Fuel cell hydrogen supply system and hydrogen supply method

Abstract

The invention provides a fuel cell hydrogen supply system and a hydrogen supply method. The fuel cell hydrogen supply system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a first gas path connected between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and a fuel cell, a second gas path connected in parallel with the first gas path, and a control assembly, a gasification device is arranged on the first gas path, and a gas storage bottle is arranged on the second gas path; the control assembly comprises a controller and a plurality of control valves; the controller controls the plurality of control valves and can respectively control the connection or disconnection of the first gas path and the second gas path, so that the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is conveyed to the fuel cell through the first gas path, and when the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank exceeds a first preset pressure threshold value, the gaseous hydrogen is stored in the gas storage bottle through the second gas path; and hydrogen can be supplied to the fuel cell through the second gas path. According to the fuel cell hydrogen supply system, gaseous hydrogen exceeding the first preset pressure threshold in the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be recycled, so that the release of the gaseous hydrogen to the outside is reduced, and the waste of resources is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of new energy vehicles, and in particular to a fuel cell hydrogen supply system. The present invention also relates to a hydrogen supply method of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system. Background Art

[0002] The fuel cell hydrogen supply system is the energy supply unit of the fuel cell vehicle, which is equivalent to the fuel tank of a traditional car. Its main function is to store and supply hydrogen. Common on-board hydrogen storage devices for fuel cell vehicles include high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage. Low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage is generally used for long-distance transportation of more than 800km, and high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage is generally used for medium and short-distance transportation of less than 800km. In the on-board liquid hydrogen system, liquid hydrogen exists in the liquid hydrogen storage tank at a low temperature of -253℃. The liquid hydrogen storage tank cannot be completely insulated, which easily causes the liquid hydrogen to evaporate after being heated. The hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank generally exists in a state of gas and liquid coexistence. The gaseous hydrogen is in the upper layer, which is used to maintain the storage tank at a certain pressure (such as about 1.6MPa). Since the evaporation rate of liquid hydrogen is very high, the evaporation rate is >3% / day. When the pressure in the storage tank is higher than the set safety pressure (such as about 2.1MPa) after the liquid hydrogen evaporates, the hydrogen in the gaseous state is discharged into the atmosphere from the centralized discharge port of the storage tank.

[0003] In the prior art, the fuel cell hydrogen supply system has the following disadvantages:

[0004] 1. The evaporation rate of hydrogen is high. The liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen bottle will evaporate into gas. When the pressure is higher than the set threshold, the gaseous hydrogen is discharged from the centralized discharge port of the storage tank, resulting in energy waste. At the same time, hydrogen discharged into the atmosphere is flammable and explosive, which can easily cause fire and other unsafe factors.

[0005] 2. Liquid hydrogen vehicles start slowly before the vehicle starts, especially in winter. The liquid hydrogen system needs to absorb heat from the vehicle's thermal management system or use PTC to gasify liquid hydrogen. Before the vehicle starts, the thermal management system has not yet heated up and the temperature is low, and it cannot provide enough heat to the water bath vaporizer. PTC heating consumes power from the power battery, and the power battery has low discharge power at low temperatures, resulting in a long vehicle starting time when the temperature is low. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a fuel cell hydrogen supply system, which can recover and reuse the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank that exceeds the preset pressure, and can also effectively reduce the release of gaseous hydrogen to the outside.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0008] A fuel cell hydrogen supply system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a first gas path connected between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the fuel cell, a second gas path connected in parallel with the first gas path, and a control component;

[0009] The first gas path is provided with a gasification device, and the second gas path is provided with a gas storage bottle;

[0010] The control assembly includes a plurality of control valves respectively arranged on the first gas path and the second gas path, and a controller respectively connected to each of the control valves;

[0011] The controller controls the plurality of control valves to respectively control the connection or disconnection of the first gas path and the second gas path, so that the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is transported to the fuel cell via the first gas path, and when the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank exceeds a first preset pressure threshold, the gaseous hydrogen is stored in the gas storage cylinder via the second gas path, and the gas storage cylinder can supply gaseous hydrogen to the fuel cell via the second gas path.

[0012] Furthermore, a buffer tank located downstream of the gasification device is provided on the first gas line.

[0013] Furthermore, a pressure reducing valve is provided at the inlet of the fuel cell; and a connection point between the first gas path and the second gas path is located between the buffer tank and the pressure reducing valve.

[0014] Furthermore, the second gas circuit includes a first branch connected between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the gasification device, and a second branch connected between the buffer tank and the connection point, and the gas storage cylinder is provided on the second branch.

[0015] Furthermore, a pressurizing device for pressurizing the gaseous hydrogen that pre-enters the gas storage cylinder is provided on the second branch.

[0016] Further, some of the control valves include a first solenoid valve arranged on the first gas path, and the first solenoid valve is located between the buffer tank and the connection point; and / or, some of the control valves include a second solenoid valve arranged on the first branch path.

[0017] Furthermore, the control valves include a third solenoid valve and a fourth solenoid valve arranged on the second branch, and the third solenoid valve and the fourth solenoid valve are respectively arranged on the inlet side and the outlet side of the gas cylinder; and / or, a one-way valve is arranged on the second branch; the one-way valve is located on the inlet side of the gas cylinder, and / or, the one-way valve is located on the outlet side of the gas cylinder.

[0018] Furthermore, a first temperature detection device and a first pressure detection device are provided at the inlet of the buffer tank, the first temperature detection device is used to detect the temperature of the gaseous hydrogen after gasification, and the first pressure detection device is used to detect the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen after gasification; and / or, a second temperature detection device and a second pressure detection device are provided at the inlet of the fuel cell, the second temperature detection device is used to detect the temperature of the gaseous hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell, and the second pressure detection device is used to detect the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0020] The fuel cell hydrogen supply system of the present invention can, through the first gas path provided, enable the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank to be gasified by the gasification device and then transported to the fuel cell to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell. Through the second gas path and the gas storage bottle provided, the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank exceeding the first preset pressure threshold can be stored in the gas storage bottle via the second gas path, and the gaseous hydrogen in the gas storage bottle can be supplied to the fuel cell via the second gas path, so that the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank exceeding the first preset pressure threshold can be recovered and reused, reducing the discharge of gaseous hydrogen to the outside, avoiding safety problems caused by the discharge of gaseous hydrogen, and also reducing the waste of resources, and having a good use effect.

[0021] In addition, the buffer tank arranged downstream of the gasification device can buffer the pressure fluctuations of the system, making the system work more smoothly. The pressure reducing valve is arranged at the inlet of the fuel cell, which is conducive to adjusting the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen in the first gas circuit to better meet the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen required by the fuel cell. The first branch and the second branch arranged in the second gas circuit make the first gas circuit and the second gas circuit jointly use the branch between the gasification device and the buffer tank. On the one hand, it is conducive to the rapid heating of the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank to meet the use temperature of the gas storage cylinder. On the other hand, it is also conducive to saving the number of gasification devices set up and reducing the design cost.

[0022] Secondly, the booster device provided on the second branch can boost the gaseous hydrogen that enters the gas cylinder in advance, so as to store the boosted gaseous hydrogen in the gas cylinder. The several control valves provided include the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve and the fourth solenoid valve, which are conducive to realizing the functions of controlling the connectivity of the first gas path, the connectivity of the second gas path, whether to store gaseous hydrogen in the gas cylinder, whether to use the gaseous hydrogen in the gas cylinder to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell, etc. The one-way valve provided on the inlet side of the gas cylinder can effectively prevent the backflow of gas in the gas cylinder, which is conducive to ensuring the stability of the system operation. The one-way valve provided on the outlet side of the gas cylinder can effectively prevent the backflow of gas in the first gas path, which is conducive to ensuring the stability of the system operation.

[0023] In addition, the first temperature detection device and the first pressure detection device are helpful for detecting the temperature and pressure of the gaseous hydrogen after gasification, and the second temperature detection device and the second pressure detection device are helpful for detecting the temperature and pressure of the gaseous hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell.

[0024] Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell hydrogen supply method, which is implemented by the above-mentioned fuel cell hydrogen supply system, and the fuel cell hydrogen supply method comprises:

[0025] Obtain the pressure value of gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank;

[0026] When the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank does not exceed the first preset pressure threshold, the control component controls the plurality of control valves to connect the first gas path, so that the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be transported to the fuel cell through the first gas path;

[0027] When the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank exceeds a first preset pressure threshold, the controller controls the plurality of control valves to connect the second gas path, and the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be stored in the gas storage cylinder via the second gas path, and the gas storage cylinder can supply gaseous hydrogen to the fuel cell via the second gas path.

[0028] Furthermore, when the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen in the gas storage cylinder exceeds a second preset pressure threshold, the controller controls the plurality of control valves to disconnect the first gas path and connect the second gas path.

[0029] The fuel cell hydrogen supply method of the present invention can use the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank alone to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell by applying the fuel cell hydrogen supply system as described above, and can also use the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank alone to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell, thereby reducing the release of gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen, and can also use the gaseous hydrogen in the gas storage bottle alone to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell. In addition, the fuel cell hydrogen supply method can also effectively solve the problem of long vehicle start-up time in winter by applying the above-mentioned fuel cell hydrogen supply system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0031] Figure 1 This is a structural principle diagram of a fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a fuel cell hydrogen supply method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3Another schematic diagram of the fuel cell hydrogen supply method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Description of reference numerals:

[0035] 1. Liquid hydrogen storage tank; 2. Gasification device; 3. Buffer tank; 4. Pressure reducing valve; 5. Fuel cell; 6. Gas cylinder; 7. Pressurization device;

[0036] 10. First solenoid valve; 20. Second solenoid valve; 30. Third solenoid valve; 40. Fourth solenoid valve; 50. First non-return valve; 60. Second non-return valve; 11. First gas circuit; 22. Second gas circuit; 221. First branch; 222. Second branch; 21. Air-temperature vaporizer; 22. Water-bath vaporizer; 110. Tank pressure sensor; 111. First temperature detection device; 112. First pressure detection device; 113. Second temperature detection device; 114. Second pressure detection device; 100. First hydrogenation port; 200. Hydrogen release port; 300. Second hydrogenation port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if there are terms indicating orientation or positional relationship such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc., they are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, if there are terms such as "first", "second", etc., they are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0039] In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, the terms "installed", "connected", "connection" and "connector" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in combination with specific circumstances.

[0040] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0041] Embodiment 1

[0042] The present embodiment relates to a fuel cell hydrogen supply system, which can recover and reuse the gaseous hydrogen exceeding the preset pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and can also effectively reduce the release of gaseous hydrogen to the outside, avoid safety problems caused by the emission of gaseous hydrogen, and also reduce the waste of resources.

[0043] In terms of overall design, the fuel cell hydrogen supply system of this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it mainly includes a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a first gas path 11 connected between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the fuel cell 5, a second gas path 22 connected in parallel with the first gas path 11, and a control component.

[0044] Among them, a gasification device 2 is provided on the first gas circuit 11, and a gas storage bottle 6 is provided on the second gas circuit 22. The control component includes a controller, and a plurality of control valves connected to the controller and respectively provided on the first gas circuit 11 and the second gas circuit 22. The controller controls the plurality of control valves, and can respectively control the connection or disconnection of the first gas circuit 11 and the second gas circuit 22, so that the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is gasified through the first gas circuit 11 and then transported to the fuel cell 5, and when the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 exceeds the first preset pressure threshold, the gaseous hydrogen is stored in the gas storage bottle 6 through the second gas circuit 22, and the gas storage bottle 6 can supply gaseous hydrogen to the fuel cell 5 through the second gas circuit 22.

[0045] The above structural design not only allows the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 to be gasified by the gasification device 2 and then transported to the fuel cell 5 through the first gas path 11, thereby supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell 5. Moreover, when the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 exceeds the first preset pressure threshold, the gaseous hydrogen is stored in the gas cylinder 6 through the second gas path 22, and the gaseous hydrogen in the gas cylinder 6 can be supplied to the fuel cell 5 through the second gas path 22, so that the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 that exceeds the first preset pressure threshold can be recycled and reused, reducing the discharge of gaseous hydrogen to the outside, avoiding safety problems caused by the discharge of gaseous hydrogen, and also reducing the waste of resources.

[0046] It should be noted that the gas cylinder 6 of this embodiment can be a 35Mpa hydrogen storage bottle or a 70Mpa hydrogen storage bottle, and in this embodiment, a 70Mpa hydrogen storage bottle is preferably used, which has the characteristics of high hydrogen storage density and small occupied volume. In this embodiment, the first preset pressure threshold can be, for example, 1.8Mpa or 1.9Mpa. In addition, it should be noted that the control program of the controller of this embodiment can be programmed and designed accordingly according to existing mature programming technology.

[0047] Continue to view Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, a buffer tank 3 located downstream of the gasification device 2 is provided on the first gas path 11. The arrangement of the buffer tank 3 can buffer the pressure fluctuations of the system, so that the system works more smoothly. In addition, in this embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, a pressure reducing valve 4 is provided at the inlet of the fuel cell 5, and the connection point between the first gas path 11 and the second gas path 22 is located between the buffer tank 3 and the pressure reducing valve 4. The pressure reducing valve 4 is provided at the inlet of the fuel cell 5, which is conducive to adjusting the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen in the first gas path 11 to better meet the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen required by the fuel cell 5. Moreover, by locating the connection point of the first gas path 11 and the second gas path 22 between the buffer tank 3 and the pressure reducing valve 4, the first gas path 11 and the second gas path 22 can share a pressure reducing valve 4, which can simplify the gas path while reducing the number of pressure reducing valves 4 arranged.

[0048] As a preferred embodiment, the second gas circuit 22 of this embodiment includes a first branch 221 connected between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the gasification device 2, and a second branch 222 connected between the buffer tank 3 and the connection point, and a gas storage bottle 6 is arranged on the second branch 222. Such an arrangement enables the first gas circuit 11 and the second gas circuit 22 to use the branch between the gasification device 2 and the buffer tank 3 together, which is beneficial to the rapid heating of the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 to meet the use temperature of the gas storage bottle 6, and on the other hand, it is also beneficial to save the number of gasification devices 2 set up and reduce the design cost.

[0049] It is worth mentioning here that in addition to the above-mentioned arrangement, the second gas circuit 22 of this embodiment can also be arranged in other arrangements. For example, in the second gas circuit 22, a gasifier 2, a buffer tank 3 and a pressure reducing valve 4 are separately arranged, that is, the air inlet and the air outlet of the second gas circuit 22 are respectively connected to the gaseous hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the inlet for fuel ignition, and the gasifier 2, the buffer tank 3 and the pressure reducing valve 4 are arranged in sequence on the second gas circuit 22. At this time, the gasifier 2, the buffer tank 3 and the pressure reducing valve 4 on the first gas circuit 11 and the gasifier 2, the buffer tank 3 and the pressure reducing valve 4 on the second gas circuit 22 are used separately on the first gas circuit 11 and the second gas circuit 22, respectively. Such an arrangement is also feasible.

[0050] The gasification device 2 of this embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, mainly includes an air-temperature vaporizer 21 and a water-bath vaporizer 22 arranged on the first gas path 11. Among them, the heat of the air-temperature vaporizer 21 comes from the air, and the cold liquid hydrogen contacts the air at room temperature through the heat dissipation fins, absorbs the heat in the air to heat up and vaporize. The heat of the water-bath vaporizer 22 comes from the heat of the vehicle cooling system, which is generally the heat dissipated by the fuel cell 5 system to the vehicle cooling circulating water, and the hot water enters to exchange heat with the cold liquid hydrogen to heat the liquid hydrogen and promote the gasification of the liquid hydrogen. The air-temperature vaporizer 21 and the water-bath vaporizer 22 are arranged in this embodiment, which can improve the gasification efficiency of the liquid hydrogen.

[0051] In order to facilitate the storage of gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 in the gas storage bottle 6, in this embodiment, a pressurizing device 7 for pressurizing the gaseous hydrogen pre-entering the gas storage bottle 6 is provided on the second branch 222. The pressurized gaseous hydrogen is stored in the gas storage bottle by the pressurizing device 7.

[0052] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned several control valves specifically include a first solenoid valve 10 arranged on the first gas path 11, a second solenoid valve 20 arranged on the first branch 221, and a third solenoid valve 30 and a fourth solenoid valve 40 arranged on the second branch 222. Among them, the first solenoid valve 10 is located between the buffer tank 3 and the connection point, and is used to control the connection or disconnection of the first gas path 11. The second solenoid valve 20 is arranged on the first branch 221 on the second gas path 22, and is used to control whether the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is discharged to the second gas path 22. The third solenoid valve 30 and the fourth solenoid valve 40 are respectively arranged on the inlet side and the outlet side of the gas storage bottle 6. The third solenoid valve 30 is used to control whether the gaseous hydrogen is stored in the gas storage tank, and the fourth solenoid valve 40 is used to control whether the gaseous hydrogen in the gas storage tank is transported to the fuel cell 5.

[0053] In this embodiment, as a preferred implementation, a one-way valve is provided on the second branch 222, and specifically two one-way valves are provided, namely Figure 1 6. In the specific arrangement, the first one-way valve 50 is located at the inlet side of the gas cylinder 6, and the second one-way valve 60 is located at the outlet side of the gas cylinder 6. The first one-way valve 50 arranged at the inlet side of the gas cylinder 6 can effectively prevent the backflow of the gas in the gas cylinder 6, which is conducive to ensuring the stability of the system operation. The second one-way valve 60 arranged at the outlet side of the gas cylinder 6 can effectively prevent the backflow of the gas in the first gas path 11, which is conducive to ensuring the stability of the system operation.

[0054] It is worth mentioning that, in the present embodiment, a one-way valve may be provided only on the inlet side of the gas cylinder 6 , or a one-way valve may be provided only on the outlet side of the gas cylinder 6 , which is also feasible.

[0055] As a preferred implementation of this embodiment, a first temperature detection device 111 and a first pressure detection device 112 are provided at the inlet of the buffer tank 3. The first temperature detection device 111 is used to detect the temperature of the gaseous hydrogen after vaporization, and the first pressure detection device 112 is used to detect the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen after vaporization, which is conducive to detecting the temperature and pressure of the gaseous hydrogen after vaporization.

[0056] Also as a preferred implementation mode of this embodiment, a second temperature detection device 113 and a second pressure detection device 114 are provided at the inlet of the fuel cell 5. The second temperature detection device 113 is used to detect the temperature of the gaseous hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell 5, and the second pressure detection device 114 is used to detect the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell 5. This is beneficial to detect the temperature and pressure of the gaseous hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell 5, thereby ensuring the normal use of the fuel cell 5.

[0057] It should be noted that the first temperature detection device 111 and the second temperature detection device 113 preferably adopt temperature sensors, and the first pressure detection device 112 and the second pressure detection device 114 preferably adopt pressure sensors.

[0058] In addition, in this embodiment, a pressure detection device for detecting the gas pressure in the gas cylinder 6 is also provided in the gas cylinder 6, which is helpful for detecting whether the gas cylinder 6 is full of gaseous hydrogen, or for controlling the order in which liquid hydrogen or gaseous hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell 5.

[0059] In addition, in this embodiment, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is provided with a first hydrogenation port 100, which is conducive to filling liquid hydrogen into the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1. Moreover, in order to facilitate the detection of the pressure of gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a pressure sensor is also provided on the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1. A second hydrogenation port 300 is also provided at the inlet of the gas storage tank, which is conducive to adding gaseous hydrogen to the gas storage tank.

[0060] The fuel cell hydrogen supply system of this embodiment can recycle and reuse the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 that exceeds the first preset pressure threshold, reduce the release of gaseous hydrogen to the outside, avoid safety problems caused by the discharge of gaseous hydrogen, and also reduce the waste of resources, and has a good use effect.

[0061] Embodiment 2

[0062] This embodiment relates to a fuel cell hydrogen supply method, which is implemented by the fuel cell hydrogen supply system of embodiment 1. The principle of the fuel cell hydrogen supply method of this embodiment is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the fuel cell hydrogen supply method includes: obtaining the pressure value of the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1; when the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 does not exceed the first preset pressure threshold, the control component controls a plurality of control valves to connect the first gas path 11, and the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 can be transported to the fuel cell 5 through the first gas path 11; when the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 exceeds the first preset pressure threshold, the controller controls a plurality of control valves to connect the second gas path 22, and the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 can be stored in the gas storage bottle 6 through the second gas path 22, and the gas storage bottle 6 can supply gaseous hydrogen to the fuel cell 5 through the second gas path 22.

[0063] As a preferred implementation of this embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, in the fuel cell hydrogen supply method of this embodiment, when the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen in the gas storage bottle 6 exceeds the second preset pressure threshold, the controller controls several control valves to disconnect the first gas path 11 and connect the second gas path 22.

[0064] Since the lower layer of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is liquid hydrogen and the upper layer is gaseous hydrogen, during normal operation, the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell 5 is heated and vaporized by the liquid hydrogen in the liquid storage tank through the air-temperature vaporizer 21 and the water-bath vaporizer 22, and then enters the buffer tank 3. Then, the gaseous hydrogen is reduced in pressure from the buffer tank 3 through the pressure reducing valve 4 and then supplied to the fuel cell 5.

[0065] The pressure of the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is detected by the storage tank pressure sensor 110. When the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 does not exceed the first preset pressure threshold, that is, the gaseous hydrogen is in a relatively stable state, at this time, the first solenoid valve 10 is opened, and the second solenoid valve 20, the third solenoid valve 30 and the fourth solenoid valve 40 are all closed. The liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is normally heated and vaporized by the air-temperature vaporizer 21 and the water bath vaporizer 22. After being vaporized into gaseous hydrogen, it enters the buffer tank 3, and enters the fuel cell 5 after being reduced in pressure by the pressure reducing valve 4, so as to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell 5.

[0066] When the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 exceeds the first preset pressure threshold, the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is easily discharged into the air through the hydrogen discharge port 200, causing an unsafe factor. At this time, the operating condition of the fuel cell 5 is judged, and according to whether the fuel cell 5 needs to be powered, it is controlled whether the gaseous hydrogen is collected in the gas cylinder 6, or the gaseous hydrogen in the gas cylinder 6 is used to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell 5 through the second gas path 22.

[0067] If the fuel cell 5 needs energy supply, the first solenoid valve 10 and the second solenoid valve 20 are opened, the third solenoid valve 30 and the fourth solenoid valve 40 are closed, and the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is heated by the air-temperature vaporizer 21 and the water-bath vaporizer 22, enters the buffer tank 3, and then is reduced in pressure by the pressure reducing valve 4 and supplied to the fuel cell 5. At this time, the fuel cell 5 consumes this part of hydrogen to supply energy to the vehicle or charge the power battery.

[0068] If the fuel cell 5 does not need to be powered, the second solenoid valve 20 and the third solenoid valve 30 are opened, the first solenoid valve 10 and the fourth solenoid valve 40 are closed, and the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is heated by the air temperature vaporizer 21 and the water bath vaporizer 22, and then enters the buffer tank 3, and then is stored in the gas cylinder 6 after being pressurized by the booster 7. A pressure sensor is provided in the gas cylinder 6. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure in the gas cylinder 6 reaches the third preset pressure threshold, the gas cylinder 6 is about to be full. At this time, the controller controls the gaseous hydrogen to stop pressurizing and charging the gas cylinder 6. Among them, the third preset pressure threshold is greater than the second preset pressure threshold. In the specific implementation, the difference between the third preset pressure threshold and the second preset pressure threshold can be, for example, 3Mpa. At this time, if the fuel cell 5 does not need to be powered, and the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is still beyond the first preset pressure threshold, the gaseous hydrogen can be stored by setting a plurality of gas cylinders 6.

[0069] When the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen in the gas cylinder 6 exceeds the second preset pressure threshold, wherein the second preset pressure threshold is set to 65 MPa, for example, at this time, the gaseous hydrogen in the gas cylinder 6 is about to be full. The controller controls the first solenoid valve 10 and the fourth solenoid valve 40 to open, and the second solenoid valve 20 and the third solenoid valve 30 to close, and preferentially uses the gaseous hydrogen in the gas cylinder 6 to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell 5 to drive the vehicle or charge the power battery.

[0070] In this embodiment, when the liquid hydrogen storage in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is lower than the fourth preset threshold, the controller controls the hydrogen in the gas cylinder 6 to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell 5, and sends a signal that liquid hydrogen needs to be added. When the gaseous hydrogen storage in the gas cylinder 6 is lower than the fifth preset threshold, and the liquid hydrogen storage in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is lower than the fourth preset threshold, the controller sends a signal that gaseous hydrogen needs to be added.

[0071] When the liquid hydrogen reserve in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is sufficient, for example, when SOC>15%, the hydrogen in the gas storage bottle 6 is generally maintained within a preset range, such as maintained within the range of 20-50Mpa. At this time, it is convenient to collect the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 that exceeds the first preset pressure threshold into the gas storage bottle 6, and at the same time, a certain storage capacity can be maintained for the vehicle to move forward.

[0072] When the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 has insufficient liquid hydrogen, for example, when SOC < 15%, the gaseous hydrogen in the gas cylinder 6 can be used to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell 5, and prompt the need to add liquid hydrogen in time. When the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 has insufficient liquid hydrogen, and the gaseous hydrogen storage in the gas cylinder 6 is lower than the fourth preset threshold, the controller sends a signal that gaseous hydrogen needs to be added.

[0073] A first hydrogen filling port 100 is provided on the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and a second hydrogen filling port 300 is provided on the inlet side of the gas cylinder 6. If it is inconvenient to fill liquid hydrogen, for example, when the vehicle is driving to a place where there is no liquid hydrogen filling station nearby, gaseous hydrogen can be filled first to facilitate the refueling of the vehicle. At this time, the gas cylinder 6 supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell 5 alone to drive the vehicle.

[0074] When the vehicle is running at a high temperature, hydrogen is supplied as liquid hydrogen. When the vehicle is cold-started in winter, the temperature is low, such as below -15°C. Since the vehicle cold-start fuel cell 5 needs to absorb a large amount of heat energy, and then the fuel cell temperature is raised to the startable threshold, liquid hydrogen also needs to absorb heat energy for gasification. At this time, in order to save energy, the gas cylinder 6 can be used alone to supply hydrogen, which can save the heat energy consumed by liquid hydrogen gasification, reduce energy consumption, and speed up the vehicle cold start time.

[0075] The fuel cell hydrogen supply method of this embodiment can not only collect and reuse the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 that exceeds the first preset pressure, reduce the unsafe factors caused by the emission of gaseous hydrogen, and reduce energy waste, but also, through the low-temperature liquid hydrogen and high-pressure hydrogen storage method, it can also realize the use of liquid hydrogen alone to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell 5, and the use of gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell 5. At the same time, it can also solve the problem of long vehicle starting time in winter, thereby having a good use effect.

[0076] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell hydrogen supply system, characterized in that: It comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), a first gas path (11) connected between the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and a fuel cell (5), a second gas path (22) connected in parallel with the first gas path (11), and a control component; The first gas circuit (11) is provided with a gasification device (2), and the second gas circuit (22) is provided with a gas storage bottle (6); The control assembly comprises a plurality of control valves respectively arranged on the first gas path (11) and the second gas path (22), and a controller respectively connected to each of the control valves; The controller controls the plurality of control valves to respectively control the connection or disconnection of the first gas path (11) and the second gas path (22), so that the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is transported to the fuel cell (5) via the first gas path (11), and when the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) exceeds a first preset pressure threshold, the gaseous hydrogen is stored in the gas storage bottle (6) via the second gas path (22), and the gas storage bottle (6) can supply the gaseous hydrogen to the fuel cell (5) via the second gas path (22).

2. The fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first gas path (11) is provided with a buffer tank (3) located downstream of the gasification device (2).

3. The fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inlet of the fuel cell (5) is provided with a pressure reducing valve (4); The connection point between the first gas path (11) and the second gas path (22) is located between the buffer tank (3) and the pressure reducing valve (4).

4. The fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second gas path (22) comprises a first branch (221) connected between the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and the gasification device (2), and a second branch (222) connected between the buffer tank (3) and the connection point, and the gas storage bottle (6) is provided on the second branch (222).

5. The fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second branch (222) is provided with a pressurizing device (7) for pressurizing the gaseous hydrogen that pre-enters the gas storage cylinder (6).

6. The fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The plurality of control valves include a first solenoid valve (10) provided on the first gas path (11), the first solenoid valve (10) being located between the buffer tank (3) and the connection point; and / or, The plurality of control valves include a second solenoid valve (20) arranged on the first branch (221).

7. The fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The plurality of control valves include a third solenoid valve (30) and a fourth solenoid valve (40) arranged on the second branch (222), the third solenoid valve (30) and the fourth solenoid valve (40) being arranged on the inlet side and the outlet side of the gas storage bottle (6) respectively; and / or, The second branch (222) is provided with a one-way valve, the one-way valve is located on the inlet side of the gas storage bottle (6), and / or the one-way valve is located on the outlet side of the gas storage bottle (6).

8. The fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: A first temperature detection device (111) and a first pressure detection device (112) are provided at the inlet of the buffer tank (3), wherein the first temperature detection device (111) is used to detect the temperature of the gaseous hydrogen after gasification, and the first pressure detection device (112) is used to detect the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen after gasification; and / or, A second temperature detection device (113) and a second pressure detection device (114) are provided at the inlet of the fuel cell (5); the second temperature detection device (113) is used to detect the temperature of the gaseous hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell (5); and the second pressure detection device (114) is used to detect the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell (5).

9. A fuel cell hydrogen supply method, implemented by the fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The fuel cell hydrogen supply method comprises: Obtaining the pressure value of gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1); When the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) does not exceed a first preset pressure threshold, the control component controls the plurality of control valves to connect the first gas path (11), so that the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) can be transported to the fuel cell (5) via the first gas path (11); When the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) exceeds a first preset pressure threshold, the controller controls the plurality of control valves to connect the second gas path (22), so that the gaseous hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) can be stored in the gas storage bottle (6) via the second gas path (22), and the gas storage bottle (6) can supply the gaseous hydrogen to the fuel cell (5) via the second gas path (22).

10. The fuel cell hydrogen supply method according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen in the gas storage cylinder (6) exceeds a second preset pressure threshold, the controller controls the plurality of control valves to disconnect the first gas path (11) and connect the second gas path (22).

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