Test device and test method for simulating flow-induced vibration of ship lock valve

Abstract

A test device for simulating ship lock valve flow-induced vibration disclosed by the present invention comprises a water circulation system, a flow-induced vibration test device and a synchronous measurement system, the water circulation system comprises test water tanks located at the left and right sides, and the opposite sides of the bottoms of the test water tanks are communicated with a water delivery gallery made of a transparent material; the flow-induced vibration test device is arranged in the middle of the water delivery gallery, the flow-induced vibration test device comprises a valve simulation piece located in the middle of the water delivery gallery, the upper end of the valve simulation piece is connected with a hoist above, and acceleration sensors are distributed on the valve simulation piece; the synchronous measurement system comprises a vibration analyzer and a control computer. The invention further discloses a test method based on the test device. The working characteristics of the water-saving ship lock water delivery gallery valve can be simulated, the acting force of the complex flow state of water flow on the valve structure is analyzed, the stability of the valve structure is evaluated, and theoretical basis and optimization suggestions are provided for practical engineering application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of valve testing equipment, and in particular relates to a testing device and a testing method for simulating flow-induced vibration of a ship lock valve. Background Art

[0002] A water-saving ship lock is a ship lock that has a water storage tank built on one or both sides of the lock chamber to temporarily store part of the water discharged when the lock chamber is discharged. When the lock chamber is filled with water, the stored water is poured back into the lock chamber to save water consumption when passing through the lock. Water-saving ship locks are the development trend of future ship locks and are widely used in large-scale water conservancy hubs. Compared with conventional ship locks, water-saving ship locks have more water transfer links, which prolongs the water transfer time, thereby affecting the ship passing efficiency and ship lock capacity. In order to meet the needs of rapid ship passing, the valve opening and closing speed of water-saving ship locks is faster than that of conventional ship locks. At present, the normal opening and closing speed of ordinary ship lock valves is generally 2~3m / min, while according to different design indicators and water transfer system types, the opening and closing speeds of water-saving ship lock valves can reach 8m / min and 16m / min respectively. Rapid opening and closing of the valve will significantly disturb the water flow around the valve, and may cause flow-induced vibration of the valve, affecting the normal operation of the hoist, and even causing the vibration and damage of the hydraulic structure structure in the water transfer corridor.

[0003] Existing gate research is mostly focused on the vibration characteristics of hydraulic gates. Tests usually only measure a single physical field parameter, lacking synchronous measurement of the interaction of multiple physical fields, which makes it difficult to reveal the dynamic coupling mechanism between structure and water flow. Valve flow-induced vibration is an important issue in the study of ship lock hydraulics, but the vibration induction mechanism is currently unclear, and research on related issues is very urgent. Existing research on flow-induced vibration is mainly model testing of gates, which is mainly aimed at the situation of blocking water and discharging water on one side. Some other studies on flow-induced vibration, such as a flow-induced vibration test device for a bluff body with a high chord-to-thickness ratio and a pressurized empty box disclosed in CN111537190B, a test device and method for flow-induced noise of an underwater navigation body based on a gravity water tunnel disclosed in CN113091887A, and other technologies all use the test principle of unilateral water supply to simulate the movement of water flow.

[0004] The plane valve under the water-saving ship lock is an important water-blocking structure that connects the two pools. It is used to control water resources between the lock chamber and the water-saving pool. During its operation, it will be subjected to water pressure from both sides. However, there is a lack of research on such model tests. At the same time, previous research and analysis mainly focused on the analysis of the flow field or the unilateral study of structural vibration. As for whether the flow field will induce coupled vibration of the structure, especially for structures with water on both sides such as water-saving ship lock valves, the cause of its vibration is likely to be related to the movement of the flow field. Such fluid-solid coupling research data is also relatively scarce.

[0005] In view of the above situation, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to design a test device system for flow-induced vibration of lock valves that can simulate the working characteristics of water-saving ship lock water transfer gallery valves, realize the synchronous measurement of multi-physical field interactions, and provide experimental conditions for revealing the dynamic coupling mechanism between structure and water flow. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a test device and a test method for simulating the flow-induced vibration of the lock valve, which can simulate the working characteristics of the water transfer corridor valve of the water-saving ship lock and realize the synchronous measurement of the interaction of multiple physical fields, so as to analyze the force of the complex flow state of the water flow on the valve structure and evaluate the stability of the valve structure, so as to provide a theoretical basis and optimization suggestions for practical engineering applications.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A test device for simulating flow-induced vibration of a ship lock valve, characterized in that it includes a water circulation system, a flow-induced vibration test device and a synchronous measurement system, wherein the water circulation system includes test water tanks located on the left and right sides, a water delivery gallery made of transparent material is connected to the bottom of the test water tank on the opposite side, the flow-induced vibration test device is arranged in the middle of the water delivery gallery, a water delivery switch valve is also arranged on the water delivery gallery, an upward water inlet is arranged in the middle of the bottom surface of the test water tank and is connected to a water storage tank through a water inlet pipe, a water pump is arranged on the water inlet pipe connected to the test water tank on one side to form a high water level side test water tank, the flow-induced vibration test device includes a valve simulation component located in the middle of the water delivery gallery, the upper end of the valve simulation component is connected to a hoist installed above the middle of the water delivery gallery, the hoist is used to control the lifting and lowering of the valve simulation component to realize opening and closing, and acceleration sensors are distributed on the valve simulation component; the synchronous measurement system includes a vibration analyzer connected to the acceleration sensor, and the vibration analyzer is connected to a control computer.

[0008] In this way, when the test device is used, the water pump is first used to supply water to the test water tank on the high water level side, and then reaches the test water tank on the low water level side on the other side through the water delivery corridor. After the water level of the test water tank on the low water level side reaches the requirement, the water delivery switch valve is closed, and water is continuously supplied to the test water tank on the high water level side to meet the requirement, so that the water level difference required for the test is formed. Then the water delivery switch valve is opened to keep the water delivery corridor unobstructed, and then the opening of the valve simulation component can be controlled to simulate the opening process of the ship lock valve under the condition of water level pressure difference on both sides. The released water body is affected by gravity, and the water body in the water tank will flow through the water delivery corridor and hydraulic exchange will occur. The water flow then impacts the valve simulation component, thereby simulating the flow-induced vibration phenomenon in reality. The design of the entire system enables the water flow to form a specific excitation effect at the valve, and the impact force on the valve will cause a certain vibration response. Then, the vibration data on the valve is collected by the acceleration sensor and transmitted to the analyzer. The analyzer is connected to the sensor, which can record the vibration amplitude and frequency in real time, and transmit the data to the control computer terminal for analysis, and obtain the flow-induced vibration data of the valve simulation part under the condition of the water level pressure difference on both sides during the working process. It can analyze and judge or obtain the vulnerable position of the valve through repeated tests for feedback reinforcement, so as to evaluate the stability of the valve structure and provide theoretical basis and optimization suggestions for practical engineering applications.

[0009] Furthermore, the test water tank is suspended and supported and installed on the mounting frame, which facilitates the arrangement of structures such as the water delivery gallery and the water inlet pipeline below.

[0010] Furthermore, pressure sensors for the water delivery gallery are installed on the inner top wall and inner bottom plate of the water delivery gallery on both sides of the valve simulation component. The pressure sensors for the water delivery gallery are connected to the vibration analyzer and then connected to the control computer.

[0011] In this way, the water pressure changes on both sides of the valve simulation can be further detected, and data support can be further provided for test analysis. During implementation, the number of pressure sensors on the high water level side of the valve simulation (one each on the upper and lower sides) is lower than that on the low water level side (two each on the upper and lower sides). When working, the pressure sensor is synchronized with the acceleration sensor to observe whether there is synchronous vibration data generated when the water pressure data changes dramatically. If so, it proves that the flow-induced vibration of the valve is indeed caused by the movement change of the fluid. More pressure sensors are set on the low water level side because the water flow behind the valve will change more dramatically, so setting one more group can better improve the detection reliability.

[0012] Furthermore, the inner cavity of the water delivery corridor has a rectangular cross-section, and the valve simulation component is a matching rectangular body structure.

[0013] In this way, the water flow conditions and valves of the ship lock can be better simulated, and the reliability of the test results can be improved.

[0014] Furthermore, the gate hoist includes a rectangular gate hoist housing that is sealed and connected downward to the water supply corridor. The lower end of the gate hoist housing is sealed and fixedly connected to the supply corridor through a sealing ring and bolts. The inner cavity of the gate hoist housing is used to accommodate the valve simulation component upward. The upper end of the inner cavity of the gate hoist housing is provided with a downward telescopic cylinder connected to the valve simulation component.

[0015] In this way, the opening and closing control is realized by controlling the up and down movement of the valve simulation part by the telescopic cylinder, which has the advantages of simple and reliable structure, and is convenient to replace the valve bottom edge part by disassembling the hoist. During implementation, the telescopic cylinder can be an electric cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder.

[0016] Furthermore, the valve simulation component includes an internal beam grid composed of multiple vertical plates and horizontal plates crisscrossed and connected, and also includes a rectangular box-shaped valve shell fixed to the outside of the beam grid. The acceleration sensor is located in the beam grid and fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the valve shell.

[0017] In this way, the structural design of the beam grid optimizes the internal space layout of the valve, reduces the complexity of the internal structure, provides solid support for the valve, and ensures structural stability under vibration and water flow impact; at the same time, the structure facilitates the installation of the acceleration sensor and improves its detection reliability.

[0018] Furthermore, both sides of the valve simulation member are matched in the gate grooves vertically arranged in the middle of both sides of the water delivery gallery, and rollers are installed on both sides of the valve simulation member to roll with the gate grooves.

[0019] In this way, it is more convenient to slide the valve simulation part up and down to open and close.

[0020] Furthermore, an installation groove is provided in the middle of the bottom surface of the valve simulation component along the length direction of the bottom surface, and card grooves are provided on the side walls on both sides of the installation groove and extend through the bottom surface in the length direction. It also includes a group of valve bottom edge parts with the same length and width as the valve simulation component, and card blocks that can be correspondingly inserted into the installation groove and the card groove are provided on both sides of the upper end of each valve bottom edge part. The cross-section of the lower end of each valve bottom edge part has a different shape, and the shape of the lower end cross-section includes a rectangle, an equilateral triangle, a semicircle, or a right triangle.

[0021] In this way, during the test, the valve bottom edge parts with different cross-sectional shapes can be replaced for testing to obtain the bottom edge structure that can best mitigate the impact vibration of the valve (under specific pressure difference impact conditions). This bottom edge structure is the most valve-friendly structural form and can provide feedback to guide the design improvement of the bottom edge structure of the lock valve.

[0022] Furthermore, a flow control and energy dissipation device is provided at the water inlet in the middle part of the bottom surface of the test water tank, and the flow control and energy dissipation device includes an overall annular shell, the shell having an inner shell and an outer shell coaxially arranged, the inner shell is connected and arranged directly above the water inlet, an annular water collecting chamber is formed between the inner shell and the outer shell, a plurality of energy dissipation water outlet holes are evenly distributed on the outer shell, an inlet is also opened on the inner shell, and a horizontally rotatable regulating plug is also fitted inside the inner shell, a regulating screw is vertically fixedly provided on the upper end of the regulating plug, a horizontally arranged regulating nut is screwed together with a thread in the middle part of the regulating screw, the regulating nut is limitedly installed in the shell in the upper and lower directions, an outer gear ring is provided on the outer surface of the regulating nut and is meshed and driven with a regulating gear, and the regulating gear is driven and connected to a water inlet motor.

[0023] In this way, the water inlet motor can be used to control the rotation of the regulating nut, thereby driving the regulating plug to move up and down through the screw nut mechanism, thereby adjusting the size of the water inlet area of ​​the inlet from nothing to something, thereby realizing the regulation and control of the water flow rate of the inlet. The water first enters the water collecting chamber, and then flows out horizontally after passing through the energy dissipation water outlet holes evenly distributed on the outer shell, thereby ensuring the stability of the water inlet and ensuring that a stable water level height can be controlled during the constant head test to avoid water level fluctuations affecting the test accuracy.

[0024] Furthermore, the middle part of the upper end of the shell body is located above the inner shell and protrudes upward to form a barrel-shaped shell cover. The regulating screw and the water inlet motor are installed in the shell cover. The top of the upper end of the shell cover also has an upwardly protruding screw accommodating portion, and a space for accommodating the screw is formed in the screw accommodating portion. A water pressure sensor is also installed on the upper end surface of the shell cover. The water pressure sensor is connected to the control computer, and the control computer is connected to the water inlet motor.

[0025] This not only facilitates the installation of the screw and the water inlet motor, but more importantly, when doing the constant water head test, during the water inlet process of the test water tank on the high water level side, the water pressure of the test water tank can be monitored in real time by the water pressure sensor, so as to obtain its water level data, and then the water inlet motor can be controlled in real time through the control computer feedback to adjust the opening of the inlet, so as to keep the water level in a constant numerical state during the test to ensure the realization of the constant water head test. After adding the water pressure sensor, the constant water head test can be carried out, that is, on the basis of the conventional test, when the water supply switch valves on both sides of the water supply corridor are opened and the valve simulation parts in the process of impact opening are released, the high water level side is replenished with water and the water pressure is monitored in real time to ensure that it is in a fixed water level state, and the test water tank on the low water level side opens the inlet of the flow control and energy dissipation device to discharge water and monitor the water pressure to maintain the water level unchanged until the end of the test. In this way, through the constant water head experiment, it can be tested which fixed opening has the largest flow-induced vibration and which bottom edge type of valve has the largest vibration when the water head on the high water level side remains unchanged. Compared with the dynamic water head test, the vibration characteristics caused by variables in the constant water head test will be amplified, thereby improving the test efficiency and reliability.

[0026] Furthermore, the inlet on the inner shell is located at the upper end of the inner shell, and the water outlet holes on the outer shell are distributed at the lower part of the outer shell.

[0027] In this way, after the water flows into the water collection chamber from the inlet, it first hits the inner wall of the outer shell outward, and then there will be a process of turning downward to reach the water outlet and flow outward, which can better realize energy dissipation in the water collection chamber and avoid the residual flow trend of water flowing upward when the water flows out of the water outlet, which can better ensure the smoothness of the water outlet.

[0028] Furthermore, the synchronous measurement system also includes a laser emitter and a pan-tilt camera arranged outside the flow-induced vibration test device and tracer particles distributed in the test water body. The laser emitter and the pan-tilt camera are arranged opposite to the two side areas of the valve simulation component, and the laser emitter and the pan-tilt camera are respectively connected to the control computer.

[0029] In this way, the laser transmitter can emit laser to illuminate the tracer particles in the water, and cooperate with the gimbal camera for high-speed shooting to ensure that the particle motion trajectory around the valve simulation component can be clearly recorded, thereby better providing key data for the flow field analysis generated by the valve simulation component being impacted by water.

[0030] Furthermore, the laser transmitter is installed in a laser reflection cover arranged opposite to the valve simulation component area, a sliding rod is horizontally arranged above the laser reflection cover, and a sliding seat is horizontally slidably installed on both sides of the sliding rod, and a pan-tilt mounting bracket is hung downwardly on each sliding seat, and the pan-tilt camera is installed in the pan-tilt mounting bracket.

[0031] In this way, it is convenient to adjust the position of the pan-tilt camera and capture the water movement in the areas on both sides of the valve simulation component more clearly.

[0032] Furthermore, a mechanical arm is provided on the outer side of each flow-induced vibration test device, and the mechanical arm includes a base, on which a first arm is vertically and upwardly installed so as to be horizontally rotatable, a telescopic arm is vertically and rotatably installed on the upper end of the first arm, a second arm is vertically and rotatably installed on the upper end of the telescopic arm, the second arm is horizontally arranged with its front end facing the valve simulation component area, and a laser emitter is respectively installed forward at the front end of the second arms of the two mechanical arms.

[0033] In this way, it is more convenient to adjust the position of the laser transmitter and the gimbal camera, thereby expanding the range of water that can be photographed.

[0034] Furthermore, the mechanical arm is mounted on a working console, the control computer is arranged inside the working console, and a display screen and a control panel are arranged on the surface of the working console, so that the control is more convenient.

[0035] Each part of this test device can realize the following conventional workflow.

[0036] Synchronous measurement system: Before the test begins, the pan-tilt camera and laser transmitter must be accurately installed on the electric-controlled manipulator, the main switch of the power supply chassis under the console must be turned on, and the computer and related equipment must be started. The electric-controlled manipulator, vibration analyzer, and flow control and energy dissipation device are started, and communicate with the computer host through a wired or wireless (Bluetooth) connection. After the equipment is started, the system performs a self-check to ensure that each component is operating normally. The operator activates the electric-controlled manipulator through a computer program, adjusts the rotation angle and length of the manipulator, and adjusts the angle and direction of the pan-tilt camera and laser transmitter according to the test requirements to ensure that the equipment focuses on the valve simulation component. When the flow-induced vibration test begins, the computer system starts timing, and various sensors work synchronously with the high-speed camera to record the data of fluid movement and valve vibration in real time, and store these data on the computer hard disk for subsequent analysis. During the test, the operator can also adjust the opening of the control plug in the flow control and energy dissipation device through the computer to control the water flow into the test water tank.

[0037] Flow control and energy dissipation device: After the computer issues a command, the water inlet motor of the flow control and energy dissipation device will start, gradually raising the regulating plug to the maximum opening, and preparing for water to flow in. The operator starts the water pump and pours the water in the water storage tank into the two test water tanks and the water delivery corridor through the water delivery pipe. The expected water level of the water tank is set by the program. When the water level exceeds the water pressure sensor above the flow control and energy dissipation device, the sensor will feed back the water level data to the computer system in real time. The water level gradually reaches the height required for the test. At this time, the water inlet motor of the flow control and energy dissipation device will drive the regulating plug to close, and the water pump will stop working. At this time, the two test water tanks are filled with water at different water levels, and the water delivery corridor is also filled with water. The test is about to enter the next stage.

[0038] Flow-induced vibration test device: Taking the fixed water head test with fixed opening as an example, the hoist will lower the valve to a specific opening according to the requirements of the test settings, the water supply switch valve will be opened, and the test will begin. Due to the effect of gravity, the water in the test water tank with a higher water level will flow through the water supply corridor to another test water tank and impact the valve to carry out the flow-induced vibration test.

[0039] This application has the following features. 1. This test device introduces a new flow control and energy dissipation device. Compared with the traditional overflow plate energy dissipation method, a plurality of circular holes are innovatively designed on the device shell for energy dissipation. This design not only effectively reduces the turbulence of water flow in the water tank, but also greatly improves the flexibility of operation through a small and simple structure; the device integrates an intelligent chip, which can monitor the water level in the water tank in real time through a water pressure sensor, accurately collect data and feed back information to the computer terminal through wireless Bluetooth. This design greatly simplifies the complex process of traditional manual water level monitoring and improves the experimental efficiency; the operator can remotely operate through a visual computer program to achieve precise control of the water inlet flow of the test water tank, providing an efficient and new solution for the constant head experiment; the design of the flow control and energy dissipation device can not only completely close the water pipeline, but also prevent the water body from immediately flowing back to the water tank, reducing the energy loss when the water pump is started again, ensuring rapid water discharge, which improves the test accuracy while reducing the loss of water resources. 2. The synchronous measurement system in this design integrates multiple independent measuring instruments into one platform, greatly improving the efficiency of the experiment. Through the synchronous acquisition and analysis of water flow field and structural field data, this system can accurately reveal complex physical phenomena and their internal laws; the automatic control function equipped by the system not only simplifies the experimental operation process, but also improves the experimental efficiency through real-time data processing and analysis functions, reducing the need for manual intervention; the data processing software embedded in the device can automatically process the collected multi-physical field data to ensure the high accuracy and consistency of the experimental data, thereby effectively reducing the labor cost. 3 The electric-controlled robotic arm in this device has a multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment function, making experimental observation more flexible and convenient. Through the robotic arm, the installed pan-tilt camera and laser transmitter can be used for experimental observation at different angles and orientations, breaking the limitation that traditional equipment is limited to horizontal placement. This design allows experimenters to easily adjust the position of the camera and laser transmitter in various complex experimental environments, making the observation angle from bottom to top or from top to bottom also easy and feasible. This not only improves the flexibility of the experimental equipment, but also provides a more intelligent and integrated solution for scientific research. The innovative concept of this device aims to simplify the workflow of scientific researchers, enable them to complete experimental tasks more efficiently, get rid of the limitations of traditional equipment, and provide more convenient tools and methods for future scientific research.

[0040] The device of this application also has the following application prospects: (1) This device can simulate fluid-induced vibration under different working conditions and provide reliable experimental data for the optimization design of ship lock valves. By improving the structural design of the valve, it is expected to reduce vibration and wear during actual operation, thereby extending the service life of the equipment and improving its operating stability. (2) The synchronous measurement system realizes the synchronous acquisition of parameters of multiple physical fields, providing technical support for studying the dynamic coupling effect between different physical fields. The device can simultaneously measure fluid flow parameters and structural vibration parameters, providing valuable experimental data for revealing the essence of fluid-solid coupling phenomena, and has strong research value. (3) Application of intelligent experimental equipment: The combination of electric-controlled robotic arms, multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment systems and synchronous measurement equipment significantly improves the operational flexibility and observation accuracy during the experiment. This device can not only be used in the research of ship lock valves, but can also be widely used in the research of flow-induced vibration of other engineering structures, promoting the experimental research in related fields to develop in a more efficient and intelligent direction.

[0041] Therefore, the present invention can simulate the working characteristics of the water-saving ship lock water delivery gallery valve, realize the synchronous measurement test of multi-physical field interaction, make it possible to analyze the force of the complex flow state of water on the valve structure, and evaluate the stability of the valve structure, so as to provide a theoretical basis and optimization suggestions for practical engineering applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the test device in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Front view of .

[0044] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a separate valve simulation part and its valve bottom edge part.

[0045] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the internal beam grid and acceleration sensor of a separate valve simulation component.

[0046] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a separate valve simulation component and the outer door groove.

[0047] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the flow control and energy dissipation device.

[0048] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram showing the transmission structure of the regulating plug in the flow control and energy dissipation device.

[0049] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the robotic arm, its laser transmitter and gimbal camera.

[0050] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 Front view of . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation modes.

[0052] Preferred embodiment: See Figure 1-Figure 9 As shown, a test device for simulating flow-induced vibration of a ship lock valve is characterized in that it includes a water circulation system, a flow-induced vibration test device and a synchronous measurement system. The water circulation system includes a test water tank 1 located on the left and right sides. A water delivery gallery 2 made of a transparent material is connected to the opposite side of the bottom of the test water tank 1. The flow-induced vibration test device is arranged in the middle of the water delivery gallery 2. A water delivery switch valve 3 is also arranged on the water delivery gallery. An upward water inlet is arranged in the middle of the bottom surface of the test water tank and is connected to a water storage tank through a water inlet pipe 4. 5, a water pump is arranged on the water inlet pipe connected to the test water tank on one side to form a high water level side test water tank, the flow-induced vibration test device comprises a valve simulation part 6 located in the middle of the water delivery corridor, the upper end of the valve simulation part 6 is connected to a hoist 7 installed above the middle of the water delivery corridor, the hoist 7 is used to control the lifting and lowering of the valve simulation part to realize opening and closing, and acceleration sensors 8 are distributed on the valve simulation part; the synchronous measurement system comprises a vibration analyzer 9 connected to the acceleration sensor, and the vibration analyzer 9 is connected to the control computer.

[0053] In this way, when the test device is used, the water pump is first used to supply water to the test water tank on the high water level side, and then reaches the test water tank on the low water level side on the other side through the water delivery corridor. After the water level of the test water tank on the low water level side reaches the requirement, the water delivery switch valve is closed, and water is continuously supplied to the test water tank on the high water level side to meet the requirement, so that the water level difference required for the test is formed. Then the water delivery switch valve is opened to keep the water delivery corridor unobstructed, and then the opening of the valve simulation component can be controlled to simulate the opening process of the ship lock valve under the condition of water level pressure difference on both sides. The released water body is affected by gravity, and the water body in the water tank will flow through the water delivery corridor and hydraulic exchange will occur. The water flow then impacts the valve simulation component, thereby simulating the flow-induced vibration phenomenon in reality. The design of the entire system enables the water flow to form a specific excitation effect at the valve, and the impact force on the valve will cause a certain vibration response. Then, the vibration data on the valve is collected by the acceleration sensor and transmitted to the analyzer. The analyzer is connected to the sensor, which can record the vibration amplitude and frequency in real time, and transmit the data to the control computer terminal for analysis, and obtain the flow-induced vibration data of the valve simulation part under the condition of the water level pressure difference on both sides during the working process. It can analyze and judge or obtain the vulnerable position of the valve through repeated tests for feedback reinforcement, so as to evaluate the stability of the valve structure and provide theoretical basis and optimization suggestions for practical engineering applications.

[0054] During implementation, the delivery switch valve 3 is a three-way valve with three interfaces that can be individually controlled to open and close. The first and second interfaces of the three-way valve are connected to the delivery corridor, and the third interface is connected to the water storage tank 5 through the return pipe 10. In this way, the opening and closing control of the water delivery corridor can be realized, and the discharge and return control of the water flow in the water delivery corridor can also be realized after the test is completed.

[0055] During implementation, the test water tank 1 is suspended and supported and installed on the mounting frame 11. This facilitates the arrangement of structures such as the water delivery gallery and the water inlet pipeline below.

[0056] Among them, pressure sensors for water delivery corridors (not shown in the figure) are installed on the inner top wall and inner bottom plate of the water delivery corridor on both sides of the valve simulation component 6. The pressure sensors for water delivery corridors are connected to the vibration analyzer and then connected to the control computer.

[0057] In this way, the water pressure changes on both sides of the valve simulation can be further detected, and data support can be further provided for test analysis. During implementation, the number of pressure sensors on the high water level side of the valve simulation (one each on the upper and lower sides) is lower than that on the low water level side (two each on the upper and lower sides). When working, the pressure sensor is synchronized with the acceleration sensor to observe whether there is synchronous vibration data generated when the water pressure data changes dramatically. If so, it proves that the flow-induced vibration of the valve is indeed caused by the movement change of the fluid. More pressure sensors are set on the low water level side because the water flow behind the valve will change more dramatically, so setting one more group can better improve the detection reliability.

[0058] The inner cross section of the water delivery corridor 2 is rectangular, and the valve simulation component 6 is a matching rectangular structure.

[0059] In this way, the water flow conditions and valves of the ship lock can be better simulated, and the reliability of the test results can be improved.

[0060] Among them, the gate hoist 7 includes a rectangular gate hoist shell that is sealed and connected to the water supply corridor downward. The lower end of the gate hoist shell is sealed and fixedly connected to the supply corridor through a sealing ring and bolts. The inner cavity of the gate hoist shell is used to accommodate the valve simulation component upward. The upper end of the inner cavity of the gate hoist shell is provided with a downward telescopic cylinder connected to the valve simulation component 6.

[0061] In this way, the opening and closing control is realized by controlling the up and down movement of the valve simulation part by the telescopic cylinder, which has the advantages of simple and reliable structure, and is convenient to replace the valve bottom edge part by disassembling the hoist. During implementation, the telescopic cylinder can be an electric cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder.

[0062] Among them, the valve simulation component 6 includes a beam grid 12 located inside and composed of multiple vertical plates and horizontal plates crisscrossed and connected, and also includes a rectangular box-shaped valve shell fixed to the outside of the beam grid 12. The acceleration sensor 8 is located in the beam grid 12 and is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the valve shell.

[0063] In this way, the structural design of the beam grid optimizes the internal space layout of the valve, reduces the complexity of the internal structure, provides solid support for the valve, and ensures structural stability under vibration and water flow impact; at the same time, the structure facilitates the installation of the acceleration sensor and improves its detection reliability.

[0064] The two sides of the valve simulation component 6 are matched in the gate grooves 13 vertically arranged in the middle of the two sides of the water delivery corridor, and rollers 14 are installed on both sides of the valve simulation component to roll with the gate grooves 13.

[0065] In this way, it is more convenient to slide the valve simulation part up and down to open and close.

[0066] Among them, a mounting groove 15 is opened in the middle of the bottom surface of the valve simulation component 6 along the length direction of the bottom surface, and the side walls on both sides of the mounting groove 15 are also provided with card grooves that penetrate along the length direction of the bottom surface. It also includes a group of valve bottom edge components 16 with the same length and width as the valve simulation component, and each valve bottom edge component is provided with card blocks that can be correspondingly inserted into the mounting groove and the card groove on both sides of the upper end. The cross-section of the lower end of each valve bottom edge component 16 has a different shape, and the shape of the lower end cross-section includes a rectangle, a regular triangle, a semicircle, or a right triangle.

[0067] In this way, during the test, the valve bottom edge parts with different cross-sectional shapes can be replaced for testing to obtain the bottom edge structure that can best mitigate the impact vibration of the valve (under specific pressure difference impact conditions). This bottom edge structure is the most valve-friendly structural form and can provide feedback to guide the design improvement of the bottom edge structure of the lock valve.

[0068] Among them, a flow control and energy dissipation device is also provided at the water inlet in the middle of the bottom surface of the test water tank 1, and the flow control and energy dissipation device includes an overall annular shell, the shell has an inner shell 17 and an outer shell 18 coaxially arranged, the inner shell 17 is connected and arranged directly above the water inlet, and an annular water collecting chamber 19 is formed between the inner shell and the outer shell, and a plurality of energy dissipation water outlet holes 20 are evenly distributed on the outer shell, and an inlet 21 is also opened on the inner shell, and a horizontally rotatable regulating plug 22 is also fitted inside the inner shell, and a regulating screw 23 is fixed vertically upward on the upper end of the regulating plug, and a horizontally arranged regulating nut 24 is screwed and screwed with a thread in the middle of the regulating screw 23, and the regulating nut 24 is limitedly installed in the shell in the upper and lower directions, and an outer surface of the regulating nut 24 is provided with an outer gear ring and meshed with a regulating gear 25 for transmission connection, and the regulating gear 25 is transmission connected to a water inlet motor 26.

[0069] In this way, the water inlet motor can be used to control the rotation of the regulating nut, thereby driving the regulating plug to move up and down through the screw nut mechanism, thereby adjusting the size of the water inlet area of ​​the inlet from nothing to something, thereby realizing the regulation and control of the water flow rate of the inlet. The water first enters the water collecting chamber, and then flows out horizontally after passing through the energy dissipation water outlet holes evenly distributed on the outer shell, thereby ensuring the stability of the water inlet and ensuring that a stable water level height can be controlled during the constant head test to avoid water level fluctuations affecting the test accuracy.

[0070] Among them, the middle part of the upper end of the shell body is located above the inner shell and protrudes upward to form a barrel-shaped shell cover 27. The regulating screw 23 and the water inlet motor 26 are installed in the shell cover 27. The top of the upper end of the shell cover 27 also has an upwardly protruding screw accommodating portion 28, and a space for accommodating the screw is formed in the screw accommodating portion. A water pressure sensor 29 is also installed on the upper surface of the shell cover. The water pressure sensor is connected to the control computer, and the control computer is connected to the water inlet motor 26.

[0071] This not only facilitates the installation of the screw and the water inlet motor, but more importantly, when doing the constant water head test, during the water inlet process of the test water tank on the high water level side, the water pressure of the test water tank can be monitored in real time by the water pressure sensor, so as to obtain its water level data, and then the water inlet motor can be controlled in real time through the control computer feedback to adjust the opening of the inlet, so as to keep the water level in a constant numerical state during the test to ensure the realization of the constant water head test. After adding the water pressure sensor, the constant water head test can be carried out, that is, on the basis of the conventional test, when the water supply switch valves on both sides of the water supply corridor are opened and the valve simulation parts in the process of impact opening are released, the high water level side is replenished with water and the water pressure is monitored in real time to ensure that it is in a fixed water level state, and the test water tank on the low water level side opens the inlet of the flow control and energy dissipation device to discharge water and monitor the water pressure to maintain the water level unchanged until the end of the test. In this way, through the constant water head experiment, it can be tested which fixed opening has the largest flow-induced vibration and which bottom edge type of valve has the largest vibration when the water head on the high water level side remains unchanged. Compared with the dynamic water head test, the vibration characteristics caused by variables in the constant water head test will be amplified, thereby improving the test efficiency and reliability.

[0072] The inlet 21 on the inner shell 17 is located at the upper end of the inner shell, and the water outlet holes 20 on the outer shell 18 are distributed at the lower part of the outer shell.

[0073] In this way, after the water flows into the water collection chamber from the inlet, it first hits the inner wall of the outer shell outward, and then there will be a process of turning downward to reach the water outlet and flow outward, which can better realize energy dissipation in the water collection chamber and avoid the residual flow trend of water flowing upward when the water flows out of the water outlet, which can better ensure the smoothness of the water outlet.

[0074] The synchronous measurement system further includes a laser emitter 30 and a pan-tilt camera 31 arranged outside the flow-induced vibration test device and tracer particles (not shown in the figure) distributed in the test water body. The laser emitter 30 and the pan-tilt camera 31 are arranged facing the areas on both sides of the valve simulation component, and the laser emitter and the pan-tilt camera are respectively connected to a control computer.

[0075] In this way, the laser transmitter can emit laser to illuminate the tracer particles in the water, and cooperate with the gimbal camera for high-speed shooting to ensure that the particle motion trajectory around the valve simulation component can be clearly recorded, thereby better providing key data for the flow field analysis generated by the valve simulation component being impacted by water.

[0076] Among them, the laser transmitter 30 is installed in a laser reflection cover 32 set at a position opposite to the valve simulation component area, and a sliding rod 33 is horizontally arranged above the laser reflection cover 32. A sliding seat 34 is horizontally slidably installed on both sides of the sliding rod 33, and a pan-tilt mounting bracket 35 is suspended downwardly on each sliding seat 34, and the pan-tilt camera 31 is installed in the pan-tilt mounting bracket 35.

[0077] In this way, it is convenient to adjust the position of the pan-tilt camera and capture the water movement in the areas on both sides of the valve simulation component more clearly.

[0078] Among them, a mechanical arm is arranged on the outside of each flow-induced vibration test device, and the mechanical arm includes a base 36, on which a first arm 37 is installed vertically upward so as to be horizontally rotatable, a telescopic arm 38 is installed vertically rotatably on the upper end of the first arm 37, a second arm 39 is installed vertically rotatably on the upper end of the telescopic arm 38, the second arm 39 is arranged horizontally and the front end is arranged facing the valve simulation component area, and a laser emitter is installed forward at the front end of the second arm of the two mechanical arms.

[0079] In this way, it is more convenient to adjust the position of the laser transmitter and the gimbal camera, thereby expanding the range of water that can be photographed.

[0080] The mechanical arm is installed on a working console 40, the control computer is arranged inside the working console 40, and a display screen 41 and a control panel 42 are arranged on the surface of the working console 40. This makes it more convenient to realize control.

[0081] Each part of this test device can realize the following conventional workflow.

[0082] Synchronous measurement system: Before the test begins, the pan-tilt camera and laser transmitter must be accurately installed on the electric-controlled manipulator, the main switch of the power supply chassis under the console must be turned on, and the computer and related equipment must be started. The electric-controlled manipulator, vibration analyzer, and flow control and energy dissipation device are started, and communicate with the computer host through a wired or wireless (Bluetooth) connection. After the equipment is started, the system performs a self-check to ensure that each component is operating normally. The operator activates the electric-controlled manipulator through a computer program, adjusts the rotation angle and length of the manipulator, and adjusts the angle and direction of the pan-tilt camera and laser transmitter according to the test requirements to ensure that the equipment focuses on the valve simulation component. When the flow-induced vibration test begins, the computer system starts timing, and various sensors work synchronously with the high-speed camera to record the data of fluid movement and valve vibration in real time, and store these data on the computer hard disk for subsequent analysis. During the test, the operator can also adjust the opening of the control plug in the flow control and energy dissipation device through the computer to control the water flow into the test water tank.

[0083] Flow control and energy dissipation device: After the computer issues a command, the water inlet motor of the flow control and energy dissipation device will start, gradually raising the regulating plug to the maximum opening, and preparing for water to flow in. The operator starts the water pump and pours the water in the water storage tank into the two test water tanks and the water delivery corridor through the water delivery pipe. The expected water level of the water tank is set by the program. When the water level exceeds the water pressure sensor above the flow control and energy dissipation device, the sensor will feed back the water level data to the computer system in real time. The water level gradually reaches the height required for the test. At this time, the water inlet motor of the flow control and energy dissipation device will drive the regulating plug to close, and the water pump will stop working. At this time, the two test water tanks are filled with water at different water levels, and the water delivery corridor is also filled with water. The test is about to enter the next stage.

[0084] Flow-induced vibration test device: Taking the fixed water head test with fixed opening as an example, the hoist will lower the valve to a specific opening according to the requirements of the test settings, the water supply switch valve will be opened, and the test will begin. Due to the effect of gravity, the water in the test water tank with a higher water level will flow through the water supply corridor to another test water tank and impact the valve to carry out the flow-induced vibration test.

[0085] Existing research literature shows that the flow-induced vibration of gate or valve structures is mainly affected by vortex shedding and cavitation. The vortex shedding generated when water flows through the structure quickly will cause vortex-induced vibration, while the cavitation or cavitation generated on the valve will cause vibration due to negative pressure. This research device uses a PIV speed measuring device, a water pressure sensor and a vibration analyzer to achieve synchronous measurement of flow field structure and structural vibration through synchronized timestamps. During the synchronous measurement process, on the one hand, by observing the vortex shedding structure generated at the bottom edge of the valve, it is determined whether it occurs synchronously with the vibration data obtained by the vibration analyzer; on the other hand, by using a water pressure sensor arranged near the valve, it is detected whether there is a drastic pressure change and compared with the synchronous vibration data. The experimental design includes multiple types of working conditions, with the aim of qualitatively analyzing by changing a single variable to find out the key factors that cause valve vibration, thereby providing a reference for the optimal design of the valve structure and the improvement of the opening and closing process.

[0086] This device can simulate the flow-induced vibration caused by different head differences under fixed opening conditions to analyze whether the valve amplitude is positively correlated with the water level. At the same time, this study will also systematically analyze the flow field characteristics under different head difference conditions to explore how these conditions affect the stability of the flow and the frequency of vortex shedding. In addition, the effect of head difference changes on the vibration frequency is studied to analyze whether the vibration frequency increases linearly, exponentially, or more complex nonlinearly with the increase in head difference, and further explore the impact of this frequency change on the long-term stability of the valve structure.

[0087] This device can simulate the flow-induced vibration of the valve at different openings. Its purpose is to explore under what opening conditions the structural vibration reaches the maximum value, find out the opening that has the greatest impact on the valve vibration, and then use a variable acceleration opening and closing strategy in the actual operation process, so as to effectively avoid the most unfavorable opening and reduce the vibration risk in operation. In addition, when the fixed opening is less than 0.1, the bottom edge flow velocity increases sharply. Therefore, whether this situation will cause significant vibration and lead to valve damage is an important issue. In actual engineering, the speed of the valve closing process should be optimized to ensure normal closure and avoid unnecessary jet vibration.

[0088] This device can simulate the flow-induced vibration caused by different bottom edge shapes of the valve, and systematically observe the influence of different bottom edge forms on flow field characteristics and vibration parameters, aiming to determine which bottom edge design can achieve the most stable flow field structure and the lowest vibration intensity. Through the systematic comparison of various bottom edge forms, we can deeply understand the complex relationship between flow field characteristics and vibration intensity. In addition, we further analyze the influence of factors such as the geometric shape of the bottom edge on flow separation, vortex shedding frequency and cavitation phenomenon, so as to find the best bottom edge form to effectively reduce the instability of flow and the adverse effects of vibration on the system.

[0089] This device can simulate the uniform opening and closing process of the valve under different head difference conditions, in order to further explore whether the valve will cause violent vibration in the initial opening and closing stage when the head difference gradually increases, thereby causing structural instability. This experiment aims to test whether the burden on downstream valves will be increased when multiple valves are opened and closed at the same time in actual engineering. Especially in the process of filling and releasing water in the provincial water tank ship lock, a step-by-step filling strategy is usually adopted. However, in some cases, the next-level valve is opened in advance when the water level of the previous level has not yet been fully balanced, which may lead to complex vibration coupling, thereby adversely affecting the stability of the structure.

[0090] This device can simulate the flow-induced vibration of the valve under different opening and closing speeds when the head difference is constant. It aims to systematically explore the response characteristics of valve vibration under various opening and closing speed conditions to determine under what conditions the vibration is minimized. By deeply analyzing the impact of different opening and closing speeds on vibration, this study provides a scientific basis for optimizing the valve opening and closing process and determining the optimal opening and closing strategy. In addition, this study also examines the impact of opening and closing speed on opening and closing time, and analyzes the resulting changes in flow field complexity to assess whether it increases the load on the opening and closing device, thereby posing a potential threat to the long-term operating reliability of the equipment.

[0091] In the above working conditions, the dynamic head simulation test is used to reproduce the complex flow conditions in the project as realistically as possible. However, the constant head test is also widely used to analyze the influence of relative opening, bottom edge shape and opening and closing process on the system. Under the constant head condition, the water level of the water tank is kept constant (water is replenished on the high water level side and drained on the low water level side), so that the specific influence of different variables on the vibration response can be observed more accurately. Compared with the dynamic head test, the constant head test can amplify the influence of variables on the vibration characteristics, making it more significant and more interpretable, which helps to deeply understand the specific mechanism of key parameters on system vibration and provide accurate theoretical support for engineering optimization.

[0092] In actual engineering, the filling and draining operations of valves are usually carried out under dynamic head conditions. To simulate this real situation, the model experiment needs to combine dynamic head and constant head experiments. The dynamic head experiment is used to reproduce the real working conditions, but due to the existence of complex phenomena such as turbulence and eddy currents in the fluid, other factors affecting valve vibration may be masked or interfered. In contrast, the constant head experiment excludes these dynamic factors, so that the effects of structural characteristics and pressure changes on valve vibration can be more clearly identified. Therefore, the constant head experiment has a higher effect in observing the impact of a single variable on the system. For example, when the constant head experiment is carried out at a fixed opening, the high water level side is continuously replenished and kept stable, and the low water level side is continuously drained, which ensures the smooth and high-speed flow of the water body in the water tank, which helps to more clearly observe the disturbance characteristics of the water flow behind the valve. On the contrary, in the dynamic head experiment, due to the gradual decrease of the water level, the water flow disturbance caused by different bottom edge forms may not be significant enough, thereby increasing the complexity of the experiment and resource consumption. Therefore, it is very necessary to introduce constant water head experiments in model experiments to improve experimental efficiency and ensure the interpretability of the results.

[0093] Taking the valve bottom edge type fixed head test application as an example, the following details how to determine the specific test conditions of the valve bottom edge structure of the water-saving ship lock water transfer gallery in engineering applications.

[0094] Reason for the test: In the actual operation of the valve of the water delivery gallery of the high-head water-saving ship lock, both sides of the valve are always subject to a large static water pressure, which can reach 20m-50m on the lock chamber side and 25m-45m on the water-saving tank side. The opening and closing process and structural type of the valve during operation will obviously disturb the water flow around the valve, and may cause flow-induced vibration of the valve, affect the normal operation of the hoist, and even cause the structure of the hydraulic structure in the water delivery gallery to vibrate and damage. Since the valve bottom edge position is the key position where the water flows on both sides, this flow-induced vibration caused by the water pressure difference on both sides of the valve is directly related to the water pressure difference, valve shape and water delivery gallery cross-sectional shape. The test method aims to simulate the operating conditions of the valve of the water delivery gallery of the actual engineering water-saving ship lock by proportional scaling, and test which valve bottom edge can best help the valve to remain stable when working through water.

[0095] Test process: A valve bottom edge type constant water head test method, the method includes the following steps: Step 1, obtain a test device as in the above-mentioned embodiment, in which the material of the valve simulation component and each valve bottom edge component is consistent with the actual engineering material, the cross-sectional shape of the water conveyance corridor and the outer dimensions of the valve simulation component are proportionally scaled according to the actual engineering dimensions according to the principle of hydraulic test similarity (the size ratio can preferably be reduced by 1:50, that is, the model size is 1 / 50 of the prototype size, and the various data obtained during the experiment can be amplified according to the scale effect to restore the flow-induced vibration of the actual project), and the water pressure difference used in the test is scaled according to the maximum design water pressure difference working condition of the actual project to meet the water elastic similarity principle (the water elastic similarity principle scaling method is the prior art, specifically, the flow-induced vibration model test of hydraulic structures should meet the hydraulic condition similarity and structural dynamic similarity, that is, water elasticity similarity; wherein the hydraulic condition similarity should meet the "Model Test Procedure for Water Flow Pulsation Pressure and Flow-Induced Vibration of Hydraulic Structures SL / T 158-2020, structural dynamic similarity means that the building's geometric conditions, physical and mechanical properties, motion conditions and boundary conditions should be similar; these are all prior art and will not be described in detail here; Step 2, before the test starts, the valve simulation component is lifted out and the valve bottom edge component is installed by disassembling and assembling the hoist, and then the valve simulation component is lowered into the water delivery corridor and maintained at a certain opening to allow water to flow, the water delivery switch valve is opened, the flow control and energy dissipation device of the test water tank on the high water level side is opened, and the flow control and energy dissipation device of the test water tank on the low water level side is closed, and then the water pump is turned on to pump water, and the water flows through the water inlet pipe into the test water tank on the high water level side, and then into the test water tank on the low water level side through the water delivery corridor. When the required water level of the water tank on the low water level side is reached, the water delivery switch valve in the water delivery corridor is closed, and the water level of the test water tank on the high water level side continues to rise until the test requirements are met, the water delivery switch valve is closed, the valve simulation component is closed, and the water pump and the flow control and energy dissipation device are closed; the robotic arm is adjusted so that the laser transmitter and the pan-tilt camera are aimed at the positions on both sides of the valve simulation component to complete the test preparation; Step 3, during the test phase, open the switch valve of the water delivery corridor, and then use the hoist to simulate the valve opening process to lift the valve simulation component upward for testing. During this process, turn on the water pump and the flow control and energy dissipation devices of the two test water tanks, and adjust and control to keep the water pressure of the high water level side test water tank and the low water level side test water tank unchanged (the water pump replenishes water flow for the high water level side water tank, and the low water level side water tank releases excess water flow through the flow control and energy dissipation device to achieve water level balance), so that the water flow in the water delivery corridor flows from the high water level side to the low water level side and impacts the valve for testing; control the laser transmitter to illuminate the tracer particles in the water on both sides of the valve simulation component, and the high-speed camera is responsible for shooting the tracer particles in the water and transmitting the image to the computer; the pressure sensor and vibration acceleration sensor arranged at the same time transmit the data synchronously to the vibration analyzer, and then synchronize to the computer, the water level of the two water tanks remains unchanged, and the test data collection and recording is completed; Step 4, repeat step 2, disassemble and assemble the hoist, replace the valve bottom edge parts with different cross-section shapes for installation, and then repeat step 3 to complete the test data collection and recording until all the valve bottom edge parts have completed the test; based on the summary and analysis of the test data of all valve bottom edge parts, the valve bottom edge part corresponding to the test with the smallest vibration amplitude of the valve simulation part is the valve bottom edge part that best meets the actual project needs and the stability requirements.

[0096] Therefore, the above method can be combined with the actual engineering situation, simulate the fixed water level impact test according to the maximum water pressure difference, and observe under the condition of maximum water flow continuous impact, so as to make better selection and judgment. Finally, the best valve bottom edge type is selected, which significantly reduces valve vibration while meeting the water flow stability, providing a theoretical basis for subsequent valve design and application.

Claims

1. A test device for simulating flow-induced vibration of a ship lock valve, characterized in that: It includes a water circulation system, a flow-induced vibration test device and a synchronous measurement system. The water circulation system includes test water tanks located on the left and right sides. The bottom of the test water tank is connected to the opposite side and is connected to a water delivery gallery made of transparent material. The flow-induced vibration test device is arranged in the middle of the water delivery gallery. The water delivery gallery is also provided with a water delivery switch valve. An upward water inlet is arranged in the middle of the bottom surface of the test water tank and is connected to a water storage tank through a water inlet pipe. A water pump is arranged on the water inlet pipe connected to the test water tank on one side to form a high water level side test water tank. The flow-induced vibration test device includes a valve simulation component located in the middle of the water delivery gallery. The upper end of the valve simulation component is connected to a hoist installed above the middle of the water delivery gallery. The hoist is used to control the lifting and lowering of the valve simulation component to realize opening and closing. Acceleration sensors are distributed on the valve simulation component. The synchronous measurement system includes a vibration analyzer connected to the acceleration sensor, and the vibration analyzer is connected to a control computer.

2. The test device for simulating flow-induced vibration of a ship lock valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test water tank is suspended and supported and installed on a mounting frame.

3. The test device for simulating flow-induced vibration of a ship lock valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pressure sensors for water delivery galleries are installed on the inner top wall and inner bottom plate of the water delivery galleries on both sides of the valve simulation component. The pressure sensors for water delivery galleries are connected to the vibration analyzer and then connected to the control computer.

4. The test device for simulating flow-induced vibration of a ship lock valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the water delivery corridor has a rectangular cross-section, and the valve simulation component is a matching rectangular body structure.

5. The test device for simulating flow-induced vibration of a ship lock valve according to claim 4, characterized in that: The gate hoist comprises a rectangular gate hoist housing which is sealed and connected downwardly to the water delivery gallery. The lower end of the gate hoist housing is sealed and fixedly connected to the delivery gallery by a sealing ring and bolts. The inner cavity of the gate hoist housing is used to accommodate the valve simulation component upward. The upper end of the inner cavity of the gate hoist housing is provided with a downward telescopic cylinder which is connected to the valve simulation component.

6. The test device for simulating flow-induced vibration of a ship lock valve according to claim 5, characterized in that: The valve simulation component includes an internal beam grid composed of multiple vertical plates and horizontal plates connected in a criss-cross pattern, and also includes a rectangular box-shaped valve shell fixed to the outside of the beam grid. The acceleration sensor is located in the beam grid and fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the valve shell.

7. The test device for simulating flow-induced vibration of a ship lock valve according to claim 5, characterized in that: Both sides of the valve simulation part are matched in the gate grooves vertically arranged in the middle of both sides of the water delivery gallery, and rollers are installed on both sides of the valve simulation part to roll with the gate grooves; A mounting groove is provided in the middle of the bottom surface of the valve simulation component along the length direction of the bottom surface, and card grooves are provided on the side walls on both sides of the mounting groove and extend through the bottom surface in the length direction. The mounting groove also includes a group of valve bottom edge components with the same length and width as the valve simulation component, and card blocks that can be correspondingly inserted into the mounting groove and the card groove are provided on both sides of the upper end of each valve bottom edge component. The cross-section of the lower end of each valve bottom edge component has a different shape, and the shape of the lower end cross-section includes a rectangle, an equilateral triangle, a semicircle, or a right triangle.

8. The test device for simulating flow-induced vibration of a ship lock valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: A flow control and energy dissipation device is also provided at the water inlet in the middle of the bottom surface of the test water tank, and the flow control and energy dissipation device includes a shell body that is annular in shape as a whole, and the shell body has an inner shell and an outer shell that are coaxially arranged, and the inner shell is connected and arranged just above the water inlet, and an annular water collection cavity is formed between the inner shell and the outer shell, and a plurality of energy dissipation water outlet holes are evenly distributed on the outer shell, and an inlet is also provided on the inner shell, and a horizontally rotatable regulating plug is also fitted inside the inner shell, and a regulating screw is fixed vertically upward at the upper end of the regulating plug, and a horizontally arranged regulating nut is provided in the middle of the regulating screw with threaded fittings, and the regulating nut is limitedly installed in the shell body in the upper and lower directions, and an outer gear ring is provided on the outer surface of the regulating nut and is meshed and driven with a regulating gear, and the regulating gear is driven and connected with a water inlet motor; The middle part of the upper end of the shell body is located above the inner shell and protrudes upward to form a barrel-shaped shell cover. The regulating screw and the water inlet motor are installed in the shell cover. The top of the upper end of the shell cover also has an upwardly protruding screw accommodating portion, and a space for accommodating the screw is formed in the screw accommodating portion. A water pressure sensor is also installed on the upper end surface of the shell cover. The water pressure sensor is connected to the control computer, and the control computer is connected to the water inlet motor.

9. The test device for simulating flow-induced vibration of a ship lock valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synchronous measurement system also includes a laser transmitter and a pan-tilt camera arranged outside the flow-induced vibration test device and tracer particles distributed in the test water body. The laser transmitter and the pan-tilt camera are arranged facing the two sides of the valve simulation component, and the laser transmitter and the pan-tilt camera are respectively connected to the control computer; The laser transmitter is installed in a laser reflection cover arranged at a position facing the valve simulation component area. A sliding rod is horizontally arranged above the laser reflection cover. A sliding seat is horizontally slidably arranged on both sides of the sliding rod. A pan-tilt mounting hanger is hung downwardly on each sliding seat. The pan-tilt camera is installed in the pan-tilt mounting hanger. A mechanical arm is arranged on the outside of each flow-induced vibration test device, and the mechanical arm includes a base, on which a first arm is installed vertically upwards and horizontally rotatable, a telescopic arm is installed vertically rotatable on the upper end of the first arm, a second arm is installed vertically rotatable on the upper end of the telescopic arm, the second arm is arranged horizontally and the front end is arranged facing the valve simulation component area, and a laser transmitter is installed forward at the front end of each of the second arms of the two mechanical arms; The mechanical arm is installed on a working console, the control computer is arranged inside the working console, and a display screen and a control panel are arranged on the surface of the working console.

10. A valve bottom edge type constant water head test method, comprising the following steps: Step 1, obtaining a test device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the material of the valve simulation component and each valve bottom edge component in the test device is consistent with the actual engineering material, the cross-sectional shape of the water conveyance corridor and the outer dimensions of the valve simulation component are proportionally scaled according to the actual engineering dimensions based on the hydraulic test similarity principle, and the water pressure difference used in the test is scaled according to the actual engineering maximum design water pressure difference working condition to meet the water elasticity similarity principle; Step 2, before the test starts, the valve simulation component is lifted out and the valve bottom edge component is installed by disassembling and assembling the hoist, and then the valve simulation component is lowered into the water delivery corridor and maintained at a certain opening to allow water to flow, the water delivery switch valve is opened, the flow control and energy dissipation device of the test water tank on the high water level side is opened, and the flow control and energy dissipation device of the test water tank on the low water level side is closed, and then the water pump is turned on to pump water, and the water flows through the water inlet pipe into the test water tank on the high water level side, and then into the test water tank on the low water level side through the water delivery corridor. When the required water level of the water tank on the low water level side is reached, the water delivery switch valve in the water delivery corridor is closed, and the water level of the test water tank on the high water level side continues to rise until the test requirements are met, the water delivery switch valve is closed, the valve simulation component is closed, and the water pump and the flow control and energy dissipation device are closed; the robotic arm is adjusted so that the laser transmitter and the pan-tilt camera are aimed at the positions on both sides of the valve simulation component to complete the test preparation; Step 3, during the test phase, open the switch valve of the water delivery corridor, and then use the hoist to simulate the valve opening process to lift the valve simulation component upward for testing. During this process, turn on the water pump and the flow control and energy dissipation devices of the two test water tanks, adjust and control to keep the water pressure of the high water level side test water tank and the low water level side test water tank unchanged, so that the water flow in the water delivery corridor flows from the high water level side to the low water level side and impacts the valve for testing; control the laser transmitter to illuminate the tracer particles in the water on both sides of the valve simulation component, and the high-speed camera is responsible for photographing the tracer particles in the water and transmitting the image to the computer; the pressure sensor and vibration acceleration sensor arranged at the same time transmit the data synchronously to the vibration analyzer, and then synchronize to the computer, the water level of the two water tanks remains unchanged, and the test data collection and recording is completed; Step 4, repeat step 2, disassemble and assemble the hoist, replace the valve bottom edge parts with different cross-section shapes for installation, and then repeat step 3 to complete the test data collection and recording until all the valve bottom edge parts have completed the test; based on the summary and analysis of the test data of all valve bottom edge parts, the valve bottom edge part corresponding to the test with the smallest vibration amplitude of the valve simulation part is the valve bottom edge part that best meets the actual project needs and the stability requirements.

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