An adaptive wide-spectrum underwater light source system

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of underwater light sources, and relates to an adaptive wide-spectrum underwater light source system. An adaptive wide-spectrum underwater light source system comprises an FPGA unit, a sensor unit, an illumination matrix and a camera; the FPGA unit analyzes the image data captured by the camera and the environmental data acquired by the sensor unit in real time through a light source adjustment algorithm, and adjusts the brightness, color temperature and spectral output of the illumination matrix to optimize the image quality under different water quality and water depth conditions; wherein the light source adjustment algorithm adjusts the R\G\B light intensity output weight by calculating the color difference between the standard color card and the real-time image; and outputs the final PWM signal through a PID controller to adjust the illumination matrix. The system of the present invention combines advanced image processing technology and environmental monitoring technology, and adjusts the illumination in real time through an integrated control unit to optimize the image quality of underwater photography.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of underwater light sources and relates to an adaptive wide-spectrum underwater light source system. Background Art

[0002] Lighting is a core technical issue in underwater photography and exploration, especially in the ever-changing underwater environment. Current underwater lighting systems mainly use lights with fixed intensity and color temperature, which often cannot provide optimal lighting effects under changing underwater conditions. For example, highly turbid water will significantly scatter and absorb light, reducing the visible distance and affecting image quality.

[0003] In addition, the prior art discloses underwater LED lighting systems that use preset spectral outputs. Although these systems can provide adjustable light intensity to a certain extent, they lack the ability to adapt to environmental changes, such as automatically adjusting the light source to adapt to changes in water depth and turbidity.

[0004] The main problem with existing underwater lighting technology is its lack of flexibility and adaptability. Under different water conditions, the fixed spectral output cannot adapt to the differences in light propagation caused by changes in the physical and chemical properties of water, including but not limited to:

[0005] 1. Insufficient brightness and contrast: In deep water or highly turbid waters, traditional lighting systems fail to provide sufficient brightness or contrast, resulting in reduced quality of photography or video capture;

[0006] 2. Color distortion: Lack of effective color correction mechanism leads to increased color deviation under different water temperature and turbidity conditions;

[0007] 3. Low energy efficiency: When maximum brightness output is not required, power consumption cannot be reduced, resulting in energy waste. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that existing underwater lighting systems are insufficient in coping with the ever-changing underwater environment, especially the inability of these systems to automatically adjust the lighting to adapt to the visual effects caused by changes in water depth, water temperature and water quality conditions (especially turbidity).

[0009] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is to provide an adaptive wide-spectrum underwater light source system, including an FPGA unit, a sensor unit, an illumination matrix and a camera; the FPGA unit analyzes the image data captured by the camera and the environmental data acquired by the sensor unit in real time through a light source adjustment algorithm, and adjusts the brightness, color temperature and spectral output of the illumination matrix to optimize the image quality under different water quality and water depth conditions; wherein the light source adjustment algorithm adjusts the R\G\B light intensity output weight by calculating the color difference between the standard color card and the real-time image; and outputs the final PWM signal through a PID controller to adjust the illumination matrix.

[0010] Preferably, the light source adjustment algorithm specifically includes:

[0011] (1) Use the CIELAB color difference formula to calculate the color difference between the standard color card and the real-time image ;

[0012] (2) Use water turbidity to adjust the weight of red light output:

[0013] , is turbidity, is the constant of turbidity affecting red light output;

[0014] The weights of green and blue light output are adjusted using the ambient light intensity:

[0015] , is the ambient light intensity, is the inhibitory effect of ambient light intensity on green or blue light output;

[0016] (3) Using the color difference between the standard color card and the real-time image , calculate the PID control output, the calculation formula is:

[0017] ;

[0018] in, Color difference The time integral of Color difference The derivative of is the proportional gain, is the integral gain, is the differential gain; for the moment;

[0019] (4) Smooth the current color difference and update the color difference:

[0020] ;

[0021] ;

[0022] in, is the smoothing factor;

[0023] (5) Incorporate the weight value into the PID control formula, control the brightness of the light source to reduce the color difference, and obtain the new control output:

[0024] ;

[0025] in, , indicating different colors;

[0026] (6) Calculate the final PWM signal and adjust the brightness of the lighting matrix.

[0027] Preferably, the final PWM signal is calculated according to the new control output, specifically:

[0028] ;

[0029] ;

[0030] ;

[0031] in, , They are PWM signals of different colors respectively; is the change value of PWM signal per unit time; It is the maximum value of the PWM signal change per unit time.

[0032] Preferably, the lighting matrix comprises at least red, green, blue and white LEDs.

[0033] Preferably, the sensor unit comprises a water depth sensor, a temperature sensor, a turbidity sensor and a photoelectric detector.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] (1) Enhanced underwater image quality: The system can dynamically adjust the brightness and color configuration of LED lighting based on real-time analysis of environmental data and image quality. This means that under different water quality and depth conditions, the system can automatically optimize the lighting settings to improve the clarity and color accuracy of captured images, significantly better than traditional fixed-setting lighting systems;

[0036] (2) Improve energy efficiency and durability: By intelligently adjusting the output of LED light sources and increasing or decreasing lighting intensity according to actual needs, the system can effectively reduce energy consumption and extend the service life of lighting equipment. Compared with traditional underwater lighting systems, this adaptive lighting solution can reduce energy consumption while ensuring image quality, meeting modern environmental protection and energy conservation requirements.

[0037] (3) Enhanced adaptability to underwater environments: The system can cope with changing underwater environments by comprehensively utilizing data from multiple sensors. Whether in turbid lake water or clear sea water, the system can automatically adjust the light source to adapt to environmental changes. This adaptive capability significantly improves the flexibility and efficiency of underwater operations, especially when conducting scientific research or professional photography.

[0038] (4) Ease of operation: Users do not need to manually adjust lighting settings. The system automatically adjusts according to preset algorithms, which reduces the burden on operators and makes underwater operations easier and safer. This is especially important for underwater activities that require long periods of time or frequent changes in lighting conditions.

[0039] (5) Increased data collection and analysis capabilities: By collecting and analyzing environmental and image data, the system not only optimizes the lighting effect, but also provides users with valuable information about the underwater environment. This data can be used for further scientific research or environmental monitoring, increasing the added value of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a module of an adaptive wide-spectrum underwater light source system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a multi-color LED lighting matrix provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 The present invention provides an algorithm principle flow chart of an adaptive wide-spectrum underwater light source system in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. More details are set forth in the following description to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention is obviously capable of being implemented in a variety of other ways different from the description herein. For those skilled in the art, any substitution, improvement or change made to the embodiments of the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should not be limited by the content of this specific embodiment.

[0044] The present invention provides an adaptive wide spectrum underwater light source system, such as Figure 1As shown, the system includes an FPGA unit, a sensor unit, a lighting matrix and a camera.

[0045] The FPGA unit is a Raspberry Pi control board. As the core of the system, it not only serves as a processing unit, but also coordinates data exchange and command execution of various components, executes image processing algorithms, receives and processes data from various sensors, and controls the output of LED lighting. The FPGA unit connects to a variety of devices through its rich I / O interfaces, including a high-resolution OV5640 camera, a sensor unit composed of multiple environmental sensors, and a lighting matrix composed of multi-color LEDs.

[0046] The OV5640 camera is directly connected to the FPGA unit via the CSI interface, providing high-resolution video and still image capture capabilities. The camera is used to monitor the underwater environment in real time and capture image data for subsequent processing. Figure 2 As shown, the lighting matrix includes white LED 101, red LED 102, blue LED 103, and green LED 104. Each group of LEDs is controlled by PWM to adjust the brightness. They are connected to multiple GPIO pins of the FPGA unit. Each color of LED can be independently adjusted according to the data obtained from the camera and sensor to compensate for underwater color distortion and improve image visibility. The sensor unit includes a water depth sensor (MS5837-30BA), a temperature sensor (DS18B20), a turbidity sensor (TSW-30), and a photodetector, which are connected to the FPGA unit through I²C, 1-Wire, and ADC interfaces to collect key information about the underwater environment.

[0047] In the present invention, the light source adjustment algorithm built into the FPGA unit is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the specific implementation process is as follows:

[0048] 1. Color difference calculation

[0049] Assume that the CIELAB value of the standard color card is , , , the CIELAB value of the real-time image is , , , then the color difference Defined as:

[0050] ;

[0051] in, , Indicates brightness; and , and is the chromaticity coordinate. This formula calculates the color difference between the standard color card and the real-time image, reflecting the accuracy of color matching. This formula can be used to calculate the color difference of red light, blue light, and green light.

[0052] 2. Weight adjustment

[0053] (1) Turbidity weight adjustment: Assume that the turbidity of the water body is , and its weight adjustment for red light output is defined as:

[0054] ;

[0055] in, is the constant of turbidity affecting red light output. This formula reflects the compensation of turbidity on red light output. The higher the turbidity, the higher the red light output to overcome the attenuation.

[0056] (2) Ambient light intensity weight adjustment: Assume that the ambient light intensity is, and its weight adjustment for green light or blue light output is defined as:

[0057] ;

[0058] in, It is the inhibitory effect of ambient light intensity on the output of green light or blue light. The stronger the ambient light, the lower the output brightness.

[0059] 3. PID control

[0060] (1) Output of PID controller Defined as:

[0061] ;

[0062] in, Color difference The time integral of Color difference The derivative of is the proportional gain, is the integral gain, is the differential gain; For the moment.

[0063] (2) Smoothing of current color difference:

[0064] ;

[0065] in, is the smoothing factor, usually taken as .

[0066] (3) Update historical color difference:

[0067] .

[0068] (4) Adjust the output according to the proportion, integration and differentiation, incorporate the weight value into the PID control formula, control the brightness of the light source to reduce the color difference, and obtain the new control output:

[0069] ;

[0070] ;

[0071] ;

[0072] in, , , They are the PID control outputs for red light, green light and blue light respectively; , , Smoothly updated color differences for red, green, and blue light, respectively.

[0073] (5) Calculate the final Output

[0074] The new control output for each color channel is combined with limiting the variation of the PWM signal to ensure smooth adjustment and is calculated as:

[0075] ;

[0076] ;

[0077] ;

[0078] ;

[0079] ;

[0080] ;

[0081] in, , , They are PWM signals for red light, green light, and blue light respectively; , , are the PWM signal change values ​​per unit time for red light, green light, and blue light respectively; It is the maximum value of the PWM signal change per unit time.

[0082] Adjust the white LED according to the ambient light intensity Signal:

[0083] .

[0084] The present invention provides an adaptive underwater lighting system, which combines advanced image processing technology and environmental monitoring technology, and adjusts the lighting in real time through an integrated control unit to optimize the image quality of underwater photography. The system is particularly suitable for high-quality photography in a changeable underwater environment, such as scientific research exploration, professional photography or underwater environment monitoring.

Claims

1. An adaptive wide spectrum underwater light source system, characterized in that: The system comprises an FPGA unit, a sensor unit, an illumination matrix and a camera; the FPGA unit analyzes the image data captured by the camera and the environmental data acquired by the sensor unit in real time through a light source adjustment algorithm, and adjusts the brightness, color temperature and spectral output of the illumination matrix to optimize the image quality under different water quality and water depth conditions; wherein the light source adjustment algorithm calculates the color difference between the standard color card and the real-time image; adjusts the R\G\B light intensity output weight; and outputs the final PWM signal through a PID controller to adjust the illumination matrix; the light source adjustment algorithm specifically comprises: (1) Use the CIELAB color difference formula to calculate the color difference between the standard color card and the real-time image ; (2) Use water turbidity to adjust the weight of red light output: , is turbidity, is the constant of turbidity affecting red light output; the weights of green and blue light output are adjusted using the ambient light intensity: , is the ambient light intensity, is the inhibitory effect of ambient light intensity on green or blue light output; (3) Using the color difference between the standard color card and the real-time image , calculate the PID control output, the calculation formula is: ； in, Color difference The time integral of Color difference The derivative of is the proportional gain, is the integral gain, is the differential gain; t Indicates the moment; (4) Smooth the current color difference and update the historical color difference: ； ； in, is the smoothing factor; (5) Incorporate the weight value into the PID control formula, control the brightness of the light source to reduce the color difference, and obtain the new control output: ； ； ； in, , , They are the PID control outputs for red light, green light and blue light respectively; (6) Calculate the final PWM signal and adjust the brightness of the lighting matrix.

2. The adaptive wide spectrum underwater light source system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lighting matrix contains at least red, green, blue and white LEDs.

3. The adaptive wide spectrum underwater light source system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The sensor unit comprises a water depth sensor, a temperature sensor, a turbidity sensor and a photoelectric detector.

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