Water jet assisted laser-electrochemistry combined machining method

Abstract

The invention discloses a water jet assisted laser-electrochemical combined machining method which comprises the following steps: pre-treating a nickel-based superalloy to be machined, and fixing the nickel-based superalloy on a machining table; a machining area is positioned, parameters of water jet assisted laser and electrochemical machining are set, so that during laser machining, water jet cools the machining area and removes slag, and an electrolyte does not affect a non-machining area; meanwhile, water jet assisted laser and electrochemistry are started to machine the nickel-based superalloy, and the machining state is monitored in real time; and after composite machining is completed, the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is cooled. By accurately setting laser, water jet and electrochemical machining parameters, the efficient synergistic effect of the laser, water jet and electrochemical machining parameters in a machining area is ensured, the machining precision and the surface quality are effectively improved, the defects of heat affected zones, microcracks, recast layers and the like are remarkably reduced, and the machining quality is improved. And meanwhile, corrosion to a non-machining area is reduced through the mode of spraying the electrolyte in a pulse mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, and in particular to a water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method. Background Art

[0002] Water jet assisted laser processing is a composite processing method that combines laser processing and water jet processing. The basic principle is to guide the laser beam through a high-speed flowing water jet beam, so that the laser forms a uniformly distributed high-energy laser beam on the surface of the workpiece, and then the material is melted and removed by the high-energy laser beam. It mainly uses the cooling and kinetic energy of water to timely reduce the temperature of the laser processing area, thereby reducing the heat-affected zone, microcracks and recast layer, improving the processing quality of the workpiece surface, and timely removing the material droplets generated by laser processing, allowing the workpiece to expose a new surface in time, thereby increasing the processing speed.

[0003] The basic principle of electrochemical machining is to use the principle of electrochemical reaction to remove materials through electrolysis. During the machining process, the workpiece acts as an anode, and the electrolyte rotates at high speed through the workpiece accelerator during the machining process, producing local chemical reactions and simultaneous mechanical grinding, ultimately completing the machining of the workpiece.

[0004] In water jet-assisted laser and electrochemical composite processing, the water jet can accurately control the action position of the laser beam, while the electrochemical reaction can further refine the edge of the hole on a micro scale, reduce the heat-affected zone, and improve the surface quality and shape accuracy of the hole; the combination of the two technologies can more effectively remove material, especially when processing high hardness or special performance materials, which can significantly increase the processing speed.

[0005] However, this composite processing method also has problems. In order to achieve the best processing effect, it is necessary to finely adjust multiple parameters such as water jet pressure, laser power, electrolyte composition and concentration. These parameters influence each other and have different effects on the processed holes.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to improve the water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method in the prior art to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, aiming to solve the corrosion problems of the heat affected zone and the non-processing area in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, comprising:

[0009] S1. Pre-treating the nickel-based high-temperature alloy to be processed and fixing it on a processing table;

[0010] S2. Locate the processing area and set the parameters of water jet assisted laser and electrochemical processing so that during laser processing, the water jet cools the processing area and removes slag, and the electrolyte does not affect the non-processing area;

[0011] S3, simultaneously start water jet assisted laser and electrochemical processing of nickel-based high temperature alloy, and monitor the processing status in real time;

[0012] S4. After the composite processing is completed, the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is cooled.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of pretreating the nickel-based high-temperature alloy in step S1 includes:

[0014] S11. Cleaning the surface of nickel-based high-temperature alloy using an organic solvent;

[0015] S12. Removing the oxide layer on the surface of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy by mechanical grinding or chemical pickling;

[0016] S13. Use a weak acid solution to activate the surface of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy to enhance the electrochemical activity of the surface.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weak acid solution is one of dilute sulfuric acid or dilute hydrochloric acid, the activation treatment time is 1-5 minutes, and the concentration of the weak acid solution is 5%-10%.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, a laser rangefinder is used to determine the center position of the micro-hole to be processed, the processing position is marked on the processing table, and a positioning pin is used to fix the workpiece.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the water jet-assisted laser parameters are set: the laser power is 15-20W, the pulse repetition frequency is 0.2-0.4MHz, the number of scans is 400-600 times, and the scanning speed is 150-200mm / s; the water jet velocity is 4-6m / s, the jet angle is 50-80°, and the vertical distance of the jet outlet is 4-5mm; the offset distance between the jet impact center and the laser focus point is 3-5mm; the pulse width of the water jet-assisted laser is 10-50 picoseconds.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the electrochemical machining parameters are set: the electrolyte is one of sodium sulfate or sodium chloride solution, and the electrolyte concentration is 5%-10%; the electrolyte injection method adopts pulse injection, the injection frequency is synchronized with the laser pulse frequency, and the electrolyte pulse injection width is 50-100 picoseconds; the voltage is 3-6V, and the processing time is 90-120s; the distance between the electrode needle and the material surface is 1-2mm; the electrolyte is sprayed from the electrode inner cavity nozzle, acts on the workpiece processing area and generates an electrochemical reaction, and the electrolyte injection angle is 70-80°.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the actual operation steps include:

[0022] S31, turn on the laser power, preheat to a stable state, adjust the output parameters of the laser according to the set parameters, turn on the water jet system power, preheat to a stable state, adjust the parameters of the water jet, and ensure that the water jet is stable and aligned with the processing area;

[0023] S32, prepare the electrolyte, pour the electrolyte into the liquid storage tank, adjust the parameters of the electrolyte injection system to ensure that the electrolyte evenly covers the processing area;

[0024] S33, starting the laser, the water jet system and the electrolyte injection system simultaneously;

[0025] S34. Monitor the temperature of the processing area, the injection of the electrolyte and the stability of the electrochemical reaction.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the processing system is turned off, and the processed nickel-based high-temperature alloy material is placed in the air for natural cooling for 10-30 minutes, and the pore size, hole wall quality and surface morphology of the processing area are detected.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electrode needle is negatively charged and the nickel-based high-temperature alloy material is positively charged.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic solvent is one of acetone or ethanol, and the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is immersed for 5-15 minutes.

[0029] The present invention solves the defects existing in the background technology and has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] (1) The present invention proposes a water jet-assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method. By optimizing the parameter settings of laser, water jet and electrolyte, high-quality micro-hole processing of nickel-based high-temperature alloy is achieved. Impurities and oxide layers on the surface of the material are removed by pretreatment to enhance the electrochemical activity of the surface. By accurately setting the laser, water jet and electrochemical processing parameters, the three are ensured to work efficiently together in the processing area. In particular, the method performs well in the processing of tiny holes, which not only effectively improves the processing accuracy and surface quality, but also significantly reduces defects such as heat-affected zone, microcracks and recast layer. At the same time, the pulsed spraying of electrolyte is used to reduce corrosion in the non-processing area, thereby achieving high-quality and high-efficiency micro-hole processing.

[0031] (2) The present invention combines the pulsed electrolyte spraying method S2 with the electrochemical machining step S3, and adopts pulsed electrolyte spraying instead of continuous flow, so that the electrolyte is sprayed to the machining area in the form of pulses only when the laser is acting, which effectively avoids the corrosion and impact of the electrolyte on the non-machining area, ensures the stable progress of the electrochemical reaction in the machining area, reduces the waste of electrolyte and the adverse effects on the non-machining area, and achieves a significant improvement in the machining quality. Compared with the prior art, the contamination of the electrolyte to the non-machining area is further reduced, and the machining accuracy and the overall performance of the workpiece are improved.

[0032] (3) The present invention uses the pulsed electrolyte spraying method S2 to coordinate with the water jet assisted laser processing to adjust the pulse width and frequency, as well as the offset distance and angle between the water jet impact center and the laser focal point and the electrolyte concentration to ensure that non-continuous atomized droplets are formed at the processing location. By pulsed spraying, the electrolyte is sprayed into the processing area in an intermittent manner, which can accurately control the scope and time of the electrolyte action, reduce splashing, and avoid corrosion to non-processing areas. During laser processing, the water jet can accurately cool the processing area and remove slag. It effectively controls the heat accumulation during the processing process, avoids overheating and burning of the material, and keeps the processing surface clean, thereby achieving high-precision and high-surface-quality micro-hole processing.

[0033] (4) The present invention combines the pretreatment step S1 with the water jet-assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing step S3 to firstly clean, polish and activate the nickel-based high-temperature alloy, thereby removing impurities, oxides and oil stains on the surface, ensuring the effective absorption of laser energy and the uniform distribution of electrolyte in subsequent processing. Then, the metal surface is activated to improve the reaction activity of the processing area and the conductivity of the electrolyte, so that the energy transfer during laser processing is more efficient and the electrochemical reaction is more stable, thereby achieving a significant improvement in processing accuracy and surface quality. Compared with the prior art, the processing defects caused by poor surface condition of the material, such as enlarged heat-affected zone and generation of microcracks, are further reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0038] Application Overview

[0039] Inconel 625 and Inconel 718 are two widely used nickel-based high-temperature alloys. Due to their excellent corrosion resistance, high-temperature strength and good processing performance, they have important applications in industries such as aerospace, chemical industry, nuclear energy and marine engineering. Inconel 625 contains high chromium and molybdenum, as well as a certain amount of niobium, which enables it to perform well in extreme environments; while Inconel 718 is known for its excellent high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance, and is often used to manufacture engine components and high-temperature fasteners; however, the high strength and hardness of these materials also bring difficulties to traditional mechanical processing, especially when processing tiny holes, traditional processing methods often cannot meet the requirements of high precision, high efficiency and high surface quality.

[0040] The high hardness and high toughness of nickel-based high-temperature alloys make it easy to produce defects such as heat-affected zones, microcracks and recast layers during processing, seriously affecting the processing quality and the service life of the workpiece; although the existing water jet-assisted laser processing and electrochemical processing technologies can improve the processing quality to a certain extent, there are still some problems: during the processing process, the electrolyte easily forms a continuous flow, causing the non-processing area to be corroded and impacted by the electrolyte, affecting the processing quality and the overall performance of the workpiece; and the discontinuous electrolyte supply will affect the absorption and distribution of laser energy in the processing area, the effect of water jet assistance, and the stability of the electrochemical reaction.

[0041] In order to solve the above problems, the present application proposes a water jet-assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method to ensure the efficient transmission of laser energy in the processing area, and the electrolyte only works in the processing area to reduce corrosion to the non-processing area.

[0042] Exemplary Methods

[0043] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, comprising the steps of:

[0044] S1. Pre-treating the nickel-based high-temperature alloy to be processed and fixing it on a processing table;

[0045] S2. Locate the processing area and set the parameters of water jet assisted laser and electrochemical processing so that during laser processing, the water jet cools the processing area and removes slag, and the electrolyte does not affect the non-processing area;

[0046] S3, simultaneously start water jet assisted laser and electrochemical processing of nickel-based high temperature alloy, and monitor the processing status in real time;

[0047] S4. After the composite processing is completed, the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is cooled.

[0048] In step S1, the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is pretreated mainly to remove impurities, oxide layers and oil stains on the surface of the material to ensure effective absorption of laser energy, uniform distribution of electrolyte and smooth electrochemical reaction during subsequent processing; at the same time, pretreatment also helps to improve the surface finish of the material and reduce the generation of heat-affected zones and microcracks during processing.

[0049] S11. Cleaning the surface of nickel-based high-temperature alloy using an organic solvent;

[0050] S12. Removing the oxide layer on the surface of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy by mechanical grinding or chemical pickling;

[0051] S13, using a weak acid solution to activate the surface of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy to enhance the electrochemical activity of the surface;

[0052] Specifically, the organic solvent is one of acetone or ethanol, and the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is immersed for 5-15 minutes;

[0053] Nickel-based high-temperature alloys usually have good oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, and a dense oxide film is easily formed on their surface; this oxide film can protect the substrate from further oxidation or corrosion, but it will also affect the connection performance in the subsequent processing process; mechanical grinding is performed by sandpaper, grinding wheel or abrasive sandblasting until the oxide layer is completely removed and the surface presents a metallic luster; the chemical pickling solution is one of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and the pickling time is 10-30 minutes;

[0054] The weak acid solution for activation treatment is one of dilute sulfuric acid or dilute hydrochloric acid. The main purpose of activation treatment is to expose a more active metal surface and enhance the electrochemical activity of the material surface so as to better connect the anode in subsequent processing; the activation treatment time is 1-5 minutes, and the concentration of the weak acid solution is 5%-10%.

[0055] In the water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the key to step S2 is to reasonably set and adjust the processing parameters so that the laser processing, water jet cooling and electrochemical processing can work together to achieve the best processing effect.

[0056] A lot of heat is generated during laser processing. If the heat cannot be dissipated in time, it will cause thermal deformation, burns or cracks in the material. The existence of water jet is to cool the processing area in real time to prevent material damage. Slag and metal debris are generated during laser processing. When slag and debris adhere to the processing surface, it will affect the processing quality and subsequent processing steps. Water jet can wash away these slag and debris in time to keep the processing surface clean.

[0057] Electrochemical machining utilizes the electrochemical reaction between electrolyte and metal to remove material, achieving more uniform and fine material removal, and is particularly suitable for machining of complex shapes and high-precision requirements. This application selects pulse jet electrolyte, and the electrolyte is sprayed into the machining area in the form of pulses rather than a continuous stream. This can be achieved by quickly opening and closing the nozzle, thereby generating an intermittent electrolyte flow and reducing the impact of the electrolyte on non-machining areas.

[0058] In step S2, a laser rangefinder is used to determine the center position of the micro-hole to be processed, the processing position is marked on the processing table, and a positioning pin is used to fix the workpiece to ensure that the workpiece remains stable during the entire processing process.

[0059] In step S2, the water jet-assisted laser parameters are set: the laser power is 15-20 W, the pulse repetition frequency is 0.2-0.4 MHz, the number of scans is 400-600 times, and the scanning speed is 150-200 mm / s; the water jet velocity is 4-6 m / s, the jet angle is 50-80°, and the vertical distance of the jet outlet is 4-5 mm; the offset distance between the jet impact center and the laser focus point is 3-5 mm; the pulse width of the water jet-assisted laser is 10-50 picoseconds;

[0060] In step S2, the electrochemical machining parameters are set: the electrolyte is one of sodium sulfate or sodium chloride solution, and the electrolyte concentration is 5%-10%; the electrolyte injection method adopts pulse injection, the injection frequency is synchronized with the laser pulse frequency, and the electrolyte pulse injection width is 50-100 picoseconds; the pulse injection width of the electrolyte is slightly larger than the laser pulse width to ensure that the electrolyte has reached the processing area before the laser action, and continues to provide cooling and cleaning effects after the laser action, while avoiding waste caused by excessive injection and the impact of non-processing areas; the voltage is 3-6V, and the processing time is 90-120s; the distance between the electrode needle and the material surface is 1-2mm; the electrolyte is sprayed from the electrode inner cavity nozzle, acts on the workpiece processing area and undergoes an electrochemical reaction, and the injection angle is 70-80°; the electrode needle is negatively charged, and the nickel-based high-temperature alloy material is positively charged.

[0061] Through the above steps, during the processing, the laser, water jet and electrolyte work together to achieve high-quality micro-hole processing.

[0062] In step S3, the laser system, water jet system and electrochemical machining system are started to ensure that the laser focus is accurately aligned with the machining area, and the temperature of the machining area is monitored using an infrared thermometer or a thermal imager to ensure that the temperature is within a controllable range to prevent overheating of the material; according to the results of real-time monitoring, the machining parameters are adjusted in a timely manner to optimize the machining effect; when any abnormal conditions are found, including: excessive temperature, insufficient cooling and uneven electrolyte spraying, the machine is immediately stopped for inspection and troubleshooting;

[0063] In step S3, the actual operation steps include:

[0064] S31, turn on the laser power, preheat to a stable state, adjust the output parameters of the laser according to the set parameters, turn on the water jet system power, preheat to a stable state, adjust the parameters of the water jet, and ensure that the water jet is stable and aligned with the processing area;

[0065] S32, prepare the electrolyte, pour the electrolyte into the liquid storage tank, ensure the normal operation of the electrolyte supply system, adjust the parameters of the electrolyte injection system, and ensure that the electrolyte evenly covers the processing area;

[0066] S33, starting the laser, the water jet system and the electrolyte injection system simultaneously;

[0067] S34. Monitor the temperature of the processing area, the injection of the electrolyte and the stability of the electrochemical reaction, and check the pore size, hole wall quality and surface morphology of the processing area.

[0068] In step S4, the processing system is turned off and the processed nickel-based high-temperature alloy material is placed in the air for natural cooling to avoid thermal stress caused by rapid cooling; the cooling time is 10-30 minutes, and the processed material is measured to see if it meets the processing requirements, and the aperture, hole wall quality and surface morphology of the processing area are tested to ensure that there are no cracks, burrs or other defects.

[0069] Embodiment 1

[0070] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, comprising the steps of:

[0071] S1. Pre-treat the Inconel 625 alloy to be processed and fix it on a processing table;

[0072] The thickness of Inconel 625 alloy is 5mm. The Inconel 625 alloy is soaked in acetone for 10 minutes, and the surface of the alloy is polished with sandpaper with a particle size of 240 mesh until the oxide layer is completely removed and the surface is bright, and then activated with a 5% concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid solution for 3 minutes;

[0073] S2. Locate the processing area and set the parameters of water jet assisted laser and electrochemical processing so that during laser processing, the water jet cools the processing area and removes slag, and the electrolyte does not affect the non-processing area; use a laser rangefinder to accurately locate the center of the microhole, mark and fix the workpiece;

[0074] Laser parameters: laser power 18W, pulse repetition frequency 0.3MHz, scanning times 500 times, scanning speed 200mm / s;

[0075] Water jet parameters: flow rate 5m / s, jet angle 70°, vertical distance of jet outlet 4mm; offset distance between jet impact center and laser focus point 4mm, pulse width 30 picoseconds;

[0076] Electrochemical parameters: the electrolyte is 8% sodium sulfate solution, the pulse jet width is 80 picoseconds, the voltage is 4.5V, the processing time is 100s, the distance between the electrode needle and the material surface is 1.5mm, and the jet angle is 75°;

[0077] S3. Start water jet assisted laser and electrochemical processing on nickel-based high temperature alloy at the same time, and monitor the processing status in real time; use infrared thermometer to monitor the temperature of the processing area, and observe the electrolyte injection and electrochemical reaction stability at the same time;

[0078] S4. After the composite processing is completed, the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is cooled at room temperature for 30 minutes.

[0079] Embodiment 2

[0080] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same as the first embodiment will not be repeated, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is;

[0081] The laser pulse repetition frequency is 0.2 MHz;

[0082] Embodiment 3

[0083] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same as the first embodiment will not be repeated, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is;

[0084] The laser pulse repetition frequency is 0.4 MHz;

[0085] Embodiment 4

[0086] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same as the first embodiment will not be repeated, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is;

[0087] The offset distance between the jet impact center and the laser focus point is 3 mm;

[0088] Embodiment 5

[0089] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same points as the second embodiment are not repeated here, the difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that;

[0090] The offset distance between the jet impact center and the laser focus point is 3 mm;

[0091] Embodiment 6

[0092] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same as the third embodiment will not be repeated, the difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment is;

[0093] The offset distance between the jet impact center and the laser focus point is 3 mm;

[0094] Embodiment 7

[0095] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same as the first embodiment will not be repeated, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is;

[0096] The offset distance between the jet impact center and the laser focus point is 5 mm;

[0097] Embodiment 8

[0098] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same points as the second embodiment are not repeated here, the difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that;

[0099] The offset distance between the jet impact center and the laser focus point is 5 mm;

[0100] Embodiment 9

[0101] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same as the third embodiment will not be repeated, the difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment is;

[0102] The offset distance between the jet impact center and the laser focus point is 3 mm;

[0103] Embodiment 10

[0104] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same as the first embodiment will not be repeated, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is;

[0105] The water jet angles are 60° and 80°;

[0106] Embodiment 11

[0107] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same points as the second embodiment are not repeated here, the difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that;

[0108] The water jet angles are 60° and 80°;

[0109] Embodiment 12

[0110] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same as the third embodiment will not be repeated, the difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment is;

[0111] The water jet angles are 60° and 80°;

[0112] Embodiment 13

[0113] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same as the fourth embodiment will not be repeated, the difference between this embodiment and the fourth embodiment is;

[0114] The water jet angles are 60° and 80°;

[0115] Embodiment 14

[0116] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same as the fifth embodiment will not be repeated, the difference between this embodiment and the fifth embodiment is;

[0117] The water jet angles are 60° and 80°;

[0118] Embodiment 15

[0119] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same points as the sixth embodiment are not repeated here, the difference between this embodiment and the sixth embodiment is that;

[0120] The water jet angles are 60° and 80°;

[0121] Embodiment 16

[0122] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same points as the seventh embodiment are not repeated here, the difference between this embodiment and the seventh embodiment is that;

[0123] The water jet angles are 60° and 80°;

[0124] Embodiment 17

[0125] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same points as the eighth embodiment are not repeated here, the difference between this embodiment and the eighth embodiment is that;

[0126] The water jet angles are 60° and 80°;

[0127] Embodiment 18

[0128] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same points as the ninth embodiment are not repeated here, the difference between this embodiment and the ninth embodiment is that;

[0129] The water jet angles are 60° and 80°;

[0130] Embodiment 19

[0131] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same as the first embodiment will not be repeated, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is;

[0132] The electrolyte concentration is 7%;

[0133] Embodiment 20

[0134] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same as the first embodiment will not be repeated, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is;

[0135] The electrolyte concentration is 6%;

[0136] Embodiment 21

[0137] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same as the first embodiment will not be repeated, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is;

[0138] The electrolyte concentration is 9%;

[0139] Embodiment 22

[0140] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same as the first embodiment will not be repeated, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is;

[0141] The electrolyte concentration is 10%;

[0142] Comparative Example 1

[0143] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same as the first embodiment will not be repeated, the difference between this comparative example and the first embodiment is;

[0144] No water assistance is performed;

[0145] Comparative Example 2

[0146] A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, the same as the first embodiment will not be repeated, the difference between this comparative example and the first embodiment is;

[0147] No electrochemical machining;

[0148] Experimental Example 1

[0149] Selecting Examples 1 to 18 and Comparative Example 1, the drilling quality of the materials processed by the laser machine and the influence of the electrolyte on the non-processing area are tested, as shown in the following table:

[0150] The actual size of the aperture is measured by a laser scanning microscope and compared with the designed size to obtain the accuracy value; the surface roughness of the hole wall is measured by a surface roughness meter, and the electrolyte content in the non-processed area is determined by chemical analysis methods such as titration, spectral analysis or chromatographic analysis; the processing effect is evaluated by measuring these data:

[0151] Table 1 Effect of water jet and laser parameters

[0152]

[0153]

[0154] It can be seen from the table that in the case of Example 1, the processing effect is the best. Analysis of the table data shows that although a higher pulse repetition frequency means more laser pulses per unit time, which can increase the processing speed, if the frequency is too high, the interval between adjacent pulses is too short, resulting in heat accumulation, which may cause local overheating of the material, resulting in heat-affected zones and cracks, thereby reducing the accuracy and surface quality. A higher pulse repetition frequency may cause the electrolyte to be unable to be fully updated, affecting the electrochemical reaction, and further affecting the processing effect;

[0155] The water jet angle affects the cooling and slag removal effects. When the angle is moderate, the water jet can effectively take away heat and slag, reduce the heat-affected zone and improve the surface quality; when the angle is too small or too large, the cooling and cleaning effects of the water jet will be weakened, resulting in reduced accuracy and surface quality; the appropriate water jet angle helps to evenly distribute the electrolyte in the processing area and promote the stable electrochemical reaction, thereby improving the processing accuracy and surface quality. The offset distance determines the cooling effect and slag removal ability of the water jet on the processing area. When the distance is too close, the water jet will interfere with the laser focus and affect the accuracy of laser processing; when the distance is too far, the cooling and cleaning effects of the water jet will be weakened, which is also not conducive to processing.

[0156] Experimental Example 2

[0157] Selecting Examples 1, 19 to 22, and Comparative Example 2, the drilling quality of the materials processed by the laser machine and the influence of the electrolyte on the non-processing area are tested, as shown in the following table:

[0158] Table 2 Effect of electrolyte concentration

[0159]

[0160] It can be seen from the table that in the case of Example 1, the processing effect is the best. In Example 1, the electrolyte concentration is 8%, at this time the processing effect is the best, the accuracy is the highest, the surface roughness is the lowest, and the electrolyte content in the non-processing area is also the lowest. As the electrolyte concentration changes, whether it is reduced or increased, the processing effect decreases; when the electrolyte concentration is moderate, its conductivity is optimal, which is conducive to the stable electrochemical reaction. If the concentration is too low or too high, the conductivity of the electrolyte will be affected, thereby affecting the processing effect; an electrolyte with a moderate concentration can maintain a moderate reaction rate, and will not cause overheating of the processing area due to a too fast reaction, nor will it reduce the processing efficiency due to a too slow reaction. If the concentration is too high or too low, the reaction rate will deviate from the optimal state, affecting the processing quality.

[0161] High-quality micro-hole processing can be achieved by reasonably setting the laser pulse repetition frequency, water jet angle, and the offset distance between the jet impact center and the laser focus point, combined with appropriate electrolyte concentration.

[0162] The above is based on the ideal embodiment of the present invention. Through the above description, relevant personnel can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and the technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite processing method, characterized in that: Includes steps: S1. Pre-treating the nickel-based high-temperature alloy to be processed and fixing it on a processing table; S2. Locate the processing area and set the parameters of water jet assisted laser and electrochemical processing so that during laser processing, the water jet cools the processing area and removes slag, and the electrolyte does not affect the non-processing area; S3, simultaneously start water jet assisted laser and electrochemical processing of nickel-based high temperature alloy, and monitor the processing status in real time; S4. After the composite processing is completed, the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is cooled.

2. The water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite machining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of pretreating the nickel-based high-temperature alloy in step S1 includes: S11. Cleaning the surface of nickel-based high-temperature alloy using an organic solvent; S12. Removing the oxide layer on the surface of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy by mechanical grinding or chemical pickling; S13. Use a weak acid solution to activate the surface of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy to enhance the electrochemical activity of the surface.

3. The water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite machining method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The weak acid solution is one of dilute sulfuric acid or dilute hydrochloric acid, the activation treatment time is 1-5 minutes, and the concentration of the weak acid solution is 5%-10%.

4. The water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite machining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, a laser rangefinder is used to determine the center position of the micro-hole to be processed, the processing position is marked on the processing table, and the workpiece is fixed with a positioning pin.

5. The water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite machining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the water jet-assisted laser parameters are set: laser power is 15-20 W, pulse repetition frequency is 0.2-0.4 MHz, scanning times are 400-600 times, and scanning speed is 150-200 mm / s; water jet velocity is 4-6 m / s, jet angle is 50-80°, and vertical distance of jet outlet is 4-5 mm; offset distance between jet impact center and laser focal point is 3-5 mm; pulse width of water jet-assisted laser is 10-50 picoseconds.

6. The water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite machining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the electrochemical machining parameters are set: the electrolyte is one of sodium sulfate or sodium chloride solution, and the electrolyte concentration is 5%-10%; The electrolyte spraying method adopts pulse spraying, the spraying frequency is synchronized with the laser pulse frequency, the electrolyte pulse spraying width is 50-100 picoseconds; the voltage is 3-6V, and the processing time is 90-120s; The distance between the electrode needle and the material surface is 1-2mm; The electrolyte is sprayed from the nozzle in the electrode cavity, acts on the workpiece processing area and produces an electrochemical reaction. The electrolyte spray angle is 70-80°.

7. The water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite machining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the actual operation steps include: S31, turn on the laser power, preheat to a stable state, adjust the output parameters of the laser according to the set parameters, turn on the water jet system power, preheat to a stable state, adjust the parameters of the water jet, and ensure that the water jet is stable and aligned with the processing area; S32, prepare the electrolyte, pour the electrolyte into the liquid storage tank, adjust the parameters of the electrolyte injection system to ensure that the electrolyte evenly covers the processing area; S33, starting the laser, the water jet system and the electrolyte injection system simultaneously; S34. Monitor the temperature of the processing area, the injection of the electrolyte and the stability of the electrochemical reaction.

8. The water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite machining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the processing system is turned off, and the processed nickel-based high-temperature alloy material is placed in the air for natural cooling for 10-30 minutes, and the hole diameter, hole wall quality and surface morphology of the processing area are detected.

9. The water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite machining method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The electrode needle is negatively charged and the nickel-based high-temperature alloy material is positively charged.

10. The water jet assisted laser-electrochemical composite machining method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The organic solvent is one of acetone or ethanol, and the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is soaked for 5-15 minutes.

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