Pig manure biochar-based coated organic fertilizer as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a pig manure biochar-based coated organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials by weight: 60-80 parts of an organic granular fertilizer, 20-40 parts of pig manure biochar, 0.5-2 parts of an adhesive, 0.5-2 parts of alginic acid, 10-12 parts of deionized water and 0.05-1 part of paraffin. The organic fertilizer can effectively solve the problem of short fertilizer efficiency time of the organic fertilizer in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, and specifically relates to a pig manure biochar carbon-based coated organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of livestock and poultry farming in my country, the problem of livestock and poultry manure treatment has become increasingly prominent. Excessive livestock and poultry manure has increased the burden on the ecological environment. However, livestock and poultry manure contains nutrients necessary for plant growth, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, and can be used as an important resource for the production of organic fertilizer. Although the traditional open-air composting method can treat part of the manure, it is easy to cause the emission of harmful gases and the loss of fertilizer nutrients, causing environmental pollution and other problems. Biochar, as a low-cost material with good adsorption and stable pore structure, is an additive to improve compost quality and composting conditions. Biochar can effectively absorb harmful gases generated during the composting process and reduce air pollution. At the same time, it can adjust the water content of the compost product, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and regulate the soil microbial environment to promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients by crops.

[0003] Acidic purple soil is mainly distributed in the vast low mountain and hilly areas south of the Yangtze River and the Sichuan Basin in my country. The soil layer is shallow, the organic matter content is low, and the nutrient content is unbalanced. Because the purple soil has a low degree of soil maturity, the application of soil organic matter should be increased as much as possible before planting crops, and the soil pH should be properly adjusted. Faced with environmental pollution caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers in my country, the quality of agricultural products has declined, and soil nutrients are unbalanced.

[0004] In recent years, organic fertilizers have been vigorously promoted in the market. However, most of the existing organic fertilizers improve their efficiency by adjusting the raw material ingredients, and their efficiency still needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a pig manure biochar-based coated organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof, which can effectively solve the problem of short fertilizer effect time of organic fertilizer in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is:

[0007] A pig manure biochar charcoal-based coated organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of organic granular fertilizer, 20-40 parts of pig manure biochar, 0.5-2 parts of adhesive, 0.5-2 parts of alginic acid, 10-12 parts of deionized water and 0.05-1 part of paraffin.

[0008] Furthermore, the organic granular fertilizer includes the following components in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 5-8 parts of amino acids, 5-8 parts of yeast extract, 2-5 parts of chitin, 0.8-1.2 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 0.5-0.8 parts of material composting agent.

[0009] Furthermore, the organic granular fertilizer is prepared by the following method: livestock and poultry manure, amino acids, yeast extract, chitin, Bacillus subtilis and material composting agent are mixed evenly, fermented at 45-55°C for 3-7 days to obtain fermented material, the water content of the fermented material is adjusted to 4-6%, and extruded and granulated to obtain the product.

[0010] Furthermore, the particle size of the organic granular fertilizer is 0.5mm-3mm.

[0011] Furthermore, the pig manure biochar is prepared by the following method: fresh pig manure is dried to a moisture content of less than 10%, and then the pig manure is pyrolyzed under nitrogen protection at 600-650° C. for 30-45 minutes to obtain the biochar.

[0012] Furthermore, the binder is oxidized starch.

[0013] Furthermore, the oxidized starch is prepared by the following method: dissolving starch in deionized water, heating to 55-65° C., then adding hydrogen peroxide solution thereto, stirring and mixing, adding copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide solution thereto in a water bath, heating the reaction for 0.5-1.5 hours, and obtaining the starch.

[0014] The method for preparing the above-mentioned pig manure biochar charcoal-based coated organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0015] (1) dissolving oxidized starch and alginic acid in deionized water to prepare an oxidized starch solution and an alginic acid solution respectively;

[0016] (2) Under stirring conditions, the binder solution and the alginic acid solution are sprayed on the surface of the organic granular fertilizer, and then the pig manure biochar powder is sprinkled on the surface of the organic granular fertilizer, mixed, and then the paraffin is heated and melted and sprayed on the surface of the organic granular fertilizer, and cooled to obtain the product.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (2), the stirring speed is 50-70 r / min.

[0018] The above-mentioned pig manure biochar-based coated organic fertilizer is used as a soil conditioner for acidic purple soil.

[0019] The beneficial effects produced by the present invention are:

[0020] The pig manure biochar charcoal-based coated organic fertilizer prepared in the present invention can effectively improve the texture of acidic purple soil, increase the organic matter content in acidic purple soil, and improve soil fertility; at the same time, the coated organic fertilizer in the present application has a slow-release effect, wherein the porous structure of the biochar can absorb nutrients on the surface of the organic fertilizer, which can reduce the physical contact between the soil and the nutrients, and as a medium, absorb the nutrients of the organic fertilizer and transfer the nutrients to the soil, thereby achieving a long-term slow-release effect of nutrients; the porous structure of the biochar can also improve the structure of the soil and increase the soil permeability; coating the paraffin layer on the surface of the biochar can reduce the shedding of the biochar layer, reduce the loss of the biochar during transportation and spreading, and thus improve the slow-release effect of the fertilizer and the improvement effect on the soil.

[0021] When the oxidized starch solution of the present invention is prepared, copper sulfate can be used as a catalyst to promote the oxidation reaction, and hydrogen peroxide is also used as a strong oxidant to promote the oxidation reaction, so as to prepare the oxidized starch; at the same time, when used, the added copper sulfate helps to form a stable coating layer on the surface of the fertilizer particles, thereby improving the density and durability of the particle film layer, and also has the effects of sterilization and inhibition of microbial growth; hydrogen peroxide, as a strong oxidant, has the effects of accelerating the decomposition of organic matter in the organic fertilizer and promoting the polymerization of film-forming substances, and at the same time, also has a certain disinfection and sterilization effect. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention, that is, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0023] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0025] The features and performance of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A pig manure biochar charcoal-based coated organic fertilizer, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of organic granular fertilizer, 20 parts of pig manure biochar, 0.5 parts of oxidized starch, 0.5 parts of alginic acid, 10 parts of deionized water and 0.05 parts of paraffin;

[0028] The organic granular fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 5 parts of amino acids, 5 parts of yeast extract, 2 parts of chitin, 0.8 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 0.5 parts of material composting agent; and the preparation method thereof comprises: uniformly mixing livestock and poultry manure, amino acids, yeast extract, chitin, Bacillus subtilis and material composting agent, fermenting at 45° C. for 7 days to obtain fermented material, adjusting the water content of the fermented material to 4%, extruding and granulating, and obtaining organic granular fertilizer with a particle size of 3 mm;

[0029] The preparation method of pig manure biochar is as follows: drying fresh pig manure to a moisture content of less than 10%, and then pyrolyzing the pig manure under nitrogen protection at 600°C for 45 minutes to obtain;

[0030] The preparation method of oxidized starch is as follows: dissolving starch in deionized water, heating to 55° C., then adding a 1% hydrogen peroxide solution by weight of starch thereto, stirring and mixing, adding a 0.1% copper sulfate solution by weight of starch and a 1% sodium hydroxide solution by weight of starch thereto under water bath conditions, heating and reacting for 0.5 h, to obtain;

[0031] The method for preparing the above-mentioned pig manure biochar charcoal-based coated organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0032] (1) dissolving oxidized starch and alginic acid in deionized water to prepare an oxidized starch solution and an alginic acid solution respectively;

[0033] (2) Under stirring conditions of 50 r / min, the binder solution and the alginate solution are sprayed on the surface of the organic granular fertilizer, and then the pig manure biochar powder is sprinkled on the surface of the organic granular fertilizer, mixed evenly, and then the paraffin is heated and melted and sprayed on the surface of the organic granular fertilizer, cooled, and obtained.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] A pig manure biochar charcoal-based coated organic fertilizer, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of organic granular fertilizer, 30 parts of pig manure biochar, 1 part of oxidized starch, 1 part of alginic acid, 11 parts of deionized water and 0.5 parts of paraffin;

[0036] The organic granular fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 85 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 6.5 parts of amino acids, 6.5 parts of yeast extract, 3.5 parts of chitin, 1 part of Bacillus subtilis, and 0.65 parts of a material decomposition agent; and the preparation method thereof comprises: uniformly mixing livestock and poultry manure, amino acids, yeast extract, chitin, Bacillus subtilis and a material decomposition agent, fermenting at 50° C. for 5 days to obtain a fermented material, adjusting the water content of the fermented material to 5%, and extruding and granulating to obtain an organic granular fertilizer with a particle size of 2 mm;

[0037] The method for preparing pig manure biochar is as follows: drying fresh pig manure to a moisture content of less than 10%, and then pyrolyzing the pig manure under nitrogen protection at 630°C for 40 minutes to obtain;

[0038] The preparation method of oxidized starch is as follows: dissolving starch in deionized water, heating to 60° C., then adding a 1% hydrogen peroxide solution by weight of starch thereto, stirring and mixing, adding a 0.1% copper sulfate by weight of starch and a 1% sodium hydroxide solution by weight of starch thereto under water bath conditions, heating and reacting for 1 hour, and obtaining the oxidized starch;

[0039] The method for preparing the above-mentioned pig manure biochar charcoal-based coated organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0040] (1) dissolving oxidized starch and alginic acid in deionized water to prepare an oxidized starch solution and an alginic acid solution respectively;

[0041] (2) Under stirring conditions of 50-70 r / min, the binder solution and the alginate solution are sprayed on the surface of the organic granular fertilizer, and then the pig manure biochar powder is sprinkled on the surface of the organic granular fertilizer, mixed, and then the paraffin is heated and melted and sprayed on the surface of the organic granular fertilizer, cooled, and obtained.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] A pig manure biochar charcoal-based coated organic fertilizer, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of organic granular fertilizer, 40 parts of pig manure biochar, 2 parts of oxidized starch, 2 parts of alginic acid, 12 parts of deionized water and 1 part of paraffin;

[0044] The organic granular fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 8 parts of amino acids, 8 parts of yeast extract, 8 parts of chitin, 1.2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 0.8 parts of material composting agent; and the preparation method thereof comprises: uniformly mixing livestock and poultry manure, amino acids, yeast extract, chitin, Bacillus subtilis and material composting agent, fermenting at 55° C. for 7 days to obtain fermented material, adjusting the water content of the fermented material to 6%, extruding and granulating, and obtaining organic granular fertilizer with a particle size of 3 mm;

[0045] The method for preparing pig manure biochar is as follows: drying fresh pig manure to a moisture content of less than 10%, and then pyrolyzing the pig manure at 650°C for 30 minutes under nitrogen protection to obtain;

[0046] The preparation method of oxidized starch is as follows: dissolving starch in deionized water, heating to 65° C., then adding a 1% hydrogen peroxide solution by weight of starch thereto, stirring and mixing, adding a 0.1% copper sulfate by weight of starch and a 1% sodium hydroxide solution by weight of starch thereto under water bath conditions, heating and reacting for 1.5 hours, to obtain;

[0047] The method for preparing the above-mentioned pig manure biochar charcoal-based coated organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0048] (1) dissolving oxidized starch and alginic acid in deionized water to prepare an oxidized starch solution and an alginic acid solution respectively;

[0049] (2) Under stirring conditions of 70 r / min, the binder solution and the alginate solution are sprayed on the surface of the organic granular fertilizer, and then the pig manure biochar powder is sprinkled on the surface of the organic granular fertilizer, mixed evenly, and then the paraffin is heated and melted and sprayed on the surface of the organic granular fertilizer, cooled, and obtained.

[0050] Comparative Example 1

[0051] A pig manure biochar charcoal-based coated organic fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of organic granular fertilizer and 30 parts of pig manure biochar;

[0052] The organic granular fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 85 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 6.5 parts of amino acids, 6.5 parts of yeast extract, 3.5 parts of chitin, 1 part of Bacillus subtilis, and 0.65 parts of a material composting agent; and the preparation method thereof comprises: uniformly mixing the livestock and poultry manure, amino acids, yeast extract, chitin, Bacillus subtilis and the material composting agent, fermenting at 50° C. for 5 days to obtain a fermented material, adjusting the water content of the fermented material to 5%, and extruding and granulating to obtain an organic granular fertilizer with a particle size of 3 mm;

[0053] The method for preparing pig manure biochar is as follows: drying fresh pig manure to a moisture content of less than 10%, and then pyrolyzing the pig manure under nitrogen protection at 630°C for 40 minutes to obtain;

[0054] The preparation method of the above-mentioned pig manure biochar carbon-based coated organic fertilizer is: the organic granular fertilizer and the pig manure biochar are evenly mixed to obtain the obtained organic fertilizer.

[0055] Test example

[0056] The citrus orchards, kiwifruit orchards and tea orchards in Pujiang County, Sichuan Province were divided into four plots, and the citrus, kiwifruit and tea trees in each plot had relatively consistent vigor and yield, and six plants of the same age were selected as a treatment group. The fertilizers in the embodiments and comparative examples were applied to each variety and different plots, and soil samples of the treatment groups were taken 120 days after fertilization to determine soil nutrients, as shown in Tables 1-3. The internal nutrient content of agricultural products was determined, and the results are shown in Tables 4-6.

[0057] Table 1: Basic physical and chemical properties of citrus soil

[0058] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 pH 6.35 6.57 6.48 6.45 <![CDATA[Bulk density (g / cm 3 )]]> 1.27 1.31 1.26 1.29 Organic matter (g / kg) 36.6 36.9 36.2 34.9 Microbial biomass carbon (mg / kg) 225 226 231 198 Microbial biomass nitrogen (mg / kg) 37 38 39 35 Total nitrogen (g / kg) 1.98 2.02 2.03 1.87 Alkaline nitrogen (mg / kg) 151 153 155 138 Available phosphorus (mg / kg) 346 347 351 267 Available potassium (mg / kg) 348 347 358 309 Slow-release potassium (mg / kg) 401 404 406 429 Cation exchange capacity (cmol+ / kg) 21.08 22.36 23.24 20.47

[0059] Table 2: Basic physical and chemical properties of kiwifruit soil

[0060] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 pH 4.28 4.33 4.65 4.35 <![CDATA[Unit weight (g / cm 3 )]]> 1.23 1.20 1.32 1.22 Organic matter (g / kg) 31.5 34.5 32.4 28.5 Microbial biomass carbon (mg / kg) 178 195 189 165 Microbial biomass nitrogen (mg / kg) 33 34 35 31 Total nitrogen (g / kg) 1.75 1.85 1.92 1.66 Alkaline nitrogen (mg / kg) 312 337 336 274 Available phosphorus (mg / kg) 320 342 362 248 Available potassium (mg / kg) 335 326 341 312 Slow-release potassium (mg / kg) 396 393 388 426 Cation exchange capacity (cmol+ / kg) 18.02 20.23 21.42 14.12

[0061] Table 3: Basic physical and chemical properties of tea soil

[0062] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 pH 3.43 3.56 3.55 3.52 <![CDATA[Bulk density (g / cm 3 )]]> 1.19 1.23 1.24 1.18 Organic matter (g / kg) 30.0 29.6 31.2 29.2 Microbial biomass carbon (mg / kg) 188 186 189 182 Microbial biomass nitrogen (mg / kg) 33 36 38 35 Total nitrogen (g / kg) 1.96 2.03 2.14 2.01 Alkaline nitrogen (mg / kg) 232 236 237 198 Available phosphorus (mg / kg) 139 140 143 86 Available potassium (mg / kg) 82 87 85 78 Slow-release potassium (mg / kg) 98 86 89 134 Cation exchange capacity (cmol+ / kg) 7.58 8.06 8.16 6.55

[0063] It can be seen from the results in the above table that compared with the comparative example 1 group, the soil nutrient indicators such as soil organic matter, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium content of the three crops in the examples 1-3 groups were effectively improved, proving that the coated organic fertilizer prepared by the method of the present invention can effectively improve the soil structure and increase the soil nutrient content for a long time.

[0064] Table 4: Nutrient content of citrus fruit

[0065] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Nitrogen (N) (g / 100g) 1.26 1.21 1.16 1.05 Phosphorus (P) (g / 100g) 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.07 Potassium (K) (g / 100g) 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.21 Soluble solids (%) 14.05 14.65 14.35 11.70 Titratable acid (as citric acid) (g / 100ml) 0.79 0.76 0.78 0.86 Reducing sugar (g / 100g) 5.68 6.29 7.42 4.96

[0066] Table 5: Nutrient content of kiwi fruit

[0067] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Nitrogen (N) (g / 100g) 1.11 1.21 1.23 1.10 Phosphorus (P) (g / 100g) 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.09 Potassium (K) (g / 100g) 0.15 0.14 0.21 0.14 Soluble solids (%) 11.65 12.40 11.67 11.10 Titratable acid (as citric acid) (g / 100ml) 0.85 0.84 0.92 0.84 Reducing sugar (g / 100g) 4.72 4.76 4.84 4.53

[0068] Table 6: Nutrient content of tea

[0069] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Nitrogen (N) (g / 100g) 0.29 0.34 0.42 0.27 Phosphorus (P) (g / 100g) 0.08 0.05 0.16 0.02 Potassium (K) (g / 100g) 0.35 0.39 0.42 0.32 Soluble solids (%) 9.40 9.77 9.87 9.05 Titratable acid (as citric acid) (g / 100ml) 0.91 0.98 1.02 0.86 Reducing sugar (g / 100g) 8.01 8.03 8.42 6.29

[0070] It can be seen from the data in Tables 4-6 that the nutrient indicators of Examples 1-3 groups in citrus, kiwi and tea fruit are improved compared with Comparative Example 1 group, which proves that the coated organic fertilizer in the present application can effectively improve the nutritional structure in the soil and increase the nutrient content in the fruit in the long term.

Claims

1. A pig manure biochar charcoal-based coated organic fertilizer, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of organic granular fertilizer, 20-40 parts of pig manure biochar, 0.5-2 parts of adhesive, 0.5-2 parts of alginic acid, 10-12 parts of deionized water and 0.05-1 part of paraffin.

2. The pig manure biochar charcoal-based coated organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic granular fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 5-8 parts of amino acids, 5-8 parts of yeast extract, 2-5 parts of chitin, 0.8-1.2 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 0.5-0.8 parts of material composting agent.

3. The pig manure biochar charcoal-based coated organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The organic granular fertilizer is prepared by the following method: livestock and poultry manure, amino acids, yeast extract, chitin, bacillus subtilis and material composting agent are evenly mixed, fermented at 45-55°C for 3-7 days to obtain fermented material, the water content of the fermented material is adjusted to 4-6%, and extruded and granulated to obtain the organic granular fertilizer.

4. The pig manure biochar charcoal-based coated organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the organic granular fertilizer is 0.5mm-3mm.

5. The pig manure biochar charcoal-based coated organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pig manure biochar is prepared by the following method: fresh pig manure is dried to a moisture content of less than 10%, and then the pig manure is pyrolyzed for 30-45 minutes under nitrogen protection at 600-650° C. to obtain the biochar.

6. The pig manure biochar charcoal-based coated organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adhesive is oxidized starch.

7. The pig manure biochar charcoal-based coated organic fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The oxidized starch is prepared by the following method: dissolving starch in deionized water, heating to 55-65° C., then adding hydrogen peroxide solution thereto, stirring and mixing, adding copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide solution thereto under water bath conditions, heating and reacting for 0.5-1.5 hours, and obtaining the oxidized starch.

8. The method for preparing the pig manure biochar-based coated organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) dissolving oxidized starch and alginic acid in deionized water to prepare an oxidized starch solution and an alginic acid solution; (2) Under stirring conditions, the binder solution and the alginic acid solution are sprayed on the surface of the organic granular fertilizer, and then the pig manure biochar powder is sprinkled on the surface of the organic granular fertilizer, mixed, and then the paraffin is heated and melted and sprayed on the surface of the organic granular fertilizer, and cooled to obtain the product.

9. The method for preparing the pig manure biochar charcoal-based coated organic fertilizer according to claim 8, characterized in that: The stirring speed in step (2) is 50-70 r / min.

10. Use of the pig manure biochar-based coated organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 9 as a soil conditioner for acidic purple soil.