High-yield cultivation method for potherb

Abstract

The high-yield cultivation method comprises the following steps that sowing and seedling raising are carried out on a land parcel with good drainage and irrigation conditions, seeds of the kenaf germinate for three days and grow slowly in the seedling stage, when the seedlings reach 25-30 cm, thinning and ridging can be carried out on the kenaf in 2-3 times, finally, final singling is carried out on 90000-1200000 plants / hm < 2 >, and the seedlings are planted in a high-yield mode. During sowing, base fertilizer is applied with an organic fertilizer of 3000-6000 kg / hm < 2 > and a compound fertilizer of 150 kg / hm < 2 >, topdressing is properly carried out in the seedling stage according to the seedling condition, in the vigorous growth stage from June to July, nitrogenous fertilizer is mainly applied, phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is used as an auxiliary fertilizer, potherb vegetables are harvested once every 7-10 days after topping, after each time of harvesting, compound fertilizer of 150-225 kg / hm < 2 > and urea of 75-150 kg / hm < 2 > are properly applied once, lateral bud germination and branch growth are promoted, and soil is kept moist. The invention provides a scientific and efficient cultivation method for high-calcium potherb vegetable, which not only improves the yield and quality of crops, but also gives consideration to both economic benefit and environmental protection, and has important application value and social significance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a high-yield cultivation method of wild hemp. Background Art

[0002] Wild hemp varieties are high in calcium, carotene, vitamin B1-2, high in dietary fiber and other trace elements and 17 kinds of amino acids required by the human body. They are nutritionally balanced and are a kind of health-care functional vegetable. The main food is the stems and young leaves. The stems are crisp, the young leaves are soft, smooth, fragrant and have a unique flavor. They have an excellent taste. Regular consumption can not only supplement calcium, selenium and trace elements, but also strengthen the spleen and stomach, moisten the intestines and promote bowel movements, and reduce blood. However, due to its small seeds, unstable germination rate, and sensitivity to environmental conditions, traditional cultivation methods often lead to unstable yields and frequent occurrence of diseases and pests, which affects the commercial cultivation of this crop.

[0003] In recent years, wild hemp has gradually been recognized and favored by people, and it has been introduced and developed. However, due to the lack of a scientific and reasonable cultivation technology system, its production scale is limited. The traditional cultivation methods mainly include the following aspects:

[0004] Site selection: Most of them choose plots with fertile soil and good drainage, but there is a lack of quantitative standards for specific indicators such as soil type and pH value;

[0005] Sowing: Direct seeding is mostly used in the south, while seedlings are transplanted in the north. However, parameters such as sowing depth and sowing amount are not accurate enough, which affects the emergence rate.

[0006] Seedling management: including thinning, intertillage and weeding, but due to the lack of effective herbicide use guidelines, weed control is poor, affecting plant growth;

[0007] The amount of fertilizer, timing of fertilizer application and irrigation method are rather random and cannot meet the nutritional needs of high-calcium wild hemp at different growth stages.

[0008] Relying too much on chemical pesticides to prevent pests not only increases the risk of residues, but may also lead to the destruction of ecological balance;

[0009] In view of the existence of the above problems, it is urgent to develop a set of scientific and reasonable high-calcium wild hemp cultivation techniques to increase yield, improve quality and achieve sustainable development. Summary of the invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-yield cultivation method of wild hemp, and the present invention is mainly to solve the problem of unstable yield in the existing wild hemp planting method.

[0011] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is a high-yield cultivation method of wild hemp, comprising the following steps:

[0012] S1. Sowing and raising seedlings on land with good drainage and irrigation conditions;

[0013] S2. In late April, direct seeding can be used in southern China. Cover the soil with a thickness of about 1 cm after sowing. If the soil is dry during sowing, water the bottom of the plant in time to ensure uniform emergence of seedlings. In the north, if the temperature is below 15°C, seedlings can be raised in an arch shed for transplanting. When the seedlings grow to 4 leaves, they can be transplanted. Water the roots when transplanting.

[0014] S3. Wild hemp seeds germinate in 3 days, and the seedlings grow slowly. When the seedlings are 25-30 cm high, thinning and soiling can be carried out for 2-3 times. The final number of seedlings is 90,000-120,000 plants / hm2.

[0015] S4. Apply 3000-6000kg / hm2 of organic fertilizer and 150kg / hm2 of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer during sowing. Apply appropriate topdressing according to the seedling condition during the seedling stage. During the vigorous growth period from June to July, apply nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer, supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Harvest wild hemp once every 7-10 days after topping. Apply appropriate topdressing of compound fertilizer 150-225kg / hm2 and urea 75-150kg / hm2 after each harvest to promote lateral bud germination and branch growth, and keep the soil moist.

[0016] S5. If there are any damages in the field during the harvest period, spray biocides for prevention and control;

[0017] S6. When the seedlings are 60-80cm tall, you can top and harvest the tender stems and leaves. When the branches grow to 20-30cm, you can harvest them for the second time. Thereafter, harvest them every 7-10 days.

[0018] Preferably, the amount of direct-seeded seeds used in step S2 is 3750 g / hm2.

[0019] Preferably, in step S3, herbicides are sprayed 7 to 10 days before sowing, and herbicides cannot be sprayed after sowing. During the growth period of wild hemp, inter-row cultivation and weeding are carried out in combination with topdressing to keep the soil loose and promote plant growth.

[0020] Preferably, in step S4, if transplanting, apply phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer once after 7 days of planting, with an amount of 225-300 kg / hm2.

[0021] Preferably, the harvesting time in step S6 is before 9:30 or after 16:30 every day to prevent excessive evaporation of water, which would cause the wild hemp to wilt.

[0022] Preferably, the wild hemp harvested in step S6 is sprayed with water to keep it moist, and then packed and loaded for transportation. The wild hemp can generally be kept for 2 to 3 days in a water-containing state.

[0023] Preferably, when producing on a large scale, the harvested wild hemp can be watered on the spot for clean vegetable packaging. If it is too late to transport it, it needs to be sent to a cold storage for short-term preservation to keep the wild hemp in a fresh state.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] It has the effects of promoting blood circulation, activating meridians, removing wind and dampness, removing blood stasis and relieving pain, reducing swelling and cold, resisting inflammation and removing arthritis, unblocking blockages, promoting the flow of qi and blood, relaxing muscles and relieving spasms, and strengthening tendons and bones;

[0026] Beneficial effects:

[0027] The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method of wild hemp, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] Improve germination rate and uniformity: By controlling the sowing depth and watering in time after sowing, the germination rate can be significantly improved, and the seedlings can be ensured to grow uniformly, laying a good foundation for subsequent growth.

[0029] Optimize seedling management: Through scientific thinning and intertillage weeding measures, the competitive pressure of weeds is reduced, the healthy growth of seedlings is promoted, and the final seedling density is increased to reach the ideal density of 90,000 to 120,000 plants per hectare.

[0030] Effectively control pests and diseases: Using biological control methods instead of chemical pesticides reduces pesticide residues and the risk of environmental pollution. At the same time, it improves the disease resistance of crops and reduces the frequency of pests and diseases.

[0031] Precise water and fertilizer management: Through precise fertilization and timely irrigation, we can not only meet the nutritional needs of crops at different growth stages, but also avoid resource waste and soil pollution caused by excessive fertilization, thus achieving efficient use of water and fertilizer resources.

[0032] Improve yield and quality: The method of the present invention can significantly improve the yield of high-calcium wild hemp, while ensuring the quality of the product, making the harvested wild hemp fresh, delicious, and rich in nutrition to meet market demand.

[0033] Easy to harvest and preserve: The optimal harvesting time and method are specified to avoid product quality degradation due to excessive evaporation of water. The freshness period of wild hemp is extended through water spraying to retain moisture and refrigeration to preserve the freshness, which is conducive to long-distance transportation and sales.

[0034] Achieving sustainable development: The method of the present invention focuses on environmental protection, reduces the use of chemical substances, promotes ecological balance, and helps achieve sustainable development of agricultural production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0036] Example:

[0037] 1.1 Select planting land:

[0038] Sow or raise seedlings in plots with good drainage and irrigation conditions.

[0039] 1.2 Planting and raising seedlings:

[0040] In late April, direct seeding can be used in southern regions, and the soil should be covered with soil about 1 cm thick after sowing. If the soil is dry during sowing, water the soil in time to ensure uniform emergence of seedlings. The general amount of direct seeding is 3750g / hm2; if the temperature in the north is below 15°C, seedlings can be raised in an arch shed and transplanted. When the seedlings grow to 4 leaves, they can be transplanted. Water the roots when transplanting. It is recommended to plant 90,000 to 120,000 plants / hm2.

[0041] 1.3 Thinning and weeding:

[0042] The seeds of wild hemp sprout in about 3 days, and the growth is slow in the seedling stage. When the seedlings are up to 25-30cm, the wild hemp can be thinned and soiled 2-3 times. The final seedling population is 90,000-120,000 plants / hm2. Wild hemp is very sensitive to herbicides. It is recommended to spray pre-emergence herbicides 7-10 days before sowing, and do not spray pre-emergence herbicides after sowing. During the growth period of wild hemp, inter-row cultivation and weeding should be combined with topdressing to keep the soil loose and promote plant growth.

[0043] 1.4 Water and fertilizer management:

[0044] At the time of sowing, 3000-6000kg / hm2 of organic fertilizer and 150kg / hm2 of compound fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer; during the seedling stage, appropriate topdressing is applied according to the seedling condition; during the vigorous growth period from June to July, the vegetable wild hemp enters the vigorous growth period and the growth rate is relatively fast. During this period, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied, and certain phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used: if transplanted, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers are applied once after 7 days of planting, and the amount is 225-300kg / hm2. Wild hemp is harvested once every 7-10 days after topping. After each harvest, appropriate topdressing is applied once with compound fertilizer of 150-225kg / hm2 and urea of ​​75-150kg / hm2 to promote the germination of lateral buds and the growth of branches, and keep the soil moist.

[0045] 1.5 Pest and disease control:

[0046] Wild hemp varieties are more resistant to diseases and pests, and there are relatively few diseases and pests during the entire growth process. Occasionally, some pests may occur in the fields during the harvest period, which can be controlled by spraying biological pesticides.

[0047] 1.6 Harvesting and preservation:

[0048] When the seedlings are 60-80cm tall, the tender stems and leaves can be topped and harvested once. When the branches grow to 20-30cm, the second harvest can be carried out. After that, the harvest can be carried out every 7-10 days. The harvesting time is before 9:30 or after 16:30 every day. It is necessary to prevent excessive evaporation of water, which will cause the wild hemp to wilt. The harvested wild hemp should be sprayed with water to keep it moist, and then packed and loaded for transportation. The wild hemp can generally be kept for 2-3 days in a watery state. In large-scale production, the harvested wild hemp can be watered on the spot for clean vegetable packaging. If it is too late to transport it, it needs to be sent to a cold storage for short-term preservation to keep the wild hemp fresh.

[0049] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with the technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and they cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation method of wild hemp, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Sowing and raising seedlings on land with good drainage and irrigation conditions; S2. In late April, direct seeding can be used in southern China. Cover the soil with a thickness of about 1 cm after sowing. If the soil is dry during sowing, water the bottom of the plant in time to ensure uniform emergence of seedlings. In the north, if the temperature is below 15°C, seedlings can be raised in an arch shed for transplanting. When the seedlings grow to 4 leaves, they can be transplanted. Water the roots when transplanting. S3. Wild hemp seeds germinate in 3 days, and the seedlings grow slowly. When the seedlings are 25-30 cm high, thinning and soiling can be carried out for 2-3 times. The final number of seedlings is 90,000-120,000 plants / hm2. S4. Apply 3000-6000kg / hm2 of organic fertilizer and 150kg / hm2 of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer during sowing. Apply appropriate topdressing according to the seedling condition during the seedling stage. During the vigorous growth period from June to July, apply nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer, supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Harvest wild hemp once every 7-10 days after topping. Apply appropriate topdressing of compound fertilizer 150-225kg / hm2 and urea 75-150kg / hm2 after each harvest to promote lateral bud germination and branch growth, and keep the soil moist. S5. If there are any damages in the field during the harvest period, spray biocides for prevention and control; S6. When the seedlings are 60-80cm tall, you can top and harvest the tender stems and leaves. When the branches grow to 20-30cm, you can harvest them for the second time. Thereafter, harvest them every 7-10 days.

2. The high-yield cultivation method of wild hemp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of direct seeding seeds used in step S2 is 3750g / hm2.

3. The high-yield cultivation method of wild hemp according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, herbicides are sprayed 7 to 10 days before sowing, and herbicides cannot be sprayed after sowing. During the growth period of wild hemp, inter-row cultivation and weeding are carried out in combination with topdressing to keep the soil loose and promote plant growth.

4. The high-yield cultivation method of wild hemp according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S4, if transplanting, apply phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer once after 7 days of planting, with an amount of 225-300 kg / hm2.

5. The high-yield cultivation method of wild hemp according to claim 3, characterized in that: The harvesting time in step S6 is before 9:30 or after 16:30 every day to prevent excessive evaporation of water, which would cause the wild hemp to wilt.

6. The high-yield cultivation method of wild hemp according to claim 5, characterized in that: The wild hemp harvested in step S6 is sprayed with water to keep it moist, and then packed and loaded for transportation. The wild hemp can generally be kept for 2 to 3 days in a water-containing state.

7. The high-yield cultivation method of wild hemp according to claim 6, characterized in that: During large-scale production, the harvested wild hemp can be watered on the spot and packaged as clean vegetables. If there is no time for transportation, it needs to be sent to a cold storage for short-term preservation to keep the wild hemp fresh.