Bogie analysis and design method

Abstract

The invention discloses a bogie analysis and design method, and particularly relates to the field of bogie analysis and design, the bogie is divided into a wheel set axle box module, a basic braking module, a primary suspension module, a secondary suspension module, a damping device module and a remote sleeper module according to a bogie structure decomposition and standardized decomposition method; performing bogie module type identification, determining a first universal module, a second universal module and a differentiation module, performing bogie modular design according to bogie module division and bogie module identification results, generating a bogie three-dimensional model and an engineering drawing in combination with a parameterization design method, and utilizing a finite element analysis technology to obtain a three-dimensional model and an engineering drawing of the bogie; simulation analysis is carried out on key parts of the bogie, topological optimization is carried out on the structure and size of the bogie based on a unit life-death algorithm and a genetic algorithm, the design efficiency and design quality of the bogie are improved, and the reasonability and reliability of bogie design are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of bogie analysis and design, and more specifically, to a bogie analysis and design method. Background Art

[0002] The bogie is a key component of a rail vehicle, usually located at the bottom of the car, and includes wheels, bearings, springs or other types of suspension systems. The bogie supports the weight of the vehicle, transmits traction and braking force, absorbs vibration and impact caused by track unevenness, and ensures the smooth operation of the rail vehicle. The bogie design in the domestic rail transit industry mainly adopts the traditional single design method. The traditional design method is cumbersome and requires manual adjustment of design parameters. There are problems such as long design cycle, high cost, lack of efficient optimization algorithm, inability to fully optimize structure and size, and diversified customer needs. In terms of the application of the modular design concept of the bogie, it is difficult to respond to market changes. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a bogie analysis and design method to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] The bogie analysis and design method comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step S1: Divide the bogie into modules according to the bogie structure decomposition and standardized decomposition method;

[0007] Step S2: Based on the bogie module division result, identify the bogie module type and determine the common module and the differentiated module;

[0008] Step S3: According to the bogie module division and bogie module identification results, the bogie modular design is performed, and a bogie three-dimensional model and engineering drawing are generated in combination with a parametric design method;

[0009] Step S4: using finite element analysis technology to perform simulation analysis on key parts of the bogie to ensure the rationality and reliability of the bogie design;

[0010] Step S5: Topologically optimize the bogie structure and size based on the unit life and death algorithm and the genetic algorithm to improve the bogie design efficiency and design quality.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, step S1 comprises the following steps:

[0012] Step S101: based on the structural characteristics of the bogie, the bogie is decomposed into a wheelset axle box module, a basic brake module, a primary suspension module, a secondary suspension module, a shock absorbing device module, and a remote sleeper module;

[0013] Step S102: adopting the standardized design principle, dividing the bogie into standardized modules.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, step S2 comprises the following steps:

[0015] Step S201: Collect and analyze customer needs, and classify customer needs into personalized needs, fixed needs, and variable needs;

[0016] Step S202: determining a first common module based on the impact of different customer requirements on the bogie modules and the interaction between the bogie modules;

[0017] Step S203: Evaluate the change cost and change risk of the bogie module, and determine the second common module and the differentiated module.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, step S3 comprises the following steps:

[0019] S301: Use UG software to perform parametric modeling of the bogie, and generate a three-dimensional model of the bogie by setting the bogie design parameters;

[0020] Step S302: Convert the generated three-dimensional model into an engineering drawing to ensure that the engineering drawing meets the requirements.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, step S4 comprises the following steps:

[0022] Step S401: Use ANSYS software to perform finite element modeling on key parts of the bogie, set appropriate material properties and boundary conditions, perform finite element meshing, and select appropriate unit type and mesh density;

[0023] Step S402: Apply loads, perform static analysis, modal analysis and fatigue analysis, and analyze the performance of the bogie under different working conditions.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, in step S5, the bogie structure and size are topologically optimized based on the unit life and death algorithm and the genetic algorithm to improve the bogie design efficiency and design quality:

[0025] The key dimensional parameters of the bogie are binary-encoded to generate an initial parameter population, and each key dimensional parameter of the bogie represents a candidate solution; for example, different axle diameters, suspension system stiffness, and shock absorber length; a fitness function is defined according to the design requirements and usage standards of the bogie to evaluate the performance of each candidate solution, and the fitness function includes indicators such as the weight, strength, and performance of the bogie; based on the evaluation result of the fitness function, the key dimensional parameters of the bogie with high fitness are selected, and a cross operation is performed on the key dimensional parameters of the selected bogie to generate new candidate solutions; the cross operation can adopt single-point crossover, multi-point crossover, and other methods; through multiple iterations, the key dimensional design parameters of the bogie are gradually optimized to improve the performance and quality of the design.

[0026] Technical effects and advantages of the method of the present invention:

[0027] 1. According to the bogie structure decomposition and standardized decomposition method, the bogie is divided into wheelset axle box module, basic brake module, primary suspension module, secondary suspension module, shock absorber module and remote sleeper module. Based on the bogie module division result, the bogie module type is identified to determine the general module 1, general module 2 and differentiated module, which can significantly improve the efficiency and flexibility of the bogie design, optimize the structure and size of each module, and improve the versatility and interchangeability.

[0028] 2. According to the results of bogie module division and bogie module identification, the bogie modular design is carried out, and the three-dimensional model and engineering drawing of the bogie are generated by combining the parametric design method. The finite element analysis technology is used to simulate and analyze the key parts of the bogie. The topological optimization of the bogie structure and size is carried out based on the unit life and death algorithm and genetic algorithm, which significantly improves the bogie design efficiency and quality, ensures the rationality of the bogie design, optimizes the structural performance of the bogie, reduces the use of materials, meets different application scenarios and customer needs, and improves the overall performance and reliability of the bogie. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A flowchart of a bogie analysis and design method according to the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 .

[0032] The embodiment provides a bogie analysis and design method of the present invention, which comprises the following steps:

[0033] Step S1: Divide the bogie into modules according to the bogie structure decomposition and standardized decomposition method.

[0034] Step S2: Based on the bogie module division results, the bogie module type is identified to determine the common modules and differentiated modules.

[0035] Step S3: According to the bogie module division and bogie module identification results, the bogie modular design is carried out, and a three-dimensional model and engineering drawing are generated in combination with a parametric design method.

[0036] Step S4: Using finite element analysis technology, simulation analysis is performed on key parts of the bogie to ensure the rationality and reliability of the bogie design.

[0037] Step S5: Topologically optimize the bogie structure and size based on the unit life and death algorithm and the genetic algorithm to improve the bogie design efficiency and design quality.

[0038] Wherein step S1 is specifically implemented by the following steps:

[0039] Step S101: Based on the structural characteristics of the bogie, the bogie is decomposed into a wheelset axle box module, a basic brake module, a primary suspension module, a secondary suspension module, a shock absorbing device module, and a remote sleeper module, specifically:

[0040] The structure of the bogie includes wheelsets, axle boxes, suspension systems, braking systems, traction and shock absorbing devices, bolsters and side frames; the wheelsets include wheels and axles, are the basic components of the bogie, directly contact the track, bear the entire weight of the train and transfer the entire weight of the train to the track; the axle boxes are installed at both ends of the axles, have built-in bearings, and alleviate vibrations and impacts through elastic connections; the suspension system includes primary suspension and secondary suspension, which are used to absorb and alleviate vibrations and impacts during train operation and improve ride comfort; the braking system provides braking force for the train to ensure that the train can safely decelerate and stop; the bolsters and side frames are the main load-bearing structures of the bogie, connecting various functional components and bearing loads from all directions.

[0041] According to the structural characteristics of the bogie, the bogie is divided into modules, including wheelset axle box module, basic brake module, primary suspension module, secondary suspension module, shock absorber module and remote sleeper module.

[0042] The wheel set axle box module includes wheels, axles, axle boxes, bearings and other parts. The wheel set axle box module is mainly used to support the weight of the vehicle body and transfer it to the track, while guiding the wheels to travel along the track and providing necessary adhesion to prevent slipping. The axle box and bearings are elastically connected to relieve vibration and impact; the basic brake module includes wheel discs, brake pads, brake calipers, brake cylinders and other parts. The basic brake module is used to provide the braking force of the train to ensure that the train can slow down or stop when needed. The brake system generates force through the brake cylinder to act on the brake caliper, clamping the wheel disc, thereby generating braking force.

[0043] The primary suspension module includes components such as vertical shock absorbers, axle box springs, and swing arm positioning nodes. The primary suspension module is mainly used to alleviate the impact caused by uneven wheel-track, absorb vibrations, and improve the comfort and stability of the vehicle.

[0044] The secondary suspension module includes air springs, lateral shock absorbers, vertical shock absorbers, anti-roll torsion bars and other components. The secondary suspension module further filters the high-frequency vibration of the bogie to improve ride comfort. The air spring adjusts the height of the vehicle body by inflating or deflating, and the lateral and vertical shock absorbers respectively alleviate lateral and vertical vibrations.

[0045] The shock absorbing device module includes components such as a traction rod and an elastic node. The shock absorbing device module is used to transfer the longitudinal load between the bogie and the vehicle body, and at the same time alleviate the vibration and impact generated during the operation of the vehicle.

[0046] The remote bolster module includes components such as a bolster and a side frame. The bolster module is used to connect various devices in the bogie, withstand loads from all directions, and ensure the stability and reliability of the bogie.

[0047] Through the above-mentioned bogie module division, the complex structure of the bogie is simplified and classified, and each module can be designed and optimized independently, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of the overall bogie design.

[0048] Step S102: Using the standardized design principle, the bogie is divided into standardized modules, specifically:

[0049] The purpose of standardized design is to improve the versatility and interchangeability of bogie modules so that bogies of different models and specifications can meet different needs through the combination and adjustment of modules.

[0050] The standardized design principles are as follows:

[0051] Modular versatility: Ensure that the design of each module can be applied to bogies of different types and specifications.

[0052] Interface standardization: Ensure the consistency of interfaces between modules to facilitate module combination and interchange.

[0053] Standardization of design parameters: Standardize the design parameters of each module, such as size, material, connection method, etc., to facilitate unified management and production of modules.

[0054] The module standardization design steps include:

[0055] Standardized design of wheelset axle box module:

[0056] Design parameter determination: Determine the diameter, length, material and other parameters of the wheelset axle box to ensure that the wheelset axle box can withstand the load generated during train operation.

[0057] Interface standardization: Standardize the connection method between axles, wheels and axle boxes to ensure interchangeability between different axles and wheels.

[0058] Universal design: ensure that the wheelset axle box module can be applied to bogies of different models and specifications, and achieve wheelset axle box designs for different requirements by adjusting design parameters.

[0059] Standardized design of foundation brake module:

[0060] Design parameter determination: determine the diameter and thickness of the brake disc, the diameter and stroke of the brake cylinder and other parameters to ensure the effectiveness and reliability of the braking system.

[0061] Interface standardization: standardize the connection method between the brake disc and the axle, and the connection method between the brake cylinder and the brake caliper to ensure the interchangeability of the braking system.

[0062] Universal design: By adjusting the design parameters, the braking system can be applied to bogies of different types and specifications.

[0063] Standardized design of the first series suspension module:

[0064] Design parameter determination: Determine the stiffness and damping coefficient of the vertical shock absorber, the stiffness and free length of the axle box spring and other parameters to ensure the performance of the suspension system.

[0065] Interface standardization: Standardize the connection method between shock absorbers, axles and vehicle bodies to ensure the interchangeability of suspension systems.

[0066] Universal design: By adjusting the design parameters, the primary suspension system can be applied to bogies of different types and specifications.

[0067] Standardized design of secondary suspension module:

[0068] Design parameter determination: Determine the stiffness and damping coefficient of the air spring, the stiffness and damping coefficient of the lateral shock absorber and vertical shock absorber, the stiffness of the anti-roll torsion bar and other parameters to ensure the performance of the suspension system.

[0069] Interface standardization: standardize the connection between air springs and car bodies and bogies, and the connection between shock absorbers and car bodies and bogies to ensure the interchangeability of the suspension system.

[0070] Universal design: By adjusting the design parameters, the secondary suspension system can be applied to bogies of different types and specifications.

[0071] Standardized design of shock absorber module:

[0072] Design parameter determination: Determine the length and stiffness of the traction rod, the stiffness of the elastic node, the damping coefficient and other parameters to ensure the performance of the shock absorbing device.

[0073] Interface standardization: standardize the connection method between the traction rod and the car body and bogie, and the connection method between the elastic node and the car body and bogie to ensure the interchangeability of the shock absorber.

[0074] Universal design: By adjusting the design parameters, the shock absorber can be used in bogies of different types and specifications.

[0075] Standardized design of bolster module:

[0076] Design parameter determination: Determine the size and material of the bolster, the size and material of the side frame and other parameters to ensure the performance of the bolster module.

[0077] Interface standardization: standardize the connection method between the bolster and the car body and bogie, and the connection method between the side frame and the car body and bogie to ensure the interchangeability of the bolster modules.

[0078] Universal design: By adjusting the design parameters, the bolster module can be applied to bogies of different types and specifications.

[0079] Through the above-mentioned standardized design steps, it can be ensured that each module has high versatility and interchangeability during the design, production and use processes, thereby improving the utilization rate of the bogie.

[0080] Wherein step S2 is specifically implemented by the following steps:

[0081] Step S201: Collect and analyze customer needs, and divide customer needs into personalized needs, fixed needs, and variable needs, specifically:

[0082] Customer demand information is collected through various means, including questionnaires, market research and user feedback. Customer demand information includes customer expectations for bogie weight, load, durability, maintainability, etc. According to different collection methods, corresponding tools and methods are designed to ensure comprehensive and accurate acquisition of customer requirements for bogie performance and characteristics.

[0083] The collected demand data will be sorted and preliminarily analyzed to remove duplicate and invalid information. According to the nature and characteristics of customer needs, customer needs will be divided into personalized needs, fixed needs and changing needs, specifically:

[0084] The personalized needs are proposed by customers based on specific application scenarios and special requirements. For example, customers need bogies that can operate in low or high temperature environments, or bogies that can operate under special track conditions; these needs are usually unique and customized.

[0085] The fixed requirements are basic requirements common to all customers, such as the safety, reliability, basic load-bearing capacity of the bogie, etc. These requirements usually do not change with different customers and are the basic requirements for bogie design.

[0086] The change requirements are proposed by customers based on specific application conditions and changing operating environments, such as the speed level, load capacity, structural form, etc. of the bogie. These requirements vary slightly due to different customers, but are universal within a certain range.

[0087] Step S202: Based on the impact of different customer requirements on the bogie modules and the interaction between the bogie modules, determine the first common module, specifically:

[0088] The wheelset axle box module is mainly used to support the weight of the vehicle body and transfer it to the track, while guiding the wheels along the track and providing the necessary adhesion to prevent slipping, which is affected by the fixing requirements.

[0089] The foundation brake module is used to provide the train's braking force, ensuring that the train can slow down or stop when required, subject to fixed demand.

[0090] The primary suspension module is used to alleviate the impact caused by wheel-track unevenness, absorb vibration, and improve the comfort and stability of the vehicle. It is affected by both fixed and variable requirements.

[0091] The secondary suspension module further filters the high-frequency vibration of the bogie, improves ride comfort, and is affected by changing requirements.

[0092] The shock absorber module is used to transfer the longitudinal load between the bogie and the car body while alleviating the vibration and impact generated during the operation of the vehicle. It is affected by both fixed and variable demands.

[0093] The bolster module is used to connect various devices in the bogie, bear loads from all directions, ensure the stability and reliability of the bogie, and is affected by fixing requirements.

[0094] Wheelset axle box module and suspension module: The wheelset axle box module is connected to the vehicle body through the suspension system. The wheelset axle box module supports the weight of the vehicle body and transfers it to the suspension module.

[0095] Basic brake module and wheelset axle box module: The basic brake module provides braking force, which is transmitted to the track through the wheelset axle box module.

[0096] Suspension module and shock absorber module: The suspension module and the shock absorber module work together to alleviate vibration and impact during operation.

[0097] Primary suspension module and secondary suspension module: The primary suspension module and secondary suspension module work together on the vehicle body, and the adjustment performance of the secondary suspension module directly affects the effect of the primary suspension module.

[0098] The remote pillow module connects and supports all other modules and bears loads from all directions. The design of other modules must take into account the load-bearing capacity and structural strength of the remote pillow module.

[0099] Through the above analysis, the wheelset axle box module, the basic brake module and the bolster module are determined as the first universal module. The first universal module is the preferred module in the bogie, showing high versatility and adapting to different user needs by flexibly changing the configuration. The first universal module does not respond strongly to customer needs that vary within a specific range, or only responds to fixed customer needs.

[0100] Step S203: Evaluate the change cost and change risk of the bogie module, and determine the second common module and the differentiated module, specifically:

[0101] The change cost includes direct cost and indirect cost; the direct cost includes material cost, manufacturing cost and testing cost; changing the parameters of the air spring requires redesign and manufacturing, which requires additional material and manufacturing costs; the indirect costs include production downtime, supply chain adjustment, maintenance and service costs, etc.; changing the design of the basic frame requires readjustment of the production line, which increases the costs of production downtime and supply chain adjustment.

[0102] Change risks include technical risks and market risks; the technical risks include design reliability, manufacturing feasibility, and performance consistency; changing the design of the lubrication system will affect the reliability and performance stability of the bogie; the market risks include customer acceptance, market competitiveness, and difficulty in product promotion; changing the design of standard bearings will affect the market acceptance and competitiveness of the product.

[0103] Through the analysis of change costs and change risks, the first-series suspension module and the second-series suspension module are determined as the second universal module. The first-series suspension module and the second-series suspension module may be changed when customer needs change, but the change costs and change risks are high. In order to prevent the increase in change costs and change risks caused by changes to the first-series suspension module and the second-series suspension module, the first-series suspension module and the second-series suspension module are determined as the second universal module.

[0104] Through the analysis of change costs and change risks, the shock absorber module is identified as a differentiated module. The shock absorber module shows high sensitivity when customer needs change and is likely to change, but the change costs and change risks are relatively low and can be adjusted according to customer needs. Therefore, the shock absorber module is identified as a differentiated module to effectively meet the various needs of customers.

[0105] Wherein step S3 is specifically implemented by the following steps:

[0106] Step S301: Use UG software to perform parametric modeling of the bogie, and generate a three-dimensional model of the bogie by setting the bogie design parameters, specifically:

[0107] According to the bogie module division and bogie module identification results and customer requirements, the design parameters of each bogie module are defined; these parameters include axle diameter, axle box size, suspension system stiffness, shock absorber length, air spring height, etc.

[0108] Using the parametric modeling tool of UG software, the three-dimensional models of each module of the bogie are established according to the definition of design parameters. Each model should be associated with the defined design parameters to facilitate modification and optimization; when creating a suspension system module, the stiffness of the suspension system, the damping coefficient of the shock absorber and other parameters can be defined to generate the corresponding three-dimensional model; the parametric models of each module are associated to form a complete three-dimensional model of the bogie; by modifying the design parameters, the three-dimensional model of the bogie can be adjusted and updated in real time; by adjusting the height of the air spring, the impact on the entire bogie model can be observed and analyzed in real time.

[0109] Step S302: Convert the generated 3D model into an engineering drawing to ensure that the engineering drawing meets the requirements, specifically:

[0110] According to the 3D model of the bogie, select the appropriate view for projection; commonly used views include front view, top view, and side view; select the front view to show the overall structure of the bogie, and select the top view and side view to show the detailed dimensions and assembly relationships of each module of the bogie.

[0111] Dimensioning should be performed on each view in the engineering drawing. Dimensioning should use unified marking methods and symbols; for example, tolerance symbols are used to mark dimensional tolerances, and welding symbols are used to mark welding requirements.

[0112] Add necessary symbols and annotations to the drawing, for example, material symbols, surface treatment symbols, assembly order annotations, etc.

[0113] Engineering drawings should contain necessary information such as title bar, drawing frame, scale, drawing number, etc. to ensure the standardization and completeness of the drawings; for example, the design name, drawing number, scale, etc. of the bogie should be indicated in the title bar.

[0114] Wherein step S4 is specifically implemented by the following steps:

[0115] Step S401: Use ANSYS software to perform finite element modeling on the key parts of the bogie, set appropriate material properties and boundary conditions, perform finite element meshing, and select appropriate unit types and mesh density, specifically:

[0116] The three-dimensional model of the bogie is exported from the UG software and imported into the ANSYS software; according to the material selection of the key parts of the bogie, appropriate material properties are set in the ANSYS software; the material properties include elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, density, yield strength and fatigue limit, etc.; the boundary conditions of the three-dimensional model of the bogie are set in the ANSYS software, and the boundary conditions include fixed support, constraint, load and contact, etc.; in the ANSYS software, the three-dimensional model of the bogie is meshed by finite element, and the complex structure is divided into a finite number of small units. According to the characteristics of the three-dimensional model of the bogie and the analysis requirements, the appropriate unit type is selected, and the element type includes one-dimensional unit, two-dimensional unit and three-dimensional unit.

[0117] Determine the appropriate mesh density to ensure the uniformity and fineness of the mesh division, increase the mesh density in key areas to improve analysis accuracy, and reduce the mesh density in secondary areas to improve calculation efficiency.

[0118] Step S402: Apply loads, perform static analysis, modal analysis and fatigue analysis, and analyze the performance of the bogie under different working conditions, specifically:

[0119] Loads are applied according to the working conditions of the bogie, and the loads include static loads, dynamic loads and periodic loads; static loads include vehicle body weight, axle weight, braking force, etc.; dynamic loads include impact force, vibration force, etc.; periodic loads include cyclic loads, etc.

[0120] Static analysis is to analyze the mechanical properties of the bogie such as stress, strain and deformation under static load by solving the static equilibrium equation.

[0121] Use the static analysis module of ANSYS software to apply static loads, solve static equilibrium equations, calculate the stress, strain and deformation of each component, and use the software processing module to analyze the calculation results and determine the stress distribution and deformation. For example, analyze the stress concentration areas of the axle and axle box, and evaluate the deformation of the wheelset axle box.

[0122] Through static analysis, the strength and stiffness of the bogie under static working conditions can be evaluated, the stress distribution and deformation of key parts can be determined, and the rationality of the design can be verified.

[0123] Modal analysis is to analyze the natural frequency and vibration mode of the bogie by solving the eigenvalue equation and evaluate the vibration characteristics of the bogie under dynamic load.

[0124] The modal analysis module of ANSYS software is used to apply dynamic loads, solve the eigenvalue equation, calculate the natural frequency and vibration mode of the bogie, and analyze the calculation results through the software processing module to determine the natural frequency and vibration mode of each order mode.

[0125] Through modal analysis, the natural frequency of the bogie can be determined to avoid resonance of the bogie during operation and improve the dynamic performance of the bogie.

[0126] Fatigue analysis is to evaluate the fatigue life and durability of the bogie by analyzing the stress and deformation of the bogie under cyclic loads.

[0127] Use the fatigue analysis module of ANSYS software to apply cyclic loads, solve the fatigue life equation, calculate the fatigue life and damage distribution of the bogie, and use the software processing module to analyze the calculation results and determine the fatigue life and damage distribution; for example, analyze the fatigue damage location of the remote sleeper module and evaluate the service life of the bogie.

[0128] Through fatigue analysis, the fatigue damage of the bogie during long-term use can be predicted and the service life and reliability of the bogie can be evaluated.

[0129] Wherein step S5 is specifically implemented by the following steps:

[0130] The topology optimization is a method to achieve the best bogie structural performance by redistributing and arranging the design space; topology optimization can improve the strength and stiffness of the bogie structure, reduce the use of materials, and improve the economy and environmental protection of the design; the unit birth and death algorithm and genetic algorithm are commonly used topology optimization methods; the unit birth and death algorithm optimizes and improves the bogie structure by activating and eliminating units in the finite element grid; the genetic algorithm encodes key dimensional parameters and uses a fitness function to evaluate the performance of each candidate solution to obtain the best dimensional solution.

[0131] Based on the 3D model of the bogie, an initial finite element model is established, the design space and initial unit distribution are defined, the material properties of each unit in the initial model are set, and loads are applied. Through multiple iterations, the units in the finite element mesh are gradually activated and eliminated to optimize the layout and shape of the structure.

[0132] The key dimensional parameters of the bogie are binary-encoded to generate an initial parameter population, and each key dimensional parameter of the bogie represents a candidate solution; for example, different axle diameters, suspension system stiffness, and shock absorber length; a fitness function is defined according to the design requirements and usage standards of the bogie to evaluate the performance of each candidate solution, and the fitness function includes indicators such as the weight, strength, and performance of the bogie; based on the evaluation result of the fitness function, the key dimensional parameters of the bogie with high fitness are selected, and a cross operation is performed on the key dimensional parameters of the selected bogie to generate new candidate solutions; the cross operation can adopt single-point crossover, multi-point crossover, and other methods; through multiple iterations, the key dimensional design parameters of the bogie are gradually optimized to improve the performance and quality of the design.

[0133] Through the topology optimization of unit life and death algorithm and genetic algorithm, the design cycle and cost can be reduced, the design efficiency can be improved, the optimal design parameters can be sought, and the design quality of the bogie can be improved.

[0134] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiment of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website site, computer, server or data center to another website site, computer, server or data center by wired (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that contains one or more available media sets. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape), an optical medium (e.g., a DVD), or a semiconductor medium. The semiconductor medium can be a solid-state hard disk.

[0135] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the modules and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0136] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and modules described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0137] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the modules is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple modules or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or modules, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0138] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules, and may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0139] In addition, each functional module in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing module, or each module may exist physically separately, or two or more modules may be integrated into one module.

[0140] If the functions are implemented in the form of software function modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application can be essentially or partly embodied in the form of a software product that contributes to the prior art. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[0141] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

[0142] Finally: The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bogie analysis and design method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Divide the bogie into modules according to the bogie structure decomposition and standardized decomposition method; Step S2: Based on the bogie module division result, identify the bogie module type and determine the common module and the differentiated module; Step S3: According to the bogie module division and bogie module identification results, the bogie modular design is performed, and a bogie three-dimensional model and engineering drawing are generated in combination with a parametric design method; Step S4: using finite element analysis technology to perform simulation analysis on key parts of the bogie to ensure the rationality and reliability of the bogie design; Step S5: Topologically optimize the bogie structure and size based on the unit life and death algorithm and the genetic algorithm to improve the bogie design efficiency and design quality.

2. A bogie analysis and design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1 includes the following steps: Step S101: Based on the structural characteristics of the bogie, the bogie is decomposed into a wheelset axle box module, a basic brake module, a primary suspension module, a secondary suspension module, a shock absorbing device module, and a remote sleeper module: The structure of the bogie includes a wheelset, an axle box, a suspension system, a braking system, a traction and shock absorbing device, a bolster and a side frame; the wheelset includes a wheel and an axle, which is the basic component of the bogie, directly contacts the track, bears the entire weight of the train and transfers the entire weight of the train to the track; the axle box is installed at both ends of the axle, has built-in bearings, and alleviates vibration and impact through elastic connection; the suspension system includes a primary suspension and a secondary suspension, which are used to absorb and alleviate vibration and impact during the operation of the train and improve ride comfort; the braking system provides the braking force of the train to ensure that the train can safely decelerate and stop; the bolster and side frame are the main load-bearing structures of the bogie, connecting various functional components and bearing loads from all directions; According to the structural characteristics of the bogie, the bogie is divided into modules, including the wheelset axle box module, the basic brake module, the primary suspension module, the secondary suspension module, the shock absorber module, and the remote sleeper module; Step S102: Using standardized design principles, the bogie is divided into standardized modules: The standardized design principles are as follows: Module universality: ensure that the design of each module can be applied to bogies of different types and specifications; Interface standardization: ensure the consistency of interfaces between modules to facilitate module combination and interchange; Design parameter standardization: Standardize the design parameters of each module.

3. A bogie analysis and design method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step S201: Collect and analyze customer needs, and divide customer needs into personalized needs, fixed needs, and variable needs: Collect customer demand information through various means, organize and preliminarily analyze the collected demand data, remove duplicate and invalid information, and classify customer needs into personalized needs, fixed needs, and changing needs according to the nature and characteristics of customer needs; Step S202: Based on the impact of different customer requirements on bogie modules and the interaction between bogie modules, determine the first common module: The first universal module is the preferred module in the bogie, exhibits high versatility, and does not respond strongly to customer demands that vary within a specific range, or only responds to fixed customer demands; Step S203: Evaluate the change cost and change risk of the bogie module, and determine the second common module and the differentiated module: The change cost includes direct cost and indirect cost, and the change risk includes technical risk and market risk. Through the analysis of change cost and change risk, the first-series suspension module and the second-series suspension module are determined as the second general module, and the shock absorber module is determined as the differentiated module.

4. A bogie analysis and design method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Step S301: Use UG software to perform parametric modeling of the bogie, and generate a three-dimensional model of the bogie by setting the bogie design parameters: According to the bogie module division and bogie module identification results and customer needs, define the design parameters of each bogie module, and use the parametric modeling tool of UG software to build the three-dimensional model of each bogie module according to the definition of design parameters; Step S302: Convert the generated 3D model into an engineering drawing to ensure that the engineering drawing meets the requirements: According to the bogie 3D model, select the appropriate view for projection. The engineering drawing should contain the necessary title bar, drawing frame, scale, drawing number information, dimension each view in the engineering drawing, and add necessary symbols and annotations in the engineering drawing.

5. A bogie analysis and design method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step S401: Use ANSYS software to perform finite element modeling on the key parts of the bogie, set appropriate material properties and boundary conditions, perform finite element meshing, and select appropriate unit types and mesh density: The bogie 3D model is exported from UG software and imported into ANSYS software. According to the material selection of the key parts of the bogie, appropriate material properties are set in ANSYS software. The boundary conditions of the bogie 3D model are set in ANSYS software. In ANSYS software, the finite element meshing of the bogie 3D model is performed to divide the complex structure into a finite number of small units, determine the appropriate mesh density, and ensure the uniformity and precision of the meshing; Step S402: Apply loads, perform static analysis, modal analysis and fatigue analysis, and analyze the performance of the bogie under different working conditions: According to the working condition of the bogie, loads are applied, and the loads include static loads, dynamic loads and periodic loads. Statics analysis, modal analysis module and fatigue analysis module of ANSYS software are used to perform statics analysis, modal analysis and fatigue analysis.

6. A bogie analysis and design method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The key dimensional parameters of the bogie are binary-encoded to generate an initial parameter population, and each key dimensional parameter of the bogie represents a candidate solution; according to the design requirements and usage standards of the bogie, a fitness function is defined to evaluate the performance of each candidate solution, and the fitness function includes the weight, strength, and performance indicators of the bogie; according to the evaluation result of the fitness function, the key dimensional parameters of the bogie with high fitness are selected, and a cross operation is performed on the key dimensional parameters of the selected bogie to generate new candidate solutions; the cross operation can adopt a single-point crossover method or a multi-point crossover method; through multiple iterations, the key dimensional design parameters of the bogie are gradually optimized to improve the performance and quality of the design.

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