A cathode current distribution regulating device and its regulating method for aluminum electrolysis cells

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum electrolytic cells, and specifically relates to an aluminum electrolytic cell cathode current distribution regulating device and a regulating method thereof, comprising a shell assembly, a plurality of anode assemblies are evenly arranged above the shell assembly, and a plurality of cathode assemblies are evenly arranged inside the shell assembly: the shell assembly comprises a bottom shell, an electrolysis chamber is opened inside the bottom shell, and a bracket is arranged above the bottom shell; the anode assembly comprises a plurality of anode rods, anode carbon blocks are arranged at the bottom of the anode rods through clamps, a power-on plate is arranged on one side of the plurality of anode rods, and the cathode assembly comprises a plurality of cathode carbon blocks; the device has high regulating accuracy and high regulating efficiency, can meet the requirements of accurate and efficient regulation of the cathode current distribution of the aluminum electrolytic cell, is simple to operate, safe and stable, has strong adaptability and high stability, can effectively improve the electrolyte amount and electrolysis efficiency of the electrolyte, and can ensure that the obtained aluminum liquid meets the actual processing and production requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum electrolytic cells, and in particular is a cathode current distribution regulating device and a regulating method for an aluminum electrolytic cell. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum reduction cells are the main thermal equipment for aluminum electrolysis production. They are used to decompose aluminum oxide in aluminum ore into aluminum metal and oxygen by electrolysis. The regulation of cathode current in aluminum reduction cells is a crucial link in the aluminum electrolysis production process. It is directly related to the operating efficiency, energy consumption and quality of aluminum products of the electrolysis cells.

[0003] Chinese invention patent CN102181883B discloses a cathode structure of an aluminum electrolytic cell that can controllably adjust the horizontal current in aluminum liquid. The cathode structure can readjust the distribution and size of the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid by using a continuous or partially protruding cathode steel rod or by adding a padding material with good conductivity at a certain position between an ordinary rectangular steel rod and a cathode carbon block. The aluminum electrolytic cell has low electrolysis efficiency and poor electrolysis effect.

[0004] Chinese invention patent CN103243352B discloses a method for adjusting the cathode current balance of an aluminum electrolytic cell and a connection structure of an aluminum electrolytic cell, a cathode steel bar and a cathode soft belt for implementing the method; the cathode current adjustment device of the aluminum electrolytic cell has low adjustment efficiency and poor adjustment effect.

[0005] When electrolyzing the electrolyte, the design deviation of the cathode carbon block or the precipitation inside the electrolysis chamber during the electrolysis process may cause uneven current distribution. Uneven current distribution may cause the operation stability of the electrolysis chamber to decrease, the power-on efficiency to decrease, the power consumption to increase, and even accelerate the damage of the electrolysis chamber, thereby causing serious safety accidents.

[0006] At the same time, when it is necessary to adjust the current inside the electrolytic chamber, if there are dust and impurities on the outer surface of the crimping block or the busbar, it will affect the plug-in power-on efficiency, and directly affect the power-on stability; and when the current inside the electrolytic chamber is too large, the existing technologies lack a quick power-off function, so when the electrolytic chamber is in a high current state for a long time, it is easy to cause damage to the internal structure.

[0007] The aluminum liquid formed after the electrolyte in the electrolytic chamber is electrolyzed will be deposited on the outer surface of the cathode carbon block. If it cannot be cleaned, it will not only reduce the recovery efficiency of the aluminum liquid, but also affect the subsequent electrolytic reaction. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a cathode current distribution regulating device and a regulating method for an aluminum electrolysis cell.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a cathode current distribution regulating device for an aluminum electrolytic cell, comprising a shell assembly, a plurality of anode assemblies are evenly arranged above the shell assembly, and a plurality of cathode assemblies are evenly arranged inside the shell assembly:

[0010] The housing assembly comprises a bottom shell, an electrolytic chamber is provided inside the bottom shell, and a bracket is provided above the bottom shell;

[0011] The anode assembly comprises a plurality of anode rods, the bottom of each anode rod is provided with an anode carbon block through a clamp, and one side of each anode rod is provided with a power supply plate;

[0012] The cathode assembly includes a plurality of cathode carbon blocks, a plurality of cathode rods are evenly arranged inside the cathode carbon blocks, two bus bars are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom shell, a plurality of sleeves are evenly arranged on the bus bar close to the cathode carbon block, an electromagnetic block is arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve, a sliding magnetic block is sealingly and slidingly connected inside the sleeve, a plurality of crimping blocks are evenly arranged above the other end of the sliding magnetic block through a support rod, a plurality of plug-in rods are evenly arranged on the crimping block close to one end of the bus bar, and the length of the plug-in rods gradually decreases from top to bottom.

[0013] The present invention adjusts the moving position of the sliding magnetic block inside the sleeve according to the size of the internal current of the busbar, and correspondingly adjusts the crimping amount of the crimping block, thereby further improving the power-on stability and safety of the cathode carbon block and avoiding affecting the subsequent electrolysis of the electrolyte inside the electrolysis chamber. At the same time, when the sliding magnetic block moves, it can also squeeze the gas inside the sleeve and circulate it along the cleaning hole, thereby realizing wind cleaning of the crimping block and the outer surface of the busbar, and can also drive the scraper to reciprocate on the outer surface of the cathode carbon block and realize scraping cleaning. When the current inside the busbar reaches a maximum value, the sliding magnetic block moves along the sleeve away from the busbar end to a maximum value, and multiple crimping blocks are disconnected from the busbar.

[0014] Preferably, a plurality of flaps are evenly arranged on the top of the bottom shell, and the upper part of the flaps is clamped with the side wall of the bracket, an exhaust pipe is arranged on the inner top of the bracket, a plurality of air inlet holes are evenly opened on the side wall of the exhaust pipe, one side of the exhaust pipe is connected with a discharge pipe, a discharge box is arranged at the center of the bracket, a collecting hopper is connected with the top of the discharge box, a plurality of guide pipes are symmetrically arranged on the bottom of the discharge box, and the bottom of the guide pipe passes through the exhaust pipe and is connected with the inside of the electrolysis chamber.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of support beams are evenly arranged on the top of the bracket, a drive motor is arranged on the top of the support beam, a coupling is arranged on the output end of the drive motor, the internal symmetrical transmission of the coupling has two drive shafts, a commutator is arranged on the other end of the drive shaft, and the bottom of the commutator is fixedly connected to the top of the support beam.

[0016] Preferably, a transmission screw is provided at the output end of the commutator, and a plurality of rotating turbines are evenly connected to the outer surface of the transmission screw. The rotating turbine is rotatably connected to the support beam through a bearing, and a threaded groove is provided inside the rotating turbine. A lifting screw is movably connected inside the rotating turbine. A clamp is provided at the bottom of the lifting screw, and the inside of the clamp is clamped with the outer surface of the power-on plate, and the side walls of the power-on plate are clamped with the side walls of the anode rod through a limiting clamp.

[0017] Preferably, there are gaps between the multiple cathode carbon blocks, electrolyte is provided inside the electrolysis chamber, a plurality of insulation bricks are evenly provided on the inner wall of the electrolysis chamber, the top of the insulation bricks is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cathode carbon block, a plurality of feeding doors are symmetrically provided on both sides of the bottom shell, the bottom of the feeding door is connected to the bottom of the electrolysis chamber, a plurality of anode soft strips are evenly provided on the top of the busbar, and the other end of the anode soft strip is electrically connected to the side wall of the power-carrying plate.

[0018] Preferably, one end of the plurality of cathode rods on the same side away from the cathode carbon block passes through the bottom shell and is provided with a conductive block, the other end of the conductive block is evenly provided with a plurality of cathode soft strips, the other end of the cathode soft strip is electrically connected to the side wall of the crimping block, the bottom of the crimping block is provided with an insulating pad, and adjacent crimping blocks are connected to each other through insulating pads, the top of the sliding magnetic block away from the electromagnetic block is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support rod, and the top of the support rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the insulating pad at the bottom.

[0019] Preferably, the electromagnetic block is electrically connected to the busbar, a connecting spring is provided at the end of the electromagnetic block, the other end of the connecting spring is fixedly connected to the side wall of the sliding magnetic block, the end faces of the electromagnetic block and the sliding magnetic block have the same magnetic properties, a plurality of power-on grooves are evenly provided near the crimping block end of the busbar, the plug-in rod matches the power-on grooves, a cleaning hole is provided at the top of the sleeve, and a filter plate is provided inside the cleaning hole.

[0020] Preferably, two connecting rods are symmetrically provided on both sides of the support rod, the other end of the connecting rod passes through the bottom shell and is provided with a splicing frame, a plurality of scrapers are evenly provided on the top of the splicing frame, the scrapers and the inner walls of the splicing frame are matched with the outer surface of the cathode carbon block, and the connecting rod, the splicing frame and the scrapers are all made of high temperature resistant materials.

[0021] The regulating method of the cathode current distribution regulating device of the aluminum electrolysis cell as described above comprises the following steps:

[0022] S1, the electrolyte enters the electrolysis chamber, the anode carbon block is positively charged, the cathode carbon block is negatively charged, and the electrolyte in the electrolysis chamber is electrolyzed to form aluminum liquid;

[0023] S2. When the current flowing through a certain position of the busbar decreases, the current flowing through the electromagnetic block decreases, the sliding magnetic block moves along the sleeve toward the end of the electromagnetic block, the sliding magnetic block drives multiple crimping blocks to move through the support rod, the crimping block drives the plug-in rod to move, and the number of conductive contacts between the crimping block and the busbar increases;

[0024] S3, when the sliding magnetic block moves along the sleeve toward the end of the electromagnetic block, the gas inside the sleeve is discharged upward along the cleaning hole and the outer surface of the busbar and the plug rod is cleaned by wind, and the support rod moves through the connecting rod and the splicing frame to drive the scraper to scrape and clean the outer surface of the cathode carbon block horizontally;

[0025] S4. When the current at a certain position of the busbar reaches a maximum value, the current at the electromagnetic block reaches a maximum value, and the sliding magnetic block moves along the sleeve away from the electromagnetic block end to a maximum value. The sliding magnetic block drives multiple crimping blocks to move through the support rod, and the crimping block drives the plug-in rod to move, and the crimping block is electrically disconnected from the busbar.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. The present invention sets the shell assembly, anode assembly and cathode assembly and other components to cooperate with each other. The device has high adjustment accuracy and high adjustment efficiency, which can meet the precise and efficient adjustment of the cathode current distribution of the aluminum electrolytic cell. It is simple to operate, safe and stable, highly adaptable and stable, and can effectively improve the electrolyte amount and electrolysis efficiency of the electrolyte, ensuring that the obtained aluminum liquid meets the actual processing and production needs.

[0028] 2. The present invention sets up the electrolysis chamber, the crimping block and the cathode carbon block and other components to cooperate with each other. During the electrolysis of the electrolyte in the electrolysis chamber, the device adjusts the crimping amount of the crimping block according to the negative charge inside the cathode carbon block, thereby adjusting the current distribution of the cathode carbon block to ensure the stable progress of the electrolysis reaction.

[0029] 3. The present invention sets the cleaning hole and the plug-in rod and other components to cooperate with each other. When the device adjusts the current distribution of the cathode carbon block, the reciprocating flow of the cleaning gas inside the cleaning hole is realized, thereby improving the wind cleaning effect on the plug-in rod and the outer surface of the busbar, and ensuring the subsequent power-on quality.

[0030] 4. The present invention arranges the mutual cooperation of components such as the sliding magnetic block and the sleeve. When the sliding magnetic block in the device reciprocates inside the sleeve, it correspondingly drives the scraper to synchronously reciprocate on the outer surface of the cathode carbon block. The scraper scrapes and cleans the outer surface of the cathode carbon block, which not only improves the recovery efficiency of the aluminum liquid, but also ensures the fluidity of the negative charge inside the cathode carbon block, with higher cleanliness and better electrolysis.

[0031] 5. The present invention sets the electromagnetic block, the sliding magnetic block and other components to cooperate with each other. When the current flowing into the cathode carbon block reaches the maximum value, multiple plug-in rods are quickly separated from the power-on slots, thereby achieving rapid power off, ensuring the safety of the cathode carbon block, and ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the cathode carbon block. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from another viewing angle of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the anode assembly of the invention;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of the present invention from the right side;

[0037] Figure 6 for Figure 5 The enlarged schematic diagram at A in the middle;

[0038] Figure 7 for Figure 5 The enlarged schematic diagram of point B in the middle;

[0039] Figure 8 for Figure 5 The enlarged schematic diagram at C in the middle;

[0040] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of a partially exploded three-dimensional structure of the cathode assembly of the present invention.

[0041] In the figure: 1. Shell assembly; 101. Bottom shell; 102. Electrolytic chamber; 103. Flip cover; 104. Unloading box; 105. Collecting hopper; 106. Guide pipe; 107. Bracket; 108. Exhaust pipe; 109. Inlet hole; 110. Exhaust pipe; 2. Anode assembly; 201. Anode rod; 202. Clamp; 203. Anode carbon block; 204. Support beam; 205. Drive motor; 206. Coupling; 207. Drive shaft; 208. Commutator; 209. Drive screw; 210. Rotating turbine; 211. Lifting screw; 212. Clamp; 213. Power-on plate; 214, limit clamp; 3, cathode assembly; 301, cathode carbon block; 302, insulation brick; 303, cathode rod; 304, busbar; 305, sleeve; 306, electromagnetic block; 307, connecting spring; 308, sliding magnetic block; 309, support rod; 310, cleaning hole; 311, filter plate; 312, insulating pad; 313, crimping block; 314, plug-in rod; 315, power-on slot; 316, connecting rod; 317, cathode soft belt; 318, splicing frame; 319, scraper; 320, conductive block; 321, material taking door; 322, anode soft belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] like Figure 1-9 As shown, a cathode current distribution regulating device for an aluminum electrolytic cell comprises a shell assembly 1, a plurality of anode assemblies 2 are evenly arranged above the shell assembly 1, a plurality of cathode assemblies 3 are evenly arranged inside the shell assembly 1, the anode assemblies 2 and the cathode assemblies 3 perform an electrolytic reaction inside the shell assembly 1, that is, an electrolyte is introduced into the shell assembly 1, positive electricity is introduced into the anode assembly 2, and negative electricity is introduced into the cathode assembly 3, aluminum liquid is formed in the electrolyte under the action of the electrolytic reaction and precipitated near the cathode assembly 3, and the waste gas produced is discharged from the top of the shell assembly 1 for recovery and treatment.

[0044] The housing assembly 1 includes a bottom shell 101, an electrolytic chamber 102 is provided inside the bottom shell 101, and an electrolyte is provided inside the electrolytic chamber 102. A bracket 107 is provided above the bottom shell 101, and the bracket 107 plays a role of fixed support. A plurality of flip covers 103 are evenly provided on the top of the bottom shell 101, and the top of the flip cover 103 is mutually engaged with the side wall of the bracket 107. The inside of the electrolytic chamber 102 is wrapped and protected by the flip cover 103 to prevent the electrolyte from threatening the safety of the operator during the electrolysis process. An exhaust pipe 108 is provided on the inner top of the bracket 107, and a plurality of air inlet holes 109 are evenly provided on the side wall of the exhaust pipe 108. One side of the exhaust pipe 108 is connected to an exhaust pipe 110. The waste gas generated in the process enters the waste gas pipe 108 along the air inlet 109, and is finally discharged along the exhaust pipe 110, thereby improving the recovery and treatment effect of the waste gas, avoiding the arbitrary discharge of waste gas and pollution to the external environment. A feed box 104 is provided at the center of the bracket 107, and the top of the feed box 104 is connected to a collecting hopper 105, and a plurality of guide pipes 106 are symmetrically provided at the bottom of the feed box 104. The bottom of the guide pipe 106 passes through the waste gas pipe 108 and is connected to the inside of the electrolysis chamber 102. During the electrolysis process, the electrolyte is poured into the feed box 104 along the collecting hopper 105, and enters the electrolysis chamber 102 along the plurality of guide pipes 106 at the bottom of the feed box 104 for subsequent electrolysis reaction.

[0045] The anode assembly 2 includes a plurality of anode rods 201, the anode rods 201 are located on both sides of the bracket 107, an anode carbon block 203 is provided at the bottom of the anode rods 201 through a clamp 202, and a power-on plate 213 is provided on one side of the plurality of anode rods 201, the positive charge inside the power-on plate 213 reaches the end of the anode carbon block 203 along the anode rods 201 and the clamp 202, and releases the positive charge downward along the anode carbon block 203.

[0046] A plurality of support beams 204 are evenly arranged on the top of the bracket 107, and the support beams 204 mainly play a supporting and connecting role. A driving motor 205 is arranged on the top of the support beam 204, and a coupling 206 is arranged at the output end of the driving motor 205. The internal symmetrical transmission of the coupling 206 has two driving shafts 207. The driving motor 205 is started and drives the driving shafts 207 on both sides to rotate through the coupling 206. A commutator 208 is arranged at the other end of the driving shaft 207, and the bottom of the commutator 208 is fixedly connected to the top of the support beam 204. A driving screw 209 is arranged at the output end of the commutator 208, and the driving shaft 207 drives the driving screw 209 to rotate inside the commutator 208.

[0047] The outer surface of the transmission screw 209 is evenly connected to a plurality of rotating turbines 210, which are connected to the support beam 204 through bearings. The transmission screw 209 drives the rotating turbine 210 to rotate. The rotating turbine 210 is provided with a thread groove inside. The rotating turbine 210 is movably connected with a lifting screw rod 211 inside. The rotating turbine 210 drives the lifting screw rod 211 to move up and down by means of the mutual cooperation with the lifting screw rod 211. The bottom of the lifting screw rod 211 is provided with a clamping plate 212, and the inside of the clamping plate 212 is connected with the power supply plate 213. The outer surfaces of the anode rod 201 are clamped together, and the side walls of the power-carrying plate 213 are clamped together with the side walls of the anode rod 201 through the limiting clamp 214. The lifting screw 211 drives the power-carrying plate 213 to move up and down through the clamp 212. The power-carrying plate 213 drives multiple anode rods 201 to move up and down through the limiting clamp 214. The anode rod 201 drives the anode carbon block 203 to move up and down through the clamp 202, and then the gap between the anode carbon block 203 and the cathode carbon block 301 is adjusted to ensure that the electrolyte inside the electrolysis chamber 102 can smoothly carry out the electrolysis reaction.

[0048] The cathode assembly 3 includes a plurality of cathode carbon blocks 301, negative electricity is passed into the cathode carbon blocks 301, and a plurality of cathode rods 303 are evenly arranged inside the cathode carbon blocks 301, and the cathode rods 303 realize the circulation of negative electricity inside the cathode carbon blocks 301. Two busbars 304 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom shell 101, and negative electricity is passed into the busbars 304. A plurality of anode soft strips 322 are evenly arranged on the top of the busbars 304, and the other end of the anode soft strips 322 is electrically connected to the side wall of the power-carrying plate 213, so that the circulation of current is realized with the help of the busbars 304 and the anode soft strips 322.

[0049] There are gaps between the multiple cathode carbon blocks 301, which are used for the circulation of molten aluminum. The inner wall of the electrolysis chamber 102 is evenly provided with multiple insulation bricks 302. The top of the insulation brick 302 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cathode carbon block 301. The insulation brick 302 performs an insulation process on the inside of the electrolysis chamber 102. Multiple material extraction doors 321 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the bottom shell 101. The bottom of the material extraction door 321 is connected to the bottom of the electrolysis chamber 102. When the electrolysis reaction is completed, the material extraction door 321 is opened, and the aluminum liquid at the bottom of the electrolysis chamber 102 is extracted with the help of a liquid extraction pump to obtain the desired product.

[0050] A plurality of sleeves 305 are evenly arranged on one side of the busbar 304 close to the cathode carbon block 301, and clean gas circulates inside the sleeve 305. An electromagnetic block 306 is arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve 305, and a sliding magnet 308 is sealed and slidably connected inside the sleeve 305. The sliding magnet 308 can move normally inside the sleeve 305. The electromagnetic block 306 is electrically connected to the busbar 304. When the current inside the busbar 304 decreases, the magnetism of the electromagnetic block 306 decreases. A connecting spring 307 is arranged at the end of the electromagnetic block 306, and the other end of the connecting spring 307 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the sliding magnet 308. The setting of the connecting spring 307 realizes the elastic reset function of the sliding magnet 308. The magnetism of the end faces facing the electromagnetic block 306 and the sliding magnet 308 is the same. When the magnetism of the electromagnetic block 306 decreases, the magnetic repulsion of the electromagnetic block 306 on the sliding magnet 308 decreases, and the sliding magnet 308 is driven to move away from the end of the electromagnetic block 306 under the elastic force of the connecting spring 307.

[0051] A plurality of crimping blocks 313 are evenly arranged above the other end of the sliding magnetic block 308 through the support rod 309. The crimping blocks 313 are used for conducting electricity. A plurality of plug-in rods 314 are evenly arranged near one end of the busbar 304 of the crimping block 313. The length of the plug-in rods 314 gradually decreases from top to bottom. A plurality of power-on slots 315 are evenly arranged near the end of the crimping block 313 of the busbar 304. The plug-in rods 314 match the power-on slots 315. Therefore, when the plug-in amount of the plug-in rods 314 and the power-on slots 315 increases, the electrical connection between the crimping block 313 and the busbar 304 is improved. As the amount of connection increases, the current carried by the cathode carbon block 301 increases accordingly. A cleaning hole 310 is opened on the top of the sleeve 305, and a filter plate 311 is arranged inside the cleaning hole 310. When the sliding magnetic block 308 moves inside the sleeve 305, the cleaning gas inside the sleeve 305 can continuously reciprocate along the cleaning hole 310, and then the outer surface of the busbar 304 and the plug-in rod 314 is cleaned by wind, thereby improving the safety and stability of subsequent plug-in, and the filter plate 311 can filter the clean gas to ensure the cleaning effect of the clean gas.

[0052] One end of the multiple cathode rods 303 on the same side away from the cathode carbon block 301 passes through the bottom shell 101 and is provided with a conductive block 320, and the other end of the conductive block 320 is evenly provided with multiple cathode soft belts 317, and the other end of the cathode soft belt 317 is electrically connected to the side wall of the crimping block 313. Therefore, the negative electricity inside the cathode carbon block 301 flows along the cathode rod 303, the conductive block 320, and the cathode soft belt 317 to reach the crimping block 313, and the bottom of the crimping block 313 is provided with an insulating pad 312. The adjacent crimping blocks 313 are connected to each other through the insulating pad 312, and no current will flow between the adjacent crimping blocks 313. The top of the sliding magnetic block 308 away from the electromagnetic block 306 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support rod 309, and the top of the support rod 309 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the insulating pad 312 at the bottom. The support rod 309 connects and supports the multiple crimping blocks 313 at the top, thereby improving the stability of the movement of the crimping blocks 313 and the safety of plugging in.

[0053] Two connecting rods 316 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the support rod 309, and the connecting rods 316 do not contact the cathode soft belt 317. The other end of the connecting rod 316 passes through the bottom shell 101 and is provided with a splicing frame 318. A plurality of scrapers 319 are evenly provided on the top of the splicing frame 318. The inner walls of the scrapers 319 and the splicing frame 318 match the outer surface of the cathode carbon block 301, and the connecting rod 316, the splicing frame 318 and the scraper 319 are all made of high temperature resistant materials. Therefore, when the support rod 309 moves back and forth laterally, the support rod 309 drives the splicing frame 318 to move through the connecting rod 316, and the splicing frame 318 drives the scraper 319 to move. The scraper 319 scrapes the outer surface of the cathode carbon block 301 to prevent the aluminum liquid from adhering to the outer surface of the cathode carbon block 301 for a long time and reducing the progress of the electrolysis reaction.

[0054] When the electrolyte is electrolyzed, there is an uneven current distribution due to the design deviation of the cathode carbon block 301, and the precipitation in the electrolysis chamber 102 during the electrolysis process will also cause uneven current distribution, and the uneven current distribution may cause the operation stability of the electrolysis chamber 102 to decrease, the current efficiency to decrease, the power consumption to increase, and even accelerate the damage of the electrolysis chamber 102; at the same time, when it is necessary to adjust the current inside the electrolysis chamber 102, if there are dust and impurities on the outer surface of the plug-in rod 314 or the busbar 304, it will affect the plug-in power-on efficiency, and then directly affect the power-on stability; and when the current inside the electrolysis chamber 102 is too large, the existing technology lacks a fast power-off function, so the internal structure of the electrolysis chamber 102 is easily damaged when it is in a high current state for a long time; and the aluminum liquid formed by the electrolyte in the electrolysis chamber 102 after electrolysis will precipitate on the outer surface of the cathode carbon block 301. If it cannot be cleaned, it will not only reduce the recovery efficiency of the aluminum liquid, but also affect the subsequent electrolysis reaction.

[0055] In order to solve the above problems, when the cathode current distribution regulating device of the aluminum electrolytic cell is actually used, firstly, the various components are installed, and at the same time, a plurality of flip covers 103 are installed between the bottom shell 101 and the bracket 107, and then the electrolyte is poured into the lower material box 104 along the collecting hopper 105, and the electrolyte enters the electrolysis chamber 102 along the plurality of guide tubes 106 at the bottom of the lower material box 104 for subsequent electrolysis reaction, and at the same time, the driving motor 205 is started and drives the driving shafts 207 on both sides to rotate forward through the coupling 206, and the driving shaft 207 drives the transmission screw after the commutator 208 is turned. 209 rotates forward, the transmission screw 209 and the rotating turbine 210 mesh with each other and drive the rotating turbine 210 to rotate forward, the interior of the rotating turbine 210 meshes with the lifting screw 211 and drives the lifting screw 211 to move downward, the lifting screw 211 drives the power-on plate 213 to move downward to a suitable height through the clamp 212, the power-on plate 213 drives multiple anode rods 201 to move downward to a suitable height through the limiting clamp 214, the anode rod 201 drives the anode carbon block 203 to move downward to a suitable height, and the distance between the anode carbon block 203 and the cathode carbon block 301 meets the requirements.

[0056] Then, current is passed into the busbar 304, and the current inside the busbar 304 passes into the power-on plate 213 through multiple anode soft strips 322. The internal circuit of the power-on plate 213 passes current downward through the anode rod 201 and the clamp 202 to the anode carbon block 203. The anode carbon block 203 releases positive electricity downward, and the inside of the electrolysis chamber 102 is electrolyzed with the help of the positive electricity. The electrolyte inside the electrolysis chamber 102 produces aluminum liquid under the action of electrolysis and precipitates at the bottom of the electrolysis chamber 102, and the exhaust gas generated during the electrolysis process enters the exhaust pipe 108 along the air inlet 109, and is finally completely discharged along the exhaust pipe 110.

[0057] The negative charge in the electrolyte reaches the cathode carbon block 301 end downward, and reaches the conductive block 320 end along the cathode rod 303. At this time, due to the current passing through the electromagnetic block 306, the electromagnetic block 306 exerts a magnetic repulsion force on the sliding magnetic block 308 and drives the sliding magnetic block 308 to stretch the connecting spring 307 and move away from the electromagnetic block 306 end. The sliding magnetic block 308 drives the multiple crimping blocks 313 above to move to the initial position through the top support rod 309. The two upper plug-in rods 314 are electrically connected to the power-on groove 315, and the bottom plug-in rod 314 is not electrically connected to the power-on groove 315. The current inside the conductive block 320 reaches the corresponding crimping block 313 end along the two upper cathode soft strips 317, and flows back to the busbar 304 along the electrical connection between the plug-in rod 314 at the end of the crimping block 313 and the power-on groove 315, thereby ensuring the stability and efficiency of the current and the amount of electrolyte in the electrolyte inside the electrolytic chamber 102.

[0058] As the electrolysis reaction continues, the electrolyte concentration at different positions inside the electrolysis chamber 102 changes, and aluminum liquid adheres to the outer surface of the cathode carbon block 301 and affects the normal supply of current. When the current supplied to the cathode carbon block 301 end decreases, the current supplied to the corresponding busbar 304 at this position decreases, the current supplied to the electromagnetic block 306 decreases, and the magnetic repulsion exerted by the electromagnetic block 306 on the sliding magnet 308 decreases. Under the elastic force of the connecting spring 307, the sliding magnet 308 is driven to move closer to the end of the electromagnetic block 306, and the sliding magnet 308 drives the support rod 309 to move, and the support rod 309 drives the connecting rods 316 on both sides to move. The connecting rod 316 drives multiple scrapers 319 to move laterally on the outer surface of the cathode carbon block 301 through the splicing frame 318. The scrapers 319 scrape and clean the aluminum liquid attached to the outer surface of the cathode carbon block 301, thereby avoiding the precipitation of aluminum liquid and affecting the normal flow of negative electricity inside the cathode carbon block 301.

[0059] When the sliding magnetic block 308 moves along the sleeve 305 toward the end of the electromagnetic block 306, the sliding magnetic block 308 squeezes the clean gas inside the sleeve 305, and the clean gas inside the sleeve 305 is discharged upward along the cleaning hole 310. During the discharge process, the clean gas is filtered and cleaned with the help of the filter plate 311 to avoid subsequent clean gas contamination and affect the subsequent plug-in quality. The clean gas is pneumatically cleaned on the outer surface of the busbar 304 upward to ensure the normal conductive performance of the subsequent busbar 304. At the same time, the clean gas can also be pneumatically cleaned on multiple plug-in rods 314, effectively avoiding the plug-in rods 314 from affecting the power-on quality due to self-contamination when they are subsequently plugged into the power-on slot 315.

[0060] At the same time, as the current continues to decrease, the support rod 309 moves closer to the end of the busbar 304. The support rod 309 drives the multiple crimping blocks 313 above to move synchronously, and the crimping blocks 313 drive the plug-in rod 314 to move. When the lowest plug-in rod 314 is inserted into the power-on slot 315 and electrically connected to the busbar 304, the lowest crimping block 313 is electrically connected to the conductive block 320 through the cathode soft strip 317. The electrical connection between the plug-in rod 314 and the power-on slot 315 increases, and the electrical connection between the crimping block 313 and the conductive block 320 increases. The current flowing into the conductive block 320 increases, and the conductive block 320 drives the cathode carbon block 301 to increase negative electricity through the cathode rod 303, thereby meeting the conductivity requirement of the cathode carbon block 301 in this case, and further ensuring the amount of electrolyte in the electrolyte solution in the electrolysis chamber 102. In actual use, multiple crimping blocks 313, plug-in rods 314, power-on grooves 315 and cathode soft belts 317 can be set. When the sliding magnetic block 308 moves, the support rod 309 drives the plug-in rod 314 at the end of the crimping block 313 to increase the crimping amount with the power-on groove 315, further improving the adjustment accuracy and adjustment range of the negative electricity flow inside the cathode carbon block 301.

[0061] Similarly, when the current inside the cathode carbon block 301 increases, the current at the corresponding position of the busbar 304 increases, the current inside the electromagnetic block 306 increases and the magnetism increases, the magnetic repulsion exerted by the electromagnetic block 306 on the sliding magnet 308 increases and drives the sliding magnet 308 to stretch the connecting spring 307 to move away from the electromagnetic block 306 end. At this time, the internal volume of the sleeve 305 increases and the pressure decreases, and the external gas enters the sleeve 305 along the cleaning hole 310 for storage, and the clean gas is filtered and cleaned with the help of the filter plate 311. With the help of the reverse circulation of the clean gas, not only the outer surface of the busbar 304 can be cleaned, but also the outer surface of the plug-in rod 314 can be cleaned with negative pressure, thereby improving the power-on stability of the plug-in rod 314.

[0062] The sliding magnetic block 308 drives the support rod 309 to move, and the support rod 309 drives the scraper 319 to move in the opposite direction through the connecting rod 316 and the splicing frame 318. The scraper 319 then moves back and forth laterally on the outer surface of the cathode carbon block 301, further improving the scraping and cleaning effect of the cathode carbon block 301. It not only effectively avoids the aluminum liquid from precipitating on the outer surface of the cathode carbon block 301 and reduces the subsequent material collection amount, but also avoids the aluminum liquid from affecting the normal power-on efficiency of the cathode carbon block 301, thereby improving the electrolysis efficiency and electrolysis effect of the electrolyte in the electrolysis chamber 102.

[0063] When the support rod 309 moves away from the end of the busbar 304, the support rod 309 drives the multiple crimping blocks 313 above to move synchronously, and the crimping blocks 313 drive the plug-in rod 314 to move. The electrical connection between the plug-in rod 314 and the power-on slot 315 is reduced, and the electrical connection between the crimping block 313 and the conductive block 320 is reduced. The current of the conductive block 320 is reduced, and the corresponding negative electricity passed into the cathode carbon block 301 is reduced, thereby ensuring the normal and stable operation of the cathode carbon block 301 and avoiding damage caused by excessive current flow inside the cathode carbon block 301.

[0064] At the same time, when the negative charge in the cathode carbon block 301 is too large, the current of the busbar 304 at the corresponding position increases and is greater than the preset maximum current value, then the current of the electromagnetic block 306 increases and reaches the preset maximum current value, the magnetic force of the electromagnetic block 306 reaches the maximum value, the magnetic repulsion force exerted by the electromagnetic block 306 on the sliding magnetic block 308 reaches the maximum value and drives the sliding magnetic block 308 to stretch the connecting spring 307 away from the electromagnetic block 306 to the maximum value, the sliding magnetic block 308 drives the support rod 309 to move to the maximum value, and the support rod 309 drives the upper The plurality of crimping blocks 313 move to the maximum value, and the crimping blocks 313 drive the plug-in rods 314 to move to the maximum value. All the plug-in rods 314 are electrically disconnected from the power-on slots 315, and the current passed through the conductive block 320 is zero. The corresponding conductive block 320 conducts electricity through the cathode rod 303, so that the current passed through the cathode carbon block 301 is zero, and the cathode carbon block 301 no longer undergoes an electrolytic reaction, thereby avoiding excessive negative electricity passed into the cathode carbon block 301 and damaging the internal structure, thereby effectively improving the safety and stability of the electrolytic reaction.

[0065] After the electrolytic reaction inside the electrolytic chamber 102 is completed, the current is no longer passed into the busbar 304, and the drive motor 205 is started in reverse, so that the power-on plate 213 moves upward, and the power-on plate 213 drives multiple anode rods 201 to move upward through the limit clamp 214, and the anode rods 201 drive the anode carbon blocks 203 to move upward through the clamps 202, and the material taking door 321 is opened, and the aluminum liquid at the bottom of the electrolytic chamber 102 is extracted cleanly with the help of a liquid pump, and then the material taking door 321 is closed again, and the electrolyte is passed into the lower material box 104 along the collecting hopper 105, and the subsequent electrolytic reaction is continued according to the above process.

[0066] The device has high adjustment accuracy and high adjustment efficiency, and can meet the requirements of accurate and efficient adjustment of cathode current distribution of aluminum electrolytic cells. It is simple to operate, safe and stable, has strong adaptability and high stability, and can effectively increase the electrolyte volume and electrolysis efficiency of the electrolyte, thereby ensuring that the obtained aluminum liquid meets the actual processing and production needs. At the same time, during the electrolysis of the electrolyte inside the electrolysis chamber 102, the crimping amount of the crimping block 313 is adjusted according to the negative charge inside the cathode carbon block 301, thereby adjusting the current distribution of the cathode carbon block 301 to ensure the stable progress of the electrolysis reaction. When adjusting the current distribution of the cathode carbon block 301, the reciprocating circulation of the cleaning gas inside the cleaning hole 310 is realized, thereby improving the plug rod 314 and the mother The wind cleaning effect on the outer surface of the wire 304 ensures the quality of subsequent power-on; and when the sliding magnetic block 308 reciprocates inside the sleeve 305, it correspondingly drives the scraper 319 to synchronously reciprocate on the outer surface of the cathode carbon block 301. The scraper 319 scrapes and cleans the outer surface of the cathode carbon block 301, which not only improves the recovery efficiency of the aluminum liquid, but also ensures the fluidity of the negative electricity inside the cathode carbon block 301, with higher cleanliness and better electrolysis; finally, when the current flowing into the cathode carbon block 301 reaches the maximum value, the multiple plug-in rods 314 are quickly separated from the power-on slot 315, thereby achieving rapid power-off, ensuring the safety of the cathode carbon block 301, and ensuring that the cathode carbon block 301 works continuously and stably.

[0067] The adjustment method of the cathode current distribution adjustment device of the aluminum electrolysis cell as mentioned above comprises the following steps:

[0068] S1. The electrolyte enters the electrolysis chamber 102, the anode carbon block 203 is positively charged, and the cathode carbon block 301 is negatively charged. The electrolyte in the electrolysis chamber 102 is electrolyzed to form aluminum liquid.

[0069] S2. When the current at a certain position of the busbar 304 decreases, the current of the electromagnetic block 306 decreases, and the sliding magnetic block 308 moves along the sleeve 305 toward the end of the electromagnetic block 306. The sliding magnetic block 308 drives the multiple crimping blocks 313 to move through the support rod 309. The crimping blocks 313 drive the plug-in rod 314 to move, and the number of conductive contacts between the crimping blocks 313 and the busbar 304 increases.

[0070] S3. When the sliding magnetic block 308 moves along the sleeve 305 toward the end of the electromagnetic block 306, the gas inside the sleeve 305 is discharged upward along the cleaning hole 310 and the outer surfaces of the busbar 304 and the plug-in rod 314 are cleaned by wind. The support rod 309 moves through the connecting rod 316 and the splicing frame 318 to drive the scraper 319 to scrape and clean the outer surface of the cathode carbon block 301 horizontally.

[0071] S4. When the current at a certain position of the busbar 304 reaches a maximum value, the current at the electromagnetic block 306 reaches a maximum value, and the sliding magnetic block 308 moves along the sleeve 305 to the end away from the electromagnetic block 306 to a maximum value. The sliding magnetic block 308 drives the multiple crimping blocks 313 to move through the support rod 309, and the crimping blocks 313 drive the plug-in rod 314 to move, and the crimping blocks 313 are electrically disconnected from the busbar 304.

[0072] By further limiting the adjustment method, the adjustment quality can be improved and the adjustment accuracy can be guaranteed.

[0073] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0074] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cathode current distribution regulating device for an aluminum electrolytic cell, comprising a shell assembly (1), a plurality of anode assemblies (2) being evenly arranged above the shell assembly (1), and a plurality of cathode assemblies (3) being evenly arranged inside the shell assembly (1), characterized in that: The housing assembly (1) comprises a bottom shell (101), an electrolysis chamber (102) is provided inside the bottom shell (101), and a bracket (107) is provided above the bottom shell (101); The anode assembly (2) comprises a plurality of anode rods (201), the bottom of each anode rod (201) being provided with an anode carbon block (203) via a clamp (202), and one side of each of the plurality of anode rods (201) being provided with a current-carrying plate (213); The cathode assembly (3) comprises a plurality of cathode carbon blocks (301), a plurality of cathode rods (303) are evenly arranged inside the cathode carbon blocks (301), two busbars (304) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom shell (101), a plurality of sleeves (305) are evenly arranged on the side of the busbar (304) close to the cathode carbon block (301), an electromagnetic block (306) is arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve (305), a sliding magnetic block (308) is sealingly and slidably connected inside the sleeve (305), a plurality of crimping blocks (313) are evenly arranged above the other end of the sliding magnetic block (308) via a support rod (309), a plurality of plug-in rods (314) are evenly arranged on the end of the crimping block (313) close to the busbar (304), and the length of the plug-in rods (314) gradually decreases from top to bottom; One end of the plurality of cathode rods (303) on the same side away from the cathode carbon block (301) passes through the bottom shell (101) and is provided with a conductive block (320); the other end of the conductive block (320) is evenly provided with a plurality of cathode soft belts (317); the other end of the cathode soft belt (317) is electrically connected to the side wall of the crimping block (313); the bottom of each crimping block (313) is provided with an insulating pad (312); adjacent crimping blocks (313) are connected to each other via the insulating pad (312); the top of one end of the sliding magnetic block (308) away from the electromagnetic block (306) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support rod (309); the top of the support rod (309) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bottommost insulating pad (312); The electromagnetic block (306) is electrically connected to the busbar (304); a connecting spring (307) is provided at the end of the electromagnetic block (306); the other end of the connecting spring (307) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the sliding magnetic block (308); the end surfaces of the electromagnetic block (306) and the sliding magnetic block (308) facing each other have the same magnetic properties; a plurality of power-on slots (315) are evenly provided at the end of the busbar (304) close to the crimping block (313); the plug-in rod (314) matches the power-on slots (315); a cleaning hole (310) is provided at the top of the sleeve (305); a filter plate (311) is provided inside the cleaning hole (310).

2. The cathode current distribution regulating device for an aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of flaps (103) are evenly arranged on the top of the bottom shell (101), and the upper part of the flaps (103) is mutually engaged with the side wall of the bracket (107). An exhaust pipe (108) is arranged on the inner top of the bracket (107), and a plurality of air inlet holes (109) are evenly opened on the side wall of the exhaust pipe (108). One side of the exhaust pipe (108) is connected to a discharge pipe (110). A material discharge box (104) is arranged at the center of the bracket (107), and the top of the material discharge box (104) is connected to a collecting hopper (105). A plurality of guide pipes (106) are symmetrically arranged on the bottom of the material discharge box (104), and the bottom of the guide pipe (106) passes through the exhaust pipe (108) and is connected to the inside of the electrolysis chamber (102).

3. The cathode current distribution regulating device for an aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of support beams (204) are evenly arranged on the top of the support beam (107), a drive motor (205) is arranged on the top of the support beam (204), a coupling (206) is arranged at the output end of the drive motor (205), two drive shafts (207) are symmetrically driven inside the coupling (206), a commutator (208) is arranged at the other end of the drive shaft (207), and the bottom of the commutator (208) is fixedly connected to the top of the support beam (204).

4. The cathode current distribution regulating device for an aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The output end of the commutator (208) is provided with a transmission screw (209), the outer surface of the transmission screw (209) is evenly transmission-connected with a plurality of rotating turbines (210), the rotating turbines (210) are rotationally connected to the support beam (204) via bearings, the interior of the rotating turbine (210) is provided with a threaded groove, the interior of the rotating turbine (210) is movably connected with a lifting screw (211), the bottom of the lifting screw (211) is provided with a clamping plate (212), the interior of the clamping plate (212) is mutually clamped with the outer surface of the power-on plate (213), and the side walls of the power-on plate (213) are mutually clamped with the side walls of the anode rod (201) via a limiting clamp (214).

5. The cathode current distribution regulating device for an aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are gaps between the plurality of cathode carbon blocks (301), an electrolyte is provided inside the electrolysis chamber (102), a plurality of insulation bricks (302) are evenly provided on the inner wall of the electrolysis chamber (102), the top of the insulation brick (302) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cathode carbon block (301), a plurality of material taking doors (321) are symmetrically provided on both sides of the bottom shell (101), the bottom of the material taking door (321) is connected to the bottom of the electrolysis chamber (102), a plurality of anode soft belts (322) are evenly provided on the top of the busbar (304), and the other end of the anode soft belt (322) is electrically connected to the side wall of the power-on plate (213).

6. The cathode current distribution regulating device for an aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two connecting rods (316) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support rod (309); the other end of the connecting rod (316) passes through the bottom shell (101) and is provided with a splicing frame (318); a plurality of scrapers (319) are evenly arranged on the top of the splicing frame (318); the inner walls of the scrapers (319) and the splicing frame (318) are matched with the outer surface of the cathode carbon block (301); and the connecting rod (316), the splicing frame (318) and the scrapers (319) are all made of high temperature resistant materials.

7. The method for adjusting the cathode current distribution adjusting device of the aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 6 comprises the following steps, characterized in that: S1, the electrolyte enters the electrolysis chamber (102), the anode carbon block (203) is positively charged, the cathode carbon block (301) is negatively charged, and the electrolyte in the electrolysis chamber (102) is electrolyzed to form aluminum liquid; S2. When the current flowing through a certain position of the busbar (304) decreases, the current flowing through the electromagnetic block (306) decreases, the sliding magnetic block (308) moves along the sleeve (305) toward the end close to the electromagnetic block (306), the sliding magnetic block (308) drives the plurality of crimping blocks (313) to move via the support rod (309), the crimping blocks (313) drive the plugging rod (314) to move, and the number of conductive contacts between the crimping blocks (313) and the busbar (304) increases; S3, when the sliding magnetic block (308) moves along the sleeve (305) toward the end close to the electromagnetic block (306), the gas inside the sleeve (305) is discharged upward along the cleaning hole (310) and the outer surfaces of the busbar (304) and the plug-in rod (314) are cleaned by wind, and the support rod (309) moves through the connecting rod (316) and the splicing frame (318) to drive the scraper (319) to scrape and clean the outer surface of the cathode carbon block (301) in a transverse direction; S4. When the current flowing through a certain position of the busbar (304) reaches a maximum value, the current flowing through the electromagnetic block (306) reaches a maximum value, the sliding magnetic block (308) moves along the sleeve (305) toward the end away from the electromagnetic block (306) to a maximum value, the sliding magnetic block (308) drives the plurality of crimping blocks (313) to move via the support rod (309), the crimping blocks (313) drive the plug-in rod (314) to move, and the crimping blocks (313) are electrically disconnected from the busbar (304).

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