High-gain wide-beam telemetering ground receiving antenna based on multi-array element structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-gain wide-beam telemetering ground receiving antenna based on a multi-array-element structure, which comprises an antenna array, a metal floor and an array base, and is characterized in that the antenna array adopts the multi-array-element structure and comprises eight antenna units; each antenna unit comprises a parasitic layer, a micro-strip antenna layer, a feed network layer and a metal cylindrical cavity structure, the parasitic layer, the micro-strip antenna layer, the feed network layer and the metal cylindrical cavity structure are sequentially supported, assembled and connected by medium supporting columns from top to bottom, and the feed network layer adopts a branch line directional coupler in a micro-strip form. According to the high-gain wide-beam telemetering ground receiving antenna based on the multi-array-element structure, the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna is widened in a parasitic structure mode, and the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is widened by adjusting the parasitic size and height; a metal cylindrical cavity is reinforced on the bottom layer of the microstrip network so as to enhance the gain and the axial ratio of the microstrip.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure. Background Art

[0002] An antenna is a device used to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. In many cases, a single antenna can perform the task of transmitting or receiving electromagnetic energy very well. However, a single antenna often cannot meet technical requirements such as high gain, low side lobes, and specific beams. An antenna array composed of discrete antenna units in a special arrangement can meet these requirements. The electrical performance of the array antenna is closely related to the antenna array unit form, excitation coefficient, antenna array aperture, and the environment in which the antenna is installed.

[0003] Microstrip arrays have been widely studied and promoted due to their simple structure, low cost, and higher gain than single microstrip antennas. Traditional array feeding uses series feeding or parallel feeding, additional feeding networks, or integrated bridges. However, when high gain and wide beam working modes are required or when a wider circular polarization working bandwidth is required in the application, the performance of a single microstrip is obviously insufficient. Obviously, relying on the concept of microstrip arrays, research on improving its circular polarization working bandwidth and broadening its beam coverage also has important theoretical significance and engineering application prospects.

[0004] Traditional single microstrip antennas or planar printed antennas can be collectively referred to as planar microstrip antennas. They achieve circular polarization in the form of self-phase shifting structures or directional couplers that can provide a 90° phase difference. Although fruitful research results have been achieved, there are still many challenges. For example, the half-power beam width is relatively narrow, a stable radiation square pattern cannot be achieved in a very wide frequency band, and there is little research on the circular polarization axis ratio beam width. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure, which adopts a parasitic structure to broaden the bandwidth of a microstrip antenna. The impedance bandwidth is broadened by adjusting the size and height of the parasitic. Microstrip branch line directional couplers are cascaded and integrated to form an eight-element circularly polarized feeding network with small insertion loss, high polarization purity and high amplitude consistency. A metal cylindrical cavity is reinforced at the bottom of the microstrip network to enhance the gain and axial ratio of the microstrip.

[0006] The present invention provides a high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure, comprising an antenna array, a metal floor and an array base. The antenna array adopts a multi-element structure, and the antenna array comprises eight antenna units. Each of the antenna units comprises a parasitic layer, a microstrip antenna layer, a feed network layer and a metal cylindrical cavity structure. The parasitic layer, the microstrip antenna layer, the feed network layer and the metal cylindrical cavity structure are supported, assembled and connected in sequence from top to bottom by dielectric support columns. The dielectric support columns comprise a first dielectric support column, a second dielectric support column, a third dielectric support column and a fourth dielectric support column. The first dielectric support column, the second dielectric support column, the third dielectric support column and the fourth dielectric support column are evenly distributed, and the feed network layer adopts a microstrip branch line directional coupler.

[0007] Preferably, the top layer of the antenna unit is a parasitic layer, the middle layer of the antenna unit is a microstrip antenna layer, and the bottom layer of the antenna unit is a feed network layer.

[0008] Preferably, the microstrip antenna layer and the parasitic layer are both made of high-frequency copper-clad plate material, and the microstrip antenna layer and the parasitic layer adopt an orthogonal dual-feed structure.

[0009] Preferably, one end of the four dielectric support columns supports the parasitic layer, and the other ends of the four dielectric support columns are fixedly connected to the metal cylindrical cavity structure. The diameter of the dielectric support column is R, and the spacing between the four dielectric support columns is R4.

[0010] Preferably, the thickness of the parasitic layer is h1, and the gap between the parasitic layer and the microstrip antenna layer is h k , the thickness and diameter of the microstrip antenna layer are h2 and R2 respectively,

[0011] Preferably, the seven antenna units surround a central antenna unit, with a total of eight antenna units forming an antenna array.

[0012] Preferably, the eight antenna units are distributed on a metal floor, and an array base is provided under the metal floor.

[0013] Preferably, the feed network layer is formed by cascading eight branch line directional couplers and T-type power dividers.

[0014] Preferably, the parasitic layer, microstrip antenna layer and feed network layer are all fixed by nylon screws and nuts.

[0015] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure, and adopts a parasitic structure to broaden the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna. The impedance bandwidth is broadened by adjusting the size and height of the parasitic. The microstrip branch line directional couplers are cascaded and integrated to form an eight-element circularly polarized feeding network with small insertion loss, high polarization purity and high amplitude consistency. A metal cylindrical cavity is reinforced at the bottom of the microstrip network to enhance the gain and axial ratio of the microstrip.

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of an antenna array of a high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure;

[0018] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit of a high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure.

[0019] Reference numerals

[0020] 1. Antenna array; 2. Metal floor; 3. Array base; 11. Parasitic layer; 12. Microstrip antenna layer; 13. Feed network layer; 14. Metal cylindrical cavity structure; 15. Dielectric support column; 151. First dielectric support column; 152. Second dielectric support column; 153. Third dielectric support column; 154. Fourth dielectric support column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the common meanings understood by one having ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0023] The words "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "include" or "comprises" and similar terms mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" and similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0024] Embodiment 1

[0025] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the present invention is a high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure, including an antenna array 1, a metal floor 2 and an array base 3. The antenna array 1 adopts a multi-element structure, and the antenna array 1 includes eight antenna units. When the eight antenna units work together, the signal will be stronger and more stable. Each antenna unit includes a parasitic layer 11, a microstrip antenna layer 12, a feed network layer 13 and a metal cylindrical cavity structure 14, which realizes precise control of electromagnetic wave radiation and reception.

[0026] The parasitic layer 11, microstrip antenna layer 12, feed network layer 13, and metal cylindrical cavity structure 14 are supported and assembled from top to bottom by dielectric support columns 15, which are used to firmly connect the above-mentioned layers of structure and maintain the relative position relationship between the layers, making the design, manufacture and maintenance of the antenna unit more flexible and convenient. At the same time, it also provides more possibilities for optimizing the antenna performance, and each layer of structure can be adjusted and improved independently.

[0027] The dielectric support column 15 includes a first dielectric support column 151, a second dielectric support column 152, a third dielectric support column 153 and a fourth dielectric support column 154. The first dielectric support column 151, the second dielectric support column 152, the third dielectric support column 153 and the fourth dielectric support column 154 are evenly distributed to form a stable support frame, which effectively prevents the antenna unit from being deformed or damaged under the action of external forces. By evenly distributing the dielectric support columns 15, it can be ensured that the electromagnetic coupling and radiation performance between the layers of the structure are not affected, thereby achieving more stable signal transmission and radiation efficiency. This is of great significance for improving the overall performance and stability of the antenna.

[0028] The feed network layer 13 uses a microstrip branch line directional coupler to achieve signal power distribution and synthesis. The directional coupler can simultaneously achieve the functions of left-handed or right-handed circular polarization. There is no special requirement for left-handed or right-handed, which makes the antenna more flexible and adaptable during signal transmission and reception.

[0029] The parasitic layer 11, the microstrip antenna layer 12 and the feed network layer 13 are all fixed by nylon screws and nuts, which ensures a stable connection between the layers and is also beneficial to the overall structural stability and durability of the antenna.

[0030] The top layer of the antenna unit is a parasitic layer 11, which is used to adjust the antenna performance, expand the working bandwidth of the antenna, and improve the flexibility of the antenna design; the middle layer of the antenna unit is a microstrip antenna layer 12, which is responsible for signal transmission and reception to ensure the impedance matching of the antenna and the signal transmission efficiency; the bottom layer of the antenna unit is a feeding network layer 13, which transmits the signal to the antenna or receives the signal from the antenna, improves the signal transmission efficiency, enhances the anti-interference ability of the antenna, and reduces the impact of external electromagnetic interference on the antenna performance.

[0031] The microstrip antenna layer 12 and the parasitic layer 11 are both made of high-frequency copper-clad laminate material, and the parasitic layer 11 is made of high-frequency copper-clad laminate material to ensure good matching between the parasitic layer 11 and the antenna, reducing signal interference and energy loss. In addition, the excellent thermal conductivity of the high-frequency copper-clad material also helps to reduce the heat generated by the parasitic layer 11 during operation and improve the overall heat dissipation effect of the antenna.

[0032] The microstrip antenna layer 12 uses high-frequency copper-clad laminate material to provide stable electrical performance, reduce signal loss during transmission, and ensure efficient radiation of the antenna within a specified frequency band; at the same time, it helps to control the dimensional stability of the antenna at different temperatures, thereby improving the reliability and consistency of the antenna.

[0033] The microstrip antenna layer 12 and the parasitic layer 11 adopt an orthogonal dual-feed structure. The orthogonal dual-feed structure realizes right-hand circular polarization, which helps to optimize the overall performance of the antenna, including improving isolation and reducing signal interference.

[0034] One end of the four dielectric support columns 15 supports the parasitic layer 11 , and the other end of the four dielectric support columns 15 is fixedly connected to the metal cylindrical cavity structure 14 . The diameter of the dielectric support column 15 is R, and the distance between the four dielectric support columns 15 is R4.

[0035] The dielectric support column 15 provides a stable support for the parasitic layer 11, ensuring the stability and reliability of the parasitic layer 11 during the operation of the antenna, which is crucial to maintaining the overall performance of the antenna.

[0036] The dielectric support column 15 also plays the role of electrical isolation, preventing direct electrical contact between the parasitic layer 11 and the metal cylindrical cavity structure 14, thereby avoiding possible short circuit or signal interference problems. It ensures that the relative position between the parasitic layer 11 and the metal cylindrical cavity structure 14 remains unchanged, thereby maintaining the stable radiation performance of the antenna.

[0037] The thickness of the parasitic layer 11 is h1, and the gap between the parasitic layer 11 and the microstrip antenna layer 12 is h k , the thickness and diameter of the microstrip antenna layer 12 are h2 and R2 respectively.

[0038] Seven antenna units surround a central antenna unit, totaling eight antenna units to form an antenna array 1. The eight antenna units are distributed on a metal floor 2, and an array base 3 is provided under the metal floor 2. This helps to optimize the directivity and gain of the antenna array 1. By adjusting the phase and amplitude of each antenna unit, the radiation direction of the entire antenna array 1 is more concentrated, thereby improving the gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna. Through the coordinated work of multiple antenna units, accurate positioning and speed measurement of the target can be achieved; multiple advantages such as central symmetry, directionality optimization, application diversification, scalability and flexibility.

[0039] The feed network layer 13 is composed of eight branch line directional couplers and T-type power dividers in cascade. The power distribution, synthesis and phase adjustment of the signal are realized, and a feed network with complex power distribution and phase adjustment functions is constructed; the power distribution ratio and phase relationship of each antenna unit are adjusted according to actual needs, so as to optimize the directivity, gain and other performance of the antenna array 1. At the same time, the cascade design also has a certain degree of flexibility and can be customized and optimized according to different application scenarios.

[0040] The bandwidth of the branch line directional coupler meets the working bandwidth requirements of the antenna, achieves harmonic suppression, and further improves the performance of the antenna. The insertion loss of the branch line directional coupler is 0.02dB. The insertion loss of the entire feed network is very small, and the antenna gain meets the gain index requirements, which means that the signal will hardly lose power when passing through the branch directional coupler, thus helping to ensure that the antenna can receive sufficient signal strength to maintain its normal operation and meet the gain index requirements.

[0041] Therefore, the present invention adopts the high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure, and adopts the form of a parasitic structure to broaden the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna, and its impedance bandwidth is broadened by adjusting the size and height of the parasitic. The microstrip branch line directional couplers are cascaded and integrated to form an eight-element circularly polarized feeding network, which has low insertion loss, high polarization purity and high amplitude consistency, and a metal cylindrical cavity is reinforced at the bottom of the microstrip network to enhance the gain and axial ratio of the microstrip.

[0042] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure. It is characterized in that It includes an antenna array, a metal floor and an array base. The antenna array adopts a multi-element structure. The antenna array includes eight antenna units. Each antenna unit includes a parasitic layer, a microstrip antenna layer, a feed network layer and a metal cylindrical cavity structure. The parasitic layer, the microstrip antenna layer, the feed network layer and the metal cylindrical cavity structure are supported, assembled and connected from top to bottom by dielectric support columns in sequence. The dielectric support columns include a first dielectric support column, a second dielectric support column, a third dielectric support column and a fourth dielectric support column. The first dielectric support column, the second dielectric support column, the third dielectric support column and the fourth dielectric support column are evenly distributed. The feed network layer adopts a microstrip branch line directional coupler.

2. According to claim 1, a high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure, It is characterized in that The top layer of the antenna unit is a parasitic layer, the middle layer of the antenna unit is a microstrip antenna layer, and the bottom layer of the antenna unit is a feeding network layer.

3. According to claim 2, a high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure, It is characterized in that The microstrip antenna layer and the parasitic layer are both made of high-frequency copper-clad plate material, and both the microstrip antenna layer and the parasitic layer are made of orthogonal dual-feed structure.

4. According to claim 1, a high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure, It is characterized in that One end of the first dielectric support column, the second dielectric support column, the third dielectric support column and the fourth dielectric support column supports the parasitic layer, and the other ends of the first dielectric support column, the second dielectric support column, the third dielectric support column and the fourth dielectric support column are fixedly connected to the metal cylindrical cavity structure, the diameter of the dielectric support column is R, and the distance between the four dielectric support columns is R 4 .

5. According to claim 3, a high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure, It is characterized in that The thickness of the parasitic layer is h 1 , the gap between the parasitic layer and the microstrip antenna layer is h k , the thickness and diameter of the microstrip antenna layer are h 2 and R 2 .

6. The high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The seven antenna units surround a central antenna unit, with a total of eight antenna units forming an antenna array.

7. The high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure according to claim 6, It is characterized in that The eight antenna units are distributed on a metal floor, and an array base is arranged under the metal floor.

8. The high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The feed network layer is formed by cascading eight branch line directional couplers and T-type power dividers.

9. The high-gain wide-beam telemetry ground receiving antenna based on a multi-element structure according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The parasitic layer, microstrip antenna layer and feeding network layer are all fixed by nylon screws and nuts.

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