Frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit and transmission array antenna

Abstract

According to the frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit and the transmission array antenna, an orthogonal crisscross radiation patch is used as emission layer metal of the antenna unit, and polarization conversion and phase switching of the unit in different frequency bands are realized by controlling output voltage of a circuit to change on-off states of four diodes; therefore, the characteristics of high gain, high interference resistance, high polarization matching degree, high flexibility, adjustable polarization and beam scanning of the transmission array antenna are realized. Meanwhile, as the orthogonal cross-shaped radiation patch is used as the transmitting unit, and the X-polarization rectangular receiving patch is used as the receiving unit, both the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are printed on the dielectric plate, the structure is simple and compact, the processing is convenient, and the cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit and a transmission array antenna. Background Art

[0002] In view of the complexity and diversity of the current wireless communication environment, antennas with high gain, easy polarization matching, multi-band coverage, anti-multipath interference capability, and beam scanning have better use value and more stable working performance in wireless communication. To meet this demand, reconfigurable antennas came into being. By introducing reconfigurable technology, the working flexibility of transmission array antennas is greatly improved, and the design difficulty of beam reconfigurable antennas is reduced, making reconfigurable transmission array antennas have broad application prospects in radar detection, mobile communications, and wireless energy transmission.

[0003] Reconfigurable antennas can achieve adjustable patterns, polarization or frequency, so they can achieve the performance of multiple antennas at the same time. Reconfigurable antennas need to rely on electronic switches or varactor diodes in antenna design, and bias voltages need to be applied to electronic components to achieve real-time control of antenna characteristics. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides a frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit and a transmission array antenna.

[0005] The purpose of this application is to overcome the current situation of complex electromagnetic environment and shortage of radio spectrum resources. By adding orthogonal cross-type radiation patches loaded with diodes to the transmission array antenna unit, a reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit with dual bands, high polarization matching, high flexibility, wide phase shift range and adjustable polarization is proposed. It can be switched between X polarization, Y polarization, +45° polarization and -45° polarization. The antenna unit can achieve the change of polarization state by changing the conduction and cutoff state of the diode by outputting voltage in the high and low frequency band control circuit, thereby realizing the characteristics of high gain, adjustable polarization and beam scanning of the transmission array antenna.

[0006] In a first aspect, a frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit is provided, comprising: a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate, wherein an orthogonal cross-shaped radiation patch is printed on the upper layer of the first dielectric substrate, and four diodes are mounted on the orthogonal cross-shaped radiation patch; a metal ground is provided on the upper layer of the second dielectric substrate, and an X-polarized rectangular receiving patch is provided on the lower layer of the second dielectric substrate;

[0007] The four diodes are connected to a control circuit, and the control circuit controls the conduction and cutoff of the four diodes to realize the conversion of the antenna unit in four different polarization modes.

[0008] In one embodiment, the orthogonal cross-type radiation patch includes two orthogonally placed rectangular patches to form an orthogonal cross-type radiation patch with four ends, and the two rectangular patches are respectively an X-polarized radiation patch and a Y-polarized radiation patch;

[0009] The four diodes are P1, P2, P3, and P4. P1 and P2 are arranged at both ends of the X-polarized radiation patch, and P3 and P4 are arranged at both ends of the Y-polarized radiation patch.

[0010] The X-polarized rectangular receiving patch receives electromagnetic waves in the low frequency band. When P1 or P2 is turned on, the antenna unit is in the X-polarization mode; when P3 or P4 is turned on, the antenna unit is in the Y-polarization mode;

[0011] The X-polarized rectangular receiving patch receives electromagnetic waves in the high frequency band. When P1 and P3 are turned on or P2 and P4 are turned on, the antenna unit is in a +45° polarization mode. The X-polarized rectangular receiving patch receives electromagnetic waves in the high frequency band. When P1 and P4 are turned on or P2 and P3 are turned on, the antenna unit is in a -45° polarization mode.

[0012] In one embodiment, the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are bonded together by a prepreg.

[0013] In one embodiment, a rectangular bias line is printed on the lower layer of the first dielectric substrate, the rectangular bias line is connected to the orthogonal cross-type radiation patch through a plurality of first metal columns, and extends to the outside of the first dielectric substrate to be connected to the control circuit.

[0014] In one embodiment, the thickness of the first dielectric substrate is 3 mm and the size is 29 mm×29 mm; the thickness of the second dielectric substrate is 3 mm and the size is 29 mm×29 mm; the thickness of the prepreg is 0.2 mm and the size is 29 mm×29 mm; the size of the X-polarized rectangular receiving patch is 20.56 mm×15.31 mm.

[0015] In one embodiment, the center of the orthogonal cross-shaped radiation patch coincides with the center of the first dielectric substrate.

[0016] In one embodiment, two groups of symmetric sides of the X-polarized rectangular receiving patch are respectively parallel to two groups of symmetric sides of the second dielectric substrate, and the center of the X-polarized rectangular receiving patch does not coincide with the center of the second dielectric substrate.

[0017] In one embodiment, the orthogonal cross-type radiation patch is connected to the X-polarized rectangular receiving patch through a second metal column, and openings are provided on the first dielectric substrate, the prepreg, and the second dielectric substrate. The second metal column passes through the openings on the first dielectric substrate, the prepreg, and the second dielectric substrate in sequence, and the cross-sectional size of the opening is the same as that of the second metal column.

[0018] In one embodiment, the X-polarization rectangular receiving patch is connected to the metal ground through a plurality of symmetrically arranged third metal pillars.

[0019] In a second aspect, a transmission array antenna is provided, comprising a feed source and a square transmission array, wherein the square transmission array is formed by a plurality of antenna units arranged at intervals; the antenna unit is a transmission array antenna unit that can be reconfigured according to the above-mentioned frequency polarization.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: the present application uses an orthogonal cross-shaped radiation patch as the transmitting layer metal of the antenna unit, and changes the on-off state of four diodes by controlling the output voltage of the circuit to realize the polarization conversion and phase switching of the unit in different frequency bands, thereby realizing the characteristics of high gain, high anti-interference, high polarization matching, high flexibility, polarization adjustment and beam scanning of the transmission array antenna. At the same time, since the present application uses an orthogonal cross-shaped radiation patch as the transmitting unit and an X-polarized rectangular receiving patch as the receiving unit, both of which are printed on a dielectric board, the structure is simple and compact, the processing is convenient, and the cost is low. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present application may be better understood by referring to the following description given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which together with the following detailed description are included in this specification and form a part of this specification. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0023] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a transmission array antenna;

[0024] Figure 3 A top view of a frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit is shown;

[0025] Figure 4 shows a reflection coefficient curve diagram of the transmission array antenna unit at a low frequency resonance point;

[0026] Figure 5 A reflection coefficient curve diagram of a transmission array antenna unit at a high frequency resonance point is shown;

[0027] Figure 6 A transmission coefficient curve diagram of a transmission array antenna unit at a low frequency resonance point is shown;

[0028] Figure 7 A transmission coefficient curve diagram of a transmission array antenna unit at a high frequency resonance point is shown;

[0029] Figure 8The transmission phase curve diagram of the transmission array antenna unit at the low frequency resonance point is shown;

[0030] Fig. 9 The transmission phase curve diagram of the transmission array antenna unit at the high frequency resonance point is shown;

[0031] Fig.10 The graph showing the phase difference of the transmission array antenna unit in the low frequency band as a function of the incident angle is shown;

[0032] Fig.11 The graph showing the phase difference of the transmission array antenna unit in the high frequency band as a function of the incident angle is shown;

[0033] Fig.12 The phase quantization distribution of the X-direction patch when the transmission array antenna radiates X-polarized waves along the positive direction of the Z axis is shown;

[0034] Fig.13 The phase quantization distribution of the X-direction patch when the transmission array antenna radiates X-polarized waves in the XOZ plane deflected 10°-40° is shown;

[0035] Fig.14 The phase quantization distribution of the Y-direction patch is shown when the transmission array antenna radiates Y-polarized waves in the YOZ plane deflected 10°-40°;

[0036] Fig.15 The two-dimensional far-field pattern results are shown when the transmission array antenna operates at 5 GHz and radiates X-polarized waves along the positive direction of the Z axis with theoretical coding;

[0037] Fig.16 The two-dimensional far-field pattern results are shown when the transmission array antenna operates at 5 GHz and radiates Y-polarized waves along the positive direction of the Z axis with theoretical coding;

[0038] Fig.17 The two-dimensional far-field pattern results are shown when the transmission array antenna operates at 5 GHz and radiates X-polarized waves in the XOZ plane deflected by 10°-40° with theoretical coding;

[0039] Fig.18 The two-dimensional far-field pattern results are shown when the transmission array antenna operates at 5 GHz and radiates Y-polarized waves in the YOZ plane deflected by 10°-40° with theoretical coding;

[0040] Fig.19 The phase quantization distribution of the X-direction patch and the Y-direction patch when the transmission array antenna radiates +45° polarized waves along the positive direction of the Z axis is shown;

[0041] Fig. 20 The phase quantization distribution of the X-direction patch when the transmission array antenna radiates a +45° polarized wave at phi=+45° and deflects 10°-40°;

[0042] Fig.21 The phase quantization distribution of the Y-direction patch when the transmission array antenna radiates a +45° polarized wave at phi=+45° and deflects 10°-40°;

[0043] Fig. 22 The two-dimensional far-field pattern results are shown when the transmission array antenna operates at 5.8 GHz and radiates +45° polarized waves along the positive direction of the Z axis with theoretical coding;

[0044] Fig.23 The two-dimensional far-field pattern results are shown when the transmission array antenna operates at 5.8 GHz and radiates -45° polarized waves along the positive direction of the Z axis with theoretical coding;

[0045] Fig.24 The two-dimensional far-field pattern results are shown when the transmission array antenna operates at 5.8 GHz and radiates +45° polarized waves in the direction of phi=+45° deflected by 10°-40° with theoretical coding;

[0046] Fig.25 The two-dimensional far-field pattern results are shown when the transmission array antenna operates at 5.8 GHz and radiates -45° polarized waves in the direction of phi=-45° and deflected by 10°-40° with theoretical coding.

[0047] Reference numerals:

[0048] 1-first dielectric substrate, 2-second dielectric substrate, 3-orthogonal cross-type radiation patch, 4-diode, 5-metal ground, 6-X polarization rectangular receiving patch, 7-prepreg sheet, 8-rectangular bias line, 9-first metal column, 10-second metal column, 11-third metal column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. For the sake of clarity and conciseness, not all features of the actual embodiments are described in the specification. However, it should be understood that many implementation-specific decisions can be made in the process of developing any such actual embodiments in order to achieve the specific goals of the developer, and these decisions may vary from embodiment to embodiment.

[0050] It is also necessary to explain here that, in order to avoid obscuring the present application due to unnecessary details, only the device structure closely related to the scheme according to the present application is shown in the drawings, while other details that are not closely related to the present application are omitted.

[0051] It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the described implementation forms due to the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this article, where feasible, the embodiments can be combined with each other, features between different embodiments can be replaced or borrowed, and one or more features can be omitted in one embodiment.

[0052] The embodiment of the present application provides a frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit, Figure 1 FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a structure of a frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application, see Figure 1 The antenna unit includes a first dielectric substrate 1 and a second dielectric substrate 2. An orthogonal cross-type radiation patch 3 is printed on the upper layer of the first dielectric substrate 1, and four diodes 4 are installed on the orthogonal cross-type radiation patch 3; a metal ground 5 is arranged on the upper layer of the second dielectric substrate 2, and an X-polarized rectangular receiving patch 6 is arranged on the lower layer of the second dielectric substrate 2; the four diodes 4 are connected to a control circuit, and the control circuit controls the conduction and cutoff of the four diodes 4 to realize the conversion of the antenna unit in four different polarization modes.

[0053] In this embodiment, an orthogonal cross-shaped radiation patch is used as the transmitting layer metal of the antenna unit, and the on-off state of four diodes is changed by controlling the output voltage of the circuit to realize the polarization conversion and phase switching of the unit in different frequency bands, thereby realizing the characteristics of high gain, high anti-interference, high polarization matching, high flexibility, polarization adjustment and beam scanning of the transmission array antenna. Since an orthogonal cross-shaped radiation patch is used as the transmitting unit and an X-polarized rectangular receiving patch is used as the receiving unit, both are printed on the dielectric board, the structure is simple and compact, the processing is convenient, and the cost is low.

[0054] In one embodiment, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a transmission array antenna is shown, in which the short side direction of the feed source is defined as the X-axis direction, the long side direction is defined as the Y-axis direction, the direction perpendicular to the square transmission array and pointing to the feed source in the transmission array antenna is defined as the positive direction of the Z-axis, and when facing the square transmission array from one side of the feed source, the upper side is the positive direction of the X-axis and the right side is the positive direction of the Y-axis.

[0055] The orthogonal cross-type radiation patch 3 includes two orthogonally placed rectangular patches, forming an orthogonal cross-type radiation patch with four ends, and the two rectangular patches are respectively an X-polarized radiation patch and a Y-polarized radiation patch;

[0056] The four diodes are P1, P2, P3, and P4. P1 and P2 are set at the two ends of the X-polarized radiation patch. Here, the X-polarized radiation patch has two slots, which are symmetrical along the center of the antenna unit. P1 and P2 are set at the midpoints of the two slots. P3 and P4 are set at the two ends of the Y-polarized radiation patch. The Y-polarized radiation patch has two slots, which are symmetrical along the center of the antenna unit. P3 and P4 are set at the midpoints of the two slots. Among them, P1 is set on the side close to the positive direction of the X axis, and P3 is set on the side close to the positive direction of the Y axis. Figure 3 A top view of a frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit is shown.

[0057] In the low frequency band, when the control circuit outputs voltage, only one diode on each transmission array antenna unit can be turned on. The X-polarized rectangular receiving patch 6 receives electromagnetic waves in the low frequency band. When P1 or P2 is turned on, the antenna unit is in the X-polarization mode; when P3 or P4 is turned on, the antenna unit is in the Y-polarization mode; here, when P1 is turned on, the antenna unit is defined to work in state 1, when P2 is turned on, the antenna unit is defined to work in state 2, when P3 is turned on, the antenna unit is defined to work in state 3, and when P4 is turned on, the antenna unit is defined to work in state 4. State 1 and state 2 are both X-polarization modes with a phase difference of 180°. State 3 and state 4 are both Y-polarization modes with a phase difference of 180°.

[0058] In the high frequency band, when the control circuit outputs voltage, two diodes on each transmission array antenna unit can be turned on, among which one diode on one arm of the cross-type radiation patch 3 is turned on, and the X-polarized rectangular receiving patch 6 receives electromagnetic waves in the high frequency band. When P1 and P3 are turned on or P2 and P4 are turned on, the antenna unit is in a +45° polarization mode; the X-polarized rectangular receiving patch 6 receives electromagnetic waves in the high frequency band, and when P1 and P4 are turned on or P2 and P3 are turned on, the antenna unit is in a -45° polarization mode. Here, when P1 and P3 are turned on, the antenna unit is defined to work in state 5, when P2 and P4 are turned on, the antenna unit is defined to work in state 6, when P1 and P4 are turned on, the antenna unit is defined to work in state 7, and when P2 and P3 are turned on, the antenna unit is defined to work in state 8. State 5 and state 6 are both +45° polarization modes with a phase difference of 180°. Both state 7 and state 8 are -45° polarization modes with a phase difference of 180°.

[0059] Since phase quantization is achieved by relying on the symmetry of the structure, the phase of the unit has a good 1-Bit quantization characteristic, the phase in different working states changes linearly, and the phase difference remains basically unchanged at 180°.

[0060] In one embodiment, the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 2 are bonded together by a prepreg 7 .

[0061] In one embodiment, a rectangular bias line 8 is printed on the lower layer of the first dielectric substrate 1, and the rectangular bias line 8 is connected to the orthogonal cross-shaped radiation patch 3 through a plurality of first metal pillars 9, and extends to the outside of the first dielectric substrate 1 and is connected to the control circuit. The rectangular bias line 8 is used to isolate direct current.

[0062] Specifically, the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 1 is 3 mm and the size is 29 mm×29 mm; the thickness of the second dielectric substrate 2 is 3 mm and the size is 29 mm×29 mm; the thickness of the prepreg 7 is 0.2 mm and the size is 29 mm×29 mm; the size of the X-polarized rectangular receiving patch 6 is 20.56 mm×15.31 mm.

[0063] Specifically, the center of the orthogonal cross-shaped radiation patch 3 coincides with the center of the first dielectric substrate 1. Here, the four sides of the X-polarized radiation patch are parallel to the four sides of the first dielectric substrate 1, and the four sides of the Y-polarized radiation patch are parallel to the four sides of the first dielectric substrate 1.

[0064] Specifically, two groups of symmetrical sides of the X-polarized rectangular receiving patch 6 are respectively parallel to two groups of symmetrical sides of the second dielectric substrate 2 , and the center of the X-polarized rectangular receiving patch 6 does not coincide with the center of the second dielectric substrate 2 .

[0065] Specifically, the orthogonal cross-type radiation patch 3 is connected to the X-polarized rectangular receiving patch 6 through the second metal column 10. Openings are provided on the first dielectric substrate 1, the semi-cured sheet 7, and the second dielectric substrate 2. The second metal column 10 passes through the openings on the first dielectric substrate 1, the semi-cured sheet 7, and the second dielectric substrate 2 in sequence, and the opening has the same cross-sectional size as the second metal column 10.

[0066] Specifically, the X-polarized rectangular receiving patch 6 is connected to the metal ground 5 through a plurality of symmetrically arranged third metal pillars 11 for direct current grounding.

[0067] The present application also provides a transmission array antenna. Figure 2 , including a feed source and a square transmission array, the square transmission array is formed by a plurality of antenna units arranged at intervals; the antenna unit is a frequency polarization-based reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit according to the above embodiment.

[0068] Here, a horn antenna is used as the feed source to provide energy to a square transmission array.

[0069] In order to verify the effectiveness of the frequency polarization-based reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit of the present application, the following experimental analysis was carried out.

[0070] The low frequency band of the transmission array antenna unit is: 4.94GHz-5.07GHz, the relative bandwidth is 2.6%, and the low frequency resonance point is 5GHz. Figure 4 shows a reflection coefficient curve diagram of the transmission array antenna unit at a low frequency resonance point;

[0071] The high frequency band of the transmission array antenna unit is: 5.70GHz-5.91GHz, the relative bandwidth is 3.6%, and the high frequency resonance point is 5.8GHz. Figure 5 A reflection coefficient curve diagram of a transmission array antenna unit at a high frequency resonance point is shown;

[0072] The transmission coefficient of the transmission array antenna unit is -1.55dB at the low-frequency resonance point of 5GHz, the transmission coefficient is greater than -2.5dB in the working frequency band, and the cross-polarization is less than -30dB. Figure 6 A transmission coefficient curve diagram of a transmission array antenna unit at a low frequency resonance point is shown;

[0073] The transmission coefficient of the transmission array antenna unit is -1.64dB at the high-frequency resonance point of 5.8GHz, and the transmission coefficient is greater than -2dB within the working frequency band. Figure 7 A transmission coefficient curve diagram of a transmission array antenna unit at a high frequency resonance point is shown;

[0074] The transmission phase of the transmission array antenna unit in the two working frequency bands changes linearly, and the phase difference remains basically unchanged at 180°. Figure 8 The transmission phase curve diagram of the transmission array antenna unit at the low frequency resonance point is shown; Fig. 9 The transmission phase curve diagram of the transmission array antenna unit at the high frequency resonance point is shown;

[0075] When the transmission array antenna unit changes with the incident angle from 10° to 40° in the low frequency band, the phase difference within the unit working bandwidth changes little with the incident angle, and basically remains within 160° to 190°. Fig.10 The graph showing the phase difference of the transmission array antenna unit in the low frequency band as a function of the incident angle is shown;

[0076] When the incident angle of the transmission array antenna unit changes from 10° to 40° in the high frequency band, the phase difference is basically maintained within 160° to 195°. Fig.11 The graph showing the phase difference of the transmission array antenna unit in the high frequency band as a function of the incident angle is shown;

[0077] In order to verify the effectiveness of the transmission array antenna of the present application, the following experimental analysis was carried out.

[0078] See also Figure 2 , multiple frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna units form a 12×12 two-dimensional array to form a transmission array antenna. The transmission array antenna's beam transmission capability and beam scanning capability in two frequency bands are verified.

[0079] Fig.12 The phase quantization distribution of the X-direction patch when the transmission array antenna radiates X-polarized waves along the positive direction of the Z axis is shown; Fig.13 The phase quantization distribution of the X-direction patch when the transmission array antenna radiates X-polarized waves in the XOZ plane deflected 10°-40° is shown; Fig.14 The phase quantization distribution of the Y-direction patch is shown when the transmission array antenna radiates Y-polarized waves in the YOZ plane deflected 10°-40°.

[0080] By calculating the theoretical beam deflection angle, the transmission array antenna units working in 8 states are arranged and combined. In the full-wave simulation software, the transmission array antenna units in 8 different working states are arranged according to the code to form a transmission array antenna. The far-field radiation pattern of the transmission array antenna is calculated to verify the beam scanning capability of the 1-Bit quantized frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna in the direction of 10°-40°.

[0081] Fig.15 The two-dimensional far-field pattern results are shown when the transmission array antenna operates at 5 GHz and radiates X-polarized waves along the positive direction of the Z axis with theoretical coding; Fig.16 The two-dimensional far-field pattern results of the transmission array antenna when operating at 5GHz and radiating Y-polarized waves along the positive direction of the Z axis with theoretical coding are shown. The deflection angle of the transmission array antenna is 0°, which is consistent with the theoretical value. The peak gain reaches 18.8dBi, and the aperture efficiency reaches 18%. The antenna has good performance. At the same time, since the beam and the feed source are not on the same side of the transmission array antenna, the shielding effect of the feed source on the beam is effectively avoided.

[0082] Fig.17 The two-dimensional far-field radiation pattern results are shown when the transmission array antenna operates at 5 GHz and radiates X-polarized waves in the XOZ plane deflected by 10°-40° with theoretical coding. The deflection angles of the transmission array antenna are 0°, 20°, and 40°, respectively, which are consistent with the theoretical values. The antenna performance is good.

[0083] Fig.18 The two-dimensional far-field radiation pattern results are shown when the transmission array antenna operates at 5 GHz and radiates Y-polarized waves in the YOZ plane deflected by 10°-40° with theoretical coding. The deflection angles of the transmission array antenna are 0°, 20°, and 40°, respectively, which are consistent with the theoretical values. The antenna performance is good.

[0084] Fig.19 The phase quantization distribution of the X-direction patch and the Y-direction patch when the transmission array antenna radiates a +45° polarized wave along the positive direction of the Z axis is shown, where (a) is the phase quantization distribution of the X-direction patch, and (b) is the phase quantization distribution of the Y-direction patch; Fig. 20The phase quantization distribution of the X-direction patch when the transmission array antenna radiates a +45° polarized wave at phi=+45° and deflects 10°-40°; Fig.21 The phase quantization distribution of the Y-direction patch is shown when the transmission array antenna radiates a +45° polarized wave at phi=+45° and deflected in the direction of 10°-40°.

[0085] Fig. 22 The two-dimensional far-field pattern results are shown when the transmission array antenna operates at 5.8 GHz and radiates +45° polarized waves along the positive direction of the Z axis with theoretical coding; Fig.23 The two-dimensional far-field pattern results of the transmission array antenna when operating at 5.8GHz and radiating -45° polarized waves along the positive direction of the Z axis with theoretical coding are shown. The deflection angle of the transmission array antenna is 0°, which is consistent with the theoretical value. The peak gain reaches 18.9dBi and the aperture efficiency reaches 18.5%. The antenna has good performance.

[0086] Fig.24 The two-dimensional far-field radiation pattern results are shown when the transmission array antenna operates at 5.8GHz and radiates +45° polarized waves with theoretical coding at phi=+45° deflected by 10°-40°. The deflection angles of the transmission array antenna are 0°, 20°, and 40°, respectively, which are consistent with the theoretical values. The antenna performance is good.

[0087] Fig.25 The two-dimensional far-field radiation pattern results are shown when the transmission array antenna operates at 5.8GHz and radiates -45° polarized waves with theoretical coding at phi=-45° deflected by 10°-40°. The deflection angles of the transmission array antenna are 0°, 20°, and 40°, respectively, which are consistent with the theoretical values. The antenna performance is good.

[0088] The above data only gives the far-field radiation patterns of the 12×12 two-dimensional transmission array antenna with different beam deflection angles when it works at 5.0GHz and 5.8GHz. In fact, the transmission array antenna composed of frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna units can realize beam scanning function in the two working frequency bands of 4.94GHz-5.07GHz and 5.7GHz-5.91GHz, which will not be described here.

[0089] In summary, the frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit of the present application has good transmission performance in both low-frequency bands and high-frequency bands. By loading 4 diodes on the orthogonal cross-type radiation patch and controlling the on / off state of the diodes, the polarization state of the transmission unit can be changed, thereby realizing the high gain, adjustable polarization and beam scanning characteristics of the transmission array antenna.

[0090] The frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna units are formed into a 12×12 two-dimensional array, and the transmission performance of the transmission array antenna and the beam scanning function in two frequency bands are verified through full-wave simulation. The gain and beam pointing performance of the transmission array antenna are excellent, and it can meet the needs of more wireless communication environments. In addition, the application also has the advantages of dual-frequency operation, adjustable polarization, high gain, small size, low cost, and beam scanning.

[0091] The above are only various implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit, characterized in that: include: A first dielectric substrate (1) and a second dielectric substrate (2), wherein an orthogonal cross-shaped radiation patch (3) is printed on the upper layer of the first dielectric substrate (1), and four diodes (4) are mounted on the orthogonal cross-shaped radiation patch (3); a metal ground (5) is arranged on the upper layer of the second dielectric substrate (2), and an X-polarized rectangular receiving patch (6) is arranged on the lower layer of the second dielectric substrate (2); The four diodes (4) are connected to a control circuit, and the control circuit controls the conduction and cutoff of the four diodes (4) to achieve the conversion of the antenna unit in four different polarization modes.

2. The frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The orthogonal cross-shaped radiation patch (3) comprises two rectangular patches placed orthogonally to form an orthogonal cross-shaped radiation patch with four ends, wherein the two rectangular patches are respectively an X-polarized radiation patch and a Y-polarized radiation patch; The four diodes (4) are P1, P2, P3, and P4 respectively, P1 and P2 are arranged at two ends of the X-polarized radiation patch, and P3 and P4 are arranged at two ends of the Y-polarized radiation patch; The X-polarized rectangular receiving patch (6) receives electromagnetic waves in the low frequency band. When P1 or P2 is turned on, the antenna unit is in the X-polarization mode; when P3 or P4 is turned on, the antenna unit is in the Y-polarization mode; The X-polarized rectangular receiving patch (6) receives electromagnetic waves in the high frequency band. When P1 and P3 are turned on or P2 and P4 are turned on, the antenna unit is in a +45° polarization mode. The X-polarized rectangular receiving patch (6) receives electromagnetic waves in the high frequency band. When P1 and P4 are turned on or P2 and P3 are turned on, the antenna unit is in a -45° polarization mode.

3. The frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first dielectric substrate (1) and the second dielectric substrate (2) are bonded together via a prepreg (7).

4. The frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rectangular bias line (8) is printed on the lower layer of the first dielectric substrate (1); the rectangular bias line (8) is connected to the orthogonal cross-type radiation patch (3) through a plurality of first metal columns (9), and extends to the outside of the first dielectric substrate (1) to be connected to the control circuit.

5. The frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the first dielectric substrate (1) is 3 mm, and the size is 29 mm×29 mm; the thickness of the second dielectric substrate (2) is 3 mm, and the size is 29 mm×29 mm; the thickness of the prepreg (7) is 0.2 mm, and the size is 29 mm×29 mm; the size of the X-polarized rectangular receiving patch (6) is 20.56 mm×15.31 mm.

6. The frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center of the orthogonal cross-shaped radiation patch (3) coincides with the center of the first dielectric substrate (1).

7. The frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two groups of symmetrical sides of the X-polarized rectangular receiving patch (6) are respectively parallel to the two groups of symmetrical sides of the second dielectric substrate (2), and the center of the X-polarized rectangular receiving patch (6) does not coincide with the center of the second dielectric substrate (2).

8. The frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The orthogonal cross-shaped radiation patch (3) is connected to the X-polarized rectangular receiving patch (6) via a second metal column (10); openings are provided on the first dielectric substrate (1), the prepreg (7), and the second dielectric substrate (2); the second metal column (10) passes through the openings on the first dielectric substrate (1), the prepreg (7), and the second dielectric substrate (2) in sequence; and the openings have the same cross-sectional dimensions as the second metal column (10).

9. The frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The X-polarized rectangular receiving patch (6) is connected to the metal ground (5) via a plurality of symmetrically arranged third metal pillars (11).

10. A transmission array antenna, characterized in that: It comprises a feed source and a square transmission array, wherein the square transmission array is formed by arranging a plurality of antenna units at intervals; the antenna unit is a frequency polarization reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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