Use of carvacrol, method of use, method of making a fertilizer, and fertilizer

Abstract

The application discloses a use of carvacrol as a nitrification inhibitor, a use method of carvacrol as the nitrification inhibitor, and a fertilizer manufacturing method and a fertilizer formed by the method. The application finds through indoor simulation, field plot and field tests that the carvacrol has a good inhibiting effect on soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria when the use amount of the carvacrol is 5.0-15.0 g per mu, can effectively delay the conversion of ammonium nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen, and has an advantage over a traditional nitrification inhibitor in inhibiting a late nitrification stage.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of fertilizers, in particular to the use of carvacol as a nitrification inhibitor, a use method, a fertilizer production method and a fertilizer. BACKGROUND

[0002] Chemical fertilizer is the "food of food" for food security, ecological security and other important. Due to the defects of traditional chemical fertilizer itself and the unscientific and unreasonable application, it has caused a series of problems such as low nutrient utilization rate, serious waste of fertilizer resources, and aggravated non-point source pollution. The stable fertilizer containing nitrification inhibitor can delay the conversion of ammonium nitrogen (including ammonium nitrogen directly contained in nitrogen fertilizer or compound fertilizer or ammonium nitrogen converted from amide nitrogen) to nitrate nitrogen, so that nitrogen exists in the form of soil colloid adsorbed ammonium nitrogen, and has the characteristics of nutrient release mode synchronized with crop absorption rule, which can significantly improve the fertilizer utilization rate, and provides an effective way to solve the problems of fertilizer resource waste and agricultural non-point source pollution. The existing chemical synthesis of nitrification inhibitor has the disadvantages of single source of inhibitor, short effective period in soil, easy decomposition and the like. In recent years, BASF in Germany has introduced new inhibitors LIMUS and DMPSA, but the core is still the derivative of the original urease inhibitor NBPT and nitrification inhibitor DMPP, which still has some problems, the source of inhibitor is still mainly chemical synthesis, which is still affected by environmental factors, easily decomposed by heat, and quickly degraded in soil, which reduces the use efficiency of the inhibitor and increases the application cost. Therefore, the development of a new generation of plant and microbial source inhibitors has broad prospects.

[0003] Carvacol is an organic compound extracted from oregano, thyme and other plants, and its chemical formula is C 10 H 14O, readily soluble in alcohols and ethers, almost insoluble in water. Melting point approximately 0℃, boiling point 237-238℃, relative density 0.976 (20 / 4℃), flash point 105℃. Carvacrol has been used in the fertilizer field. For example, invention patent application CN115152546A discloses a high-yield and high-quality cultivation method for maize, a crop grown in southern regions. This method involves spraying foliar fertilizer on seedlings during the seedling stage. The foliar fertilizer includes 60-120 parts of water-soluble silicon fertilizer, 50-70 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 20-50 parts of 3-8% carvacrol. Invention patent application CN117567194A discloses a multifunctional fertilizer for crop flowering, fruit setting, yield increase, and quality improvement, and its preparation method. The functional fertilizer contains 85-87 parts fertilizer components, 2-4 parts plant-derived antibacterial agent, and 5-10 parts antifreeze agent, etc. The plant-derived antibacterial agent includes at least one of acrylic acid·carvacrol, citral·ene, and cliff palm extract. Invention patent application CN117481003A discloses a method for planting organic spring wheat in northern China. This method involves pest and disease control during the heading stage, spraying 150ml of seaweed organic liquid fertilizer, 50ml of 1.5% osthol, and 50ml of carvacrol per acre diluted 500 times with water. Invention patent application CN118388302A discloses a glutathione-containing functional water-soluble fertilizer and its preparation method. This fertilizer contains carvacrol to inhibit mold growth. It is evident that carvacrol currently used in the fertilizer industry mainly utilizes its traditional insecticidal and antibacterial functions, without involving nitrification inhibition functions, and is not specifically formulated with nitrogen fertilizer or compound fertilizer to create specialized fertilizers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One of the objectives of this invention is to provide the use of carvacrol as a nitrification inhibitor, that is, carvacrol can inhibit the conversion of ammonium nitrogen contained in nitrogen fertilizer or compound fertilizer or ammonium nitrogen produced from contained amide nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen. This new property of carvacrol was previously unknown and has not been specifically utilized.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing fertilizer, wherein urea or compound fertilizer is mixed with carvacrol, wherein the weight of carvacrol is 0.01-0.1% of the weight of urea or compound fertilizer.

[0006] Preferably, the carvacrol content is 0.03-0.07% of the weight of urea or compound fertilizer.

[0007] Optionally, when the urea or compound fertilizer is mixed with carvacrol, the following method is used: carvacrol is dissolved in ethanol to make a solution, and then the solution is evenly sprayed onto the surface of the urea or compound fertilizer granules and dried.

[0008] Optionally, when carvacrol is dissolved in ethanol to prepare a solution, the weight ratio of carvacrol to ethanol is 5.0-15.0 g: 250-300 mL.

[0009] Another object of the present application is to provide a fertilizer consisting of urea or compound fertilizer and carvacol, the weight of carvacol being 0.03-0.07% of the weight of urea or compound fertilizer.

[0010] The present application also provides a method for using carvacol, which is mixed with urea or compound fertilizer at a dosage of 5.0-10.0 g per mu and then applied to the farmland of crops. The weight of carvacol is 0.03-0.07% of the weight of urea or compound fertilizer, and the crops are corn, wheat or rice.

[0011] The present application has the following beneficial effects: firstly, the nitrification inhibition use of carvacol in the field of fertilizer is discovered, which is found in multiple rounds of screening of the nitrification inhibition performance of multiple materials, and it is judged from the screening results that carvacol has an inhibition function on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and has good chemical stability and environmental protection, low toxicity. Through indoor simulation, field plot and field test, it is found that carvacol can inhibit soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria when the dosage is 5.0-15.0 g per mu, effectively delay the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, increase the content of ammonium nitrogen in soil, reduce the content of nitrate nitrogen, and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The present application will be further described below through specific embodiments:

[0013] 1. Indoor simulation test

[0014] The 0-20 cm soil samples of the plough layer were taken from the test site of the National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem of Liaoning Shenyang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Sujiatun District, Shenyang City, dried, ground through a 2 mm sieve and used. In the test group, carvacol was first dissolved in ethanol and sprayed on urea particles, and after the ethanol was volatilized, the urea particles were crushed and passed through a 1 mm sieve, then mixed evenly with the dried soil, and then put into the culture pots, 200.0 g of soil was put into each culture pot, and the weight ratio was 0.1% (the same below) of the weight of urea to the weight of urea, and the amount of urea was 0.5% of the weight of dried soil. The control group was mixed evenly according to the amount of urea being 0.5% of the weight of dried soil, and then put into the culture pots, 200.0 g of soil was put into each culture pot. The test group and the control group were both soaked with water to keep the soil moisture content at 25%. They were placed in the same constant temperature (30℃) environment, and water was added every day according to the weight loss. The content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil was determined on the 10th, 30th, 50th and 70th day, and the results are shown in Table 1. When sampling and testing each time, the soil in the culture pot was first poured out and mixed evenly, 5.0 g of which was taken and placed in a triangular flask, 2.00 mol·L-1 KCl was added, and the mixture was shaken for 1 hour. Then the mixture was centrifuged at 4000 r / min for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was taken and diluted to 50.0 ml with deionized water. The content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. -1Potassium chloride solution 100.0 mL, placed in a shaker, leaching 1 hour, filtration, determination by 3-AA type flow analyzer. Low nitrate nitrogen content indicates that carvacol as a nitrification inhibitor delays the transformation of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in soil from urea decomposition. The test results show that carvacol has good nitrification inhibition effect from the 10th day to the 70th day, effectively reduces the content of nitrate nitrogen, makes nitrogen fertilizer exist in the form of ammonium nitrogen in the soil, reduces the loss of nitrate nitrogen, and improves the utilization rate.

[0015] Table 1 Monitoring results of nitrate nitrogen content in soil

[0016] Nitrate nitrogen (mg / kg) Day 10 Day 30 Day 50 Day 70 Test group 146.2 195.4 437.3 601.6 Control group 185.9 482.7 693.8 894.2

[0017] 2. Comparative test

[0018] In Shenyang Suliatun District of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning Shenyang farmland ecological system national field scientific observation research station test site, the 0-20cm soil sample of plough layer was taken, air dried, ground through 2mm sieve for use. The test group was according to carvacol weight 0.1% of urea weight, urea amount was 0.5% of air dry soil amount, carvacol was dissolved in ethanol and sprayed on the surface of urea particles, after the ethanol volatilization, the urea particles were crushed through 1mm sieve, then mixed with soil uniformly, loaded into culture pots, 200.0g of soil was loaded in each culture pot; The control group used DMPP (3, 4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate) synthesized by current chemical as control, according to DMPP 0.1% of urea amount, urea amount was 0.5% of air dry soil amount, the two were mixed uniformly, loaded into culture pots, 200g of soil was loaded in each culture pot. The test group and the control group were soaked with water to keep the soil moisture content at 25%. Placed in the same constant temperature (30℃) environment, water was supplemented according to the weight loss every day. The content of nitrate nitrogen in soil was determined on the 10th, 30th, 50th and 70th day, and the results are shown in Table 2. When sampling and measuring each time, the soil in the culture pot was first poured out, mixed and mixed uniformly, 5.0g of which was taken and placed in a triangular flask, 2.00mol·L -1 Potassium chloride solution 100.0 mL, placed in a shaker, leaching 1 hour, filtration, determination by 3-AA type flow analyzer.

[0019] Table 2 Comparison results of carvacol and DMPP

[0020] Nitrate nitrogen (mg / kg) Day 10 Day 30 Day 50 Day 70 Test group - carvacol 146.2 195.4 437.3 601.6 Control group - DMPP 169.4 186.3 467.2 636.9

[0021] From the above table, it can be seen that at the same dosage of carvacol and DMPP, the test group of carvacol measured the content of nitrate nitrogen at 10th day, 50th day and 70th day, which is lower than the control group of DMPP, the determination result of 30th day of DMPP control group is lower than that of carvacol test group, combined with the analysis of other three group data, the determination result of 30th day may exist larger error. In addition, the safety of carvacol is higher than that of DMPP, and the toxicity is smaller. Carvacol has good application prospect as nitration inhibitor.

[0022] 3. Plot test

[0023] The plot corn test was carried out in corn farmland of Shuguang farm in Jiamusi city of Heilongjiang province, and the area of each plot was 25m 2 (5m×5m). The test treatment was as follows: conventional fertilization (N), conventional fertilization + carvacol, wherein the dosage of carvacol was 25.0g per mu.

[0024] Conventional fertilization: 944.5g of urea, 450.6g of superphosphate and 370.4g of potassium sulfate were applied to each plot, and then the three were crushed through 1mm sieve and mixed uniformly. Conventional fertilization + carvacol: carvacol was dissolved in ethanol and sprayed on urea particles, and after the ethanol was volatilized, the urea particles were crushed and passed through 1mm sieve, the use amount and type of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were equivalent to those of conventional fertilization, and 25.0g of carvacol was applied per mu, and 0.94g of carvacol was applied to each plot (the weight of carvacol was 0.099% of the weight of urea). The seeds, pesticides and cultivation and management methods of the plot with carvacol and the plot without carvacol were kept consistent. When fertilizing, the conventional fertilization plot adopted 10 times weight of farmland dry soil mixed with fertilizer uniformly, which was uniformly applied to the ground, and then ploughing and sowing corn, 8 rows per plot, 20 plants per row; in the conventional fertilization + carvacol plot, the carvacol and fertilizer were mixed uniformly, and then 10 times weight of farmland dry soil was mixed with the fertilizer uniformly, which was applied to the ground, ploughed and leveled, and then sowed. The amount of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the soil was measured at 20th day, 40th day, 60th day, 80th day and 120th day, and the results are shown in table 3 and table 4. The test method of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the soil: the soil sample of 0-20cm in the plough layer was taken by soil drill, and the five-point cross sampling method was used, 5 drills were taken in each plot, about 300.0g of soil. After taking the soil sample back to the laboratory, it was sieved and mixed, 5.0g of which was taken, and 2.00mol·L -1 chloride solution was used for extraction, and 3-AA3 type flow analyzer was used for determination.

[0025] Table 3 Monitoring results of nitrate nitrogen in soil

[0026]

[0027] Table 4 Monitoring results of ammonium nitrogen in soil

[0028]

[0029] Harvested in the yield test, in the middle of each plot, the 4th, 5th row, starting from the 7th plant of each row, a total of 10 plants, and the corn was taken off and brought back to the laboratory, threshed, air-dried, and weighed. The average yield of the test group was 995.7 kg / mu, and the average yield of the control group was 903.4 kg / mu. The average yield increase rate was 10.2%. It can be seen that carvacol showed good nitrification inhibition effect in the corn plot test, effectively improved the content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil, reduced the content of nitrate nitrogen, and effectively improved the yield of corn.

[0030] 4. Field test

[0031] Field tests were conducted to further test the effect of carvacol combined with urea.

[0032] (1) Liaoning corn field test: The test site is located in Shenyang Shujiatun District Shilijia Town. Settings: conventional fertilization, conventional fertilization + carvacol, three replicates for each treatment, each treatment area 1 mu, and the initial fertility level of each plot is consistent. The dosage of carvacol is 15.0g per mu, first dissolve carvacol in 300mL of ethanol to prepare a solution, then according to the application of urea 22.5kg per mu (carvacol is 0.067% w / w of urea), potassium chloride (potassium oxide ≥62%) 9.0kg, diammonium phosphate (18-46-0) 10.5kg, evenly spray the carvacol ethanol solution on the surface of the urea particles, dry, and mix evenly with potassium chloride and diammonium phosphate, use the seed and fertilizer same machine, and complete the sowing and fertilization simultaneously. The plot of conventional fertilization applies urea 22.5kg per mu, potassium chloride (potassium oxide ≥62%) 9.0kg, diammonium phosphate (18-46-0) 10.5kg, directly mixes urea, potassium chloride and diammonium phosphate evenly, uses the seed and fertilizer same machine, and completes sowing and fertilization simultaneously. No additional fertilizer is applied in the later period, and measures such as weeding and spraying are kept consistent. At the harvest time, a harvester is used to harvest each plot separately, and the actual yield is obtained after drying and removing water. The average yield of the three plots is the final data.

[0033] (2) Heilongjiang rice field test: The test site is located in Shuguang farm, Jiamusi city, Heilongjiang province. Two treatments are set: conventional fertilization, conventional fertilization + carvacol, each treatment has 3 replicates, each treatment area is 1 mu. The initial fertility level of each plot is consistent. The dosage of carvacol is 10.0 g per mu. First, carvacol is dissolved in 250.0 mL of ethanol to prepare a solution; according to the application of urea 21.5 kg per mu (carvacol is 0.046% w / w of urea), potassium chloride (potassium oxide ≥ 62%) 10.2 kg, diammonium phosphate (18-46-0) 11.7 kg per mu, the ethanol solution of carvacol is uniformly sprayed on the surface of urea particles, dried, mixed uniformly with potassium chloride and diammonium phosphate, and then applied to farmland, ploughed, soaked, and leveled, and transplanted. The plot of conventional fertilization directly applies urea 21.5 kg per mu, potassium chloride (potassium oxide ≥ 62%) 10.2 kg, diammonium phosphate (18-46-0) 11.7 kg, mixes them uniformly, and then applies them to farmland, ploughs, soaks, levels, and transplants. At the green stage, all treatments are applied with 10 kg / mu of urea, and other measures such as weeding and pesticide application are kept consistent. At the harvest stage, a harvester is used to harvest each plot separately, and then the actual yield is obtained after drying and weighing. The average yield of the three plots is the final data.

[0034] (3) Hebei wheat field test: The test site is located in Shijing village, Shijing town, Mancheng district, Baoding city, Hebei province. Two treatments are set: conventional fertilization, conventional fertilization + carvacol, each treatment has 3 replicates, each treatment area is 1 mu. The dosage of carvacol is 5 g per mu. First, carvacol is dissolved in 300 mL of ethanol to prepare a solution; according to the application of urea 13.5 kg per mu (carvacol is 0.037% w / w of urea), potassium chloride (potassium oxide ≥ 62%) 11.0 kg, diammonium phosphate (18-46-0) 21.5 kg per mu, the ethanol solution of carvacol is uniformly sprayed on the surface of urea particles, dried, mixed uniformly with potassium chloride and diammonium phosphate, and then applied to the seed fertilizer same sowing machine to complete sowing and fertilization simultaneously. The plot of conventional fertilization directly applies urea 13.5 kg per mu, potassium chloride (potassium oxide ≥ 62%) 11.0 kg, diammonium phosphate (18-46-0) 21.5 kg, mixes them uniformly, and then applies them to the seed fertilizer same sowing machine to complete sowing and fertilization simultaneously. All treatments are applied with 15 kg of urea before spring irrigation, and other measures such as weeding and pesticide application are kept consistent. At the harvest stage, a harvester is used to harvest each plot separately, and then the actual yield is obtained after drying and weighing. The average yield of the three plots is the final data.

[0035] Table 5 Harvesting period yield results

[0036] Yield (kg / acre) Liaoning corn Heilongjiang rice Hebei wheat Test group 946 629 648 Control group 883 582 579 Yield increase rate (%) 7.1 8.1 11.9

[0037] In summary, as a nitrification inhibitor, carvacol can effectively inhibit the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in fertilizer, and the application of carvacol mixed with urea, compound fertilizer and the like can effectively improve the grain yield.

[0038] The above examples are illustrative of and not limiting on the present application. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the application, other alternatives can be utilized.

Claims

1. Uses of carvacrol as a nitration inhibitor.

2. The use as described in claim 1, characterized in that... Carvacrol is used to inhibit the conversion of ammonium nitrogen contained in or produced in urea or compound fertilizer into nitrate nitrogen.

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