface of the underwater housing cover (26); The propeller assembly comprises a propeller (90), a propeller spline assembly (91) is installed inside the propeller (90), a propeller pad is installed at one end of the propeller spline assembly (91), and a washer is installed at the other end of the propeller spline assembly (91); The second needle roller bearing (27) is mounted on the outside of the propeller shaft (19), and the second needle roller bearing (27) is located on the right side of the interior of the underwater housing cover (26). The two underwater housing cover oil seals (28) are mounted on the outside of the propeller shaft (19), and the underwater housing cover oil seals (28) are respectively located on the right side of the second needle roller bearing (27); The reverse thrust washer is mounted on the outside of the propeller shaft (19), the tapered roller bearing (25) is mounted on the outside of the propeller shaft (19), and the reverse thrust washer is located on the left side of the tapered roller bearing (25); The propeller spline assembly (91) is mounted on the outside of the propeller shaft (19), the washer is located on the right inner side of the propeller (90), and the propeller (90) is fixedly connected to the propeller shaft (19) via a hexagonal nut; The surface of the drive shaft (10) is located inside the bearing seat and is equipped with an O-ring, the surface of the drive shaft (10) is located at the bottom of the O-ring and is equipped with a needle roller bearing three, the surface of the drive shaft (10) is located at the bottom of the needle roller bearing three and is equipped with a shim, and the surface of the drive shaft (10) is located at the bottom of the shim and is equipped with a thrust bearing.

2. The inboard engine underwater assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water pump inner casing is mounted on the surface of the drive shaft (10), a water pump impeller assembly is mounted on the surface of the drive shaft (10), a water pump impeller gasket is mounted on the surface of the drive shaft (10), an oil seal cover is mounted on the surface of the drive shaft (10), and a bearing seat is mounted on the surface of the drive shaft (10).

3. The inboard engine underwater assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: A water pump housing is mounted on the surface of the drive shaft (10), the water pump inner shell is located at the bottom of the water pump housing, and the water pump housing is fixedly connected to the underwater housing (1) via bolts.

4. The inboard motor underwater assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water pump impeller assembly is located inside the water pump inner shell, the water pump impeller gasket is located at the bottom of the water pump impeller assembly, the oil seal cover is located at the bottom of the water pump impeller gasket, and the bearing seat is located at the bottom of the oil seal cover.

5. The method for processing the underwater housing cover of an inboard motor underwater assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: S1: First, the underwater housing cover (26) is placed on a lathe and clamped by a fixture; S2: Next, the underwater housing cover (26) is machined in one pass using a custom barbed tool.

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