A hyperspectral polarization imaging lidar system with co-aperture for transmitting and receiving

Abstract

The present application discloses a common-aperture hyperspectral polarization imaging laser radar system for transmitting and receiving, which relates to the field of imaging laser radar. The system includes: a laser emitting unit, an off-axis three-mirror telescope unit, a spectroscopic unit, a laser ranging unit and an imaging unit; the laser emitting unit emits a laser signal, the off-axis three-mirror telescope unit reflects the laser signal to the detection target to form a mixed signal and reflects it into the spectroscopic unit, the spectroscopic unit separates the mixed signal to form two signals in different directions; one signal is a laser echo signal, and the other signal is a visible light signal; the laser ranging unit receives the laser echo signal and detects it to obtain the distance information of the target, and the imaging unit receives the visible light signal and detects it to obtain the hyperspectral image and polarization image of the detection target. The present application solves the problem of consistency matching between hyperspectral imaging and laser far-field spot, and at the same time realizes the miniaturization and lightweight of the overall system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of imaging laser radar, and in particular to a high-spectral polarization imaging laser radar system with a common aperture for transmission and reception. Background Art

[0002] Target detection and recognition technology plays an important role in remote sensing, telemetry, security monitoring and other fields. Among the main technical means at present, LiDAR technology can obtain high-resolution three-dimensional information of the target through active ranging, which has great advantages for quickly locating the target in a complex environment. However, LiDAR technology itself lacks spectral feature data, which limits its ability to reveal camouflaged targets; passive hyperspectral imaging technology can provide continuous narrow-band image data, which contains rich chemical composition information and helps to identify the characteristics of different materials. Especially in the identification of camouflaged targets, hyperspectral technology can identify the type of material by analyzing the spectral curve of the camouflaged material; polarization imaging technology can further obtain physical property information related to surface texture, roughness, material dielectric constant, etc., which is crucial to improving the accuracy of target recognition. Therefore, how to effectively combine active and passive imaging technologies has become a research hotspot and a problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0003] Hyperspectral polarization imaging lidar technology combines the advantages of hyperspectral polarization imaging and lidar ranging, and can simultaneously obtain three-dimensional structural information and polarization spectrum information of ground objects on the same platform, which is of great significance for applications in the field of remote sensing. However, the avalanche photo diode (APD) array detection units on the market are relatively small, and the amount of data is limited, and usually only dozens of spectral bands can be detected. This limits the performance of hyperspectral lidar in complex environments because it needs to process a large amount of spectral data for effective image reconstruction and analysis. The high-speed analog signal obtained by APD is susceptible to various interferences, such as electromagnetic interference, environmental noise, etc. These factors will affect the quality of the signal, thereby reducing the quality of the final spectral image. This low signal-to-noise ratio makes it more difficult to extract useful information from the raw data, so the active and passive combination method is still an effective way to achieve the simultaneous acquisition of spatial information and polarization spectrum information.

[0004] The currently commonly used active and passive combination method is mainly to install a laser radar and a hyperspectral imager on the same carrier platform for simultaneous observation, and then perform data assimilation through complex processing algorithms. This traditional co-platform separation method is easy to assemble, but due to the non-uniform measurement benchmark, the consistency and stability of the optical axis are difficult to guarantee. The misalignment of the measurement pointing of the two sensors, the error transmission amplification, and the non-coincidence of the coordinate systems are inevitable, resulting in poor consistency matching accuracy of the remote sensing target in the far field or even no matching. In addition, the two sensors are separated, and it is difficult to share the volume, weight, and power consumption. The huge space, power consumption, and load-bearing overhead are also difficult to solve for flying carriers such as air vehicles and space vehicles. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a hyperspectral polarization imaging lidar system with a common aperture for transmission and reception, so as to solve the problem of consistency matching between hyperspectral imaging and laser far-field spot and the problem of bulky and heavy system volume.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solutions:

[0007] The present application provides a high-spectral polarization imaging laser radar system with a common aperture for transmission and reception, and the high-spectral polarization imaging laser radar system with a common aperture for transmission and reception comprises: a laser emission unit, an off-axis three-mirror telescope unit, a light splitting unit, a laser ranging unit and an imaging unit;

[0008] A laser emitting unit, used for emitting laser signals;

[0009] An off-axis three-mirror telescope unit, located on the outgoing optical path of the laser signal, is used to reflect the laser signal to the detection target to form a mixed signal, and reflect the mixed signal into the spectroscopic unit; the mixed signal includes a laser echo signal and a visible light signal;

[0010] The optical splitting unit is located on the outgoing optical path of the mixed signal, and is used to separate the mixed signal into two signals in different directions; wherein one signal is a laser echo signal, and the other signal is a visible light signal;

[0011] The laser distance measuring unit is located on the outgoing optical path of the laser echo signal, and is used to receive the laser echo signal and detect the laser echo signal to obtain the distance information of the detected target;

[0012] The imaging unit is located on the outgoing light path of the visible light signal, and is used to receive and detect the visible light signal to obtain a hyperspectral image and a polarization image of the detection target.

[0013] Optionally, the laser emitting unit comprises a laser, a beam expander, a first reflector and a two-dimensional scanning mirror; the laser, the beam expander and the first reflector are located on the same optical path, and the two-dimensional scanning mirror is located on an optical path perpendicular to the optical path where the first reflector is located;

[0014] The laser emits a laser signal, which is expanded by the beam expander and then reflected by the first reflector to reach the two-dimensional scanning mirror, and then scanned and deflected by the two-dimensional scanning mirror to enter the off-axis three-mirror telescope unit.

[0015] Optionally, the light splitting unit comprises: a color separation plate, a second reflector and a slit; the color separation plate is located on the outgoing light path of the mixed signal, the second reflector is located on the outgoing light path of the visible light signal, and the slit is located on the outgoing light path of the second reflector;

[0016] The laser echo signal and the visible light signal are separated into two paths through the color separation plate, the laser echo signal enters the laser ranging unit, the visible light signal is deflected to the slit through the second reflector, and is received by the imaging unit after passing through the slit.

[0017] Optionally, the laser ranging unit is a photoelectric detector.

[0018] Optionally, the photodetector is a unit APD detector, a unit PMT detector, an array APD detector or an array PMT detector.

[0019] Optionally, the imaging unit comprises an Offner spectroscopic subsystem and an imaging detector; the Offner spectroscopic subsystem is located between the slit and the imaging detector;

[0020] The visible light signal is divided into light signals of multiple spectral channels by the Offner spectroscopic subsystem, and the imaging detector detects the light signals of different spectral channels to obtain corresponding hyperspectral images and polarization images.

[0021] Optionally, the Offner spectroscopic subsystem is a convex grating concentric structure imaging spectrometer.

[0022] Optionally, the laser is a semiconductor laser or a fiber laser.

[0023] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application discloses the following technical effects:

[0024] The present application provides a hyperspectral polarization imaging lidar system with a common aperture for transmission and reception, so that the laser transmission and receiving parts share an off-axis three-mirror telescope unit with the hyperspectral imaging part, realizing the common aperture for transmission and reception, thereby improving the level of miniaturization and lightweight of the system; and separating the visible light signal from the laser echo signal through a color separation plate, integrating the line scanning hyperspectral imaging and laser ranging optical paths, realizing the hyperspectral-lidar imaging field of view and pixel matching from the optical structure, realizing the synchronous detection of hyperspectral information, polarization information and distance information, realizing the precise matching of hyperspectral polarization images and lidar point clouds in time and space, and effectively solving the problem of consistency matching between hyperspectral polarization imaging and laser far-field light spot; in addition, in order to obtain information more effectively and accurately, an Offner spectroscopic unit is used in the hyperspectral remote sensing task, which has a simple and compact configuration, further improving the compactness of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a hyperspectral polarization imaging laser radar system with a common aperture for transmission and reception in one embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 An imaging flow chart of a hyperspectral polarization imaging laser radar system with a common aperture for transmission and reception provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a laser ranging unit of a hyperspectral polarization imaging laser radar system with a common aperture for transmission and reception provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the hyperspectral polarization imaging structure of a hyperspectral polarization imaging LiDAR system with a common aperture for transmission and reception provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Explanation of symbols:

[0031] 1-laser emitting unit, 11-laser, 12-beam expander, 13-first reflector, 14-two-dimensional scanning mirror; 2-off-axis three-mirror telescope unit, 21-first primary mirror, 22-first primary mirror, 23-first third mirror; 3-spectrometer unit, 31-color separation plate, 32-second reflector, 33-slit; 4-laser ranging unit; 51-Offner spectrometer system, 511-second primary mirror, 512-second secondary mirror, 513-second third mirror, 52-imaging detector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, a hyperspectral polarization imaging laser radar system with a common aperture for transmission and reception is provided, and the hyperspectral polarization imaging laser radar system with a common aperture for transmission and reception comprises: a laser emitting unit 1, an off-axis three-mirror telescope unit 2, a light splitting unit 3, a laser ranging unit 4 and an imaging unit. The imaging flowchart of the hyperspectral polarization imaging laser radar system with a common aperture for transmission and reception is shown in FIG. Figure 2 shown.

[0035] The laser emitting unit 1 is used for emitting laser signals.

[0036] Specifically, the laser emitting unit 1 includes a laser 11, a beam expander 12, a first reflector 13 and a two-dimensional scanning mirror 14; the laser 11, the beam expander 12 and the first reflector 13 are located on the same optical path, and the two-dimensional scanning mirror 14 is located on an optical path perpendicular to the optical path where the first reflector 13 is located. Among them, the laser 11 is used to generate laser light; the beam expander 12 is used to expand the diameter of the laser beam and reduce the divergence angle of the laser beam; the first reflector 13 is used to fold the optical path; the two-dimensional scanning mirror 14 integrates two mirrors, one polygonal prism is responsible for lateral rotation, and the other is responsible for longitudinal flipping, so that scanning in two directions can be achieved with one laser beam, and the same line beam scanning effect can be achieved with fewer laser transceiver modules.

[0037] like Figure 1As shown, the laser 11 emits a laser signal, which is expanded by the beam expander 12 and then reflected by the first reflector 13 to reach the two-dimensional scanning mirror 14 , and is scanned and deflected by the two-dimensional scanning mirror 14 to enter the off-axis three-mirror telescope unit 2 .

[0038] As an optional implementation, the laser 11 is a semiconductor laser or a fiber laser. Preferably, the laser 11 is a 1064nm semiconductor laser or a fiber laser, and the working mode is a pulse mode.

[0039] The off-axis three-mirror telescope unit 2 is located on the outgoing optical path of the laser signal, and is used to reflect the laser signal to the detection target to form a mixed signal, and reflect the mixed signal into the spectroscopic unit 3; the mixed signal includes a laser echo signal and a visible light signal.

[0040] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the off-axis three-mirror telescope unit 2 is composed of a first main mirror 21, a first sub-mirror 22 and a first third mirror 23, and the first main mirror 21, the first sub-mirror 22 and the first third mirror 23 are all reflectors, which can fold the optical path. The main advantage is that the off-axis aberration can be eliminated and the imaging quality can be improved. The off-axis three-mirror telescope unit 2 can realize the common aperture of transmission and reception, and is used to transmit and receive optical signals. At the same time, the off-axis three-mirror telescope unit 2 has the advantages of no obstruction, no chromatic aberration, foldable optical path, and easy to lighten. It can realize long focal length and large field of view at the same time, and there is no central obstruction, and the modulation transfer function is high. It can meet the requirements of space-to-earth remote sensing, infrared system multi-band detection and space detection system, so that the optical system has the characteristics of high resolution, miniaturization and lightness.

[0041] The optical splitter unit 3 is located on the outgoing optical path of the mixed signal and is used to separate the mixed signal into two signals in different directions. Figure 1 As shown, one signal is a laser echo signal and the other signal is a visible light signal.

[0042] Specifically, the spectroscopic unit 3 includes: a color separation plate 31, a second reflector 32 and a slit 33; the color separation plate 31 is located on the outgoing light path of the mixed signal, the second reflector 32 is located on the outgoing light path of the visible light signal, and the slit 33 is located on the outgoing light path of the second reflector 32.

[0043] The laser echo signal and the visible light signal are separated into two paths through the color separation plate 31. The laser echo signal enters the laser ranging unit 4. The visible light signal is deflected to the slit 33 through the second reflector 32 and is received by the imaging unit after passing through the slit 33. The optical path diagram of laser ranging is shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The optical path corresponding to the black arrow is the optical path of the laser signal emitted by the laser, and the optical path corresponding to the red arrow is the optical path of the laser echo signal.

[0044] Among them, the color separation sheet 31 can realize the separation of visible light signal and laser echo signal, and solve the problem of consistency matching between hyperspectral polarization imaging and laser far spot. Among them, for the active and passive fusion technology of traditional laser point cloud and hyperspectral image, due to the inconsistency of the measurement benchmarks of the two sensors, it may lead to poor consistency matching accuracy of the detection target far field or even the phenomenon of inability to match, and affect the detection result. The hyperspectral polarization and laser radar common optical path imaging technology adopts the design of the common optical path detection structure of hyperspectral polarization information and laser pulse signal to obtain the hyperspectral polarization radiation information and laser echo signal from the same position of the ground object target, and use the spectrometer to separate the two signals, and then use the online processing technology to realize the synchronous detection and reception of the two signals, so as to realize hyperspectral polarization imaging detection and laser ranging respectively. This hyperspectral polarization and laser radar common optical path imaging technology can effectively ensure the synchronous acquisition of data in detection time and detection position, realize the precise matching of hyperspectral polarization image and laser radar point cloud in time and space, effectively solve the problem of consistency matching between hyperspectral polarization imaging and laser far field spot, and realize the integrated detection of target space-hyperspectral polarization information.

[0045] The slit 33 is used to obtain a coherent light source with good coherence. The advantages of the slit 33 are as follows: the spectrometer slit 33 can limit only light in a specific direction to pass through, thereby reducing the entry of ambient light or stray light from other directions, ensuring that only the light of interest can accurately enter the spectrometer, which helps to reduce background interference and improve the accuracy of measurement. By adjusting the size and position of the slit 33, the angle range of light entering the spectrometer or camera can be controlled, thereby affecting the spectral resolution of the spectral imaging system. The narrower slit 33 can make the incident light more concentrated, thereby improving the spectral resolution, allowing the spectrometer to more accurately distinguish light of different frequencies, and provide more accurate data for subsequent spectral analysis. The use of the slit 33 can reduce the interference of background stray light on imaging, especially in a darker environment, the slit 33 can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio and improve the imaging quality. In addition, the slit 33 can also reduce the background noise in the spectrometer, remove the cornerstone background signal, and further improve the sample signal-to-noise ratio, which is particularly important for the measurement of weak signals.

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, the laser distance measuring unit 4 is located on the outgoing optical path of the laser echo signal, and is used to receive the laser echo signal and detect the laser echo signal to obtain the distance information of the detected target.

[0047] As an optional embodiment, the laser ranging unit 4 is a photodetector, which is used to receive laser signals, measure through a time-to-digital converter TDC, and measure the distance by recording the time required from laser emission to return. The photodetector can be a unit APD detector, a unit PMT detector, an array APD detector, or an array PMT detector, which is not limited here.

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, the imaging unit is located on the outgoing optical path of the visible light signal, and is used to receive the visible light signal and detect the visible light signal to obtain a hyperspectral image and a polarization image of the detected target. The optical path diagram for completing hyperspectral polarization imaging based on the visible light signal is shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The light path corresponding to the green arrow is the light path of the visible light signal.

[0049] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the imaging unit includes an Offner spectroscopic subsystem 51 and an imaging detector 52; the Offner spectroscopic subsystem 51 is located between the slit 33 and the imaging detector 52. The Offner spectroscopic subsystem 51 is composed of a second primary mirror 511, a secondary mirror 512 and a second third mirror 513, wherein the second secondary mirror 512 is a convex grating for spectroscopic effect, and the second primary mirror 511 and the second third mirror 513 are reflectors for folding the optical path.

[0050] The visible light signal is divided into light signals of multiple spectral channels by the Offner spectroscopic subsystem 51 , and the imaging detector 52 detects the light signals of different spectral channels to obtain corresponding hyperspectral images and polarization images.

[0051] In order to obtain information more effectively and accurately, as an optional implementation, the Offner spectroscopic subsystem 51 is a convex grating concentric structure imaging spectrometer. Convex grating concentric structure imaging spectrometers are used in hyperspectral remote sensing tasks. They have simple and compact configurations, and have the advantages of high imaging quality, high signal-to-noise ratio, low spectral line bending and low color distortion in the entire spectral range of the system. In addition, the volume and mass are smaller than those of planar grating imaging spectrometers, which is conducive to improving the compactness of the system.

[0052] As an optional implementation, the imaging detector 52 uses a polarization detector integrated with a CCD or CMOS and a micro-polarizer to obtain hyperspectral and polarization information of the imaging object.

[0053] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, Figure 1As shown, the transmitting and receiving common aperture hyperspectral polarization imaging lidar system includes a laser 11, a beam expander 12, a first reflector 13, a two-dimensional scanning mirror 14, an off-axis three-mirror telescope unit 2, a color separation plate 31, a photodetector, a second reflector 32, a slit 33, an Offner spectroscopic subsystem 51 and an imaging detector 52.

[0054] Specifically, the laser 11 emits a laser signal, which is expanded by the beam expander 12 and folded by the first reflector 13 before being irradiated onto the two-dimensional scanning mirror 14. The signal is reflected by the two-dimensional scanning mirror 14 and enters the off-axis three-mirror telescope unit 2, and irradiates the imaging object through the off-axis three-mirror telescope unit 2. The laser echo signal and the visible light signal reflected by the imaging object enter the off-axis three-mirror telescope unit 2 together, and are separated by the color separation plate 31. The laser echo signal enters the laser ranging unit 4 and is received by the photodetector to obtain the three-dimensional and distance information of the target object; the visible light signal is folded by the second reflector 32, enters the Offner spectroscopic subsystem 51 through the slit 33, and is received by the imaging detector 52 to obtain a hyperspectral image and a polarization image of the detected target.

[0055] The Offner spectroscopic subsystem 51 is used to split the optical signal of the detection target, and divides the optical signal into 50 spectral channels using a convex grating; the imaging detector 52 is used to receive signal light from different spectral channels, and simultaneously obtain information in four polarization directions of 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° using a polarization detector, so as to calculate polarization images of different spectrum bands using an algorithm and generate spectral images and polarization images through algorithm analysis. According to the Stokes formula, the polarization degree and polarization angle can be calculated through the polarization information of the four polarization directions to obtain a polarization image.

[0056] The Stokes parameter is the difference in the intensity of light waves in different directions, so it is more sensitive to polarization detection. This parameter is also called the Stokes vector, and its expression is as follows:

[0057] (1)

[0058] in, is the total intensity of polarized light, Describes the horizontal or vertical linear polarization component, describe Linear polarization component, Describes the relative components of left-handed and right-handed rotations; x indicates that the electric vector is in the x direction; y indicates that the electric vector is in the y direction. Indicates the amplitude in the x direction; Indicates the amplitude in the y direction; express and The phase difference between It represents the light intensity when the angle between the transmission axis and the x-axis is 0°; It represents the light intensity when the angle between the transmission axis and the x-axis is 90°; It represents the light intensity when the angle between the transmission axis and the x-axis is 45°; It represents the light intensity when the angle between the transmission axis and the x-axis is 135°; for any polarized light, we have:

[0059] (2)

[0060] The equality in the above equation holds only for the fully polarized state.

[0061] The Stokes vector can describe any polarization state of polarized light, including the degree of polarization (DoP), degree of linear polarization (DoLP), degree of circular polarization (DoCP), the major axis of the ellipse and the The angle between the two axes is called the angle of polarization (AoP). The calculation formulas are as follows:

[0062]

[0063] Beneficial effects of this application:

[0064] 1) The hyperspectral polarization imaging lidar system with a common aperture for transmission and reception in the present application enables the laser transmitting and receiving parts to share an off-axis three-mirror telescope unit with the hyperspectral imaging part, thus realizing a common aperture for transmission and reception, thereby improving the level of miniaturization and lightweight of the system, and separating the visible light signal from the laser echo signal through a color separation plate, integrating the line scanning hyperspectral imaging and laser ranging optical paths, and realizing hyperspectral-lidar imaging field of view and pixel matching from the perspective of optical structure.

[0065] 2) This application uses an imaging detector and a photoelectric detector to detect hyperspectral polarization information and distance information respectively. The imaging detector obtains spectral and polarization images with high signal-to-noise ratio through a longer integration time; the photoelectric ranging detector obtains the distance information from the target pixel to the system pixel, solving the problem of low signal-to-noise ratio of traditional lidar detectors.

[0066] 3) This application integrates hyperspectral polarization with the common optical path of LiDAR, achieving miniaturization and lightweight of the entire system.

[0067] 4) This application realizes the synchronous detection of hyperspectral information, polarization information and distance information, which makes up for the deficiency that active detection of lidar and passive polarization spectral imaging cannot simultaneously detect spatial information and two-dimensional spectral polarization information.

[0068] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0069] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting this application.

Claims

1. A hyperspectral polarization imaging laser radar system with a common aperture for transmission and reception, characterized in that: The transmitting and receiving common aperture hyperspectral polarization imaging laser radar system comprises: a laser transmitting unit, an off-axis three-mirror telescope unit, a spectroscopic unit, a laser ranging unit and an imaging unit; A laser emitting unit, used for emitting laser signals; An off-axis three-mirror telescope unit, located on the outgoing optical path of the laser signal, is used to reflect the laser signal to the detection target to form a mixed signal, and reflect the mixed signal into the spectroscopic unit; the mixed signal includes a laser echo signal and a visible light signal; The optical splitting unit is located on the outgoing optical path of the mixed signal and is used to separate the mixed signal into two signals in different directions; wherein one signal is a laser echo signal and the other signal is a visible light signal; The laser distance measuring unit is located on the outgoing optical path of the laser echo signal, and is used to receive the laser echo signal and detect the laser echo signal to obtain the distance information of the detected target; The imaging unit is located on the outgoing light path of the visible light signal, and is used to receive and detect the visible light signal to obtain a hyperspectral image and a polarization image of the detection target; The laser emitting unit comprises a laser, a beam expander, a first reflector and a two-dimensional scanning mirror; the laser, the beam expander and the first reflector are located on the same optical path, and the two-dimensional scanning mirror is located on an optical path perpendicular to the optical path where the first reflector is located; The laser emits a laser signal, which is expanded by the beam expander and then reflected by the first reflector to reach the two-dimensional scanning mirror, and then scanned and deflected by the two-dimensional scanning mirror to enter the off-axis three-mirror telescope unit; The light splitting unit comprises: a color separation plate, a second reflector and a slit; the color separation plate is located on the outgoing light path of the mixed signal, the second reflector is located on the outgoing light path of the visible light signal, and the slit is located on the outgoing light path of the second reflector; The laser echo signal and the visible light signal are separated into two paths through the color separation plate, the laser echo signal enters the laser ranging unit, the visible light signal is deflected to the slit through the second reflector, and is received by the imaging unit after passing through the slit; The imaging unit comprises an Offner spectroscopic subsystem and an imaging detector; the Offner spectroscopic subsystem is located between the slit and the imaging detector; The visible light signal is divided into light signals of multiple spectral channels by the Offner spectroscopic subsystem, and the imaging detector detects the light signals of different spectral channels to obtain corresponding hyperspectral images and polarization images; The imaging detector uses a polarization detector integrated with a CCD or CMOS and a micro-polarizer to obtain the hyperspectral and polarization information of the imaging object; the polarization detector is used to receive signal light from different spectral channels and simultaneously obtain information in four polarization directions of 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° to generate spectral images and polarization images.

2. The transmitting and receiving common aperture hyperspectral polarization imaging laser radar system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The laser distance measuring unit is a photoelectric detector.

3. The hyperspectral polarization imaging laser radar system with a common aperture for transmission and reception according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The photoelectric detector is a unit APD detector, a unit PMT detector, an array APD detector or an array PMT detector.

4. The hyperspectral polarization imaging laser radar system with a common aperture for transmission and reception according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Offner spectroscopic subsystem is a convex grating concentric structure imaging spectrometer.

5. The transmitting and receiving common aperture hyperspectral polarization imaging laser radar system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser is a semiconductor laser or a fiber laser.

Images