Reverse track hinge
By designing the curvature characteristics and support surface structure of the second ball track of the reverse track articulation part when bent at a small angle, the problem of high weight and high cost in the application of small bending angles is solved, and small weight is achieved , high-efficiency and environmentally friendly manufacturing help reduce CO2.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202280095550.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2022-06-10
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-13
AI Technical Summary
The existing synchronous articulation sections have problems such as large weight and high manufacturing cost in small bending angle applications, and it is difficult to achieve CO2 reduction.
A reverse track hinge part is designed, and the second ball track of the outer part of the hinge part extends radially from the track bending angle of ±15° on the bottom side, and the ball is larger when bent. The curvature of the curvature moves radially inward to achieve a small angle reverse track hinge, and the outer parts of the hinge achieve short axial length, material savings and small weight, and reduce manufacturing costs through support surfaces and finishing.
The synchronous articulation section with small weight and high efficiency is realized, and is manufactured at a cost appropriately, with environmental advantages and helps reduce CO2 emissions.
Smart Images
Figure CN119137386A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to a synchronous joint in the form of a counter-track joint. Background Art
[0002] DE 100 60 120 A1 discloses a synchronous joint having a joint outer part with a curved outer track, a joint inner part with a curved inner track, balls accommodated in the outer track and the inner track, and a ball cage with a cage window in which the balls are held. A first outer track forms a first track pair with a first inner track, a first control angle of the first track pair opens in a first axial direction, and a first ball is held in the first track pair. A second outer track forms a second track pair with a second inner track, a second control angle of the second track pair opens in a second axial direction, and a second ball is held in the second track pair. The joint outer part and the joint inner part are axially movable relative to each other.
[0003] Another reverse track hinge is known from WO 2013 / 029655 A1. When the hinge is stretched, the first track pair opens toward the opening side and the second track pair opens toward the coupling side. The control angle of the first track pair is greater than the control angle of the second track pair. The first center point line of the first track pair in the hinge outer part extends radially within a reference arc in the direction of the coupling side and radially outside the reference arc in the direction of the opening side.
[0004] DE 103 37 612 A1 discloses a reverse rail joint in which the rail pair opening toward the bottom is designed such that when the joint is bent at the ball via the center plane into the joint outer part, the opening angle is initially zero and then opens toward the open side.
[0005] Another reverse track joint is known from US 2007 / 0111806 A1, which corresponds to WO 2006 / 048032 A1. A ball track that opens in the joint center plane in the direction of the coupling side when the joint is stretched has a first curved section with a small radius on the coupling side, a second curved section with a larger radius in the region of the joint center plane, and a third curved section on the opening side, which has an opposite direction of curvature to the second curved section.
[0006] DE 103 04 156 A1 discloses a reverse track joint with eight balls, in which the second outer ball track has a mounting extension at the opening of the joint outer part for inserting the second ball from the radial outside into the cage window. The second ball is inserted when the first cage window is already fully equipped with the first ball. For the insertion, the joint is bent, wherein the second cage window emerges from the joint outer part.
[0007] A reverse rail articulation for large bending angles is known from WO 2007079762 A1. Summary of the invention
[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a synchronous joint, in particular for small bending angles, which has a low weight and a high efficiency and which can be produced cost-effectively in order to contribute overall to the CO 2 reduction.
[0009] According to the invention, a synchronous joint in the form of a counter-track joint is proposed having the features of claim 1. Further possible embodiments are disclosed in the dependent claims.
[0010] The inner part of the hinge is angularly movable relative to the outer part of the hinge within the primary hinge bending angle range and the secondary hinge bending angle range connected thereto. The primary hinge bending angle range defines the following bending angle range, along which the first or second ball moves when the hinge is in operation. In this regard, the primary hinge bending angle can also be referred to as the operating bending angle. The maximum primary hinge bending angle is defined as the following bending angle, in which all balls still just participate in the torque transmission between the outer part of the hinge and the inner part of the hinge before the first or second ball wandering on the opening side comes out of the opening side from the relevant track alignment. When the hinge deflects within the operating bending angle range, the first and second balls move within the corresponding track bending angle range until the maximum primary track bending angle. In particular, the maximum primary track bending angle can be less than ±30°, that is, during operation, the inner part of the hinge can be deflected relative to the outer part of the hinge by this maximum value. During operation, the second ball moves along the primary track section of the outer joint part within the primary track bending angle range up to a maximum primary track bending angle. The maximum primary track bending angle is preferably less than ±20°, in particular less than ±15°, about the joint center plane.
[0011] In the direction of the bottom of the hinge, a secondary track bending angle range is connected to the primary track bending angle of the second outer ball track. The first or second ball only moves into the secondary track bending angle range when the ball is assembled, when the hinge is bent. In this regard, the secondary hinge bending angle can also be called the assembly bending angle.
[0012] In a first offset plane (EA) parallel to the center plane (EM) of the hinge, the track baseline of the first outer ball track has a first maximum radial distance from the longitudinal axis within the running bend angle. In a second offset plane (EB) parallel to the center plane (EM) of the hinge, the track baseline of the second outer ball track has a second maximum radial distance from the longitudinal axis within the running bend angle. An offset plane intersection (PEB) is defined between the second offset plane on the bottom side and the second outer ball track baseline (G22B). The reference arc (CRB12) of the second outer ball track is defined by a track radius, which forms the second outer track baseline (G22B) in the second offset plane (EB). According to the invention, it is provided that, when the hinge is deflected, the second outer track baseline (G22B) extends radially from the center plane (EM) of the hinge in the direction of the bottom of the hinge at the latest from a track bend angle of ±15° within the second outer reference arc (CRB12).
[0013] One advantage of the reverse track joint is that it can be used particularly well for applications with small operating bend angles. Since the second ball track of the joint outer part is designed so that its track base line extends radially in an outer reference arc from a track bend angle of ±15° on the bottom side, the relevant ball moves radially inwards with a greater curvature when the joint is bent. This provides a small-angle reverse track joint with special assembly features. Overall, the joint outer part achieves a short axial length, which leads to material savings and low weight. As a result, the joint has high efficiency, can be manufactured cost-effectively, and contributes to CO2 reduction overall.
[0014] According to one embodiment, the inner surface of the hinge outer part can form a support surface towards the coupling side, against which the cage can be axially supported during assembly. For this purpose, the spherical surface of the hinge part can be designed so that in the assembled state of the hinge (in which the equator of the spherical inner surface of the hinge outer part and the equator of the outer surface of the spherical cage are located in one plane and the equator of the inner surface of the spherical cage and the spherical outer surface of the hinge inner part are located in one plane), the outer radial clearance in the direction of the opening side is greater than the outer radial clearance in the direction of the coupling side. As a result, the hinge inner part can be axially supported against the hinge outer part when the shaft is pressed in through the cage, without the ball getting stuck in the ball track.
[0015] According to one embodiment, the track base line (G22B) of the second outer ball track can have a primary curvature in the primary track section and a secondary curvature in the secondary track section, respectively. The secondary curvature is preferably smaller than the primary curvature, whereby the ball track is pulled radially inward faster on the bottom side and has a shorter axial extension. According to a possible specific scheme, the second outer track base line (G22B) can be formed by an arc with a primary radius (R22Bp) around the primary center point (MBp) in the primary track section, and by an arc with a secondary radius (R22Bs) around the secondary center point (MBs) in the secondary track section. Here, the secondary radius is preferably smaller than the primary radius. The secondary center point (MBs) can have a radial offset in the direction of the ball track relative to the longitudinal axis (L12) of the outer part of the hinge, and / or an axial offset in the direction of the bottom of the hinge relative to the center plane (EM) of the hinge, for example, arranged in the second offset plane (EB).
[0016] Starting from the second offset plane (EB), the primary track segment of the second outer ball track has an open side primary track segment between the second offset plane (EB) and the open side end. The open side primary track segment extends around the track segment center point (MBp) through an open side track segment angle (γB1) less than 23°. A bottom side primary track segment is formed between the second offset plane (EB) and the bottom side end of the primary track segment, and the track segment extends around the track segment center point (MBp) through a bottom side track segment angle (γB2) less than 12°. Due to this design, the primary track segment of the second outer ball track is relatively short overall.
[0017] The outer secondary baseline radius (RMGs) is defined at the track baseline (G22B) in the secondary track section from the hinge center (M) to the second outer ball track (22B). According to one embodiment, the outer secondary baseline radius (RMGs) can be at least in the hinge bending angle between ±40° and ±50°, in particular less than 1.45 times the rolling circle radius (PCRB) of the second ball when the hinge is stretched or less than 1.4 times the rolling circle radius (PCREB) in the second offset plane (EB) of the hinge outer part. This contributes to the short structural form of the hinge outer part.
[0018] The second ball track (23B) of the inner part of the hinge has a second inner primary track section and a second inner secondary track section connected thereto on the opening side. The second ball moves along the second inner primary track section up to the maximum primary bending angle during angular movement within the primary bending angle range. During larger angular movements, that is, starting from the secondary bending angle range, the second ball moves in the second inner secondary track section. According to one embodiment, the second inner ball track has a second inner track base line (G23B), which is convexly curved in the second inner primary track section and is concavely curved and / or straight at least partially in sections in the second inner secondary track section.
[0019] At the hinge inner part, an inner secondary baseline radius (RMGs') may be defined from the hinge center (M) to the track baseline (G23B) within the inner secondary track segment. The inner secondary baseline radius (RMGs') may be less than 1.45 times the rolling circle radius (PCRB) of the second ball when the hinge is stretched or less than 1.5 times the rolling circle radius (PCREB') in the second offset plane (EB') of the hinge inner part at least in the hinge bending angle of ±40° to ±50°.
[0020] According to a preferred embodiment, the bending angle of the primary hinge portion is less than 0.5 times the minimum second assembly bending angle at which the second ball can be inserted into the second track pair. For example, the minimum second assembly bending angle can be greater than 60°.
[0021] The first outer ball track (22A) may form a first undercut (HA) toward the opening side, and the second outer ball track (22B) may form a second undercut (HB) toward the opening side. According to a preferred embodiment, the first undercut of the first ball track opening toward the opening side is smaller than the second undercut of the second ball track opening toward the coupling side. For example, the second outer undercut (HB) may be five times greater than the first outer undercut (HA).
[0022] In terms of the manufacture of the reverse track hinge, different embodiments are conceivable. It is feasible that the hinge outer part and the hinge inner part can be manufactured in such a way that the blank is forged into a preform, the forged preform is hardened, and the preform is mechanically finished after hardening, for example by turning and / or grinding. Alternatively, it is feasible that at least one of the outer ball track group and the inner ball track group is finished before hardening, which can be achieved, for example, by modification, that is, no mechanical processing is performed after hardening. This includes that not only the hinge inner part but also the hinge outer part are finished before hardening in terms of forming before hardening. However, this also includes that only one of the hinge parts is soft-finished, while the other hinge part (i.e. one of the outer ball track group and the inner ball track group) is hardened and hard-machined. For example, hard machining can be cutting machining by means of turning and / or grinding. A reverse track hinge with at least one soft-machined hinge part has the following advantages: since the ball track group is finished before hardening, the reverse track hinge can be manufactured at a low cost. The counter-track joint with soft-finished and hard-finished joint parts also has the following advantages: since the ball-track set, the support surface of the joint outer part and the counter-track shape are hardened and then hard-finished, a good guiding and supporting function and thus high efficiency are provided for the cage.
[0023] The number of torque-transmitting balls and correspondingly of the outer ball track and the inner ball track is preferably divisible by two and is in particular eight, wherein numbers differing therefrom, such as 6 or 10, are also possible. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] The following is an explanation of the preferred embodiments based on the accompanying drawings.
[0025] Figure 1A The reverse track articulation according to the invention is shown in longitudinal section through a first track pair;
[0026] Figure 1B A longitudinal section through the second track pair shows Figure 1A A reverse track hinge in the middle;
[0027] Figure 1C In additional geometric detail, the Figure 1A A reverse track hinge;
[0028] Figure 1D In additional geometric detail, the Figure 1B A reverse track hinge;
[0029] Figure 2A A longitudinal section through the second rail pair is shown in further geometrical detail according to Figure 1B an articulation outer member of the reverse track articulation;
[0030] Figure 2B In additional geometric detail, the Figure 2A The hinged outer part;
[0031] Figure 3A A longitudinal section through the first rail pair is shown in further geometrical detail according to Figure 1A an articulation outer member of the reverse track articulation;
[0032] Figure 3B A longitudinal section through the second rail pair is shown in further geometrical detail according to Figure 1B an articulation outer member of the reverse track articulation;
[0033] Figure 4A The three-dimensional diagram shows Figures 1A-1D The inner part of the hinge of the reverse track hinge;
[0034] Figure 4B The axial view shows Figure 4A The inner parts of the hinge part;
[0035] Figure 4C Based on Figure 4B The section line 4C-4C in FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section through the first inner ball track showing the inner components of the hinge;
[0036] Figure 4D Based on Figure 4B The section line 4D-4D in FIG. 4 shows the inner components of the hinge through the longitudinal section of the second inner ball track;
[0037] Figure 5A The three-dimensional diagram shows Figures 1A-1D A ball cage of a reverse track hinge;
[0038] Figure 5B The cross section shows the Figure 5A Ball cage;
[0039] Figure 5C Based on Figure 5B The longitudinal section of the section line 5C-5C shows the ball cage;
[0040] Figure 5D Based on Figure 5B The longitudinal section of the section line 5D-5D in FIG. 5 shows the ball cage;
[0041] Fig. 6A shows the first ball when it is assembled into the first ball track Figures 1A-1D A reverse track hinge in the middle;
[0042] Figure 6BThe second ball is shown when it is assembled into the second ball track. Figures 1A-1D A reverse track hinge in the middle;
[0043] Figure 6C Shows the operation within the primary hinge bending angle Figures 1A-1D The reverse track hinge in. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0044] Described below together Figures 1A to 6C 1 shows a reverse track joint 11 according to the invention. The reverse track joint 11 comprises a joint outer part 12, a joint inner part 13, a plurality of torque-transmitting balls 14A, 14B and a ball cage 15. In the installed state, a gap can be provided between the spherical outer surface 16 of the ball cage 15 and the spherical inner surface 24 of the joint outer part 12. In the installed state, a circumferential gap 27 is formed between the spherical inner surface 17 of the ball cage 15 and the spherical outer surface 26 of the joint inner part 13. In this embodiment, the surface center points M16 and M17 are located in a common joint center plane EM, wherein in a modified embodiment it is also possible that the surface center points M16 and M17 have an axial distance (offset) in opposite directions with respect to the joint center plane EM. The balls 14A, 14B are held in the circumferentially distributed cage windows 18 in the ball cage 15 in the joint center plane EM. A longitudinal axis L12 is drawn on the hinge outer part 12 and a longitudinal axis L13 is drawn on the hinge inner part 13 , the intersection of the longitudinal axes L12 , L13 with the hinge center plane EM forming the hinge center point M.
[0045] In the embodiment shown here, the inner surface 24 of the joint outer part 12, the cage outer surface 16, the cage inner surface 17 and the outer surface 27 of the joint inner part 13 are spherical. Alternatively or in addition, one or more of the mentioned surfaces can also have cylindrical, annular and / or conical sections. Figure 2A The opening side section 24a, the central section 24c and the bottom side section 24b are shown in FIG. The bottom side section 24b can form a support surface against which the cage 15 can be axially supported with its outer surface 16 when the joint shaft is inserted into the joint inner part 13.
[0046] The hinge outer part 12 has a bottom 19, which can, for example, transition into a coupling pin 25 and an opening 20. The hinge inner part 13 has an opening 21, into which the pin of the drive shaft 30 can be inserted in a rotationally fixed manner to transmit torque. In the present disclosure, the position of the bottom 19 indicates the axial direction "towards the coupling side", and the position of the opening 20 indicates the axial direction "towards the opening side". These terms are also used for the hinge inner part 13, wherein the actual connection of the shaft to the hinge inner part is not taken into account.
[0047] The first track pairs 22A, 23A having first balls 14A for transmitting torque and the second track pairs 22B, 23B having second balls 14B for transmitting torque are alternately arranged on the periphery. Figure 1A As shown in FIG. 1 , the second track pair 22B, 22B is Figure 1B The first ball 14A is in contact with the first outer ball track 22A in the outer part of the hinge and the first inner ball track 23A in the inner part of the hinge. Here, the center point of the first ball 14A defines a first center point line A when moving along the first outer ball track 22A and the first inner ball track 23A, respectively, and the center point of the second ball 14B defines a second center point line B when moving along the second outer ball track 22B and the second inner ball track 23B, respectively. The center point lines A, B are Figure 3A and Figure 3B Furthermore, the first outer ball track 22A and the first inner ball track 23A have a first outer track base line G22A and a first inner track base line G23A, respectively, and the second outer ball track 22B and the second inner ball track 23B have a second outer track base line G22B and a second inner track base line G23B, respectively.
[0048] In the case of coaxial orientation of the hinge outer part 12 and the hinge inner part 13, the tangents T22A, T23A at the ball 14A in the contact point with the first track 22A, 23A form an opening angle δA, which is open toward the opening side. The second ball 14B is guided in the outer ball track 22B in the hinge outer part 12 and the inner ball track 23B in the hinge inner part 13. The ball 14B shows contact in the track base of the ball track, which does not necessarily have to exist. In the stretched position shown, the tangents T22B, T23B at the second ball 14B in the contact point with the second track 22B, 23B form a second opening angle δB, which is open toward the connection side. In the case of a change in the track shape of the reverse track hinge, an opening angle oriented in the opposite axial direction is also obtained in a slightly deflected position of the hinge, especially up to 2°.
[0049] The number of torque-transmitting balls 14A, 14B or inner and outer ball tracks 22A, 22B; 23A, 23B is currently eight. However, variant embodiments with other numbers of balls or tracks divisible by two, such as 6 or 10, are also possible. The two first track pairs 22A, 23A of the joint outer part 12 and the joint inner part 13 are respectively arranged diametrically opposite each other, and the two second track pairs 22B, 23B are arranged diametrically opposite each other.
[0050] The center point lines of the first and second track pairs are located with their center lines in radial planes passing through the hinge, but are not limited to this; the track pairs can also extend slightly spirally around the corresponding longitudinal axis. Each ball 14A, 14B is accommodated in a cage window 18 in the ball cage 15. The radial planes have the same angular distance from each other.
[0051] The features of the reverse track joint 11 according to the invention, in particular the design of the second ball track 22B of the joint outer part 12 and the design of the second ball track 23B of the joint inner part 13 are explained in more detail below. In the context of this disclosure, the following definitions apply:
[0052] The hinge bend angle β defines the angle sandwiched between the longitudinal axis L12 of the hinge outer part 12 and the longitudinal axis L13 of the hinge inner part 13. When the hinge is stretched, the hinge bend angle β is zero.
[0053] The track bending angle β' defines the angle enclosed by the radius at the ball center about the hinge center point M and the hinge center plane EM. Here, in each angular position of the hinge, the track bending angle β' is always half the hinge bending angle β (β'=β / 2).
[0054] The track segment angle γ of a circular arc-shaped track segment defines the angle through which the circular arc-shaped track segment extends at a constant radius around the associated radius center point.
[0055] The mouth opening angle δ defines the angle that is encompassed by the tangent line T at the ball in the contact point with the first ball track or the second ball track when the hinge is stretched.
[0056] The control angle δ / 2 defines the angle which, when the hinge is stretched, is enclosed by a tangent line in the ball center point placed at the corresponding ball center point line and the associated longitudinal axis L of the hinge outer part or hinge inner part. Here, the control angle δ / 2 is equal to half the mouth opening angle δ.
[0057] The center point plane EM is defined by the ball center points of the torque transmitting balls 14A, 14B.
[0058] The first part circle diameter PCDA defines the diameter formed by the center point of the first ball 14A when the hinge is stretched. The first part circle radius PCRA is derived similarly to the radius of the first ball to the center point.
[0059] The second part circle diameter PCDB defines the diameter formed by the center point of the second bulb 14B when the hinge is stretched. The second part circle radius PCRB is derived similarly to the radius of the second bulb to the center point.
[0060] The part circle diameter PCDS defines the diameter of the insertion opening of the hinge inner part 13 , in particular the tooth root line through the insertion opening.
[0061] The reverse track hinge 2 is designed so that the hinge inner part 13 can be deflected relative to the hinge outer part 12 within the primary hinge bending angle range βp and the secondary hinge bending angle range βs connected thereto. The primary hinge bending angle range defines the bending angle range along which the first or second ball 14A, 14B moves when the hinge is in operation. In this regard, the primary hinge bending angle range βp can also be referred to as the operating bending angle. The maximum primary hinge bending angle is defined as the bending angle in which all balls 14A, 14B still just participate in the torque transmission between the hinge outer part 12 and the hinge inner part 13 before the first or second ball that wanders on the opening side comes out of the relevant track centering on the opening side. When the hinge portion deflects within the operating bending angle range βp, the first ball 14A moves within the first track bending angle range β'Ap accordingly, wherein the maximum primary track bending angle at the bottom side of the first outer ball track 22A is represented by β'Am. The second ball 14B moves within the second track bending angle range β'Bp during operation, wherein the maximum primary track bending angle at the bottom side of the second outer ball track 22B is represented by β'Bm.
[0062] The primary articulation bending angle range βp is preferably less than ±30°, for example ±25°. Thus, starting from the stretched state, the articulation inner part can be deflected relative to the articulation outer part during operation up to ±30° or less. During operation, the second ball 14B moves along the primary track section 22Bp of the articulation outer part 12 within the primary track bending angle range β'Bp up to a maximum primary track bending angle β'Bm. The maximum primary track bending angle β'Bm is less than ±20°, in particular less than ±15°, for example ±12.5° around the articulation center plane EM.
[0063] In the direction of the hinge base 19, the secondary track bending angle range β'Bs is connected to the primary track bending angle β'Bp of the second outer ball track 22B. The first or second ball 14A, 14B only moves into the secondary track bending angle range when assembled with diametrically opposite balls. In this regard, the secondary hinge bending angle range βs includes the assembly bending angle.
[0064] In a first offset plane EA parallel to the hinge center plane EM, the track base G22A of the first ball track 22A of the hinge outer part 12 has a maximum radial first distance to the longitudinal axis L12 within the track bending angle β'Ap. In a second offset plane EB parallel to the hinge center plane EM, the track base G22B of the second ball track 22B has a maximum radial second distance to the longitudinal axis L12 within the track bending angle β'Bp. An offset plane intersection PEB is defined between the second offset plane EB on the bottom side and the second outer track base G22B, which is at Figure 2A Drawn in.
[0065] The reference arc CRB12 of the second outer ball track 22B is defined by a track radius R22Bp, which forms a second outer track base line G22B in the second offset plane EB. According to the invention, it is provided that, when the hinge is deflected, the second outer track base line G22B extends radially in the second outer reference arc CRB12 in the direction of the hinge bottom 19 at the latest from a track bending angle β'B of ±20° (for example, from ±15°). Figure 2B In the figure, a base radius RMGs is drawn between the hinge center point M and the track base G22B in the secondary track section 22Bs. The second ball track 22B, 23B is designed so that the base radius RMGs is at least 1.45 times smaller than the rolling circle radius PCRB of the second ball 14B when the hinge is stretched and / or 1.4 times smaller than the rolling circle radius PCREB of the second ball 14B in the offset plane EB at a hinge bending angle β between ±40° and ±50° (corresponding to a track bending angle of ±20° to ±25°).
[0066] As especially Figure 2AAs can be seen in the figure, the track base line G22B of the second outer ball track 22B has a primary curvature R22Bp in the primary track section 22Bp and a secondary curvature R22Bs in the secondary track section 22Bs, respectively. The secondary curvature R22Bs is smaller than the primary curvature R22Bp, so that the ball track 22B is pulled radially inward faster on the bottom side. Therefore, the hinge outer part 12 can be designed to be axially shorter in these circumferential regions. The curvature of the second outer track base line G22B can be formed by an arc with a primary radius R22Bp around the primary center point MBp in the primary track section. In the secondary track section, the track base line G22B can be formed by an arc with a secondary radius R22Bs around the secondary center point MBs. Here, the secondary radius R22Bs is smaller than the primary radius R22Bp. The secondary center point MBs has a radial offset relative to the longitudinal axis L12 of the hinge outer part 12 in the direction of the ball track 22B and an axial offset relative to the hinge center plane EM in the direction of the hinge bottom 19 and can be located, for example, in a second offset plane EB.
[0067] Starting from the second offset plane EB, the primary track section 22Bp of the second ball track 22B of the hinge outer part 12 has an opening-side primary track section between the second offset plane EB and the opening-side end. The opening-side primary track section extends around the track section center point MBp through an opening-side track section angle γBp1, which is in particular less than 23°. Between the second offset plane EB and the bottom-side end of the primary track section, a bottom-side primary track section is formed, which extends around the track section center point MBp through a bottom-side track section angle γBp2, which is in particular less than 12°.
[0068] In the diagram also collectively referred to as FIG. 3 Figure 3A and Figure 3B 2 shows further details of the hinge outer part 12. It can be seen that the first outer ball track 22A forms a first undercut HA towards the opening side 20 and the second outer ball track 22B forms a second undercut HB towards the opening side 20. The first undercut HA of the first ball track 22A, which is open towards the opening side, is in particular smaller than the second undercut HB of the second ball track 22B, which is open towards the coupling side. For example, the second outer undercut HB can be greater than five times the first outer undercut HA.
[0069] exist Figures 4A to 4D (also collectively referred to as FIG. 4 ) shows the hinge inner part 13 of the reverse track hinge 11 according to the present invention. Here, the first ball track 23A extending toward the opening side defines the first center point line A', while the second ball track 23B opening toward the coupling side defines the second center point line B' of the hinge inner part 13.
[0070] Here, the first spherical center point line A' of the inner part 13 of the hinge is complementary to the first spherical center point line A of the outer part 12 of the hinge. That is, the spherical center point line A' of the inner part 13 of the hinge is mirror-symmetrical to the spherical center point line A of the outer part 12 of the hinge about the hinge center plane EM. Correspondingly, the second spherical center point line B' of the inner part 13 of the hinge is complementary to the second spherical center point line B of the outer part 12 of the hinge. That is, the second spherical center point line B' of the inner part 13 of the hinge is mirror-symmetrical to the spherical center point line B of the outer part 12 of the hinge about the hinge center plane EM. In this regard, with regard to the trajectory of the first and second spherical center point lines A', B' of the inner part 13 of the hinge, reference is also made to the explanation made in connection with the description of the outer part 12 of the hinge. Figure 4D In the figure, a first offset plane EA' is drawn at the hinge inner part 13, which corresponds to or overlaps with a second offset plane EB of the hinge outer part 12 in the assembled stretched state of the hinge. When the hinge is assembled and stretched, the second offset plane EB' of the hinge inner part 13 corresponds to the first offset plane EA of the hinge outer part 12.
[0071] The second ball track 23B of the inner part 13 of the hinge has a primary track section 23Bp and a secondary track section 23Bs connected thereto on the opening side. In an angular movement within the primary bending angle range, the second ball 14B moves along the primary track section 23Bp of the inner part up to the maximum primary bending angle. In a greater angular movement, i.e. starting from the secondary bending angle range, the second ball 14B moves in the secondary track section 23Bs. In particular, Figure 4D As can be seen in the figure, the second inner ball track 23B has a second inner track base G23B, which is designed convexly in the primary track section 23Bp in a longitudinal section through the track base, and is at least partially concavely curved and / or straight in the secondary track section 23Bs. Here, the secondary track section 23Bs forms a radially return-offset recess in the direction of the opening side.
[0072] At the hinge inner part 13, an inner baseline radius RMGs' can be defined from the hinge center point M to the track baseline G23B in the inner secondary track section 23Bs. The inner baseline radius RMGs' can be less than 1.45 times the rolling circle radius PCRB of the second ball 14B when the hinge is stretched and / or less than 1.5 times the rolling circle radius PCRB in the second offset plane EB' of the hinge inner part 13 at least in the hinge bending angle β between ±40° and ±50° (corresponding to the track bending angle of ±20° to ±25°).
[0073] According to a preferred embodiment, the primary hinge bending angle βp is less than 0.5 times and / or greater than 0.35 times the minimum second assembly bending angle βBs, at which the second ball can be inserted into the second track pair. The same ratio also applies to the cage running bending angle relative to the cage assembly bending angle. For example, the minimum second hinge assembly bending angle βBs can be greater than ±50° or ±60°.
[0074] The ball cage 15 is shown as a detail in FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D . The cage windows 18, the spherical outer surface 16 and the spherical inner surface 17, which are arranged coaxially with each other in the present case, can be seen. The cage outer surface 16 of the cage 15 and the inner surface 24 of the joint outer part 12 on the one hand and the cage inner surface 17 of the cage and the outer surface 26 of the joint inner part 13 on the other hand can be manufactured in particular in such a way that in the assembled and stretched state of the reverse track joint 11, the outer total axial clearance So between the cage 15 and the joint outer part 12 and the inner total axial clearance Si between the cage 15 and the joint inner part 13 are not the same size. In the present case, the outer total axial clearance is smaller than the inner total axial clearance. In addition, the spherical surfaces 24, 16, 17, 26 of the joint parts 12, 13, 15 can be designed so that in the assembled state of the joint 11 (in which the equator of the spherical surface 26 of the joint outer part 12 and the equator of the spherical cage outer surface 16 are located in one plane and the equator of the spherical cage inner surface 17 and the equator of the spherical surface 26 of the joint inner part 13 are located in one plane), the outer axial and radial clearances are smaller than the inner axial and radial clearances. The spherical outer and inner surfaces 16, 17 of the cage 15 can be soft-finished and then hardened. The soft machining of the surfaces 16, 17 can be carried out in a cutting manner (for example by turning or grinding) and / or without cutting (for example by reshaping). The wall of the cage window 18 that guides the balls 14A, 14B laterally is preferably hard-machined, especially ground, after hardening.
[0075] The reverse track joint 2 according to the invention with eight balls 14A, 14B according to FIGS. 1 to 6 with a running bend angle of, for example, between ±20° and ±30° has compact structural parameters, in particular when the following ratios or ranges for the individual design parameters are observed:
[0076] 3.4 <PCD / DB<3.7
[0077] 1.05 <LIR / DB<1.35
[0078] 0.30 <TIR / DB<0.5
[0079] 1.6 <PCDS / DB<1.8
[0080] 2.9 <DOR / PCDS<3.2
[0081] 0.24 <TC / DB<0.28
[0082] 1.6 <LC / DB<1.9
[0083] 1.15 <RMGs / PCRB<1.4
[0084] 2.0<βBs / βp<2.8
[0085] 18°<γB1<23°
[0086] 2°<γB2<12°
[0087] 2°<γA1<10°
[0088] 5 <HB / HA<10
[0089] Here, named parameters have the following meanings:
[0090] βBs: The bending angle of the hinge assembly for the second track pair
[0091] βp: The bending angle of the hinge
[0092] DB: ball diameter
[0093] DOR: The outer diameter of the outer part of the hinge
[0094] HA: Undercut of the first ball track (outer hinge part)
[0095] HB: Undercut of the second ball track (outer hinge part)
[0096] LC: Cage Length
[0097] LIR: Axial length of the inner part of the hinge
[0098] PCD: Partial circle diameter of a ball
[0099] PCDS: Partial circle diameter of the shaft tooth
[0100] PCRB: rolling circle radius of the ball in track B
[0101] RMGs: Radius of the track base from the center of the articulation to the secondary track section of track B
[0102] TC: Cage thickness
[0103] TIR: Thickness of the inner part of the hinge
[0104] Fig. 6A and Figure 6BThe reverse track hinge is shown in two assembly states of the ball. To this end, the hinge inner part 13 is bent relative to the hinge outer part to an assembly bending angle βs. First, the second ball 14B is inserted into the second ball track 22B, 23B, as in Figure 6B The first ball 14A is then inserted into the first ball track 22A, 23A, as shown in Fig. 6A As shown in Figure 6C In FIG. 1 , the counter-rail joint 2 is shown in an operating angle of deflection βp, which corresponds to a rail deflection angle of βp′.
[0105] A variety of manufacturing methods are possible. The hinge outer part 12 and the hinge inner part 13 can be pre-forged from a blank, hardened from the forged preform and mechanically finished from the hardened preform, for example by turning and / or grinding, in the following order. Alternatively, at least one of the hinge outer part 12 and the hinge inner part 13 can be finished before hardening, for example by means of a reshaping, wherein no further forming mechanical processing is performed after hardening. According to another feasible solution, both hinge parts 12, 13 can also be hardened and finished after hardening, for example by turning and / or grinding.
[0106] List of reference numerals:
[0107] 11 Reverse track hinge
[0108] 12 External parts of hinge
[0109] 13 Inner parts of hinge
[0110] 14A, 14B ball
[0111] 15 ball cage
[0112] 16Outside (15)
[0113] 17Inner side(15)
[0114] 18 Window
[0115] 19 Connection side
[0116] 20 Opening side
[0117] 21 Opening
[0118] 22A, 22B External ball track
[0119] 22Bp primary track segment
[0120] 22Bs secondary track section
[0121] 23A, 23B inner ball track
[0122] 24 inner surface(12)
[0123] 25 External clearance
[0124] 26Outside (13)
[0125] 27 Internal clearance
[0126] 28 Radial expansion
[0127] 29 Notch
[0128] 30 Axis
[0129] 31 recess
[0130] 32 joint piece (12)
[0131] 33 joint piece (13)
[0132] 34 Extension
[0133] 35A, 35B flattening part
[0134] 36 Opening
[0135] β Hinge bending angle
[0136] β' orbital bending angle
[0137] δ Mouth opening angle
[0138] γ orbital segment angle
[0139] CRB Reference Arc
[0140] EA bias plane (22A)
[0141] EA' offset plane (23A)
[0142] EB offset plane (22B)
[0143] EB' offset plane (23B)
[0144] EM Joint center plane
[0145] G Track Baseline
[0146] L Longitudinal axis
[0147] M Center point of hinge
[0148] PEB Offset Plane Intersection Point
[0149] PCD rolling circle diameter
[0150] PCR rolling circle radius
[0151] R Radius
[0152] RMG Baseline Radius
[0153] T Tangent
[0154] Si Total internal axial clearance
[0155] So total external axial clearance
Claims
1. A reverse track hinge, comprising: an articulation outer part (12), the articulation outer part having a longitudinal axis (L12), an articulation bottom (19) defining a coupling side and an opening (20) defining an opening side, and a first outer ball track (22A) and a second outer ball track (22B), the first outer ball track and the second outer ball track being arranged circumferentially distributed in an inner face (24) of the articulation outer part (12), and the first outer ball track and the second outer ball track being at least partially curved in longitudinal section; an articulated inner part (13) having a longitudinal axis (L13) and a first inner ball track (23A) and a second inner ball track (23B), the first inner ball track and the second inner ball track being arranged circumferentially distributed in an outer surface (26) of the articulated inner part (13) and being at least partially curved in longitudinal section; wherein the first outer ball track (22A) and the first inner ball track (23A) mutually form a first track pair, the first track pair extending toward the opening side of the hinge outer part (12), and wherein the second outer ball track (22B) and the second inner ball track (23B) mutually form a second track pair, the second track pair extending toward the connection side, wherein the second outer ball track (22B) has a second outer track base line (G22B) and a second outer primary track segment (22Bp) and a second outer secondary track segment (22Bs) connected thereto, a first ball (14A) in each first track pair and a second ball (14B) in each second track pair, A ball cage (15) is arranged between the articulation outer part (12) and the articulation inner part (13), and has a ball cage inner surface (17), a ball cage outer surface (16) and cage windows (18) distributed circumferentially, each of which accommodates at least one of the balls (14A, 14B), wherein the balls (14A, 14B) are held by the ball cage (15) in the articulation center plane (EM) when the longitudinal axes (L12, L13) of the articulation inner part (13) and the articulation outer part (12) are coaxially oriented, wherein the inner hinge part (13) is angularly movable relative to the outer hinge part (12), wherein the second ball (14B) moves along the second outer primary track section (22Bp) around the hinge center plane (EM) within the primary track bending angle range (β'Bp) up to a maximum primary track bending angle (β'Bm) of ±20°, wherein the maximum primary hinge bending angle is defined as the following hinge bending angle (β) at which all balls (14A, 14B) still just participate in the torque transmission between the outer hinge part (12) and the inner hinge part (13) before the balls (14A, 14B) wandering on the opening side come out of the relevant track centering on the opening side, wherein the second outer primary track base line (G22B) has a maximum radial distance from the second longitudinal axis (L12) in a second offset plane (EB) parallel to the hinge center plane (EM) within the second outer primary track segment (22Bp), wherein a second offset plane intersection point (PEB) is defined between the second offset plane (EB) and the second outer track base line (G22B), wherein a second outer radius (R22Bp) forming the second outer track baseline (G22B) in the second offset plane (EB) defines a second outer reference circular arc (CRB12), The second outer track base line (G22B) extends radially from the hinge center plane (EM) in the direction of the hinge bottom (19) at the latest from a track bending angle (β') of ±20° within the second outer reference arc (CRB12).
2. The reverse track hinge according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The second outer track base line (G22B) extends radially within the second outer reference arc (CRB12) in the direction of the bottom (19) of the hinge in a secondary track bending angle range (β'Bs) connected to the primary track bending angle range (β'Bp) by at least ±25°.
3. The reverse track hinge according to any one of claims 1 or 2, It is characterized in that The second outer track base line (G22B) has a primary curvature in the primary track section (22Bp) and has a secondary curvature in the secondary track section (22Bs), wherein the secondary curvature is smaller than the primary curvature.
4. The reverse track hinge according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The second outer track baseline (G22B) is formed in the primary track segment (22Bp) by an arc having a primary radius (R22Bp) about a primary center point (MBp), and in the secondary track segment by an arc having a secondary radius (R22Bs) about a secondary center point (MBs), wherein the secondary radius is smaller than the primary radius, and Wherein, in the hinge outer part (12), the secondary center point (MBs) has a radial offset in the direction of the second ball track (22B) relative to the longitudinal axis (L12) of the hinge outer part (12), and has an axial offset in the direction of the hinge bottom (19) relative to the hinge center plane (EM).
5. The reverse track hinge according to any one of claims 1 to 4, It is characterized in that The second outer ball track (22B) defines an open-side primary track segment between the second offset plane (EB) and the end of the open-side primary segment, and the open-side primary track segment extends through an open-side track segment angle (γB1) greater than 18° and less than 23° and extends around the track segment center point (MBp).
6. A reverse track hinge according to any one of claims 1 to 5, It is characterized in that The second outer ball track (22B) defines a bottom side primary track segment between the second offset plane (EB) and the bottom side end of the primary track segment (22Bp), and the bottom side primary track segment extends around the track segment center point (MBp) through a bottom side track segment angle (γB2) greater than 2° and less than 12°.
7. The reverse track hinge according to any one of claims 1 to 5, It is characterized in that The outer secondary baseline radius (RMGs) at the track baseline (G22B) within the secondary track segment (22Bs) from the center of the hinge (M) to the second outer ball track (22B) is less than 1.45 times the rolling circle radius (PCRB) of the second ball (14B) when the hinge is stretched at least in the secondary hinge bending angle of ±40° to ±50°.
8. A reverse track hinge according to any one of claims 1 to 7, It is characterized in that The second ball track (23B) of the hinge inner part (13) has a second inner primary track section (23Bp) and a second inner secondary track section (23Bs) connected thereto at the opening side. wherein the second ball (14B) moves along the second inner primary track segment (23Bp) up to a maximum primary bending angle (β'Bm) in an angular movement within the primary track bending angle range (β'Bp), and moves within the second inner secondary track segment (23Bs) in a larger angular movement within the secondary track bending angle range (β'Bs), Wherein, the second inner ball track (23B) includes a second inner track base line (G23B), which is convexly curved in the second inner primary track section (23Bp) and is concavely curved or straight in at least a portion of the second inner secondary track section (23Bs).
9. The reverse track hinge according to claim 8, It is characterized in that The inner secondary baseline radius (RMGs) of the second inner track baseline (G23B) from the center of the hinge (M) to the second inner secondary track segment (23Bs) is less than 1.45 times the rolling circle radius (PCRB) of the second ball (14B) when the hinge is stretched, at least in a secondary hinge bending angle of ±40° to ±50°.
10. The reverse track hinge according to any one of claims 1 to 5, It is characterized in that The first outer ball track (22A) defines an open-side primary track segment between the first offset plane (EA) and the open-side end of the primary track segment (22Ap), and the open-side primary track segment extends around the track segment center point (MAp) through an open-side track segment angle (γA1) greater than 2° and less than 10°.
11. A reverse track hinge according to any one of claims 1 to 10, It is characterized in that The primary hinge bending angle (βp) is less than 0.5 times the minimum second hinge assembly bending angle (βBs), at which the second ball (14B) can be inserted into the second track pair, wherein the minimum second hinge assembly bending angle (βBs) is greater than 60°.
12. A reverse track hinge according to any one of claims 1 to 11, It is characterized in that The first external ball track (22A) has a first external undercut (HA) on the opening side, and the second external ball track (22B) has a second external undercut (HB) on the opening side, wherein the second external undercut (HB) is larger than the first external undercut (HA), in particular, larger than five times the first external undercut (HA) and smaller than 10 times the first external undercut (HA).
13. A reverse track hinge according to any one of claims 1 to 12, It is characterized in that The first and second outer ball tracks (22A, 22B) form an outer ball track group, and the first and second inner ball tracks (23A, 23B) form an inner ball track group, wherein at least one of the outer ball track group and the inner ball track group is subjected to modification finishing before hardening, that is, no machining is performed after hardening.
14. The reverse track hinge according to claim 13, It is characterized in that One of the outer ball track set and the inner ball track set is hardened and hard machined, in particular, subjected to a machining finish after hardening.
15. A reverse track hinge according to any one of claims 1 to 14, It is characterized in that The first outer ball track (22A) and the second outer ball track (22B) of the hinge outer part (12) are soft finished and hardened, and The first inner ball track (23A) and the second inner ball track (23B) of the hinge inner part (11) are hardened and hard finished.