Sustainable lead-free aviation gasoline fuel composition and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of gasoline, particularly to a sustainable lead-free aviation gasoline fuel composition, which comprises the following components by volume: 5-20 parts of toluene; 10 to 25 parts of xylene; 5 to 10 parts of aniline; 20-55 parts of an alkane mixture; 5-15 parts of sustainable aviation fuel; and 2-5 parts of fuel ethanol. The method for preparing the sustainable lead-free aviation gasoline fuel composition comprises the following steps: firstly mixing a mixture of toluene, xylene and alkane and sustainable aviation fuel, then adding aniline and fuel ethanol, and stirring for 1 hour to complete mixing of the lead-free aviation gasoline fuel composition. The lead-free aviation gasoline fuel composition has the characteristics of high octane number, low sulfur content, low oxygen content and the like, and all the components are generated in a sustainable production mode, so that the burden of wastes on the environment is reduced, and the influence of carbon emission on the environment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gasoline, and in particular to a sustainable unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Aviation gasoline is a fuel specifically designed for spark-ignition aircraft engines, unlike automotive gasoline. Since the 1970s, automotive gasoline has been converted to an unleaded formula suitable for use with a three-way catalytic converter to reduce pollution. Although automotive gasoline is lead-free, it has a low octane number and is prone to evaporation, leading to problems such as vapor lock and fuel pump cavitation. It is not suitable for use at high altitudes and is therefore not suitable for aircraft engines. Aviation fuel must meet international standards such as ASTM D910, and many high-performance or turbocharged engines require fuel with an octane number of 100. In order to prevent engine knock during high-load operation and increase the octane number in aviation gasoline, the existing aviation gasoline fuel can be adjusted with no more than 0.53 mL / L of tetraethyl lead to meet the octane number requirements of aviation gasoline.

[0003] However, tetraethyl lead is a non-biodegradable toxic substance. Due to its harm to the environment and health, many countries are gradually reducing or even banning the use of lead additives, so eliminating the lead content in aviation fuel has become an important goal. An unleaded aviation gasoline component is now needed to meet the high octane and lead-free requirements of modern aircraft engines. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the demand for high octane number and lead-free of unleaded aviation fuel, a sustainable unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition and a preparation method thereof are provided, which can meet the demand of modern aviation engines for high octane number and lead-free of aviation fuel.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, the following technical solutions are provided: A sustainable unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition comprises the following components in volume ratio: Toluene 5-20 parts; 10-25 parts of xylene; Aniline 5-10 parts; Alkane mixture 20-55 parts; 5-15 parts of sustainable aviation fuel; 2-5 parts of fuel ethanol.

[0006] Preferably, the toluene and xylene are directly obtained by degrading waste plastic polystyrene. When polystyrene is pyrolyzed at high temperature, it will decompose to produce aromatic compounds, including xylene, toluene, benzene and styrene monomers. Aniline is obtained by amination of benzene.

[0007] Preferably, in the process of degrading waste plastic polystyrene, the temperature is controlled between 400-500° C. to obtain a high toluene yield in the product, and the product after pyrolysis is distilled to obtain toluene.

[0008] Preferably, in the process of degrading waste plastic polystyrene, the temperature is controlled between 500-600° C. to obtain a high yield of xylene in the product, and the product after pyrolysis is distilled to obtain xylene.

[0009] Preferably, in the process of degrading waste plastic polystyrene, the temperature is controlled between 300-400° C. to obtain a high yield of benzene in the product, and the product after pyrolysis is distilled to obtain benzene; Ammonia gas is introduced to aminize benzene to generate aniline; The reaction catalyst in the amination process is a metal oxide nickel oxide or cobalt oxide, and the reaction temperature is controlled at 200-300°C.

[0010] Preferably, the alkane mixture is a C5-C8 isomeric alkane combination; The C5-C8 isoparaffin composition is obtained by pyrolysis of waste plastic polyethylene or polypropylene and subsequent catalytic processing; The processing process is as follows: Pyrolysis at 400–500 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere produces a low molecular weight hydrocarbon gas mixture, mainly including alkanes, olefins and aromatics; The obtained hydrocarbon mixed gas is subjected to segmented condensation to extract C5-C8 light hydrocarbon composition, and the light hydrocarbon composition is first converted into saturated alkanes under the action of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst palladium-platinum catalyst; The obtained saturated alkanes are isomerized under the action of an acidic catalyst, aluminum chloride, so that the straight-chain alkanes are converted into branched-chain alkanes to generate a C5-C8 isomeric alkanes composition.

[0011] Preferably, the sustainable aviation fuel is obtained by hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerization of waste oils and fats; The process of waste oil hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerization is as follows: Waste oil is hydrodeoxygenated at 300-400°C and 5-10Mpa to obtain saturated straight-chain alkanes, and the catalyst is a palladium-platinum catalyst supported on alumina; Saturated straight-chain alkanes are hydroisomerized at a temperature of 350-450°C and a pressure of 5-10Mpa to obtain sustainable aviation fuel. The catalyst used is a platinum catalyst supported on aluminum fluoride and chloride.

[0012] Preferably, the fuel ethanol is obtained by microbial fermentation of forestry or agricultural waste; The process of obtaining ethanol from microbial fermentation of forestry or agricultural waste is as follows: Forestry or agricultural waste is first converted into sugar by enzymatic hydrolysis. Then, under the action of yeast, the sugar is converted into a mixture containing ethanol. After fermentation is completed, the ethanol-containing mixture is separated by distillation to obtain fuel ethanol.

[0013] The method for preparing a sustainable unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition comprises the following steps: firstly mixing toluene, xylene and an alkane mixture, and a sustainable aviation fuel, then adding aniline and fuel ethanol, and stirring for 1 hour to complete the mixing of the unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition.

[0014] Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1. Obtaining toluene, xylene and aniline through pyrolysis of waste plastics is a sustainable way to effectively utilize waste resources and reduce dependence on oil.

[0015] Toluene is a high-octane aromatic hydrocarbon. Its addition can increase the octane number of gasoline, thereby improving the fuel's anti-knock performance. In addition, toluene has a high combustion calorific value, which can increase the overall energy density of aviation gasoline and improve the power of the aircraft. Toluene is not very volatile, and to a certain extent, it controls the evaporation of the fuel, thereby improving the thermal stability of aviation gasoline.

[0016] Xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon with a high octane number. Its addition can increase the octane number of gasoline, thereby enhancing the fuel's anti-knock performance. Especially in high-compression ratio engines, this addition helps reduce the risk of knock and improve engine performance. Xylene has a higher calorific value than toluene and releases more energy during the combustion process, thereby increasing the engine's power output. Xylene is slightly less volatile than toluene, so adding xylene can also help aviation gasoline reduce evaporation losses and ensure fuel stability. Although xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon, its appropriate use helps optimize the combustion process and reduce carbon monoxide emissions, thereby reducing the impact of emissions on the environment.

[0017] The main function of aniline in aviation gasoline is as an anti-knock agent. Aniline absorbs part of the heat released by combustion, making the combustion process smoother, thereby reducing the knock phenomenon during combustion. In addition, the chemical structure of aniline makes it release energy relatively slowly during combustion, which plays an important role in the smooth operation of the engine. Aniline is easily miscible with aviation gasoline and does not affect the performance of aviation gasoline.

[0018] 2. Through the pyrolysis of waste plastics and subsequent catalytic processing to obtain an alkane mixture, this method converts waste plastics into valuable aviation fuel while reducing the burden of plastic waste on the environment.

[0019] Alkane mixture is a mixture of C5-C8 isoparaffins, which has good combustion characteristics, can evaporate and ignite quickly, especially in low temperature environment, which is conducive to cold start of the engine. Compared with olefins and aromatics, isoparaffins have better chemical stability and are not easy to oxidize and generate colloids during storage and transportation, thus extending the shelf life of gasoline and reducing the risk of sediment and blockage in the oil system.

[0020] 3. By converting waste oil into sustainable aviation fuel, waste oil is prevented from returning to the dining table. At the same time, its strong carbon dioxide emission reduction capacity can significantly reduce the overall carbon footprint and help the aviation gasoline fuel industry achieve lower greenhouse gas emission standards.

[0021] Sustainable aviation fuel has a higher octane number, which can improve the fuel's anti-knock performance, which is particularly beneficial for aviation gasoline engines with high compression ratios. In addition, sustainable aviation fuel has excellent low-temperature fluidity, which can improve the ignition and combustion performance of gasoline and reduce incomplete combustion during cold starts.

[0022] 4. The fuel ethanol in the present invention is produced by plant fermentation, which can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve the renewable nature of energy. Fuel ethanol can increase the oxygen content of the fuel, promote complete combustion, and help reduce the emission of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons.

[0023] 5. The unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition of the present invention has the characteristics of high octane number, low sulfur content, low oxygen content, etc., and each component is produced in a sustainable production manner, reducing the burden of waste on the environment and reducing the impact of carbon emissions on the environment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements may be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] A sustainable unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition comprises the following components in volume ratio: Toluene 5-20 parts; 10-25 parts of xylene; Aniline 5-10 parts; Alkane mixture 20-55 parts; 5-15 parts of sustainable aviation fuel; 2-5 parts of fuel ethanol.

[0026] Toluene and xylene are directly obtained by degrading waste plastic polystyrene. When polystyrene is pyrolyzed at high temperature, it will decompose to produce aromatic compounds, including xylene, toluene, benzene and styrene monomers. Aniline is obtained by amination of benzene. In the process of degrading waste plastic polystyrene, the yield of toluene in the product obtained by controlling the temperature between 400-500°C is high, and the product after pyrolysis is distilled to obtain toluene. In the process of degrading waste plastic polystyrene, the yield of xylene in the product obtained by controlling the temperature between 500-600°C is high, and the product after pyrolysis is distilled to obtain xylene. In the process of degrading waste plastic polystyrene, the yield of benzene in the product obtained by controlling the temperature between 300-400°C is high, and the product after pyrolysis is distilled to obtain benzene; ammonia is introduced to aminate benzene to generate aniline; the reaction catalyst in the amination process is a metal oxide nickel oxide (NiO) or cobalt oxide (CoO), and the reaction temperature is controlled at 200-300°C.

[0027] The alkane mixture is a combination of C5-C8 isoalkane; the C5-C8 isoalkane composition is obtained by pyrolysis of waste plastic polyethylene or polypropylene and subsequent catalytic processing; the processing process is as follows: pyrolysis is carried out at 400-500°C in a nitrogen atmosphere to form a low molecular weight hydrocarbon mixed gas, mainly including alkanes, olefins and aromatics; the obtained hydrocarbon mixed gas is subjected to segmented condensation to extract a C5-C8 light hydrocarbon composition, and the light hydrocarbon composition is first converted into saturated alkanes under the action of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst palladium-platinum catalyst; the obtained saturated alkanes are isomerized under the action of an acidic catalyst aluminum chloride to convert straight-chain alkanes into branched alkanes to generate a C5-C8 isoalkane composition.

[0028] Sustainable aviation fuel is obtained by hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerization of waste oils and fats; the process of hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerization of waste oils and fats is as follows: waste oils and fats are hydrodeoxygenated at a temperature of 300-400°C and a pressure of 5-10Mpa to obtain saturated straight-chain alkanes, and the catalyst is a palladium-platinum catalyst supported on alumina; saturated straight-chain alkanes are hydroisomerized at a temperature of 350-450°C and a pressure of 5-10Mpa to obtain sustainable aviation fuel, and the catalyst used is a platinum catalyst supported on aluminum fluoride and chloride.

[0029] Fuel ethanol is obtained through microbial fermentation of forestry or agricultural waste; the process of obtaining ethanol through microbial fermentation of forestry or agricultural waste is as follows: forestry or agricultural waste is first converted into sugar by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose; then, under the action of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the sugar is converted into a mixture containing ethanol; after the fermentation is completed, the mixture containing ethanol is separated by distillation to obtain fuel ethanol.

[0030] The method for preparing a sustainable unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition comprises the following steps: firstly mixing toluene, xylene and an alkane mixture and a sustainable aviation fuel, then adding aniline and fuel ethanol, stirring for 1 hour, and completing the mixing of the unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition; aniline is a polar organic substance, which has a weak solubility in alkanes but a strong solubility in benzene organic substances; therefore, the benzene organic substance is first mixed with the alkane mixture, and then adding aniline and fuel ethanol, stirring, and avoiding the precipitation of aniline.

[0031] The unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition of the present invention has the characteristics of high octane number, low sulfur content, low oxygen content and the like.

[0032] Obtaining toluene, xylene and aniline through pyrolysis of waste plastics is a sustainable way to effectively utilize waste resources and reduce dependence on oil. Toluene (octane number is about 114) is a high-octane aromatic hydrocarbon. Its addition can increase the octane number of gasoline, thereby improving the fuel's anti-knock performance. In addition, toluene has a high combustion calorific value, which can increase the overall energy density of aviation gasoline and increase the power of the aircraft. Toluene is not very volatile, which controls the evaporation of the fuel to a certain extent, thereby improving the thermal stability of aviation gasoline. Xylene (octane number is around 110) is an aromatic hydrocarbon with a high octane number. Its addition can increase the octane number of gasoline, thereby enhancing the fuel's anti-knock performance. Especially in high-compression ratio engines, this addition helps reduce the risk of knock and improve engine performance. Xylene has a higher calorific value than toluene, and releases more energy during combustion, thereby increasing the engine's power output. Xylene is slightly less volatile than toluene, so adding xylene can also help aviation gasoline reduce evaporation losses and ensure fuel stability. Although xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon, its proper use helps optimize the combustion process and reduce carbon monoxide emissions, thereby reducing the impact of emissions on the environment. The main role of aniline in aviation gasoline is as an anti-knock agent. Aniline absorbs part of the heat released by combustion, making the combustion process smoother, thereby reducing the knock phenomenon during combustion. In addition, the chemical structure of aniline makes it release energy relatively slowly during combustion, which plays an important role in the smooth operation of the engine. Aniline is easily miscible with aviation gasoline and does not affect the performance of aviation gasoline.

[0033] This method converts waste plastics into valuable aviation fuels by pyrolyzing and subsequently catalytically processing the resulting alkane mixture. This method also reduces the environmental burden of plastic waste. The alkane mixture is a C5-C8 isoalkane mixture, which has good combustion characteristics and can evaporate and ignite quickly, especially in low-temperature environments, which is beneficial for cold start of the engine. Compared with olefins and aromatics, isoalkanes have better chemical stability and are not easily oxidized and form gums during storage and transportation, thereby extending the shelf life of gasoline and reducing the risk of sediment and blockage in the oil system.

[0034] By converting waste oil into sustainable aviation fuel, waste oil is prevented from returning to the dining table. At the same time, its strong ability to reduce carbon dioxide emissions can significantly reduce the overall carbon footprint and help the aviation gasoline fuel industry achieve lower greenhouse gas emission standards. Sustainable aviation fuel has a higher octane number, which can improve the fuel's anti-knock properties, which is especially beneficial for aviation gasoline engines with high compression ratios. In addition, sustainable aviation fuel has excellent low-temperature fluidity, which can improve the ignition and combustion performance of gasoline and reduce incomplete combustion during cold starts.

[0035] The fuel ethanol in the present invention is produced by plant fermentation, which can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve the renewable nature of energy. The fuel ethanol can increase the oxygen content of the fuel, promote complete combustion, and help reduce the emission of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons.

[0036] The unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition of the present invention has the characteristics of high octane number, low sulfur content, low oxygen content, etc., and each component is produced in a sustainable production manner, reducing the burden of waste on the environment and reducing the impact of carbon emissions on the environment.

[0037] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art may make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sustainable unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition, characterized in that: The aviation gasoline fuel composition includes the following components in volume ratio: Toluene 5-20 parts; 10-25 parts of xylene; Aniline 5-10 parts; Alkane mixture 20-55 parts; 5-15 parts of sustainable aviation fuel; 2-5 parts of fuel ethanol.

2. A sustainable unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The toluene and xylene are both directly obtained by degrading waste plastic polystyrene. When polystyrene is pyrolyzed at high temperature, it will decompose to produce aromatic compounds, including xylene, toluene, benzene and styrene monomers. Aniline is obtained by amination of benzene.

3. A sustainable unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the process of degrading waste plastic polystyrene, the toluene yield in the product obtained by controlling the temperature between 400-500°C is high, and the product after pyrolysis is distilled to obtain toluene.

4. A sustainable unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the process of degrading waste plastic polystyrene, the temperature is controlled between 500-600°C to obtain a high yield of xylene in the product, and the product after pyrolysis is distilled to obtain xylene.

5. A sustainable unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the process of degrading waste plastic polystyrene, the temperature is controlled between 300-400℃ to obtain a high yield of benzene in the product, and the product after pyrolysis is distilled to obtain benzene; Ammonia gas is introduced to aminize benzene to generate aniline; The reaction catalyst in the amination process is a metal oxide nickel oxide or cobalt oxide, and the reaction temperature is controlled at 200-300°C.

6. A sustainable unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alkane mixture is a combination of C5-C8 isomeric alkanes; The C5-C8 isoparaffin composition is obtained by pyrolysis of waste plastic polyethylene or polypropylene and subsequent catalytic processing; The processing process is as follows: Pyrolysis at 400–500 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere produces a low molecular weight hydrocarbon gas mixture, mainly including alkanes, olefins and aromatics; The obtained hydrocarbon mixed gas is subjected to segmented condensation to extract C5-C8 light hydrocarbon composition, and the light hydrocarbon composition is first converted into saturated alkanes under the action of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst palladium-platinum catalyst; The obtained saturated alkanes are isomerized under the action of an acidic catalyst, aluminum chloride, so that the straight-chain alkanes are converted into branched-chain alkanes to generate a C5-C8 isomeric alkanes composition.

7. A sustainable unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sustainable aviation fuel is obtained by hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerization of waste oils and fats; The process of waste oil hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerization is as follows: Waste oil is hydrodeoxygenated at 300-400°C and 5-10Mpa to obtain saturated straight-chain alkanes, and the catalyst is a palladium-platinum catalyst supported on alumina; Saturated straight-chain alkanes are hydroisomerized at a temperature of 350-450°C and a pressure of 5-10Mpa to obtain sustainable aviation fuel. The catalyst used is a platinum catalyst supported on aluminum fluoride and chloride.

8. A sustainable unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel ethanol is obtained by microbial fermentation of forestry or agricultural waste; The process of obtaining ethanol from microbial fermentation of forestry or agricultural waste is as follows: Forestry or agricultural waste is first converted into sugar by enzymatic hydrolysis. Then, under the action of yeast, the sugar is converted into a mixture containing ethanol. After fermentation is completed, the ethanol-containing mixture is separated by distillation to obtain fuel ethanol.

9. A method for preparing a sustainable unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Toluene, xylene, alkane mixture and sustainable aviation fuel are first mixed, and then aniline and fuel ethanol are added and stirred for 1 hour to complete the mixing of the unleaded aviation gasoline fuel composition.