Intelligent blood pressure monitoring device and method for old patient with atrial fibrillation

Abstract

The invention relates to an intelligent blood pressure monitoring device and method for an old atrial fibrillation patient. The device comprises a blood pressure measuring module, an electrocardiogram measuring module and a processing module. The blood pressure measuring module is used for measuring arterial blood pressure data of a target object; the electrocardiogram measurement module is used for collecting electrocardiogram data of a target object and generating electrocardiogram data; and the processing module is used for performing time alignment on the electrocardiogram data and the arterial blood pressure data, dynamically adjusting the measurement frequency and duration of the blood pressure measurement module based on the change of the electrocardiogram data, and selecting the arterial blood pressure data which meets the time interval requirement and is slightly influenced by atrial fibrillation as measurement data. By combining the electrocardiogram data, the stable period of the heart rhythm can be identified, and the reliability and practicability of the measurement result are ensured. According to the invention, by dynamically adjusting the measurement frequency and duration and selecting data which is slightly influenced by atrial fibrillation, the unnecessary measurement times are effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the accuracy of blood pressure data is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of blood pressure monitoring, and in particular to an intelligent blood pressure monitoring device and method for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. Background Art

[0002] Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), especially elderly patients, may show some special conditions in terms of blood pressure that are different from those of general patients. Understanding these special conditions can help better monitor and manage patients' blood pressure, prevent complications, and improve treatment outcomes. Typical characteristics of blood pressure in patients with AF include: (1) Large fluctuations in blood pressure: AF causes irregular heartbeats, large changes in cardiac output, and is prone to blood pressure fluctuations. Due to irregular heart contractions, a transient increase in blood pressure may sometimes occur. (2) Pseudohypotension: Due to irregular heartbeats, traditional blood pressure measurement methods may be inaccurate, resulting in measured values ​​lower than the actual value. This condition is called pseudohypotension. Although some measured values ​​show low blood pressure, the actual effective blood pressure may be normal or high. (3) Hypertension comorbidity: Hypertension combined with atrial fibrillation: Hypertension is one of the important risk factors for atrial fibrillation. Elderly patients often suffer from both hypertension and atrial fibrillation, which further increases the difficulty of management. (4) Increased pulse pressure difference: Atrial fibrillation causes inconsistent cardiac output at each contraction, which may lead to an increase in the pulse pressure difference between systolic and diastolic pressures. This situation requires special attention, because the increase in pulse pressure difference may increase the risk of cardiovascular events. (5) Changes in blood pressure at night: Some patients with atrial fibrillation may experience hypertension at night. (6) No hypotensive phenomenon: Some patients cannot experience a natural drop in blood pressure at night like normal people, which increases the risk of cardiovascular events.

[0003] Due to the large fluctuations in blood pressure, patients with atrial fibrillation require more frequent blood pressure monitoring, which is generally performed continuously using smart blood pressure monitoring devices. In order to obtain more accurate blood pressure data, multiple measurements are taken and averaged, especially in the case of irregular heartbeats. The accuracy and reliability of smart blood pressure monitoring devices may be affected in the case of irregular heartbeats. The irregular heart rate of patients with atrial fibrillation may cause increased errors in measurements with traditional blood pressure monitors. Therefore, even if multiple measurements are averaged, the measurement errors caused by irregular heartbeats may not be completely eliminated, which requires more advanced data processing algorithms and analysis tools to correctly interpret the measurement results and avoid misjudgments and misdiagnoses.

[0004] The patent document with publication number CN117017246A discloses a blood pressure measurement system, method and device, which are used to determine the blood pressure of patients with atrial fibrillation based on arterial blood pressure and beat-by-beat blood pressure information, and improve the accuracy of blood pressure measurement of patients with atrial fibrillation. The application provides a blood pressure measurement system, including a blood pressure meter, which also includes: an atrial fibrillation detection module, which is used to obtain arterial blood pressure information of a preset detection period of a measured target through the blood pressure meter, determine whether atrial fibrillation occurs in the measured target within the preset detection period based on the arterial blood pressure information, and notify the blood pressure measurement control module of the judgment result; the blood pressure measurement control module is used to control the blood pressure meter to continue to detect the measured target for a preset time when the judgment result output by the atrial fibrillation detection module indicates that atrial fibrillation occurs in the preset detection period, and obtain the beat-by-beat blood pressure information of the measured target within the preset time, and determine the systolic pressure and / or diastolic pressure of the measured target based on the beat-by-beat blood pressure information. For patients with atrial fibrillation, the blood pressure measurement system relies on the arterial blood pressure information obtained by the blood pressure meter to determine whether atrial fibrillation occurs. Since atrial fibrillation may cause irregular blood pressure waveforms, this atrial fibrillation detection method based on blood pressure waveforms may have misjudgments or missed judgments. During atrial fibrillation, irregular heart rhythm may cause large fluctuations in beat-by-beat blood pressure information, which may affect the reliability of beat-by-beat blood pressure information. In addition, if atrial fibrillation causes a significant decrease in cardiac output, the beat-by-beat blood pressure information may not accurately reflect the patient's true blood pressure level. Because the duration and severity of atrial fibrillation may vary greatly among different patients. The preset detection duration may not cover all possible blood pressure fluctuations. Therefore, the blood pressure data measured by this blood pressure measurement system still has errors, and patients with atrial fibrillation themselves cannot identify whether their blood pressure is accurate.

[0005] Patent document with publication number CN105662382A discloses a display method and system of an oscillometric electronic sphygmomanometer; wherein the display method includes: sampling the cuff airbag pressure data during the oscillometric blood pressure measurement process to obtain the sampled data of the cuff airbag pressure; extracting the oscillation pressure data of the arterial blood vessels at the measured part from the sampled data; drawing the test oscillation waveform according to the corresponding relationship between the oscillation pressure data and the measurement time, and displaying it. The display method of the invention displays the oscillation waveform of the arterial blood vessels under the cuff airbag pressure in a graphical manner by sampling the cuff airbag pressure data and the oscillation pressure data of the arterial blood vessels at the measured part. The measurer can intuitively perceive the oscillation of the arterial blood vessels at the measured part under different pressure conditions during the entire measurement process, thereby timely discovering interference or abnormality in the measurement process, which is helpful for making a correct diagnosis. However, if the system is used to measure the blood pressure of patients with atrial fibrillation, problems that may occur include: (1) The heartbeat of patients with atrial fibrillation is usually irregular, which will cause irregular changes in the oscillation waveform and make it difficult to form a stable waveform. Irregular waveforms may make it difficult for the sphygmomanometer to accurately identify the correspondence between cuff pressure and arterial oscillation pressure, thus affecting the accuracy of the measurement results. (2) Due to the irregular heart rhythm caused by atrial fibrillation, the pulse interval time becomes uneven and the pulse wave amplitude varies greatly. The oscillometric method relies on uniform pulse intervals to extract stable oscillation pressure data. Uneven pulse intervals interfere with data extraction and analysis, resulting in measurement errors. (3) Atrial fibrillation causes large fluctuations in arterial oscillation pressure data, and even significant changes in a short period of time. This volatility makes it difficult for the sphygmomanometer to determine accurate systolic and diastolic pressure values, because traditional algorithms assume that changes in oscillation pressure data are relatively stable.

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned defects, the present invention provides an intelligent blood pressure monitoring device and method for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation, so as to avoid obtaining erroneous blood pressure data caused by false hypotension.

[0007] In addition, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding among those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the applicant studied a large number of documents and patents when making the present invention, but due to space limitations, not all details and contents are listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not have the characteristics of these prior arts. On the contrary, the present invention already has all the characteristics of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background technology. Summary of the invention

[0008] Due to the significant fluctuations in blood pressure, patients with atrial fibrillation need more frequent blood pressure monitoring, usually with the help of smart blood pressure monitoring devices for continuous monitoring. In order to obtain more accurate blood pressure data, especially in the case of arrhythmia, multiple measurements need to be taken and the average calculated. The accuracy and reliability of smart blood pressure monitoring devices may be affected to a certain extent in the case of irregular heartbeats. Since patients with atrial fibrillation have an irregular heart rate, the measurement error of traditional blood pressure monitors may increase. Therefore, even if the average is taken through multiple measurements, it may be difficult to completely eliminate the measurement error caused by irregular heartbeats. This requires the use of more advanced data processing algorithms and analysis tools to accurately interpret the measurement results to prevent misjudgments and misdiagnoses.

[0009] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides, from a first aspect, an intelligent blood pressure monitoring device for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation, comprising a blood pressure measurement module, an electrocardiogram measurement module and a processing module. The blood pressure measurement module is used to measure the arterial blood pressure data of the target object; the electrocardiogram measurement module is used to collect the electrocardiogram data of the target object and generate the electrocardiogram data; the processing module is used to time-align the electrocardiogram data with the arterial blood pressure data, and dynamically adjust the measurement frequency and duration of the blood pressure measurement module based on the changes in the electrocardiogram data, and select the arterial blood pressure data that meets the time interval requirements and is less affected by atrial fibrillation as the measurement data.

[0010] Because patients with atrial fibrillation have irregular heart rhythms, traditional fixed-frequency measurements often fail to capture accurate blood pressure values. By combining electrocardiogram data, the device can identify the stable period of heart rhythm and perform measurements, ensuring the reliability and practicality of the measurement results. The present invention effectively reduces the number of unnecessary measurements and improves the accuracy of blood pressure data by dynamically adjusting the measurement frequency and duration and selecting data that is less affected by atrial fibrillation.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module determines the stability of the RR interval in the electrocardiogram data and determines the arterial blood pressure value in real time when the RR interval is stable; and / or the processing module determines at least one arterial blood pressure value and its average value within a time period when the RR interval is stable.

[0012] The stability of the RR interval directly reflects the stability of the heart rate. When the heart rate is stable, the blood pressure is also relatively stable, so more accurate data can be obtained by measuring during this period. In addition, calculating the average value further enhances the stability and representativeness of the data and reduces the possible errors in a single measurement. By performing real-time measurement when the RR interval is stable, the present invention can avoid the influence of arrhythmia on blood pressure data and improve the accuracy of the measured data.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module selects the arterial blood pressure value when the P wave in the electrocardiogram data is clear and continuous.

[0014] The stability of the RR interval directly reflects the stability of the heart rate. When the heart rate is stable, the blood pressure is also relatively stable, so measuring during this period can obtain more accurate data. In addition, calculating the average value further enhances the stability and representativeness of the data and reduces the possible errors in a single measurement.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module identifies atrial fibrillation based on the electrocardiogram data and determines the arterial blood pressure data during a stable period after the end of the atrial fibrillation cycle.

[0016] After the atrial fibrillation cycle ends, the heart activity tends to stabilize, and measuring blood pressure at this time can better reflect the patient's actual blood pressure status. By identifying the atrial fibrillation cycle and choosing to measure during its stable period, a more realistic blood pressure value can be captured. Therefore, measuring blood pressure during the stable period after the atrial fibrillation cycle ends can reduce the interference of arrhythmia on blood pressure measurement, thereby improving the reliability of the measurement results.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module screens the arterial blood pressure data determined in real time based on a heart rate threshold and a heart rate variability threshold, thereby deleting inaccurate arterial blood pressure data.

[0018] By screening inaccurate blood pressure data, the processing module can effectively filter out abnormal data and ensure the accuracy and consistency of the final measurement results. This is because the heart rate threshold and heart rate variability threshold can help identify unreliable data caused by large heart rate fluctuations or high heart rate variability. By setting these thresholds, the processing module can identify and exclude this data, thereby improving the overall data quality.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment, when the RR interval change rate of the electrocardiogram data increases, the processing module increases the measurement frequency of the blood pressure measurement module to obtain more arterial blood pressure change information.

[0020] An increase in the RR interval change rate usually means a greater fluctuation in heart rate. By increasing the measurement frequency, the real-time changes in blood pressure can be more accurately reflected. This method is particularly suitable for patients with atrial fibrillation because their RR interval change rate is usually higher. By increasing the measurement frequency, the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment can be improved. Therefore, increasing the measurement frequency when the RR interval change rate increases can capture more details of blood pressure changes and provide more comprehensive information for subsequent data analysis.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment, when the P wave amplitude of the electrocardiogram data fluctuates significantly, the processing module prolongs the measurement time of the blood pressure measurement module to ensure that more stable arterial blood pressure data is obtained.

[0022] The fluctuation of P wave amplitude directly reflects the stability of atrial activity. When the P wave amplitude fluctuates significantly, atrial activity may be unstable and the blood pressure measurement results may be inaccurate. By extending the measurement time, the stable blood pressure value of patients with atrial fibrillation can be better captured. Therefore, by extending the measurement time when the P wave amplitude fluctuates significantly, it is ensured that stable blood pressure data can still be obtained in the case of large fluctuations, thereby improving the reliability of the measurement.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module dynamically adjusts the measurement frequency and duration of the blood pressure measurement module based on the heart rate variability in the electrocardiogram data. When the heart rate variability shows a decreasing trend, the processing module reduces the measurement frequency of the blood pressure measurement module and extends the single measurement duration to improve the measurement comfort of the target object.

[0024] Heart rate variability is an indicator of heart rate fluctuations. When heart rate variability decreases, heart rate stabilizes and blood pressure also tends to stabilize. Therefore, reducing the measurement frequency can reduce interference and discomfort to patients and improve comfort. Extending the duration of a single measurement helps to obtain more accurate and stable blood pressure data when the heart rate is stable. This is more important for patients with atrial fibrillation because their heart rate fluctuates greatly, and the traditional frequent measurement method may lead to inaccurate data and discomfort. Through this dynamic adjustment method, the patient's blood pressure can be monitored more effectively, and the scientific nature of the measurement and patient compliance can be improved. Therefore, when heart rate variability decreases, the heart rate tends to stabilize and the blood pressure is relatively stable. At this time, reducing the measurement frequency will not affect the accuracy of the blood pressure data, and extending the duration of a single measurement can ensure more stable data. This adjustment not only reduces the discomfort caused by frequent measurements, but also improves the reliability of blood pressure monitoring.

[0025] The present invention provides a smart blood pressure monitoring method for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation from a second aspect, the method comprising: measuring the arterial blood pressure data of the target object; collecting the electrocardiogram data of the target object and generating electrocardiogram data; time-aligning the electrocardiogram data with the arterial blood pressure data, and dynamically adjusting the measurement frequency and duration of the blood pressure measurement module based on the changes in the electrocardiogram data, and selecting the arterial blood pressure data that meets the time interval requirements and is less affected by atrial fibrillation as the measurement data. By time-aligning the electrocardiogram data with the arterial blood pressure data, it is ensured that the collected electrocardiogram changes can accurately correspond to the corresponding blood pressure measurement data. This alignment method ensures the consistency of the data, making the dynamic adjustment of the measurement frequency and duration more scientifically based. According to the real-time changes in the electrocardiogram data, the blood pressure measurement frequency and duration are dynamically adjusted. This method ensures that the measurement frequency is increased when the electrocardiogram data indicates that the heart rate is relatively stable, and the measurement frequency is reduced when atrial fibrillation is severe, and the single measurement duration is extended to ensure the stability and accuracy of the measurement data. The present invention uses an intelligent blood pressure monitoring method, especially for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation, to dynamically adjust the measurement frequency and duration of the blood pressure measurement module through changes in electrocardiogram data, so that blood pressure measurements can be performed within time intervals when atrial fibrillation has a smaller impact. Specifically, when the electrocardiogram data shows that the RR interval is stable, the P wave changes slightly, or the atrial fibrillation is relatively stable, the system automatically selects these time periods for arterial blood pressure measurement. This dynamic adjustment mechanism significantly increases the measurement frequency because it utilizes the real-time changes in the patient's electrocardiogram data and avoids invalid or inaccurate measurements when atrial fibrillation is severe.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment, the method further includes: selecting arterial blood pressure data or calculating the average value of arterial blood pressure data based on the RR interval stability, P wave changes and / or atrial fibrillation in the electrocardiogram data. When the electrocardiogram data shows that the heart rate is stable and the influence of atrial fibrillation is small, the selected blood pressure data can better reflect the patient's actual blood pressure level. By analyzing the RR interval stability and P wave changes, the system can identify and filter out data points that are greatly affected by atrial fibrillation, thereby improving the accuracy of blood pressure measurement. In addition, the measurement duration is dynamically adjusted to ensure that enough valid data is obtained within the critical time period, further enhancing the reliability of the measurement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the hardware connection relationship of the intelligent blood pressure monitoring device for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation provided by the present invention in the hospitalized state;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the hardware connection relationship of the intelligent blood pressure monitoring device for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation provided by the present invention at home;

[0029] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the display interface of a terminal of an intelligent blood pressure monitoring device for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of the intelligent blood pressure monitoring device for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a logical schematic diagram of the operating principle of the intelligent blood pressure monitoring device for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 is the aortic pressure curve for a patient with atrial fibrillation and a patient with sinus rhythm.

[0033] Reference numerals list

[0034] 100: electrocardiogram measurement module; 200: blood pressure measurement module; 300: processing module; 310: reading module; 320: regulating module; 400: terminal; 410: electrocardiogram display interface; 420: arterial blood pressure value display interface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following is a detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is a common heart rhythm disorder involving rapid and irregular beating of the heart's upper chambers (atria). In AF, the atria's firing rate increases abnormally to 350 to 600 beats per minute, causing the atria to lose their ability to contract in a coordinated manner and the ventricles to beat irregularly.

[0037] Symptoms of atrial fibrillation may include palpitations, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, and presyncope. Due to the rapid and chaotic fibrillation of the atria, blood clots are easily formed in the atria, increasing the risk of complications such as embolic stroke.

[0038] Treatment of atrial fibrillation usually includes the use of drugs to control the ventricular rate, prevent thromboembolism, and sometimes convert atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm through drugs or cardioversion. In addition, the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation mainly relies on the electrocardiogram (ECG), and its characteristic manifestations include the disappearance of P waves, the appearance of small and irregular f waves (fibrillation waves) between QRS complexes, and absolute irregularity of RR intervals.

[0039] It is worth noting that the incidence of atrial fibrillation increases with age and reaches a higher proportion in people over 80 years old. The classification of atrial fibrillation includes paroxysmal, persistent, long-term persistent and permanent, and different types of atrial fibrillation require different treatment and management strategies.

[0040] Persistent atrial fibrillation is one of the independent risk factors for postural hypotension, especially for patients aged ≥60 years and with uncontrolled hypertension. Poor blood pressure control can aggravate the symptoms and make the attacks more frequent in patients with atrial fibrillation, and reduce the success rate of cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Accurate blood pressure measurement is a prerequisite for effective blood pressure management in patients with atrial fibrillation.

[0041] The hemodynamic characteristics of patients with atrial fibrillation include: irregular ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation, which leads to significant fluctuations in intra-arterial pressure. A heartbeat after a longer RR interval has a higher intra-arterial pressure, while a heartbeat after a shorter RR interval is accompanied by a lower intra-arterial pressure, which is sometimes so low that it cannot be measured. Figure 6 The aortic pressure curves of patients with atrial fibrillation and patients with sinus rhythm are shown, and it can be seen that there is a significant difference in the intra-arterial pressure curves of the two.

[0042] However, the ECG is currently used only to evaluate the accuracy of blood pressure measurement devices. For example, clinicians can evaluate the accuracy of oscillometric systolic blood pressure measurements by referring to the ventricular rate (auscultation for 30 to 60 seconds) and the pulse rate variability of three blood pressure measurements in patients with atrial fibrillation. When the ventricular rate is <90 or 100 beats / min and the pulse rate variability is <10 beats / min in three measurements, the oscillometric systolic blood pressure reading has a high reliability. However, the large size and high price of professional ECG equipment limit its use in home environments.

[0043] For patients with atrial fibrillation, this may result in the inability to obtain electrocardiogram data in a home environment, and thus the inability to associate blood pressure measurement data with heart status. This situation may increase the error of blood pressure measurement data and affect the accuracy of blood pressure monitoring. Patients with atrial fibrillation can only rely on professional medical staff to measure blood pressure in order to obtain accurate arterial blood pressure data.

[0044] Although there are some portable ECG measuring devices now, patients with atrial fibrillation cannot directly establish a data association relationship between the ECG data and the blood pressure measuring instrument. Not only that, for the newly appeared ECG and blood pressure integrated instruments on the market, they only display the ECG and arterial blood pressure values ​​on the instrument or on the terminal (such as a smartphone) at the same time. The arterial blood pressure values ​​displayed are the arterial blood pressure values ​​for ordinary patients. The arterial blood pressure values ​​have not been specially selected, and the measurement frequency and duration of arterial blood pressure have not been personalized. Therefore, the method of measuring arterial blood pressure by the ECG and blood pressure integrated instrument is the same as that of ordinary blood pressure measuring instruments, and it cannot provide accurate arterial blood pressure values ​​for patients with atrial fibrillation.

[0045] Therefore, how to provide a device and system suitable for patients with atrial fibrillation that can reduce the number of measurements and obtain accurate arterial blood pressure data is a problem that the present invention hopes to solve.

[0046] The present invention particularly provides a portable blood pressure measuring device applicable to patients with atrial fibrillation, which is applicable to the home environment of patients with atrial fibrillation. This device enables patients with atrial fibrillation to achieve accurate blood pressure measurement in a home environment, reducing dependence on professional medical staff.

[0047] The present invention also provides a blood pressure measurement system and method that can interact with a hospital system. When the analysis results of the blood pressure measurement data or electrocardiogram data of an atrial fibrillation patient involve high health risks, the system can promptly send relevant information of early warning and medical advice to the patient through the terminal 400, helping the patient to take timely measures to avoid potential dangers. This device and method not only improves the accuracy of blood pressure monitoring, but also enhances the patient's self-management ability, which helps to improve the quality of life of patients with atrial fibrillation.

[0048] This embodiment provides an intelligent blood pressure monitoring device for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. Figures 1 to 4 As shown, it includes a blood pressure measurement module 200, an electrocardiogram measurement module 100 and a processing module 300. The blood pressure measurement module 200 and the electrocardiogram measurement module 100 respectively establish communication connections with the processing module 300 in a wired or wireless manner. Preferably, the wireless manner includes WiFi communication, Bluetooth communication, etc. Preferably, an NFC communication module is also provided in the blood pressure measurement module 200 and the electrocardiogram measurement module 100. When the blood pressure measurement module 200 and the electrocardiogram measurement module 100 are respectively close to the terminal 400, when the NFC communication module in the terminal 400 is driven, the blood pressure measurement module 200 and the electrocardiogram measurement module 100 respectively send the measured data to the terminal 400 via the NFC communication method.

[0049] Preferably, if Figure 1 and Figure 5As shown, the blood pressure measurement module 200 is used to measure the arterial blood pressure data of the target object. The blood pressure measurement module 200 includes a pressure sensor, an air pump, an air release valve, a cuff, a microcontroller unit (MCU), a wireless transmission module, a power supply and a wired communication port. The air pump and the air release valve are respectively arranged at the air inlet and the air outlet of the cuff. The pressure sensor is connected to the microcontroller unit (MCU) to send the measured arterial blood pressure data to the microcontroller unit (MCU), and adjust the measurement frequency and the adjustment duration based on the control instructions of the microcontroller unit (MCU). The microcontroller unit (MCU) is respectively connected to the wireless transmission module and the wired communication port to realize information interaction with the outside world. The air pump and the air release valve are respectively connected to the microcontroller unit (MCU) to increase and release the pressure at a specified speed based on the control instructions sent by the microcontroller unit (MCU). The power supply is respectively connected to the pressure sensor, the air pump, the air release valve, the microcontroller unit (MCU), the wireless transmission module and the wired communication port to provide power to each component.

[0050] The pressure sensor is used to detect and record changes in arterial blood pressure, and usually adopts a strain gauge or a piezoelectric sensor. The inflation pump and the deflation valve are used to automatically control the inflation and slow deflation of the cuff to measure arterial fluctuations at different pressures. The cuff is an inflatable belt used to wrap around the upper arm, which is used to transmit and receive pressure signals from the artery. The microcontroller unit (MCU) receives and processes the signal from the pressure sensor and controls the operation of the inflation pump and the deflation valve. The wireless transmission module is, for example, a Bluetooth or Wi-Fi module, which is used to transmit the measured arterial blood pressure data to the processing module 300. The power supply includes a battery and a power management circuit to ensure the continuous power supply of each structure in the blood pressure measurement module 200.

[0051] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the electrocardiogram measurement module 100 is used to collect the electrocardiogram data of the target object and generate electrocardiogram data. Different from the traditional electrocardiogram measurement module 100, Figure 2 As shown, the electrocardiogram measurement module 100 in the present invention may be a portable electrocardiogram measurement module 100 for use at home by patients with atrial fibrillation.

[0052] The electrocardiogram measurement module 100 may include a plurality of electrodes, a signal amplification circuit module and a microprocessor. Preferably, the number of electrodes is at least one. Generally, the number of electrodes is two. The electrodes may be attached to the body or may be attached to the body by a wearable device. Preferably, the electrocardiogram measurement module 100 also includes a memory for storing electrocardiogram data. The signal amplification circuit module and the microprocessor are installed in the housing to capture electrocardiogram signals and form electrocardiogram data in a time-dependent manner. A power supply is provided in the electrocardiogram measurement module 100 to provide electrical energy to the electrodes, the signal amplification circuit module, the microprocessor, the memory and other devices. Preferably, the electrocardiogram measurement module 100 may also be installed in an auxiliary wearable device so that patients with atrial fibrillation can place the electrocardiogram measurement module 100 near the heart in a wearable manner. The electrocardiogram measurement module 100 also includes a wireless transmission module and a wired transmission port. The wireless transmission module is used to send the electrocardiogram data to the processing module 300 in real time. The wired transmission port is used to send the electrocardiogram data to the processing module 300 in real time via an information transmission line. Preferably, as Figure 2 As shown, the processing module 300 may be a server of a hospital, and receives the electrocardiogram data and the arterial blood pressure data through the terminal 400. The terminal 400 is, for example, a portable device such as a computer, a mobile phone, a tablet, a smart watch, a smart phone, etc., which can remotely send the received electrocardiogram data and arterial blood pressure data to the server of the hospital by running the corresponding application module to determine the arterial blood pressure data.

[0053] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the processing module 300 executes the intelligent blood pressure monitoring method for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation of the present invention. Figure 5 As shown, the processing module 300 is used to analyze and determine accurate arterial blood pressure data. Specifically, the processing module 300 can be a server, a dedicated integrated chip, and a processor capable of analyzing electrocardiogram data and arterial blood pressure data. The processing module 300 can also be connected to a memory to store arterial blood pressure data and electrocardiogram data measured each time by the atrial fibrillation patient, and can even store atrial fibrillation cycle data and arterial pressure curve of the atrial fibrillation patient.

[0054] In the present invention, Figure 5 As shown, after receiving the data, the processing module 300 time-aligns the electrocardiogram data with the arterial blood pressure data to ensure that the collected electrocardiogram changes can accurately correspond to the corresponding blood pressure measurement data.

[0055] For example, when the processing module 300 receives the electrocardiogram data and the arterial blood pressure data, it checks the timestamp of each data point. By comparing the timestamps, it ensures that the electrocardiogram data and the arterial blood pressure data at the same time can correspond. If there is a time stamp inconsistency, the processing module 300 will perform time correction to make the timestamps of the two consistent.

[0056] In some cases, the sampling frequencies of the electrocardiogram data and the arterial blood pressure data may be different. In order to achieve time alignment, the processing module 300 interpolates the data with a lower sampling frequency so that it has the same time resolution as the data with a higher sampling frequency. In this way, data alignment can be achieved even if there are differences in the sampling intervals in the original data.

[0057] Since there is a certain delay between the electrocardiogram signal and the arterial blood pressure signal in the physiological propagation process, the processing module 300 will perform delay compensation on one of the signals according to the preset delay parameter, so as to ensure the real correspondence between the two signals in time and improve the accuracy of data analysis.

[0058] Preferably, if the electrocardiogram data and the arterial blood pressure data are collected by different devices, the processing module 300 may use a synchronization trigger signal to ensure that the data collection of the two devices starts at the same time. The synchronization trigger signal can be an external event (such as pressing a button) or an internal clock signal, which is used to coordinate the data collection process of different devices.

[0059] After completing the time alignment, the processing module 300 may smooth the data to reduce the impact of noise and outliers. This can be achieved through filters, moving averages, or other statistical methods to improve data quality and ensure accurate correspondence between ECG changes and blood pressure measurement data.

[0060] As described above, the processing module 300 ensures the temporal consistency of the ECG data and the arterial blood pressure data through methods such as timestamp alignment, interpolation alignment, delay compensation, synchronous triggering and data smoothing, so that the collected ECG changes can accurately correspond to the corresponding blood pressure measurement data.

[0061] This alignment ensures data consistency and makes dynamic adjustment of measurement frequency and duration more scientific.

[0062] The processing module 300 dynamically adjusts the measurement frequency and duration of the blood pressure measurement module 200 based on the changes in the electrocardiogram data, and selects arterial blood pressure data that meets the time interval requirements and is less affected by atrial fibrillation as the measurement data.

[0063] Specifically, the processing module 300 is provided with a reading module 310 and an adjusting module 320. The reading module 310 reads data such as RR interval, P wave, atrial fibrillation, heart rate and heart rate variability in the electrocardiogram data. Preferably, the processing module 300 may also include a data preprocessing module for filtering the received electrocardiogram data to remove noise and interference. Then, the reading module 310 reads the preprocessed electrocardiogram data.

[0064] The RR interval refers to the time interval between two consecutive R waves on the electrocardiogram. Under normal circumstances, the faster the heart rate, the shorter the RR interval; the slower the heart rate, the longer the RR interval.

[0065] On an electrocardiogram, the P wave represents the depolarization of the atria, the electrical activity of the atria contracting. A normal P wave should be a positive wave, usually upright in leads I, II, and aVF, and inverted in lead aVR. A normal P wave usually lasts no longer than 0.12 seconds (or 120 milliseconds). In standard leads, the amplitude of the P wave usually does not exceed 2.5 millimeters (or 0.25 millivolts).

[0066] When atrial fibrillation occurs, the ventricular rate (i.e., the rate at which the ventricles react to rapid atrial excitation) is usually fast and irregular, generally between 100 and 180 beats per minute, but may be slower or faster. The P wave disappears, the RR interval is irregular, and the QRS complex may become wider. The reading module 310 can read and determine the duration of atrial fibrillation based on the electrocardiogram data.

[0067] Under normal circumstances, the relationship between the RR interval and heart rate is:

[0068]

[0069] RR i Represents the time interval between two consecutive R waves; HR i Indicates the number of heart beats per minute.

[0070] The duration of a normal P wave is:

[0071]

[0072] t Pi Represents the atrial depolarization waveform P i duration.

[0073] In standard leads, the P wave amplitude P ABPi satisfy:

[0074]

[0075] P ampiIndicates the maximum amplitude of the P wave in the electrocardiogram (ECG). ABPi A specific measurement or parameter representing the amplitude of the P wave.

[0076] The ventricular rate range during atrial fibrillation is: 100 ≤ HR AF ≤180bpm(4).

[0077] HR AF Indicates the ventricular rate.

[0078] The processing module 300 also includes an adjustment module 320. The adjustment module 320 and the reading module 310 can transmit data to each other. The adjustment module 320 is used to determine the selection time of arterial blood pressure data in real time according to the electrocardiogram data, and generate a control instruction for the blood pressure measurement module 200. When an early warning is required, the adjustment module 320 generates an early warning instruction to control the terminal 400 to perform warning operations such as atrial fibrillation early warning and danger level early warning.

[0079] Specifically, the adjustment module 320 selects the arterial blood pressure data at a timing t ABPi The calculation formula is:

[0080]

[0081] HRV i Indicates the fluctuation data of heart rate, AF dur Indicates the duration of atrial fibrillation. k1-k4 indicate the first adjustment coefficient.

[0082] The adjustment module 320 calculates the measurement frequency f measure The formula is:

[0083]

[0084] The adjustment module 320 calculates the measurement time t measure The formula is:

[0085] t measure =β1·RR i +β2·HR i +β3·HRV i +β4·AF dur (7).

[0086] β1 to β4 represent second adjustment coefficients.

[0087] For example, the present invention provides two sets of exemplary data, as shown in the following table.

[0088]

[0089] Data set 1 has no atrial fibrillation, AF dur =0.

[0090] Data set 2 had atrial fibrillation lasting 2 seconds.

[0091] Preferably, if Figure 3 As shown, the user interface of the terminal 400 includes an electrocardiogram display interface 410 and an arterial blood pressure value display interface 420. The electrocardiogram display interface 410 is used to display a real-time or historical electrocardiogram. The arterial blood pressure value display interface 420 is used to display a real-time or historical arterial blood pressure value.

[0092] The adjustment module 320 is formed by training the electrocardiogram sample data and time-aligned arterial blood pressure sample data of several atrial fibrillation patients. Preferably, the adjustment module 320 is a time series prediction model. The time series prediction model is preferably a time series model such as LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) or GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit). The algorithm of the time series prediction model includes mean square error (MSE) or mean absolute error (MAE) for minimizing the time series prediction error.

[0093] The sample data with marked RR interval, P wave, atrial fibrillation events and corresponding arterial blood pressure data are input into the adjustment module 320 to ensure the consistency of the time points of the electrocardiogram data and the arterial blood pressure data. The training adjustment module 320 output determines the timing of selecting the arterial blood pressure data.

[0094] According to a preferred embodiment, the adjustment module 320 in the processing module 300 determines the stability of the RR interval in the electrocardiogram data, and determines the arterial blood pressure value in real time when the RR interval is stable.

[0095] Preset time windows, each containing a certain number of RR intervals. A time window refers to a period of time from this moment forward. Extract the RR interval from the ECG data in each time window. The calculation method for the stability of the RR interval is: calculate the standard deviation of the RR interval in each time window. The smaller the standard deviation, the higher the stability. Set a standard deviation threshold. If the standard deviation of the RR interval in a time window is less than the set threshold, the RR interval in the time window is considered to be stable.

[0096] As the electrocardiogram data changes dynamically, the stability of the RR interval within the preset time window also changes dynamically. Preferably, when the RR interval is judged to be stable, the adjustment module 320 in the processing module 300 immediately determines at least one arterial blood pressure value. Preferably, multiple arterial blood pressure values ​​are dynamically acquired, and the time interval for acquiring adjacent arterial blood pressure values ​​is at least 1 minute, and the processing module 300 can calculate the average value of the arterial blood pressure. It should be noted that the average value of the arterial blood pressure calculated here is used to verify the instantaneous arterial blood pressure value and is not a necessary step. In the present invention, the processing module 300 acquires multiple instantaneous arterial blood pressure values, which is also convenient for screening a more accurate one based on additional conditions.

[0097] For example, set the time window to W, and each window contains N RR intervals. The time window refers to a period of time from this moment forward. Extract the RR intervals (RR1, RR2, ...RR1) from the ECG data of each time window. N ).

[0098] Calculate the standard deviation σ of the RR interval in each time window RR .

[0099]

[0100] The average RR interval within the time window is:

[0101]

[0102] If the standard deviation σ of the RR interval within a time window RR If the standard deviation is less than the set threshold, the RR interval in the time window is considered stable:

[0103]

[0104] σ th Indicates the standard deviation threshold.

[0105] When the RR interval is determined to be stable, the adjustment module 320 in the processing module 300 immediately determines at least one arterial blood pressure value BP.

[0106] When the RR interval is stable, multiple arterial blood pressure values ​​BP1, BP2, ...BP are dynamically acquired. M The time interval between the acquisition of adjacent arterial blood pressure values ​​was set to at least 1 minute.

[0107] Calculate the mean arterial blood pressure The formula is:

[0108]

[0109] M represents the number of arterial blood pressure values, and j represents the index of the arterial blood pressure value. j represents the jth arterial blood pressure value.

[0110] The stability of the RR interval directly reflects the stability of the heart rate. When the heart rate is stable, the blood pressure is also relatively stable, so more accurate data can be obtained by measuring during this period. In addition, calculating the average value further enhances the stability and representativeness of the data and reduces the possible errors in a single measurement. By performing real-time measurement when the RR interval is stable, the present invention can avoid the influence of arrhythmia on blood pressure data and improve the accuracy of the measured data.

[0111] According to a preferred embodiment, the adjustment module 320 in the processing module 300 instantly selects the arterial blood pressure value when the P wave in the electrocardiogram data is clear and continuous.

[0112] The adjustment module 320 dynamically determines the clarity of the P wave based on the electrocardiogram data. Specifically, the adjustment module 320 calculates the amplitude of the P wave. An amplitude threshold is set, and a P wave with an amplitude greater than the threshold is considered clear. The adjustment module 320 analyzes the morphological characteristics of the P wave, such as the rising slope, the falling slope, etc., to ensure that the P wave morphology meets normal standards.

[0113] The adjustment module 320 calculates the time intervals between adjacent P waves in real time. A time interval threshold is set to ensure that the time intervals between P waves are within a normal range. During real-time monitoring, if the P waves remain clear and the time intervals are stable, the P waves are considered to be continuous.

[0114] At the time point when the P wave is clear and continuous, the adjustment module 320 immediately generates a control instruction to instruct the blood pressure measurement module 200 to measure the arterial blood pressure value. The corresponding arterial blood pressure value is recorded in real time. The P wave characteristics, time point and arterial blood pressure value are stored in an associated manner.

[0115] For example, the adjustment module 320 calculates the amplitude A of the P wave P . A th Indicates the amplitude threshold.

[0116] A P =max(P(t))-min(P(t)) (11).

[0117] A P >A th . P(t) is the P wave portion of the ECG signal at time t.

[0118] Set an amplitude threshold A th , P waves with amplitudes greater than this threshold are considered clear.

[0119] The adjustment module 320 analyzes the rising slope S of the P wave. up and the descending slope S down Set the rising slope threshold S that meets the normal standard up-th and the falling slope threshold S down-th .

[0120] Rising slope S up The calculation formula is:

[0121]

[0122] t1 is the time point when the rising phase begins, and t2 is the time point when the rising phase ends. Between these two points, the amplitude of the P wave is increasing.

[0123] Downward slope S down The calculation formula is:

[0124]

[0125] S up ≥S up-th And S down ≤S down-th .

[0126] t3 is the time point when the descending phase begins, and t4 is the time point when the descending phase ends. Between these two points, the amplitude of the P wave decreases.

[0127] The adjustment module 320 calculates the time interval T between adjacent P waves in real time. PP , defined as the time difference between two adjacent P wave peaks: T PP =t i+1 -t i (14).

[0128] T min-th ≤T PP ≤T max-th .

[0129] t i represents the time of the peak of the ith P wave. min-th Represents the minimum time interval threshold, T max-th Indicates the maximum time interval threshold.

[0130] During real-time monitoring, if the P wave remains clear and the time interval is stable, the P wave is considered continuous: that is, (A P >A th )∧(T min-th ≤T PP ≤T max-th ), at this time the P wave is continuous.

[0131] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module 300 identifies atrial fibrillation based on the electrocardiogram data. In a stable period after the end of the atrial fibrillation cycle, the processing module 300 determines arterial blood pressure data.

[0132] After the atrial fibrillation cycle ends, the heart activity tends to stabilize, and measuring blood pressure at this time can better reflect the patient's actual blood pressure status. By identifying the atrial fibrillation cycle and choosing to measure during its stable period, a more realistic blood pressure value can be captured. Therefore, measuring blood pressure during the stable period after the atrial fibrillation cycle ends can reduce the interference of arrhythmia on blood pressure measurement, thereby improving the reliability of the measurement results.

[0133] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module 300 screens the arterial blood pressure data determined in real time based on a heart rate threshold and a heart rate variability threshold, thereby deleting inaccurate arterial blood pressure data.

[0134] For example, the adjustment module 320 calculates the instantaneous heart rate HR i The heart rate can be measured by measuring the time interval T between adjacent R waves (i.e., the heartbeat peaks in the electrocardiogram). RR To calculate:

[0135]

[0136] T RRi Represents the time interval between the i-th heartbeats (in seconds).

[0137] Calculate heart rate variability (HRV). HRV can be calculated using the following formula:

[0138]

[0139] is the average of all heartbeat time intervals, and N is the number of heartbeats.

[0140] Set heart rate threshold HR th and heart rate variability threshold HRV th .

[0141] HR min-th ≤HR i ≤HR max-th ;HRV i ≤HRV th .

[0142] Screening of real-time arterial blood pressure data BP based on the above threshold i Arterial blood pressure data are considered accurate only when heart rate and heart rate variability are within threshold ranges.

[0143] If (HR min-th ≤HR i≤HR max-th )∧(HRV i ≤HRV th ), then BP i is accurate. Otherwise, delete the real-time arterial blood pressure data BP i .

[0144] By screening inaccurate blood pressure data, the processing module 300 can effectively filter out abnormal data and ensure the accuracy and consistency of the final measurement results. This is because the heart rate threshold and the heart rate variability threshold can help identify unreliable data caused by large heart rate fluctuations or high heart rate variability. By setting these thresholds, the processing module 300 can identify and exclude these data, thereby improving the overall data quality.

[0145] According to a preferred embodiment, when the RR interval change rate of the electrocardiogram data increases, the processing module 300 increases the measurement frequency of the blood pressure measurement module 200 to obtain more arterial blood pressure change information.

[0146] An increase in the RR interval change rate usually means a greater fluctuation in heart rate. By increasing the measurement frequency, the real-time changes in blood pressure can be more accurately reflected. This method is particularly suitable for patients with atrial fibrillation because their RR interval change rate is usually higher. By increasing the measurement frequency, the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment can be improved. Therefore, increasing the measurement frequency when the RR interval change rate increases can capture more details of blood pressure changes and provide more comprehensive information for subsequent data analysis.

[0147] The processing module 300 adjusts the inflation frequency of the blood pressure measurement module 200 according to the RR interval variability in the initially measured electrocardiogram data. When the RR interval variability is high, the inflation frequency is reduced to reduce the additional pressure on the patient's cardiovascular system.

[0148] For example, the following R wave peak time points (in seconds) are extracted from the electrocardiogram data:

[0149] {t1,t2,t3,t4,t5}={0.0,1.0,2.2,3.3,4.4}.

[0150] The time interval between adjacent R waves is:

[0151] T RR1 =1.0-0.0=1.0 seconds; T RR2 =2.2-1.0=1.2 seconds; T RR3 =3.3-2.2=1.1 seconds;

[0152] T RR4 =4.4-3.3=1.1 seconds.

[0153] The average RR interval is:

[0154]

[0155] The RR interval variability is:

[0156]

[0157] Set the variability threshold RRV th 0.05 seconds.

[0158] Because RRV = 0.71 seconds is greater than 0.05 seconds, the inflation frequency needs to be reduced.

[0159] Set the normal inflation frequency to F normal =1.0H Z ; The frequency reduction amplitude is 0.2H Z Then the adjusted inflation frequency is: F = F normal -ΔF=1.0H Z -0.2H Z =0.8H Z .

[0160] Because the RR interval variability is high (exceeding the threshold), indicating an unstable heart rhythm, in order to reduce additional stress on the patient's cardiovascular system, the inflation frequency is reduced to 0.8 Hz to slow down the frequency of the measurement process.

[0161] According to a preferred embodiment, when the P wave amplitude of the electrocardiogram data fluctuates significantly, the processing module 300 extends the measurement time of the blood pressure measurement module 200 to ensure that more stable arterial blood pressure data is obtained.

[0162] For example, the following P wave amplitude (in mV) is extracted from the electrocardiogram data:

[0163] {A P1 ,A P2 ,A P3}={0.2,0.35,0.5}.

[0164] The rate of change of adjacent P wave amplitudes:

[0165]

[0166] Set amplitude fluctuation threshold So and Both are greater than the amplitude fluctuation threshold, so the measurement time needs to be extended.

[0167] Set the normal measurement time to T normal =10 seconds, the increased duration ΔT = 5 seconds.

[0168] Then, the increased measurement duration is:

[0169] T measure =T normal +ΔT=10 seconds+5 seconds=15 seconds (21).

[0170] Because the P wave amplitude fluctuates greatly (exceeds the threshold), it indicates that the ECG signal is unstable. In order to ensure more stable arterial blood pressure data, the measurement time is extended to 15 seconds to obtain more data samples for averaging, thereby improving the reliability of the measurement.

[0171] The fluctuation of P wave amplitude directly reflects the stability of atrial activity. When the P wave amplitude fluctuates significantly, atrial activity may be unstable and the blood pressure measurement results may be inaccurate. By extending the measurement time, the stable blood pressure value of patients with atrial fibrillation can be better captured. Therefore, by extending the measurement time when the P wave amplitude fluctuates significantly, it is ensured that stable blood pressure data can still be obtained in the case of large fluctuations, thereby improving the reliability of the measurement.

[0172] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module 300 dynamically adjusts the measurement frequency and duration of the blood pressure measurement module 200 based on the heart rate variability in the electrocardiogram data. When the heart rate variability shows a decreasing trend, the processing module 300 reduces the measurement frequency of the blood pressure measurement module 200 and extends the single measurement duration to improve the measurement comfort of the target object.

[0173] When a decrease in heart rate variability is detected, HRV k <HRV k-1 (twenty two).

[0174] HRV k Indicates the current heart rate variability; HRV k-1 Indicates the heart rate variability over the previous period of time.

[0175] At this time, the adjustment formula is:

[0176] f new =f old ·α (23).

[0177] t new =t old ·β (24).

[0178] f old Indicates the current measurement frequency in times / minute. new Indicates the new measurement frequency. old Indicates the current single measurement duration in minutes. newIndicates the new single measurement duration. α is the adjustment factor of the measurement frequency (0<α<1, indicating a decrease in the measurement frequency). β is the adjustment factor of the single measurement duration (β>1, indicating an increase in the measurement duration).

[0179] Assume that the current measurement frequency is f old = 1 time / minute, the current single measurement duration is t old = 2 minutes, the adjustment factors are α = 0.5 and β = 1.5, and HRV is detected k <HRV k-1 ,but:

[0180] The new measurement frequency is: f new =f old ·α=1·0.5=0.5 times / minute.

[0181] The new single measurement duration is: t new =t old ·β=2·1.5=3 minutes.

[0182] Heart rate variability is an indicator of heart rate fluctuations. When heart rate variability decreases, heart rate stabilizes and blood pressure also tends to stabilize. Therefore, reducing the measurement frequency can reduce interference and discomfort to patients and improve comfort. Extending the duration of a single measurement helps to obtain more accurate and stable blood pressure data when the heart rate is stable. This is more important for patients with atrial fibrillation because their heart rate fluctuates greatly, and the traditional frequent measurement method may lead to inaccurate data and discomfort. Through this dynamic adjustment method, the patient's blood pressure can be monitored more effectively, and the scientific nature of the measurement and patient compliance can be improved. Therefore, when heart rate variability decreases, the heart rate tends to stabilize and the blood pressure is relatively stable. At this time, reducing the measurement frequency will not affect the accuracy of the blood pressure data, and extending the duration of a single measurement can ensure more stable data. This adjustment not only reduces the discomfort caused by frequent measurements, but also improves the reliability of blood pressure monitoring.

[0183] Preferably, the processing module 300 adjusts the deflation frequency of the blood pressure measurement module 200 according to the pulse pressure difference in the initially measured arterial blood pressure data. When the pulse pressure difference is large, the deflation frequency is increased to quickly adapt to the rapid changes in blood pressure and improve measurement accuracy.

[0184] Pulse pressure PP is the difference between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), which can be expressed as:

[0185] PP = SBP - DBP (25).

[0186] Assume the current deflation frequency is D old (Unit: mmHg / s), the new deflation frequency is D new, then the formula for adjusting the deflation frequency according to the pulse pressure difference can be expressed as: D new =D old ·γ(26).

[0187] When the pulse pressure difference is large, the deflation frequency increases. γ>1 indicates an increase in the deflation frequency.

[0188] According to the pulse pressure difference measured initially, the processing module 300 or the regulating module 320 in the processing module 300 dynamically adjusts the deflation frequency using the comprehensive formula:

[0189]

[0190] Among them, PP threshold It is a preset pulse pressure difference threshold used to determine whether the deflation frequency needs to be increased.

[0191] Assume that the current deflation frequency is D old =3mmHg / s, the adjustment factor is γ=1.2, and the preset pulse pressure difference threshold is PP threshold =40mmHg. If the pulse pressure difference measured for the first time is PP=45mmHg.

[0192] Since PP ≥ PP threshold , the new deflation frequency is:

[0193] D new =D old· γ=3·1.2=3.6mmHg / s.

[0194] Obviously, the present invention adjusts the deflation frequency of the blood pressure measurement module 200 to improve the accuracy of blood pressure measurement. First, the heart rate of patients with atrial fibrillation is irregular and the blood pressure fluctuates greatly. The traditional fixed deflation frequency is prone to cause large measurement errors when dealing with such irregular heartbeats, while dynamically adjusting the deflation frequency can significantly reduce such errors and improve the accuracy and reliability of the measurement. By dynamically adjusting the deflation frequency, the blood pressure measurement module 200 can adapt to these rapid changes in a timely manner, avoid measurement lags, and thus provide more real-time and accurate measurement data.

[0195] Secondly, dynamically adjusting the deflation frequency can effectively avoid false hypotension. False hypotension is an erroneous low value caused by the failure of the measurement process to respond to rapid blood pressure changes in a timely manner. By adjusting the deflation frequency in real time, the device can more accurately capture the real blood pressure fluctuations, avoid the influence of false hypotension, and provide more reliable blood pressure measurement results.

[0196] In addition, the dynamic adjustment mechanism provides a more accurate raw data basis for the advanced data processing algorithm, so that the algorithm can better interpret the measurement results and reduce misjudgments and misdiagnoses. This high-precision data basis enhances the flexibility of the algorithm, allowing the blood pressure measurement module 200 to maintain an efficient and accurate working state even in the face of complex atrial fibrillation situations.

[0197] Furthermore, the changes in heart rate and blood pressure of patients with atrial fibrillation vary greatly from person to person. The mechanism of dynamically adjusting the deflation frequency enables the blood pressure measurement module 200 to better adapt to the specific conditions of different patients and provide more personalized and accurate measurement results. This personalized measurement not only improves the accuracy of the measurement, but also enhances the clinical applicability of the device.

[0198] Finally, through the intelligent analysis and adjustment of the processing module 300, the blood pressure measurement module 200 has a more intelligent response capability and can optimize the measurement process according to the patient's real-time situation. This intelligence can not only provide more accurate blood pressure readings, but also accumulate more valuable health data in long-term monitoring, providing important reference for medical decision-making.

[0199] Therefore, the technical means of dynamically adjusting the deflation frequency can significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of blood pressure measurement in patients with atrial fibrillation, avoid false hypotension, reduce measurement errors, provide personalized measurements, and enhance the intelligence and applicability of the equipment.

[0200] The processing module 300 adjusts the inflation and deflation frequency of the blood pressure measurement module 200 according to the heart rate in the physiological parameter measured initially. When the heart rate is faster, the inflation and deflation frequency is reduced to reduce the burden on the heart.

[0201] Specifically, record the heart rate HR measured for the first time initial . Determine whether the heart rate exceeds the preset heart rate threshold HR threshold If HR initial >HR threshold , recalculate the adjustment factor α of the measurement frequency.

[0202]

[0203] HR max Indicates the upper heart rate limit.

[0204] For example, the recorded HR initial =110bpm; HR threshold =100bpm;HR max =150bpm.

[0205]

[0206] f new =fold 0.8.

[0207] The processing module 300 adjusts the inflation time of the blood pressure measurement module 200 according to the QT interval in the electrocardiogram data measured initially. When the QT interval is long, the inflation time is extended to ensure the accuracy of the blood pressure measurement and avoid measurement errors caused by arrhythmia.

[0208] Record QT interval initial . Determine whether the QT interval exceeds the preset threshold value QT threshold If QT initial >QT threshold , it is necessary to extend the inflation time and calculate the inflation time adjustment factor λ. 充气new =T 充气old ·λ.

[0209] T 充气new Indicates the adjusted inflation time in seconds (s); T 充气old Indicates the length of inflation before adjustment.

[0210] There are two calculation formulas for the adjustment factor λ.

[0211] The calculation formula A of the adjustment factor λ is:

[0212]

[0213] The calculation formula B of the adjustment factor λ is:

[0214]

[0215] QT max Indicates the upper limit of the QT interval.

[0216] For example, the current inflation time is T 充气old = 30 seconds; QT initial =480 ms; QT threshold =450 ms; QT max =500 milliseconds.

[0217] The calculation formula A of the adjustment factor λ is:

[0218]

[0219] T 充气new =T 充气old ·λ=30 seconds×1.067≈32.01 seconds.

[0220] The calculation formula B of the adjustment factor λ is:

[0221]

[0222] T 充气new =T 充气old ·λ=30 seconds×1.6≈48 seconds.

[0223] The advantage of the calculation formula A of the adjustment factor λ is that it provides a relatively smooth adjustment so that the inflation time does not change dramatically, which is particularly important for stable measurements in patients with atrial fibrillation. Since patients with atrial fibrillation may have irregular heartbeats, this formula can avoid excessive adjustments due to heart rate fluctuations. However, in the case of large fluctuations in the QT interval, the adjustment range may not be sufficient and cannot quickly adapt to large changes.

[0224] The advantages of the calculation formula B of the adjustment factor λ are: it is suitable for situations where a larger adjustment is required. When the QT interval deviates significantly from the preset threshold, the inflation time can be adjusted quickly. When the QT interval is close to the upper limit, the adjustment factor increases more and can more sensitively reflect the changes in the QT interval. However, in patients with atrial fibrillation, heart rhythm fluctuations may lead to over-adjustment, affecting the stability and accuracy of the measurement.

[0225] Therefore, for blood pressure measurement in patients with atrial fibrillation, the following composite strategy can be used as a reference and implemented according to their specific needs and the volatility of the QT interval.

[0226] If the patient's QT interval fluctuation is small, it is more appropriate to use the calculation formula A of the adjustment factor λ to calculate the inflation time. This is because this method provides a smoother and more robust adjustment and can avoid over-adjustment caused by heart rhythm fluctuations.

[0227] If the patient's QT interval fluctuates greatly, it is more appropriate to use the adjustment factor λ calculation formula B to calculate the inflation time. Especially when the QT interval is close to the upper limit, rapid and large adjustments are required to adapt to the changes.

[0228] Furthermore, the inflation time is smoothly adjusted using the calculation formula A of the adjustment factor λ to ensure the stability of the inflation time in most cases. When the QT interval deviates significantly from the preset threshold and approaches the upper limit, the inflation time is adjusted using the calculation formula B of the adjustment factor λ to quickly adapt to large fluctuations. This composite strategy can provide more accurate and stable blood pressure measurements in different situations, ensuring that the measurement needs of patients with atrial fibrillation are met.

[0229] The processing module 300 adjusts the deflation time of the blood pressure measurement module 200 according to the skin conductance response in the physiological parameters measured initially. When the skin conductance response is high, the deflation time is shortened to reduce stimulation and discomfort to the patient.

[0230] Specifically, the skin conductance response G was recorded. initial . Determine whether the skin conductance response exceeds the preset threshold value G of the skin conductance response thresholdIf G initial >G threshold , calculate the adjustment factor δ of the deflation frequency.

[0231]

[0232] The adjusted deflation time is: T 放气new =T 放气old ·δ.

[0233] G max Indicates the upper limit of skin conductance response. T 放气new Indicates the adjusted deflation time in seconds (s); T 放气old Indicates the deflation time before adjustment.

[0234] For example, to set the skin conductance response G initial =5ms; G threshold =3ms; G max =6ms.

[0235] Since 5ms>3ms, the skin conductance response is judged to be high.

[0236]

[0237] T 放气new =T 放气old 0.33.

[0238] In the blood pressure measurement of atrial fibrillation patients, the processing module 300 adjusts the deflation time of the blood pressure measurement module 200 according to the skin conductance response in the physiological parameters measured initially, which can bring obvious advantages.

[0239] (1) When the skin conductance response is high, it usually means that the patient is in a state of tension or anxiety. By shortening the deflation time, the pressure and discomfort on the patient during the measurement process can be reduced, thereby improving the patient's comfort and cooperation.

[0240] (2) By adjusting the deflation time in real time, the blood pressure of patients with atrial fibrillation can be measured more accurately. The influence of dynamic blood pressure changes caused by excessive deflation time on the measurement results can be reduced, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement.

[0241] (3) Dynamic adjustment of deflation time makes the blood pressure measurement process more personalized and humane, improving the overall patient experience.

[0242] (4) Skin conductance response is one of the indicators of the body's response to stress and pressure. By adjusting the deflation time according to the skin conductance response, the stress response of the patient during blood pressure measurement can be reduced to a certain extent, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of increased blood pressure caused by stress response.

[0243] (5) Shortening the deflation time can speed up the overall blood pressure measurement process, reduce waiting time, and improve measurement efficiency.

[0244] It should be noted that the above-mentioned specific embodiments are exemplary, and those skilled in the art can come up with various solutions inspired by the disclosure of the present invention, and these solutions also belong to the disclosure scope of the present invention and fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention specification and its drawings are illustrative and do not constitute a limitation on the claims. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. The present invention specification contains multiple inventive concepts, such as "preferably" and "according to a preferred embodiment", which means that the corresponding paragraph discloses an independent concept, and the applicant reserves the right to file a divisional application based on each inventive concept.

Claims

1. An intelligent blood pressure monitoring device for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation, It is characterized in that include: Electrocardiogram measurement module (100): collects electrocardiogram data of a target object and generates electrocardiogram data; Blood pressure measurement module (200): measures arterial blood pressure data of a target subject; The processing module (300) performs time alignment on the electrocardiogram data and the arterial blood pressure data, and dynamically adjusts the measurement frequency and duration of the blood pressure measurement module (200) based on changes in the electrocardiogram data, and selects arterial blood pressure data that meets the time interval requirements and is less affected by atrial fibrillation as measurement data.

2. The intelligent blood pressure monitoring device for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The processing module (300) determines the stability of the RR interval in the electrocardiogram data, and determines the arterial blood pressure value in real time when the RR interval is stable; and / or The processing module (300) determines at least one arterial blood pressure value and an average value of the arterial blood pressure within a period of time when the RR interval is stable.

3. The intelligent blood pressure monitoring device for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The processing module (300) selects the arterial blood pressure value when the P wave in the electrocardiogram data is clear and continuous.

4. The intelligent blood pressure monitoring device for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The processing module (300) identifies atrial fibrillation based on the electrocardiogram data and determines arterial blood pressure data during a stable period after the atrial fibrillation cycle ends.

5. The intelligent blood pressure monitoring device for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, It is characterized in that The processing module (300) screens the arterial blood pressure data determined in real time based on a heart rate threshold and a heart rate variability threshold, thereby deleting inaccurate arterial blood pressure data.

6. The intelligent blood pressure monitoring device for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, It is characterized in that When the RR interval change rate of the electrocardiogram data increases, the processing module (300) increases the measurement frequency of the blood pressure measurement module (200) to obtain more arterial blood pressure change information.

7. The intelligent blood pressure monitoring device for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, It is characterized in that In the case where the P wave amplitude of the electrocardiogram data fluctuates significantly, the processing module (300) extends the measurement time of the blood pressure measurement module (200) to ensure that more stable arterial blood pressure data is obtained.

8. The intelligent blood pressure monitoring device for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, It is characterized in that The processing module (300) dynamically adjusts the measurement frequency and duration of the blood pressure measurement module (200) based on the heart rate variability in the electrocardiogram data. When the heart rate variability shows a decreasing trend, the processing module (300) reduces the measurement frequency of the blood pressure measurement module (200) and prolongs the duration of a single measurement to improve the measurement comfort level of the target subject.

9. An intelligent blood pressure monitoring method for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation, It is characterized in that The method comprises: measuring arterial blood pressure data of a target subject; Collecting ECG data of a target object and generating ECG data; The electrocardiogram data and the arterial blood pressure data are time-aligned, and the measurement frequency and duration of the blood pressure measurement module (200) are dynamically adjusted based on changes in the electrocardiogram data, and arterial blood pressure data that meets the time interval requirements and is less affected by atrial fibrillation is selected as the measurement data.

10. The intelligent blood pressure monitoring method for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation according to claim 9, It is characterized in that The method further comprises: The arterial blood pressure data are selected or the average of the arterial blood pressure data is calculated based on the RR interval stability, P wave variation and / or atrial fibrillation in the electrocardiogram data.

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