Method for enhancing characteristic signals by synthesizing complex frequency waves

Abstract

There is provided a method of enhancing a feature signal by synthesizing a complex frequency wave, comprising: obtaining a real frequency response based on a measurement of a spectroscopic signal; selecting a complex frequency so that the complex frequency can at least partially compensate spectral line broadening caused by loss; a complex frequency response is obtained based on a plurality of real frequency responses and the complex frequency to enhance the feature signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of signal detection, and in particular to a method for enhancing characteristic signals by synthesizing complex frequency waves. Background Art

[0002] Sensors enable early disease diagnosis, personalized medicine, and rapid detection of toxic substances, playing a vital role in environmental monitoring, food safety, and public health. However, the effective detection of samples with extremely low concentrations of biomolecules remains a major challenge. Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) based on plasmonic nanostructures, especially graphene plasmons, has become an effective method to improve the sensitivity of biosensors. Although SEIRA based on graphene plasmons has advantages such as ultrahigh sensitivity and active tunability. However, the inherent molecular damping reduces the interaction between vibrational modes and plasmons. As a result, at lower concentrations, the spectrum of plasmon-enhanced molecular signals becomes weaker and broader, and is eventually masked by noise.

[0003] To compensate for molecular damping, one approach is to add optical gain materials. But it requires a complex setup and may not be compatible with the detection system. In addition, gain materials often introduce instabilities and additional noise. Therefore, a simple and effective method to compensate for molecular damping is needed to enhance molecular detection. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on the above problems of the prior art, the present invention proposes a method for enhancing characteristic signals by synthesizing complex frequency waves, comprising:

[0005] Obtaining real frequency response based on the measurement results of the spectral signal;

[0006] The complex frequency is selected so as to at least partially compensate for the line broadening caused by the losses;

[0007] A complex frequency response is obtained based on the plurality of real frequency responses and the complex frequency to enhance a characteristic signal.

[0008] In one embodiment, the step of obtaining a complex frequency response based on a plurality of real frequency responses and the complex frequency to enhance the characteristic signal comprises calculating the complex frequency response by the following formula:

[0009]

[0010] Among them, F(ω n ) is the real frequency response; is the complex frequency response; ω n is the frequency of the measurement result of the spectral signal, and n is a positive integer; is the complex frequency; t0 is the time; Δω is the frequency ω n The interval frequency.

[0011] In one embodiment, the measurement of the spectroscopic signal is a measurement based on optical detection of molecules and the complex frequency is selected to at least partially compensate for losses due to molecular damping vibrations of the molecular layer.

[0012] In one embodiment, the real frequency response tends to zero as the frequency tends to infinity.

[0013] In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

[0014] Before obtaining the real frequency response based on the measurement result of the spectral signal, constructing the real frequency response so that the real frequency response tends to 0 when the frequency tends to infinity;

[0015] In obtaining a complex frequency response based on a plurality of real frequency responses and the complex frequency to enhance the characteristic signal, it further includes obtaining an intermediate complex frequency response based on the plurality of real frequency responses, and obtaining a complex frequency response based on the intermediate complex frequency response.

[0016] In one embodiment, the complex frequency response is the extinction The real frequency response is the intermediate physical quantity P(ω),

[0017]

[0018]

[0019] Among them, t M (ω) is the transmission coefficient, is the intermediate complex frequency response.

[0020] In one embodiment, the complex frequency ω is the current frequency, τ is the attenuation coefficient, and τ is greater than zero and is selected so that the dielectric constant of the molecular layer is a pure real value.

[0021] In one embodiment, the real frequency response includes amplitude information and phase information.

[0022] In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

[0023] The phase information is calculated based on the amplitude information through the Cramer-Kronym relationship.

[0024] In one embodiment, the length of time t0 enables the complex frequency response to enter a complex frequency quasi-steady state.

[0025] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which contains a computer program, and the computer program can be executed by a processor to implement the steps of the above method.

[0026] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising:

[0027] one or more processors; and

[0028] A memory for storing one or more executable instructions;

[0029] The one or more processors are configured to implement the steps of the above method by executing the one or more executable instructions.

[0030] The method of enhancing characteristic signals by synthesizing complex frequency waves of the present invention can be applied to any field to enhance the characteristic signals of spectral signals. The method of enhancing molecular detection by synthesizing complex frequency waves of the present invention synthesizes complex frequency waves by coherently combining multiple real frequency waves, which can reduce molecular damping and significantly enhance molecular signals at extremely low concentrations. Experiments have shown that synthetic complex frequency waves can amplify molecular signals by up to 15 times at low concentrations, thereby improving the sensitivity of various biosensors and realizing quantitative detection of biological molecules. The method of enhancing molecular detection by synthesizing complex frequency waves of the present invention is highly scalable, can promote the study of light-matter interactions, and has potential applications in the fields of spectroscopy, sensing, metasurfaces, and optoelectronics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 The extinction spectra of the molecular layer at real and complex frequencies are shown.

[0032] Figure 2 A flow chart of a method for enhancing molecular detection by synthesizing complex frequency waves according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0033] Figure 3 A flow chart of a method for enhancing molecular detection by synthesizing complex frequency waves according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0034] Figure 4A The simulation results of the extinction spectrum of the molecular layer based graphene sensor in the first example are shown.

[0035] Figure 4B The simulation results of the extinction spectrum of the molecular layer based graphene sensor under the complex frequency wave calculated by P(ω) in the first example are shown.

[0036] Figure 4C In the first example, the transmission coefficient t M (ω) Simulation results of the calculated extinction spectrum of the molecular layer based graphene sensor under complex frequency waves.

[0037] Figure 5A The simulation results of the extinction spectrum of the molecular layer based graphene sensor in the second example are shown.

[0038] Figure 5B The simulation results of the extinction spectrum of the molecular layer based graphene sensor under the complex frequency wave calculated by P(ω) in the second example are shown.

[0039] Figure 5C In the second example, the transmission coefficient t M (ω) Simulation results of the calculated extinction spectrum of the molecular layer based graphene sensor under complex frequency waves.

[0040] Figure 6 Experimental results of extinction spectra of molecular layers based graphene sensors are shown.

[0041] Figure 7 A flow chart of a method for enhancing a characteristic signal by synthesizing a complex frequency wave according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments given in the present invention are only for illustration and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] When light passes through a medium, due to its different frequency components, the wave components of different frequencies take different routes. This phenomenon is called dispersion. The classical dispersion theory is a combination of Lorentz's classical electron theory and wave optics theory, which studies the dispersion characteristics of light waves when they interact with matter. It regards the inside of the medium as an electron and an "atomic core" that vibrate with damping by linear elastic force, similar to an oscillating dipole. This oscillating system absorbs or emits electromagnetic waves according to the natural frequency.

[0044] Without loss of generality, the Drude-Lorentz dispersion model is used to model the molecular layer.

[0045]

[0046] Where ε(ω) is the dielectric constant of the molecular layer at the incident light frequency ω, which is usually a complex number. Generally, its imaginary part represents the loss caused by the damped vibration of the molecules, and the real part represents the refractive index. m is the number of resonance modes of the molecular layer, which is a positive integer. ω m is the resonance frequency of the molecular layer in different resonance modes. m is the damping rate of the molecular layer in different resonance modes. pm is the plasmon frequency of the molecular layer in different resonance modes.

[0047] For simplicity, we assume that the molecular layer has two vibration modes (i.e., m = 2) and that the plasmon frequency ω p1 =ω p2 =128cm -1 , damping rate γ1=γ2=γ M =60cm -1 , and the resonance frequency ω1 = 1553 cm -1 ,ω2=1666cm -1 The extinction spectrum of the molecular layer was obtained using finite element (FEM) simulation, such as Figure 1 As shown in curve 1 in the figure, it shows the extinction spectrum of the molecular layer at the real frequency. Obviously, the key to making the resonance peak more obvious is to reduce the damping rate γ M If the real frequency ω in equation (1) is replaced by the complex frequency Then the dielectric constant of the molecular layer becomes a pure real value, that is, This indicates that a complex-frequency wave (CFW) with appropriate time decay can fully compensate for the damping of molecular vibration modes, that is, it can compensate for the losses caused by the damped molecular vibrations.

[0048] The ideal complex frequency wave diverges when time approaches negative infinity. Since it is very difficult to generate complex frequency waves directly, a new method is used to synthesize truncated complex frequency waves, which is expressed as The complex frequency is the attenuation coefficient, representing the attenuation speed; ω is the current frequency; E T (t0) is the intensity of the truncated complex frequency wave; E0 is the initial intensity of the truncated complex frequency wave (i.e., time t0=0); θ(t0) is the time truncation function to avoid energy divergence, where for time t0≥0, θ(t0)=1, and for time t0<0, θ(t0)=0.

[0049] Based on Fourier transform, E T (t0) can be expanded as the integral of the real frequency components: in are the Fourier coefficients. Naturally, any response in a system excited by a truncated complex frequency wave (such as the transmitted field, etc.) can be expressed as the integral of the real frequency response in the quasi-steady state In fact, for a sufficiently wide spectral range, the above integral can be discretized as:

[0050]

[0051] in, is the complex frequency response, which can be any physical quantity that responds linearly to the incident light, such as the transmitted field, reflected field, extinction, etc. n is the frequency of the incident light on the molecular layer, i.e., the frequency of the measurement result based on the optical detection of molecules, F(ω n ) is the real frequency ω n The real frequency response obtained from the measurement results based on optical molecular detection under the condition of , which includes amplitude and phase information, can be expressed as A is the amplitude, Where n is a positive integer, it can be based on multiple real frequencies ω n Measurement and / or calculation results of optical molecular detection under n ) to calculate F(ω n ) can be obtained by measurement or calculation. n The intervals are equal, and the intervals are Δω. Preferably, the time t0 needs to be long enough so that the complex frequency wave can enter the complex frequency quasi-steady state, so that the peak width of the final waveform is relatively narrow.

[0052] Complex frequency The attenuation coefficient τ is selected to at least partially offset or compensate for the loss caused by the molecular damping vibration of the molecular layer; preferably, the attenuation coefficient τ is selected to make the dielectric constant of the molecular layer a pure real value. n ) is preferably a physical quantity that tends to 0 when the frequency tends to infinity. Such a physical quantity can reduce the error when the number of discrete frequencies is finite.

[0053] Based on the above content, the present invention provides a method for enhancing molecular detection by synthesizing complex frequency waves, which can be used in any system that performs molecular detection based on optical methods, including but not limited to different optical frequency bands, different optical sensors, and different spectral types, wherein the measurement light hits the sample molecules, and the corresponding physical quantities, such as extinction, absorption, etc., are calculated by measuring their transmitted light or reflected light.

[0054] Figure 2 A flow chart of a method for enhancing molecular detection by synthesizing complex frequency waves according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, the method comprising:

[0055] Step S201: obtaining a real frequency response based on the measurement result of optical molecular detection.

[0056] The measurement result of optical molecular detection is the optical measurement result after light passes through the molecular layer, which can be, for example, the intensity and / or phase of the reflected light and the transmitted light after the light passes through the molecular layer, or spectral information. The real frequency response includes amplitude information and phase information.

[0057] Therein, a plurality of real frequency responses are obtained based on the measurement results of optical molecular detection at a plurality of incident light frequencies within a period of time.

[0058] Step S202: Selecting a complex frequency so that it can at least partially offset or compensate for the loss caused by the molecular damping vibration of the molecular layer.

[0059] Step S203: obtaining a complex frequency response based on a plurality of real frequency responses and the complex frequency.

[0060] In one embodiment, the complex frequency response may be calculated based on the above formula (2). In another embodiment, the complex frequency response may be calculated based on an integral formula, which may be, for example, The lower limit of integration a is less than the complex frequency The real part of the integral, the upper limit b is greater than the complex frequency The real part of . It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above formula (2) and the above integral formula can be modified or altered to achieve the effect of offsetting or compensating the loss, so the above modifications or alterations all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. In other words, any method of obtaining a complex frequency response based on a combination of multiple real frequency responses is within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0061] Next, we will calculate one of the complex frequency responses, namely, extinction Take the above method of enhancing molecular detection by synthesizing complex frequency waves as an example to further illustrate.

[0062] Extinction is expressed as I(ω)=1-|t M | 2 , where the transmission coefficient t M =t / t s ,t,t s are the transmission coefficients through the substrate with and without the molecular layer, respectively, which are complex numbers and can be obtained by measurement. In theory, the measurement results t, t can be obtained based on the optical molecular detection in step S201. s Get the real frequency response t M (ω n ), then through the above step S202 based on multiple real frequency responses t M (ω n ) to obtain the complex frequency response Finally, the extinction at complex frequency is calculated

[0063] However, due to the real frequency response t M (ω n) tends to 1 when the frequency tends to infinity, the final error is large, and the enhancement effect of molecular detection is not obvious. Therefore, an intermediate physical quantity is needed, through which the transmission coefficient t M (ω n ), and this intermediate physical quantity tends to 0 when the frequency tends to infinity.

[0064] For thin layer systems, t M It can be approximated as,

[0065]

[0066] Among them, the intermediate physical quantity n s is the refractive index of the substrate, d is the molecular layer thickness, χ e (ω) is the effective electric susceptibility, and c is the speed of light. Considering the difficulty of phase measurement in practical applications, the phase information can be calculated based on the amplitude information through the Kramers-Kronig relationship. That is, the amplitude of the transmission coefficient |t M |Calculate its phase arg(t M ). Through the Kramers-Kronig relationship, we get:

[0067]

[0068] in is the Cauchy principal value integral, is the field of real numbers.

[0069] Using equation (3), the transmission coefficient t M Derive P(ω):

[0070]

[0071] It should be noted that, similar to equation (2), equation (4) can also be discretized in actual calculations. P(ω) tends to 0 when the frequency tends to infinity. Therefore, the extinction of the complex frequency wave The response can be calculated from P(ω) To obtain,

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] Accordingly, by setting To prove the enhancement effect of complex frequency waves. Figure 1 , Figure 1Curve 2 in FIG. 1 shows the extinction spectrum of the molecular layer at the complex frequency. Compared with the original signal I(ω) shown in Curve 1, the complex frequency response shown in Curve 2 is The resonance peak is significantly narrowed, which means that the synthetic complex frequency wave can directly enhance the molecular vibration fingerprint without additional help.

[0075] Based on the above deduction, the present invention provides a method for enhancing molecular detection by synthesizing complex frequency waves. Figure 3 A flow chart of a method for enhancing extinction in molecular detection by synthesizing complex frequency waves according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown, the method comprising:

[0076] Step S301: construct a real frequency response and based on the measurement results t,t of optical molecular detection s Get the real frequency response P(ω). Based on the complex frequency response Construct the real frequency response P(ω) so that it approaches 0 as the frequency approaches infinity, where

[0077] Therein, a plurality of real frequency responses are obtained based on the measurement results of optical molecular detection at a plurality of incident light frequencies within a period of time.

[0078] Step S302: Selecting a complex frequency so that it can at least partially offset or compensate for the loss caused by the molecular damping vibration of the molecular layer.

[0079] Step S303: Obtaining an intermediate complex frequency response based on multiple real frequency responses P(ω) and the complex frequency

[0080] Step S304: Based on the intermediate complex frequency response Get the complex frequency response

[0081] The following uses a graphene sensor as an example to simulate the extinction spectrum of its molecular layer. In the first example, the two characteristic peaks of the molecular layer used for simulation are located at 1540 cm -1 and 1635cm -1 In the second example, the two characteristic peaks of the molecular layer used for simulation are located at 1570 cm -1 and 1620cm -1 .

[0082] Figure 4A shows the simulation results of the extinction spectrum of the molecular layer based on the graphene sensor in the first example, Figure 4B shows the simulation results of the extinction of the molecular layer based on the graphene sensor under the complex frequency wave calculated by P(ω) in the first example, Figure 4CIn the first example, the transmission coefficient t M (ω) The simulation results of the extinction of the molecular layer based on the graphene sensor under the complex frequency wave. The two characteristic peak positions of the molecular layer used for simulation are 1540cm -1 and 1635cm -1 (dashed line position). Figure 4A and 4B It can be seen that the synthetic complex frequency wave can directly enhance the molecular vibration fingerprint. Figure 4B and 4C It can be seen that the extinction spectrum calculated by P(ω) under complex frequency wave has a larger depression and a more obvious signal.

[0083] Figure 5A shows the simulation results of the extinction spectrum of the molecular layer based on the graphene sensor in the second example, Figure 5B shows the simulation results of the extinction of the molecular layer based on the graphene sensor under the complex frequency wave calculated by P(ω) in the second example, Figure 5C In the second example, the transmission coefficient t M (ω) The simulation results of the extinction of the molecular layer based on the graphene sensor under the complex frequency wave. The two characteristic peak positions of the molecular layer used for simulation are 1570 cm -1 and 1620cm -1 .Depend on Figure 5A and 5B It can be seen that the synthetic complex frequency wave can directly enhance the molecular vibration fingerprint. Figure 5B and 5C It can be seen that the extinction spectrum calculated by P(ω) under complex frequency wave has a larger depression and a more obvious signal.

[0084] Therefore, in practical applications, the real frequency response F(ω n ) should be selected as a physical quantity that tends to 0 when the frequency tends to infinity to further enhance the results of molecular detection.

[0085] Figure 6 The experimental results of the extinction spectrum of the silk protein molecular layer based on the graphene sensor are shown. The two characteristic peak positions of the silk protein molecular layer are 1540 cm -1 and 1635cm -1 (dashed line position). Curve 1 is the extinction spectrum of the silk protein molecular layer at real frequency, and Curve 2 is the extinction spectrum of the silk protein molecular layer at complex frequency. Compared with the original signal shown in Curve 1, the complex frequency response shown in Curve 2 is The resonance peak is significantly narrowed, which experimentally proves that synthetic complex frequency waves can directly enhance the molecular vibration fingerprint spectrum.

[0086] Although extinction is used as an example in the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the complex frequency response of the present invention can be any physical quantity directly or indirectly calculated based on the measurement results of optical detection of molecules.

[0087] In the above embodiments, optical detection of molecules is used as an example for detailed description, but those skilled in the art should understand that the method of enhancing characteristic signals by synthesizing complex frequency waves can be applied to spectroscopic signals in any field, including but not limited to spectra, electron loss spectra, angular resolution photoelectron spectra, mechanical characteristic spectra, and acoustic spectra.

[0088] Figure 7 A flow chart of a method for enhancing a characteristic signal by synthesizing a complex frequency wave according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The method comprises:

[0089] Step S701: obtaining a real frequency response based on the measurement result of the spectral signal.

[0090] Wherein, a plurality of real frequency responses are obtained based on the measurement results of the spectral signal at a plurality of frequencies within a period of time.

[0091] Step S702: Select a complex frequency so that it can at least partially offset or compensate for the spectral line broadening caused by the loss of the measurement result of the spectroscopy signal itself.

[0092] Step S703: obtaining a complex frequency response based on a plurality of real frequency responses and the complex frequency to enhance the characteristic signal.

[0093] Specifically, based on the above formula (2) Compute the complex frequency response where is the complex frequency response. n is the frequency of the measurement result of the spectral signal, F(ω n ) is the real frequency response. The complex frequency The attenuation coefficient τ is selected to be able to at least partially counteract or compensate for the spectral line broadening caused by the loss of the measurement result of the spectroscopic signal itself.

[0094] Wherein, in the embodiment where the abscissa is not the frequency, the abscissa of the measurement result of the spectroscopy signal can be used as its virtual frequency ω n , and the virtual phase information of the spectral signal can be obtained through the Kramers-Kronig relationship based on the amplitude information (i.e., the ordinate) of the spectral signal. Those skilled in the art should understand that although the virtual frequency and virtual phase do not have actual physical meanings, they can be used for mathematical calculations.

[0095] For ease of understanding, in the present invention, frequency includes actual frequency and virtual frequency used for mathematical calculation, and phase includes actual phase and virtual phase used for mathematical calculation.

[0096] The method of enhancing characteristic signals by synthesizing complex frequency waves of the present invention can be applied to any field to enhance characteristic signals of spectral signals. The characteristic signals may be, for example, concave signals, peak signals, and the like.

[0097] The method of enhancing molecular detection by synthesizing complex frequency waves of the present invention. By coherently combining multiple real frequency waves into complex frequency waves, molecular damping can be reduced and molecular signals at extremely low concentrations can be significantly enhanced. Experiments have shown that synthetic CFW can amplify molecular signals up to 15 times at low concentrations, thereby improving the sensitivity of various biosensors and achieving quantitative detection of biomolecules. The method of enhancing molecular detection by synthesizing complex frequency waves of the present invention is highly scalable and can promote the study of light-matter interactions, thus having potential applications in optoelectronics fields such as spectroscopy, sensing, metasurfaces, optical waveguides, and logic devices.

[0098] Although the present invention has been described through preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein but includes various changes and modifications that may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for enhancing a characteristic signal by synthesizing a complex frequency wave, comprising: Obtaining real frequency response based on the measurement results of the spectral signal; The complex frequency is selected so as to at least partially compensate for the line broadening caused by the losses; A complex frequency response is obtained based on the plurality of real frequency responses and the complex frequency to enhance a characteristic signal.

2. The method for enhancing characteristic signals by synthesizing complex frequency waves according to claim 1, wherein: The step of obtaining a complex frequency response based on a plurality of real frequency responses and the complex frequency to enhance the characteristic signal comprises calculating the complex frequency response by the following formula: Among them, F(ω n ) is the real frequency response; is the complex frequency response; ω n is the frequency of the measurement result of the spectral signal, and n is a positive integer; is the complex frequency; t0 is the time; Δω is the frequency ω n The interval frequency.

3. The method for enhancing characteristic signals by synthesizing complex frequency waves according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The measurement result of the spectroscopic signal is a measurement result based on optical detection of molecules, and the complex frequency is selected to be able to at least partially compensate for losses due to molecular damping vibrations of the molecular layer.

4. The method for enhancing characteristic signals by synthesizing complex frequency waves according to claim 3, wherein: The real frequency response tends to zero as the frequency tends to infinity.

5. The method for enhancing characteristic signals by synthesizing complex frequency waves according to claim 3, wherein: The method further comprises: Before obtaining the real frequency response based on the measurement result of the spectral signal, constructing the real frequency response so that the real frequency response tends to 0 when the frequency tends to infinity; In obtaining a complex frequency response based on a plurality of real frequency responses and the complex frequency to enhance the characteristic signal, it further includes obtaining an intermediate complex frequency response based on the plurality of real frequency responses, and obtaining a complex frequency response based on the intermediate complex frequency response.

6. The method for enhancing characteristic signals by synthesizing complex frequency waves according to claim 5, wherein: The complex frequency response is the extinction The real frequency response is the intermediate physical quantity P(ω), Among them, t M (ω) is the transmission coefficient, is the intermediate complex frequency response.

7. The method for enhancing characteristic signals by synthesizing complex frequency waves according to claim 3, wherein: Complex frequency ω is the current frequency, τ is the attenuation coefficient, and τ is greater than zero and is selected so that the dielectric constant of the molecular layer is a pure real value.

8. The method for enhancing characteristic signals by synthesizing complex frequency waves according to claim 3, wherein: The real frequency response includes amplitude information and phase information.

9. The method for enhancing characteristic signals by synthesizing complex frequency waves according to claim 8, wherein: The method further comprises: The phase information is calculated based on the amplitude information through the Cramer-Kronym relationship.

10. The method for enhancing characteristic signals by synthesizing complex frequency waves according to claim 2, wherein: The length of the time t0 enables the complex frequency response to enter a complex frequency quasi-steady state.

11. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: A computer program or software is included thereon, and the computer program can be executed by a processor to implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: one or more processors; as well as A memory for storing one or more executable instructions; The one or more processors are configured to implement the steps of the method of any one of claims 1-10 by executing the one or more executable instructions.

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