Green prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of silage corn in oasis agricultural area

Abstract

The invention provides a green prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of silage corn in an oasis agricultural district, and belongs to the technical field of prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests, the prevention and control method comprises the following steps: 1) before sowing, corn seeds are coated, and the coating preparation comprises benfuracarb, fludioxonil, rosin.ethylidene.brassica campestris and Trigonella seseloides; 2) corn large horn mouth period: spraying a first preparation on leaf surfaces; the composition is prepared from the following raw materials: benzoyl, propiconazole, abamectin, chlorobenzoyl, red, ethylidene.brassica, Tubajia and Anfule; (3) in the early stage of corn spinning, spraying a second preparation, namely benzyl azoxystrobin, SYP-9625, tetrachlorantraniliprole, Toubajia and Anfule, on leaf surfaces. According to the prevention and control method, field diseases and insect pests are effectively controlled, and the prevention and control effect reaches 62.6%; the plant height, the stem diameter and the fresh grass weight of the silage corn are respectively increased by 17.8%, 11.4% and 9.2%, and the yield of the fresh grass per mu reaches 5641.2 Kg; the preparation is safe to corn seeds and plants, meanwhile, the field pesticide application frequency is reduced, the prevention and treatment cost is reduced, and the preparation can be popularized and used.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop disease and insect pest control, and specifically to a green disease and insect pest control method for silage corn in oasis agricultural areas. Background Art

[0002] Silage corn refers to a type of corn variety that is made from the entire above-ground plant, including the corn cobs, after being chopped, processed and fermented. It is characterized by high biological yield, rich nutritional value, high digestibility, good palatability and lasting greenness. It is the main source of high-quality roughage for ruminants such as cattle and sheep, and has significant cost-saving and efficiency-increasing effects in breeding.

[0003] At present, there is only one method for the prevention and control of diseases and pests of silage corn. The biological control technology has high cost and poor effect. The long-term use of chemical control technology and chemical agents will cause problems such as pesticide residues, environmental pollution, and damage to the ecological environment. Integrated control technology including seed coating and biological control is an important technical means of prevention and control for the safe production of silage corn. In the production process of silage corn in the oasis agricultural area of ​​the Hexi Corridor, there are problems such as weak plants, serious field pests and diseases, pesticide residues, and low plant yields. The research and application of integrated control technology with high durability, crop growth regulation, significant control effect, and low control cost is an important technical means to ensure the production of silage corn in the oasis agricultural area.

[0004] In view of this, a green control method for silage corn pests and diseases in oasis agricultural areas is provided to overcome the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a green control method for silage corn diseases and insect pests in oasis agricultural areas to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a green control method for silage corn pests in oasis agricultural areas, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Seed coating before sowing:

[0008] For every 1 kg of corn seeds, add 1.0 mL of 94% benfuracarb + 2.0 mL of 62.5 g / L fludioxonil + 1.5 g of plant growth regulator (0.136% red indole ethyl brassica) + 1.5 mL of seed germination initiator (ZTB seed germination agent);

[0009] Step 2: Spray corn leaves during the flaring period:

[0010] The first preparation: 300g / L benzoyl·propiconazole 2000 times liquid + 6% abamectin·chlorphenamide 2000 times liquid + plant growth regulator (0.136% red·indole·brassica) 7500 times liquid + soluble silicon fertilizer (Tubaojia, Si ≥ 100g / L) 500 times liquid + adjuvant (Anrongle) 5000 times liquid;

[0011] Step 3: Leaf spray before corn silking:

[0012] The second preparation: 1500 times diluted 325g / L benzoyl·pyraclostrobin + 2500 times diluted 30% ethidium bromide + 2000 times diluted 10% tetrachlorvinphos + 500 times diluted soluble silicon fertilizer (Tubaojia, Si≥100g / L) + 5000 times diluted adjuvant (Anrongle).

[0013] Furthermore, before sowing, corn seeds are coated with an improved coating formula. The improved coating formula uses low-toxic agents with better prevention and control effects to replace traditional highly toxic seed coating agents, focusing on the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases, seed-borne diseases and underground pests. When coating the seeds, first add a seed germination initiator (ZTB) and mix well, then evenly add a plant growth regulator (0.136% red indole ethyl brassica rapa) and mix well, then add benfuracarb and fludioxonil and mix well, and after the agents are fully mixed and dried, they can be sown and used, which can quickly break seed dormancy, enhance seed immunity, effectively improve the germination rate and uniformity of germination, and reduce the planting cost of the traditional "dense planting to protect seedlings".

[0014] Furthermore, during the corn trumpeting period, low-toxic and high-efficiency insecticides and fungicides are used for foliar spraying to prevent corn leaf spot, smut, head smut, corn borer, aphids and other pests and diseases in the corn field in the early stage. When spraying the leaves during the corn trumpeting period, the agent is prepared according to the principle of "preparing and using immediately, not suitable for long-term storage". The preparation order of the first preparation is: adjuvant (Anrongle), soluble silicon fertilizer (Tubaojia, Si ≥ 100g / L), plant growth regulator (0.136% red indole ethyl brassica), abamyl chloranil, benzoyl propiconazole, each time one is added, stir and mix thoroughly, and then add the next one. During preparation, secondary dilution is required, that is, use a measuring cylinder or beaker to dilute the high concentration of the liquid medicine first, and then add it to a medicine box with a certain amount of water, dilute to the use concentration, supplement some nutrients required by corn plants, enhance the resistance of corn plants, and effectively solve the problem of "big and small seedlings" of corn plants in the field.

[0015] Furthermore, in the early stage of corn silking, low-toxic and high-efficiency insecticides and fungicides are used for foliar spraying to effectively prevent and control corn rust, leaf spot, cotton bollworm, corn spider mite, two-spotted long-toed firefly leaf beetle and other pests and diseases in the field, with a focus on protecting silk and ear differentiation. When spraying the leaves in the early stage of corn silking, the agent is prepared according to the principle of "preparing and using immediately, not suitable for long-term storage". The preparation order of the second preparation is: adjuvant (Anrongle), soluble silicon fertilizer (Tubaojia, Si≥100g / L), benzoyl·pyraclostrobin, ethoxaclostrobin, tetrachlorvinphos, each adding one and stirring and mixing thoroughly, and then adding the next one. During preparation, secondary dilution is required, that is, using a measuring cylinder or beaker to dilute the high concentration of the liquid medicine first, and then add it to a medicine box with a certain amount of water, dilute to the use concentration, further enhance the resistance and lodging resistance of corn plants, and ensure the quality and biological yield of silage corn.

[0016] Furthermore, the emergence rate statistics were conducted during the silage corn emergence stage.

[0017] Furthermore, the silage corn is harvested from the late milky stage to the early waxy stage, and the fresh grass yield and hay yield of the silage corn are counted.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. Due to reasons such as seed quality, the silage corn in the oasis agricultural area of ​​the Hexi Corridor generally has a poor seed germination rate. The present invention is based on the improvement of the traditional highly toxic coating agent, and uses a low-toxic agent with better prevention and control effect to replace the traditional highly toxic seed coating agent, focusing on the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases, seed-borne diseases and underground pests. At the same time, plant growth regulators and seed germination initiators are added during seed coating to quickly break seed dormancy, enhance seed immunity, effectively improve the germination rate and uniformity of germination, and reduce the planting cost of the traditional "dense planting to protect seedlings".

[0020] 2. During the trumpet stage, corn plants grow vigorously, require more water and fertilizer, and have poor disease and insect resistance. The present invention uses low-toxic and high-efficiency insecticides and fungicides to carry out foliar spraying to prevent the damage of early corn leaf spot, smut, head smut, corn borer, aphids and other pests and diseases in corn fields. At the same time, plant growth regulators and soluble silicon fertilizers are added during spraying to supplement some nutrients required by corn plants, enhance the resistance of corn plants, and effectively solve the problem of "big and small seedlings" of corn plants in the field.

[0021] 3. In the early stage of corn silking, the ear differentiation is vigorous and it is easy to be harmed by diseases and insects. The present invention uses low-toxic and high-efficiency insecticides and fungicides to carry out foliar spraying, which can effectively prevent and control the damage of field corn rust, leaf spot, cotton bollworm, corn spider mite, two-spotted long-toed firefly leaf beetle and other pests and diseases, protect corn silk and reduce damage, and add soluble silicon fertilizer during spraying to further enhance the resistance and lodging resistance of corn plants, and ensure the quality and biological yield of silage corn.

[0022] 4. The agent configuration of the present invention is easy to operate, and the agent seed dressing and spraying technologies are relatively mature, and are easily accepted and applied in the field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is an operating principle diagram of a green control method for plant diseases and insect pests in oasis agricultural areas of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a diagram of the operation steps of a green control method for silage corn diseases and insect pests in a green control method for silage corn diseases and insect pests in an oasis agricultural area of ​​the present invention; Figure 3 The present invention is a comparative diagram of the chlorophyll content index of silage corn leaves in a green control method for silage corn diseases and insect pests in oasis agricultural areas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] The invention provides a green and efficient solution to the problems of weak plants, serious pest damage and low yield in the production process of silage corn in the oasis agricultural area of ​​the Hexi Corridor.

[0026] The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0027] From April to September 2021, a field trial of green control of diseases and insect pests of silage corn was carried out in Lianjiazhuang Village, Wunan Town, Liangzhou District, Wuwei City, Gansu Province.

[0028] The silage corn variety tested was Jinsui 1915. The field planting density was 6,000 plants / mu.

[0029] The test treatment is:

[0030] Step 1: Seed coating before sowing:

[0031] For every 1 kg of corn seeds, add 1.0 mL of 94% benfuracarb + 2.0 mL of 62.5 g / L fludioxonil + 1.5 g of plant growth regulator (0.136% red indole ethyl brassica) + 1.5 mL of seed germination initiator (ZTB seed germination agent);

[0032] Step 2: Spray corn leaves during the flaring period:

[0033] The first preparation: 300g / L benzoyl·propiconazole 2000 times liquid + 6% abamectin·chlorphenamide 2000 times liquid + plant growth regulator (0.136% red·indole·brassica) 7500 times liquid + soluble silicon fertilizer (Tubaojia, Si ≥ 100g / L) 500 times liquid + adjuvant (Anrongle) 5000 times liquid;

[0034] Step 3: Leaf spray before corn silking:

[0035] The second preparation: 1500 times diluted 325g / L benzoyl·pyraclostrobin + 2500 times diluted 30% ethidium bromide + 2000 times diluted 10% tetrachlorvinphos + 500 times diluted soluble silicon fertilizer (Tubaojia, Si≥100g / L) + 5000 times diluted adjuvant (Anrongle).

[0036] A clean water control test is set up for each step.

[0037] See Figure 2 , operation steps of green control methods for silage corn pests and diseases;

[0039] Example 1

[0040] 1. Field survey items and methods:

[0041] 1.1 Seedling emergence rate: Investigate the seedling emergence rate in the field and observe whether there is any pesticide damage. 1.2

[0043] Phenological period records: Silage corn was sown in mid-April 2021 and harvested in mid-September, recording the emergence stage, jointing stage, flaring stage, heading stage, flowering stage, milky stage and waxy stage. 1.3

[0045] Chlorophyll content determination: From the tasseling stage to the waxy stage of silage corn, the chlorophyll content of silage corn leaves was determined using a portable chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502P lus, USA), and 15 silage corns were selected for each treatment. 1.4

[0047] Agronomic traits: When silage corn was harvested, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight per plant, and dry weight per plant of 15 corn plants in each treatment were counted and the average values ​​were taken. 1.5

[0049] Yield traits: Silage corn is harvested from the late milky stage to the early waxy stage, and the fresh grass yield and hay yield of silage corn are counted.

[0050] 1.6 Control effect: Investigate the occurrence of pests and diseases in 15 corn plants for each treatment, and calculate the control effect. Control effect (%) = (number of control pest plants -

[0051] Number of plants with pests and diseases treated / number of plants with pests and diseases in control 1.7

[0053] Nutrient composition determination: Crude ash, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were determined.

[0054] 2Test results: 2.1

[0056] Germination rate: After the seeds germinate, the field germination rate is counted. The germination rate of corn seeds coated with the seed coating of this scheme is 86.44%, and the germination rate of the control is 85.22%, which is 1.22% higher than the control, and the field uniformity is better. The improved seed coating of a green control method for pests and diseases of silage corn in oasis agricultural areas provided by this scheme is safe and reliable for silage corn seeds, and effectively improves the field germination rate and germination uniformity of silage corn seeds. 2.2

[0058] Phenological period: Silage corn Jinsui 1915 was sown on April 17 and harvested on September 12, with a growth period of 148 days. The green control method for silage corn pests and diseases in oasis agricultural areas provided in this plan has no obvious effect on the growth period of silage corn Jinsui 1915, and has no effect on large-scale concentrated operations in the field. The time of each growth period is shown in Table 1.

[0059] Table 1: Effect of this program on the growth period of silage corn; Date: Month-Day

[0060] 2.3

[0062] Agronomic traits: The green pest control method for silage corn in oasis agricultural areas provided by this program has a significant effect on the plant height, ear height and stem diameter of silage corn Jinsui 1915, reaching 300.5cm, 118.2cm, and 25.91cm, an increase of 17.75%, 23.90%, and 11.44% respectively. The significant plant height effectively increases the plant's biological yield and the significant stem diameter effectively increases the plant's ability to resist lodging in the field. The differences in agronomic traits are shown in Table 2.

[0063] Table 2: Effects of this program on agronomic traits of silage corn; unit: cm

[0064]

[0065] 2.4 Chlorophyll content:

[0066] The chlorophyll content index of the silage corn leaves treated by this scheme increased significantly compared with the control. This scheme provides a green control method for silage corn pests and diseases in oasis agricultural areas. It not only has a positive effect on the increase of chlorophyll content in silage corn Jinsui 1915, but also enhances the photosynthesis of the plant, which is beneficial to the plant's biological yield and nutrient accumulation. The difference in chlorophyll content index is shown in Figure 1 .

[0067] See Figure 3 : Comparison of the chlorophyll content index of silage corn leaves in this scheme;

[0069] 2.5 Prevention and control effect:

[0070] This scheme has significant control effects on silage corn stalk rot, corn ear rot and corn rust, and the disease incidence rate is significantly reduced, with control effects of 58.6%, 63.7% and 60.0%; at the same time, it effectively controls the damage of cotton bollworm, and the damage rate is significantly reduced, with a control effect of 68.0%. The green control method for silage corn diseases and insect pests in oasis agricultural areas provided by this scheme has significant control effects on silage corn diseases and insect pests, effectively reducing the number of diseases and insects carried by plants and their secondary metabolic toxins, and effectively improving the quality of silage corn. The pest control effect is shown in Table 3.

[0071] Table 3: Effect of this scheme on silage corn pests and diseases; Unit: %

[0072]

[0073] 2.7 Biological production:

[0074] This scheme has a significant effect on the biological yield of silage corn, with the fresh weight and dry weight of the whole plant increasing by 9.2% and 7.5% respectively compared with the control. This scheme provides a green pest control method for silage corn in oasis agricultural areas, which has a significant effect on improving the biological yield of silage corn. The fresh weight of silage corn per mu reaches 5641.2 kg, which is 475.3 kg more than the control, effectively increasing the fresh grass yield of silage corn. The increase in biological yield is shown in Table 4.

[0075] Table 4: Effect of this scheme on the biological yield of silage corn; unit: Kg

[0076] 2.8

[0078] Nutrients: This solution increases crude fat, monosaccharides, crude protein, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber in silage corn to varying degrees, increasing by 9.9%, 14.3%, 6.15%, 7.9% and 7.0% respectively. This solution provides a green pest control method for silage corn in oasis agricultural areas, which increases the nutrients of silage corn to a certain extent, and the nutritional value of the plants is higher. Since the plants treated by this solution have better green retention, the crude ash and starch content are lower than the control, which is healthier for cattle and sheep. The improvement of nutrients is shown in Table 5.

[0079] Table 5: Effect of this scheme on nutrients of silage corn; Unit: %

[0080]

[0081] 3 Summary and Analysis

[0082] The scheme provides a green control method for silage corn diseases and insect pests in oasis agricultural areas. The silage corn plants treated with this method have good green retention, do not affect the growth period of silage corn, and do not affect the centralized and unified continuous planting of silage corn; the improved seed coating can improve the field emergence rate and uniformity of silage corn, and is safe for seeds; it helps to increase the chlorophyll content of corn, enhance photosynthesis, and accumulate nutrients; it has obvious control effects on silage corn stalk rot, ear rot, rust and cotton bollworm, significantly reduces the field incidence and pest rate, and reduces the diseases carried by silage corn plants. The number of insects and the content of their secondary metabolites further improve the quality of silage corn, making it safer for cattle and sheep eating silage corn, and thus beneficial to human health; the plant height, ear height, stem thickness, and fresh grass yield of silage corn are significantly improved, while the lodging resistance of silage corn is enhanced, effectively increasing the biological yield of silage corn and reducing the difficulty of mechanical harvesting; silage corn has high crude fat, monosaccharides, crude protein, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber, low crude ash and starch content, high nutritional value of the plant, and is healthier for cattle and sheep eating silage corn. The green control method for silage corn pests in oasis agricultural areas provided in this scheme effectively reduces the number of field pesticide applications and reduces the cost of prevention and control.

Claims

1. A green control method for silage corn pests in oasis agricultural areas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Seed coating before sowing: Every 1.0 Kg corn seeds, 94% benfuracarb 1.0mL + 62.5g / L fludioxonil 2.0mL + plant growth regulator (0.136% red indole ethyl brassica) 1.5g + seed germination initiator (ZTB seed special pine) 1.5mL; Step 2: Spray the leaves of corn during the trumpeting period: The first preparation: 300g / L benzoyl·propiconazole 2000 times liquid + 6% abamectin·chlorphenamide 2000 times liquid + plant growth regulator (0.136% red·indole·brassica) 7500 times liquid + soluble silicon fertilizer (Tubaojia, Si ≥ 100g / L) 500 times liquid + adjuvant (Anrongle) 5000 times liquid; Step 3: Leaf spray before corn silking: The second preparation: 1500 times diluted 325g / L benzoyl·pyraclostrobin + 2500 times diluted 30% ethidium bromide + 2000 times diluted 10% tetrachlorvinphos + 500 times diluted soluble silicon fertilizer (Tubaojia, Si≥100g / L) + 5000 times diluted adjuvant (Anrongle).

2. A green control method for pests and diseases of silage corn in oasis agricultural areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before sowing, corn seeds are coated with an improved coating formula. The improved coating formula uses low-toxic agents with better control effects to replace traditional highly toxic seed coating agents. At the same time, plant growth regulators (0.136% red indole and brassica rapa) and seed germination initiators (ZTB Seed Special Peng) are added during seed coating.

3. The green control method for pests and diseases of silage corn in oasis agricultural areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the corn trumpeting stage, use low-toxic and high-efficiency insecticides and fungicides to carry out foliar spraying. At the same time, add plant growth regulators (0.136% red indole ethyl brassica) and soluble silicon fertilizer (Tubaojia, Si ≥ 100g / L) during spraying.

4. The green control method for pests and diseases of silage corn in oasis agricultural areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the early stage of corn silking, use low-toxic and high-efficiency insecticides and fungicides to carry out foliar spraying, and add soluble silicon fertilizer (Tubaojia, Si≥100g / L) during spraying.

5. The green control method for pests and diseases of silage corn in oasis agricultural areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: When coating seeds, first add seed germination initiator (ZTB) and mix well, then evenly add plant growth regulator (0.136% red indole ethyl brassica) and mix well, finally add benfuracarb and fludioxonil and mix well, after the agents are fully mixed and dried, they can be sown and used.

6. The green control method for pests and diseases of silage corn in oasis agricultural areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: Foliar spray pesticides are prepared according to the principle of "prepare for immediate use and should not be stored for a long time". They need to be diluted twice during preparation, that is, the high concentration of the pesticide solution is first diluted using a measuring cylinder or beaker, and then added to a medicine box with a certain amount of water to be diluted to the use concentration.

7. The green control method for pests and diseases of silage corn in oasis agricultural areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation order of foliar spray agent for corn in the trumpeting stage is: adjuvant (Anrongle), soluble silicon fertilizer (Tubaojia, Si ≥ 100g / L), plant growth regulator (0.136% red indole brassica), abamectin·chlorobenzoic acid, and benzoyl·propiconazole. Stir thoroughly after adding each one, and then add the next one.

8. The green control method for pests and diseases of silage corn in oasis agricultural areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation order of foliar spray pesticides in the early stage of corn silking is adjuvant (Anrongle), soluble silicon fertilizer (Tubaojia, Si ≥ 100g / L), benzoyl-pyraclostrobin, ethidium bromide, and tetrachlorvinphos. Stir each one thoroughly before adding the next one.

9. The green control method for pests and diseases of silage corn in oasis agricultural areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emergence rate of silage corn is counted during the silage corn emergence stage; the silage corn is harvested from the late milky maturity to the early waxy maturity, and the fresh grass yield and hay yield of silage corn are counted.

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