Method for improving properties of soil in alpine gobi area

Abstract

The invention discloses a high and cold gobi area soil attribute improvement method, which belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and is realized through five steps of sampling analysis, improvement and allocation, sowing, rotary tillage and water spraying. According to the improvement method, the pH value, salinization and organic matter content of the soil in the high and cold gobi area are effectively improved by reasonably blending the materials such as the organic fertilizer and the mineral soil conditioner, and the sustainability of the soil is enhanced. The improved soil not only can support current crop growth, but also provides a more stable and long-term basis for future agricultural production. By improving the soil fertility, the crop yield and the growth quality, the improved soil brings higher economic benefits to farmers. According to the method, by adjusting the pH value and reducing the salinity of the soil, the biological availability of the soil is improved, the soil salinization process is effectively restrained, the long-term negative influence of salinization on agricultural production is avoided, and soil health can be kept.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular to a method for improving soil properties in a high-cold Gobi region. Background Art

[0002] The Gobi Desert is one of the world's largest deserts and semi-deserts. Gobi soil refers to desert areas where the ground is almost covered with coarse sand and gravel and plants are sparse. Alpine Gobi soil refers to designated areas with high altitudes and low temperatures. The soil vegetation growth capacity of alpine Gobi soil is weak, and the soil properties need to be improved. However, the soil properties of different regions are slightly different. If the improvement is carried out directly, the improvement effect is average.

[0003] At present, the technical methods for soil improvement in alpine Gobi areas are mainly concentrated in the following aspects: ① Application of organic fertilizer: Organic fertilizer can effectively improve soil fertility, increase soil organic matter content, and increase soil water retention and air permeability. However, due to the lack of sufficient organic resources in the high-altitude Gobi region, the effect of using organic fertilizer alone is limited.

[0004] ②Application of mineral soil conditioners: Mineral soil conditioners such as lime powder and sulfur can improve soil bioavailability by adjusting soil pH, improving salinization problems. However, the use of these mineral conditioners requires strict proportioning and control, and excessive use may cause new problems for soil and crops.

[0005] ③Improvement of irrigation system: Improve soil water supply through sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation and other technologies to avoid water loss and excessive soil drought. However, water resources in the high-altitude Gobi region are already scarce, the supply of irrigation water is often limited, and the construction and maintenance costs of the irrigation system are high.

[0006] ④ Mechanized tillage: Mechanized tillage tools such as rotary tillers are used to improve soil in the high-altitude Gobi region, which can loosen the soil and improve soil structure. However, the implementation effect of traditional mechanized tillage technology is limited and it is difficult to meet the needs of large-scale and efficient improvement.

[0007] Although the existing technologies have played a role in improving soil in the high-altitude Gobi region to a certain extent, there are still some obvious limitations, such as insufficiently sustained improvement effects, low resource utilization efficiency, and high costs. In particular, the comprehensive effects of existing technologies are often limited in terms of improving soil fertility, regulating soil moisture, and addressing salinization issues. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can efficiently and continuously improve soil performance under the conditions of the high-altitude Gobi region. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving soil properties in high-altitude Gobi areas to solve the problems raised in the background technology.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method for improving soil properties in a high-cold Gobi region comprises the following steps: 1) Sampling and analysis: Soil samples were collected from multiple alpine Gobi regions, and remote sensing scans of soil properties were performed using drones equipped with high-resolution sensors. The scanning range reached 2 to 5 kilometers, with the drones flying at an altitude of 100 to 200 meters and a speed of 20 to 30 kilometers per hour to ensure comprehensive soil information collection; 2) Improvement and blending: Based on the analysis results of the soil in the alpine Gobi region, targeted improvement materials are blended, and the ingredients are blended using the IoT intelligent system. The soil composition changes are monitored in real time, and the material ratio is adjusted through the automation system to ensure that the ratio accuracy of the soil improvement materials is ±1%. A high-speed mixer is used for mixing to ensure that the material mixing uniformity is 90% to 95%; 3) Spreading: Evenly spread the improved materials on the soil in the alpine Gobi region; 4) Rotary tillage: The soil in the high-cold Gobi region where the improved materials have been spread is rotary tilled using a rotary tiller. The sensor is connected to the data acquisition module and the data is transmitted to the main control system of the rotary tiller through serial communication. The main control system in the rotary tiller processes the sensor data in real time. The adjustable depth range is 20 to 40 cm, and the soil moisture sensor monitoring range is 0% to 50%. 5) Water spraying: After rotary tillage, the soil in the high-cold Gobi area is sprayed with water to moisten it. The multi-layer spray method is used to spray water mist of different particle sizes through different nozzles to ensure uniform water penetration. The spray volume per hectare is 15-20 tons. The water temperature control range: the water spray temperature can be adjusted in the range of 10℃~25℃, and the temperature control accuracy is ±2℃.

[0010] Furthermore, the sampling areas for the sampling analysis are set to be scattered, and then targeted comprehensive analysis is conducted on the soil in multiple high-altitude Gobi areas.

[0011] Furthermore, the sampling and analysis performs multiple operations on the soil in the alpine Gobi region before analysis, and the multiple operations are pre-filtration, crushing, and re-filtration, which indirectly improves the accuracy of subsequent analysis.

[0012] Furthermore, the pre-filtration is to screen out hard blocks, rocks and stones of large particle size to avoid affecting the accuracy and safety of subsequent analysis, the crushing is to finely crush the soil under the pre-filtration screen, and the re-filtration is to re-filter the crushed soil to obtain fine soil.

[0013] Furthermore, the soil depth of the rotary tillage is set to 30-40 cm, and the rotary tiller of the rotary tillage is also capable of leveling the soil in the high-altitude Gobi region.

[0014] Furthermore, the form of the improved material is set to be any one of solid material and liquid material, and the soil in the alpine Gobi region is set to be any one of flat land and sloping land.

[0015] Furthermore, the water spraying device is installed on the rear side of the rotary tiller.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects and advantages of the present invention are as follows: 1) After soil improvement, the cold-resistant crops planted showed good growth, with well-developed root systems and green and healthy leaves, showing strong cold and drought resistance. Compared with the unimproved control group, the growth height of the crops increased by 30%-40%, showing a significant growth promotion effect; the yield of crops planted in the improved soil increased by 25%. This is because the fertility of the improved soil is enhanced, the water retention capacity is improved, the salinization problem is alleviated, and the crops can fully absorb nutrients and water in the soil, thereby increasing the yield of the crops.

[0017] 2) The improvement method of the present invention effectively improves the pH, salinization and organic matter content of the soil in the high-altitude Gobi region by rationally mixing organic fertilizers, mineral soil conditioners and other materials, thereby enhancing the sustainability of the soil. The improved soil can not only support the current crop growth, but also provide a more stable and long-term foundation for future agricultural production. By improving soil fertility, crop yield and growth quality, the improved soil brings higher economic benefits to farmers.

[0018] 3) The method of the present invention not only improves the bioavailability of the soil by adjusting the pH value and reducing the soil salinity, but also effectively curbs the process of soil salinization, avoids the long-term negative impact of salinization on agricultural production, and is conducive to maintaining soil health. Through the efficient water management of the spray system, the evaporation and loss of water are effectively reduced, and the efficiency of water resource utilization is improved. The improved soil can retain more water under drought conditions, which helps to reduce the amount of irrigation water. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic flow chart of a method for improving soil properties in alpine Gobi regions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In the following description, a large number of specific details are provided to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented without one or more of these details. In other examples, in order to avoid confusion with the present invention, some technical features well known in the art are not described. Example

[0021] A specific implementation method of a method for improving soil properties in high-altitude Gobi areas is as follows: 1. Sampling and analysis 1) Selection of sampling area The sampling area selects multi-point, scattered distribution of high-cold Gobi soil to ensure coverage of different types and characteristics of soil. The sampling range is 2-5 kilometers. In order to accurately analyze the soil properties, a drone equipped with a high-resolution sensor is used to conduct remote sensing scanning of the sampling area. The drone's flight altitude is set to 100-200 meters, and the flight speed is controlled at 20-30 kilometers per hour. These flight parameters ensure that soil information is collected comprehensively and accurately. Remote sensing scanning data includes soil moisture, temperature, salinity, pH value and other information, and a comprehensive analysis of soil properties is conducted based on these data.

[0022] 2) Soil sample collection and pretreatment The collected soil samples are pre-filtered, crushed, and re-filtered before analysis. Pre-filtering removes large-sized rocks and hard soil blocks to avoid affecting the accuracy and safety of the analysis; the crushing step finely crushes the soil under the sieve to ensure uniform soil particles; the re-filtering step filters the soil through a finer sieve to obtain a more uniform and delicate soil sample, providing a high-precision sample for subsequent soil composition analysis.

[0023] 3) Soil composition analysis After the sample processing is completed, the soil composition is analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. The analysis content includes but is not limited to the soil nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content), pH value, salinity, soil structure, etc. The analysis results will provide a basis for subsequent improvement and deployment.

[0024] 2. Improved deployment 1) Improve material selection and proportion According to the sampling and analysis results, appropriate improvement materials are selected for mixing. Improvement materials usually include organic fertilizers, mineral soil conditioners, improvement liquids, etc. According to the characteristics of the soil in the high-altitude Gobi region (such as salinization, low fertility, and insufficient humidity), appropriate materials are selected for mixing, and the changes in soil composition are monitored in real time through the IoT intelligent system to ensure that the mixed materials achieve the desired effect.

[0025] 2) Batching accuracy and mixing uniformity The batching process uses an automated control system to ensure that the ratio accuracy of soil improvement materials is ±1%. A high-speed mixer is used for mixing, and the mixing uniformity during the mixing process must reach 90%-95% to ensure that the improved materials are evenly distributed and do not affect the original structure of the soil.

[0026] 3. Spreading and rotary tillage 1) Spreading improved materials The proportioned and mixed improved materials are evenly spread on the soil surface in the high-altitude Gobi region. Mechanized equipment is used in the spreading process to ensure the uniformity of the improved materials and make appropriate adjustments according to the soil type (flat or sloping land).

[0027] 2) Rotary tillage After the improved material is spread, the soil is deeply tilled using a rotary tiller. The tillage depth is set to 20-40 cm to ensure that the improved material penetrates deeply into the soil and is fully mixed with the soil. The rotary tiller is equipped with sensors for real-time monitoring of soil moisture, temperature and other data. The sensor data is transmitted to the main control system of the rotary tiller through serial communication for processing. The rotary tiller can adjust the tillage depth according to real-time data to ensure that the soil is tilled at the ideal depth.

[0028] 3) Leveling and soil density adjustment The rotary tiller also has a leveling function, which can level the soil surface and avoid uneven distribution of water and improvement materials due to uneven soil.

[0029] 4. Spray water to moisten 1) Water spraying equipment and water volume control The soil in the high-cold Gobi region is sprayed with water to moisten it after rotary tillage. The water spraying equipment is installed on the back of the rotary tiller. It uses a multi-layer spray system and combines different nozzles to spray water mist of different particle sizes to ensure uniform water penetration. The water spraying volume is set at 15-20 tons per hectare, and the water spraying temperature can be adjusted from 10℃ to 25℃. The temperature control accuracy is controlled at ±2℃. By adjusting the water temperature, the soil moisture changes too quickly to affect the soil structure. 2) Watering effect and soil moisture level After water is sprayed, the soil moisture level is monitored in real time through the soil moisture sensor to ensure that the soil moisture remains within an appropriate range and to avoid soil salinity problems caused by excessive moisture.

[0030] Experimental example The experiment selected a high-altitude Gobi area with an area of ​​about 5 square kilometers, including two soil types: flat land and sloping land.

[0031] Experimental steps: 1. Sampling and analysis 1) Soil sampling: Multiple sampling points were randomly selected in the experimental area, with a relatively scattered distribution and a distance of about 500 meters between each sampling point. At least 10 kg of soil samples were collected at each sampling point. The sampling depth was 0-30 cm to ensure that the overall properties of the soil in the area could be represented.

[0032] 2) UAV remote sensing scanning: Use drones equipped with high-resolution sensors to conduct remote sensing scanning of the sampling area, with a scanning range of 2-5 kilometers, a flight altitude of 100-200 meters, and a flight speed of 20-30 kilometers per hour. The remote sensing data collected by the drone include soil moisture, temperature, salinity, and pH parameters.

[0033] 3) Soil pretreatment and analysis The collected soil samples are first processed by the following steps: ① Pre-filtration: Screen out large-sized rocks, hard soil blocks and other impurities to ensure the purity of the sample.

[0034] ②Crushing: Finely crush the filtered soil to ensure uniform soil particles.

[0035] ③ Re-filtration: Re-filter the crushed soil to obtain a more detailed soil sample.

[0036] Soil samples are sent to the laboratory for composition analysis, which includes: ① pH value: measure the acidity and alkalinity of the soil.

[0037] ②Salt: Determine the degree of soil salinization.

[0038] ③Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content: analyze the main nutrients in the soil.

[0039] ④Organic matter content: Determine the organic matter content of the soil.

[0040] ⑤Soil moisture: analyze the water content of the soil.

[0041] 2. Improved deployment 1) Improved material selection Based on the soil analysis results, the following amendment materials were selected: Organic fertilizer: rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which can improve soil fertility.

[0042] Mineral soil conditioners: such as lime powder, used to reduce soil salinity and adjust soil pH.

[0043] Organic liquid fertilizer: Applied through the irrigation system, it can quickly increase the organic matter content of the soil.

[0044] According to the analysis data, set the material ratio: Organic fertilizer: 10 tons / hectare; lime powder: 2 tons / hectare; liquid fertilizer: 5 tons / hectare.

[0045] 2) Ingredients and mixing The proportion of soil improvement materials is monitored in real time through the control of the IoT intelligent system. A high-speed mixer is used for mixing to ensure the uniformity of the improved materials. The uniformity of material mixing reaches 90%-95%.

[0046] 3. Spreading and rotary tillage 1) Spreading improved materials Spread the mixed improved material evenly on the soil surface of the experimental area. Use special spreading equipment during the spreading process to ensure uniform coverage of the material.

[0047] 2) Rotary tillage The soil is deeply tilled using a rotary tiller, with the tillage depth set to 30 cm. The rotary tiller monitors soil moisture and temperature in real time through built-in sensors, and adjusts the tillage depth according to the soil state. The tillage depth is 30-40 cm, and the soil surface uniformity after rotary tillage reaches 80%-90%.

[0048] 3) Soil leveling: The rotary tiller also has a leveling function, which can level the soil surface and avoid uneven distribution of moisture and improvement materials.

[0049] 4. Spray water to moisten 1) Water spraying equipment and control After rotary tillage, the soil is sprayed with water using a multi-layer spray system. The spray system is installed on the rear side of the rotary tiller and the spraying amount is controlled to 15-20 tons per hectare. The water temperature is adjusted according to the soil moisture and temperature to ensure uniform water penetration. The water spraying amount is 15-20 tons per hectare, the water spraying temperature is 20℃, the temperature control accuracy is ±2℃, and the water spraying method is sprayed through nozzles of different particle sizes to ensure uniform water penetration.

[0050] 2) Water spraying effect and wetness After watering, the soil moisture sensor is used to monitor the change of soil moisture. Experimental data shows that the soil moisture increases to 30%-40% after watering, ensuring that the soil has good water retention capacity.

[0051] The specific experimental data are shown in Table 1: project pH Soil salinity Nitrogen content Phosphorus content Potassium content Organic matter content Soil moisture Before the experiment 7.8 12% 0.15% 0.05% 0.18% 0.6% 10% After the experiment 6.5 6% 0.3% 0.12% 0.25% 2% 35% As can be seen from Table 1, the pH value dropped from 7.8, which improved salinization, significantly reduced soil salinity, increased nitrogen content by 50%, phosphorus content by 140%, potassium content by 39%, significantly increased organic matter content, significantly increased soil moisture, and achieved significant economic benefits.

[0052] Soil improvement effect: After soil improvement, the soil's water retention capacity is greatly improved, salinization is effectively alleviated, and soil fertility is significantly improved. The improved soil can better support the growth of crops.

[0053] Crop growth: Cold-resistant crops (such as barley and oats) were planted on the improved soil. After a two-month growth cycle, the crops grew well, with well-developed root systems and lush green leaves. Compared with the unimproved control group, the crop height increased by 30%-40% and the yield increased by 25%.

[0054] Through the above experiments, the soil property improvement method in the alpine Gobi region was used to successfully improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The soil pH value, salt content, fertility and other aspects have been significantly improved, providing a feasible solution for agricultural production in the alpine Gobi region. The improved soil not only improves the growth environment of crops, but also provides strong support for future large-scale agricultural applications.

[0055] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for improving soil properties in high-cold Gobi areas, characterized in that The steps include: 1) Sampling and analysis: Soil samples were collected from multiple alpine Gobi regions, and remote sensing scans of soil properties were performed using drones equipped with high-resolution sensors. The scanning range reached 2 to 5 kilometers, with the drones flying at an altitude of 100 to 200 meters and a speed of 20 to 30 kilometers per hour to ensure comprehensive soil information collection; 2) Improvement and blending: Based on the analysis results of the soil in the alpine Gobi region, targeted improvement materials are blended, and the ingredients are blended using the IoT intelligent system. The soil composition changes are monitored in real time, and the material ratio is adjusted through the automation system to ensure that the ratio accuracy of the soil improvement materials is ±1%. A high-speed mixer is used for mixing to ensure that the material mixing uniformity is 90% to 95%; 3) Spreading: Evenly spread the improved materials on the soil in the alpine Gobi region; 4) Rotary tillage: The soil in the high-cold Gobi region where the improved materials have been spread is rotary tilled using a rotary tiller. The sensor is connected to the data acquisition module and the data is transmitted to the main control system of the rotary tiller through serial communication. The main control system in the rotary tiller processes the sensor data in real time. The adjustable depth range is 20 to 40 cm, and the soil moisture sensor monitoring range is 0% to 50%. 5) Water spraying: After rotary tillage, the soil in the high-cold Gobi area is sprayed with water to moisten it. The multi-layer spray method is used to spray water mist of different particle sizes through different nozzles to ensure uniform water penetration. The spray volume per hectare is 15-20 tons. The water temperature control range: the water spray temperature can be adjusted in the range of 10℃~25℃, and the temperature control accuracy is ±2℃.

2. The method for improving soil properties in alpine Gobi areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling areas for the sampling analysis are set to be scattered, and then targeted comprehensive analysis is conducted on the soil in multiple high-altitude and cold Gobi areas.

3. The method for improving soil properties in alpine Gobi areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling analysis performs multiple operations on the soil in the high-altitude Gobi region before analysis, and the multiple operations are pre-filtration, crushing, and re-filtration, which indirectly improves the accuracy of subsequent analysis.

4. The method for improving soil properties in alpine Gobi areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pre-filtration is to screen out hard blocks, rocks and stones with large particle sizes to avoid affecting the accuracy and safety of subsequent analysis. The crushing is to finely crush the soil under the pre-filtration screen. The re-filtration is to re-filter the crushed soil to obtain fine soil.

5. The method for improving soil properties in alpine Gobi areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil depth of the rotary tillage is set to 30-40 cm, and the rotary tiller of the rotary tillage is also capable of leveling the soil in the high-altitude Gobi region.

6. The method for improving soil properties in alpine Gobi areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The form of the improved material is set to be any one of solid material and liquid material, and the soil in the alpine Gobi region is set to be any one of flat land and sloping land.

7. The method for improving soil properties in alpine Gobi areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water spraying device is installed on the rear side of the rotary tiller.

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