Environment-friendly culture medium and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an environment-friendly culture medium and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of soilless culture. The environment-friendly culture medium comprises peat, vermiculite and perlite, and further comprises one of fermented fibers or a small-particle water-retaining agent. When the environment-friendly culture medium disclosed by the invention is applied to the cultivation of the azalea container seedlings, the dosage of required water and fertilizer is reduced, the growth of the azalea container seedlings can be effectively promoted, and the amount of the azalea is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soilless cultivation, and in particular relates to an environmentally friendly cultivation substrate and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of people's living standards, people's pursuit of beauty is becoming more and more prominent. Flowers play a mainstream role in improving people's quality of life and decorating the living environment. The expansion of flower planting area has led to a rapid increase in the use of cultivation substrates. As a plant with high ornamental value and strong adaptability, azaleas are widely used in landscaping and home potted plants. Azaleas have specific requirements for the pH, air permeability, water retention and nutrient content of the soil. Unsuitable soil conditions will directly affect the growth state and flowering effect of azaleas. Azaleas prefer acidic soils, and peat with a weakly acidic pH has become the largest substrate used in azalea cultivation; however, as a non-renewable natural resource, excessive exploitation of peat will lead to the destruction of the wetland environment.

[0003] With the enhancement of environmental awareness and the advancement of technology, the development of new environmentally friendly cultivation substrates has become a research hotspot in the field of horticulture. The market demand for environmentally friendly, healthy and sustainable horticultural products is growing. The roots of azaleas in the subgenus Azalea are mostly fibrous roots. During cultivation, they are sensitive to water demand and cannot be too dry or too wet. Especially under high temperature conditions in summer, they are prone to wilting due to lack of water or suffocation of roots due to excessive water. In container seedling production, it is generally necessary to sprinkle twice a day in summer. Studies have shown that in the production of fruit trees and bulbous flowers, water retaining agents can be added to the substrate to reduce the application of water and fertilizer, improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, and reduce emissions. Traditional cultivation substrates often cannot effectively meet the specific water needs of azaleas, and there are problems such as poor water retention and poor drainage, which not only affects the growth quality of azaleas, but also increases the waste of water resources. In view of this, it is particularly important to develop an environmentally friendly cultivation substrate that can not only meet the water needs of azaleas, but also achieve water-saving effects. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention aims to provide an environmentally friendly cultivation substrate and application thereof. The environmentally friendly cultivation substrate is applied in the cultivation of azalea container seedlings, which reduces the amount of water and fertilizer required, can effectively promote the growth of the azalea container seedlings, and increase the amount of azalea flowers.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The invention discloses an environmentally friendly cultivation substrate, which comprises peat, vermiculite and perlite.

[0006] Preferably, the cultivation substrate further comprises one of fermented fiber or small particle water retaining agent.

[0007] Preferably, the small particle water retaining agent is a highly absorbent resin with a particle size of 2 mm, and the main component is ammonium polyacrylate.

[0008] Preferably, the composition of the cultivation medium is peat: fermented fiber: vermiculite: perlite = 2: (0-2): 1: 1 in volume ratio, and the addition amount of the small particle water retaining agent is 0-5 g / L.

[0009] The present invention also provides application of the environmentally friendly cultivation matrix in the cultivation of azalea container seedlings, wherein the azalea container seedlings include but are not limited to Anku azalea, carnation and Hainan azalea.

[0010] Preferably, the volume ratio of the components of the cultivation medium used for cultivating Anku Rhododendron Carnation is peat: fermented fiber: vermiculite: perlite = 2:1:1:1.

[0011] Preferably, the volume ratio of the components of the cultivation medium used for cultivating Anku Rhododendron Carnation is peat: fermented fiber: vermiculite: perlite = 2:2:1:1.

[0012] Preferably, the volume ratio of the components of the cultivation medium used for cultivating Hainan Rhododendron is peat: vermiculite: perlite = 2:1:1, and the addition amount of the small particle water retaining agent is 5 g / L.

[0013] The present invention also provides a fermented fiber, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: S1. Select sun-dried, mold-free crop straw and crush it into straw particles with a particle size of 3-10 mm; S2, mixing the straw particles and cow dung obtained in step S1 with a fermentation agent to obtain a compost raw material; S3, fermenting the compost raw material obtained in step S2 in a fully enclosed intelligent fermentation chamber to obtain fermented fiber.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2 of the preparation method, the mass ratio of the straw particles, cow dung and fermentation agent is 620:379:1.

[0015] Preferably, in step S3 of the preparation method, the fermentation conditions of the fully enclosed intelligent fermentation bin are: placing the compost raw materials in a closed aerobic environment at 60-80° C. for 6-12 days.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: The present invention discloses an environmentally friendly cultivation matrix, which, with its unique formula and preparation method, brings significant technical effects to the cultivation of azalea container seedlings. First, the matrix is ​​based on a formula commonly used for azalea container seedlings, and by adding readily available small-particle water-retaining agents in proportion, it achieves the advantages of abundant resources and low prices, while simplifying the processing and preparation methods and enhancing its practicality. Secondly, the component selection and proportion of the matrix of the present invention are carefully designed to ensure that the pH value of the matrix is ​​weakly acidic and the EC value is moderate, effectively reducing the organic matter content, while increasing the content of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, increasing quick-acting nutrients and trace elements, and providing a good nutritional environment for plant growth.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the cultivation matrix of the present invention is particularly suitable for container seedling cultivation with high water requirements, and can effectively reduce the cost of the matrix, save water resources and reduce the use of fertilizers. In practical applications, the environmentally friendly cultivation matrix can significantly promote the growth of Hainan azalea container seedlings, increase the amount of flowers, and make the flower seedlings planted therein grow rapidly and perform excellently. It is specifically manifested in the high SPAD value of the leaves, rich chlorophyll content, strong photosynthesis ability, strong flower seedlings, and significantly improved flowering number. These effects not only improve the growth quality and ornamental value of the plants, but also bring about a dual improvement in economic benefits and environmental benefits for agricultural production.

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 A statistical chart showing the effect of the cultivation medium provided in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 on the total nitrogen content of Azalea 'Carnation'; Figure 2 A statistical chart showing the effect of the cultivation medium provided in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 on the phosphorus content of Azalea 'Carnation'; Figure 3 A statistical chart showing the effect of the cultivation medium provided in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 on the potassium content of Azalea 'Carnation'; Figure 4 A statistical graph showing the effect of the cultivation substrate provided in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 on the chlorophyll content (SPAD) of Azalea 'Carnation'; Figure 5 A statistical chart showing the effect of the cultivation medium provided in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 on the number of flowers of Azalea 'Carnation'; Figure 6 The flowering photos of Rhododendron 'Carnation' on the cultivation medium provided in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1, wherein: Figure 6 a in the figure is the flowering condition of comparative example 1, Figure 6 b in the figure is the flowering condition of Example 1, Figure 6 In c, the flowering condition of Example 2; Figure 7 A statistical chart showing the effect of the cultivation medium provided in Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 on the potassium content of Hainan Rhododendron; Figure 8 A statistical graph showing the effect of the cultivation medium provided in Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 on the chlorophyll content (SPAD) of Hainan Rhododendron; Fig. 9 A statistical diagram showing the effect of the cultivation medium provided in Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 on the maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv / Fm) of Rhododendron hainanensis; Fig.10 A statistical graph showing the average number of flowers of Hainan azaleas produced by the cultivation medium provided in Example 3 and Comparative Example 2; Fig.11 The photos of the flowering of Hainan azalea on the cultivation medium provided in Example 3 and Comparative Example 2, wherein: Fig.11 a in the figure is the flowering condition of comparative example 2, Fig.11 The b in the figure is the flowering situation of Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the common meanings understood by one having ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0022] The fermentation bacteria agent in the present invention is purchased from Beijing Zhongnong Fuyuan Group and is an organic material decomposition agent.

[0023] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, other test materials and instruments and equipment are conventional test materials in the art and can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0024] Example 1 This example provides an environmentally friendly cultivation matrix xw1, the components of which are peat: fermented fiber: vermiculite: perlite in a volume ratio of 2:1:1:1.

[0025] The method for preparing fermented fiber comprises the following steps: S1, select sun-dried, non-mildewed crop straw and crush it into straw particles with a particle size of 3 mm; S2, mixing the straw particles, cow dung and organic material composting agent obtained in step S1 in a mass ratio of 620:379:1 to obtain a compost raw material; S3, placing the compost raw material obtained in step S2 under a closed aerobic condition at 70° C. for 7 days, and fermenting it in a fully closed intelligent fermentation chamber to obtain fermented fiber.

[0026] Example 2 This example provides an environmentally friendly cultivation matrix xw2, the composition of which is peat: fermented fiber: vermiculite: perlite in a volume ratio of 2:2:1:1. The preparation method of the fermented fiber is the same as that of Example 1.

[0027] Example 3 This example provides an environmentally friendly cultivation matrix b1, the composition of the cultivation matrix is ​​peat: vermiculite: perlite = 2:1:1 in volume ratio, and the addition amount of small particle water retaining agent is 5 g / L.

[0028] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides an environmentally friendly cultivation matrix ck, the components of which are peat: vermiculite: perlite=2:1:1 in volume ratio.

[0029] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides an environmentally friendly cultivation matrix bck, the components of which are peat: vermiculite: perlite=2:1:1 in volume ratio.

[0030] The effects of the environmentally friendly cultivation substrates provided in the above-mentioned Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were verified by the following experiments.

[0031] Anku Rhododendron 'Carnation' was selected as the material to carry out plant potting experiments with different matrix formulas: During the dormant period, the plants of Rhododendron 'Carnation' with consistent growth were selected as experimental materials. Red pots with a diameter of 18 cm were selected, with one plant in each pot and 20 pots for each formula. Each group of seedlings was placed in an open-air nursery, and a 25% shading net was used from June to August to prevent the leaves from turning yellow.

[0032] 1. Growth index determination: 6-10 pots were randomly selected for investigation using the cultivation substrates provided in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1, and the determination was performed every 60 days. Mature leaves from the upper part of the azalea were collected, and the fresh weight of each formula was about 5 g. After drying, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were determined.

[0033] Total nitrogen test: According to GB 5009.5-2016 "National Food Safety Standard Determination of Protein in Food" Method 1: Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method. The principle is: the protein in the food is decomposed under catalytic heating conditions, and the ammonia produced combines with sulfuric acid to form ammonium sulfate. Alkalinization distillation frees the ammonia, which is absorbed with boric acid and titrated with sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid standard titration solution. The nitrogen content is calculated based on the acid consumption. The results are as follows: Figure 1 .

[0034] Determination of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K): Determination of phosphorus: Under a certain acidity, orthophosphoric acid in the digestion solution reacts with metavanadic acid and molybdic acid to generate a yellow ternary heteropoly acid. The phosphorus content is determined by colorimetry, namely, the vanadium molybdenum yellow absorption photometry. Or under a certain acidity, in the presence of trivalent antimony ions, the orthophosphoric acid in the digestion solution reacts with ammonium molybdate to generate a ternary heteropoly acid, which is reduced to phosphomolybdenum blue by ascorbic acid. The phosphorus content is determined by colorimetry, namely, the aluminum antimony anti-absorption photometry. Determination of potassium: Introduce the treated sample into the flame atomization system of the atomic absorption spectrophotometer to atomize the potassium ions. The ground state atoms of potassium absorb the resonance line emitted by the potassium hollow cathode lamp. The absorbance is measured at the resonance line of 766.5nm. The absorbance value is proportional to the potassium content and is compared and quantitatively compared with the standard series. The results are as follows: Figure 2-Figure 3 .

[0035] Determination of photosynthetic index: 6-10 pots were randomly selected for each formula for investigation. Every 15 days or so, the 3rd to 5th phenotypically healthy mature leaves at the top of the azalea were selected using PhotosynQ multispeQ (plant photosynthetic index meter) to measure and record their chlorophyll content (SPAD) to evaluate the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves of the azalea container seedlings. Each set of data was measured at least 5 times. The results are shown in the figure below. Figure 4 .

[0036] Flowering quantity statistics: From March 27th until the flowers are basically withered, count and record the total number of flowers and buds. Figure 5-6 .

[0037] The test results are as follows: Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that different substrate treatments have a certain effect on the total nitrogen content of azalea container seedlings. After wintering, the total nitrogen content of comparative example 1 (ck) remained almost unchanged, while the total nitrogen content of Example 1 and Example 2 (xw1, xw2) increased significantly. Nitrogen is one of the basic elements for plant growth and development. This result shows that the substrate treatment method used can effectively promote the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen in azalea during wintering.

[0038] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that after different substrate treatments, the phosphorus content of azalea container seedlings increased steadily. The phosphorus content of Example 1 and Example 2 (xw1, xw2) after November was all higher than that of Comparative Example 1 (ck). Phosphorus is one of the main nutrients necessary for plant growth. It participates in important physiological processes such as energy conversion, cell division and cell wall formation in plants. This result shows that the substrate treatment method used effectively promotes the absorption and accumulation of phosphorus by azalea container seedlings.

[0039] like Figure 3As shown in the figure, after different substrate treatments, the potassium content of azalea container seedlings increased. Among them, the potassium content of azalea in the xw2 treatment group of Example 2 increased steadily during the wintering process, and showed a very stable trend throughout the experiment. Potassium is one of the main essential nutrients in plants and is involved in a variety of physiological processes, including photosynthesis, water regulation, and enzyme activation. This result shows that the substrate treatment method used, especially the xw2 treatment, can effectively promote the absorption and accumulation of potassium in azalea during the wintering period.

[0040] like Figure 4 As shown, after different substrate treatments, the chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of the azalea container seedlings changed to a certain extent. From winter to overwintering, the SPAD values ​​of the treatment groups of Example 1 xw1 and Example 2 xw2 were stably higher than those of the comparative example 1ck, among which Example 2 xw2 was better than the xw1 treatment group. The chlorophyll content of plant leaves is closely related to its photosynthetic capacity. This result shows that the azalea container seedlings in the xw1 and xw2 treatment groups have higher chlorophyll content, better photosynthetic capacity, and better ability to accumulate nutrients.

[0041] like Figure 5-6 As shown, the treatment groups of Example 1 xw1 and Example 2 xw2 bloomed earlier and had a larger number of flowers than the control example 1ck. Among them, the xw1 treatment group had the largest number of flowers, and xw2 bloomed the earliest. This result shows that the substrate treatment method used, especially the xw1 treatment, can effectively promote the increase of the number of flowers of azalea container seedlings.

[0042] 2. The physical and chemical properties of the cultivation substrates provided in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 were tested, and the results were as follows: Table 1 Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter content in different matrix formulations

[0043] Note: Significance level P <0.05.

[0044] As can be seen from Table 1, the total nitrogen content of all formulas is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1, and the total nitrogen content of Example 2 is about 3 times that of Comparative Example 1 when 2 times the amount of fermented fiber is added; the total phosphorus content is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1; the total potassium content formulas are all significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1; and the organic matter content of all formulas is significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 1. This shows that after adding fermented fiber, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the matrix can be significantly increased, but the organic matter content is reduced. Compared with the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter content contained in the fermented fiber itself, the effects on the treated formulas are relatively consistent.

[0045] Table 2 Content of available nutrients in different formula matrices

[0046] Note: Significance level P <0.05.

[0047] As shown in Table 2, the alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents in Examples 1 and 2 are significantly higher than those in Comparative Example 1.

[0048] Table 3 Trace element contents in different formula matrices

[0049] Note: Significance level P <0.05.

[0050] As shown in Table 3, the effective zinc content of Example 1 and Example 2 is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1; the effective iron content of the formula is higher than that of Comparative Example 1, indicating that the addition of fermented fiber can effectively increase the effective iron content in the formula; the effective boron content of all formulas is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1; the exchangeable calcium content of all formulas is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1; and the exchangeable magnesium content of all formulas is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1.

[0051] Table 4 EC value, pH and bulk density in different matrix formulas

[0052] Note: Significance level P <0.05.

[0053] As shown in Table 4, the EC values ​​of the formulas of Example 1 and Example 2 are significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1, which may be related to the higher content of total nitrogen and total potassium in the formulas, which is as high as 701.67 μs / cm in Example 2. The pH of Comparative Example 1 is neutral, while all the formulas are weakly acidic, which is consistent with the pH of the matrix mixed in. The bulk density of all the formulas is higher than that of the control. Mixing in new matrix materials will increase the bulk density of the matrix.

[0054] Effects of different substrate treatments on Hainan azalea container seedlings: 4-5-year-old Hainan azalea cuttings planted with a diameter of 150 were selected as test materials. The root system had grown and needed to be repotted urgently. For repotting, a red element pot with a diameter of 20 cm was selected. After estimating the amount of substrate per pot, a water retainer was added and mixed evenly for use. Healthy plants with consistent growth were taken, and after measuring the diameter of the secondary branches, they were removed from the pots, the outer periphery of the soil ball was loosened, and the dead roots were cut off. After wrapping the planting material mixed with the water retainer, they were potted, with one plant per pot and 8 pots per treatment. Each group of seedlings was placed in an open-air nursery, and a shade net with a 25% shading rate was used from June to August to prevent the leaves from turning yellow.

[0055] Determination of potassium (K) content: The treated sample is introduced into the flame atomization system of the atomic absorption spectrophotometer to atomize potassium ions. The ground state atoms of potassium absorb the resonance line emitted by the potassium hollow cathode lamp. The absorbance is measured at the resonance line of 766.5nm. The absorbance value is proportional to the potassium content and is compared with the standard series for quantitative analysis. The results are as follows: Figure 7 shown.

[0056] Determination of photosynthetic index: Every 15 days or so, use PhotosynQ multispeQ (plant photosynthetic index meter) to select the 3rd to 5th phenotypically healthy mature leaves at the top of the azalea, measure and record their chlorophyll content (SPAD) and maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv / Fm) to evaluate the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves of the azalea container seedlings. Each set of data was measured at least 5 times. The results are as follows: Figure 8-9 shown.

[0057] Flowering quantity statistics: From March 27th until the flowers are basically withered, count and record the total number of flowers and buds. Figure 10-11 shown.

[0058] The results are as follows: Depend on Figure 7 It can be seen that after different substrate treatments, the potassium content of the container seedlings of Hainan Rhododendron has increased. Potassium is one of the main essential nutrients in plants and is involved in a variety of physiological processes, including photosynthesis, water regulation and enzyme activation. This result shows that the substrate treatment method provided in Example 3 can effectively promote the absorption and accumulation of potassium in Rhododendron.

[0059] Depend on Figure 8 It can be seen that after different substrate treatments, the chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of the Hainan azalea container seedlings has undergone certain changes, and the SPAD value of the Hainan azalea in Example 3 is always higher than that of the comparative example 2 bck. This trend is particularly obvious during the summer and winter of the Hainan azalea. This result shows that the Hainan azalea container seedlings of Example 3 b1 have higher chlorophyll content, better photosynthetic capacity, and better ability to accumulate nutrients.

[0060] Depend on Fig. 9 It can be seen that after different substrate treatments, the maximum photosynthetic efficiency of the Hainan azalea container seedlings changes with time. The maximum photosynthetic efficiency of the Hainan azalea container seedlings of Example 3 b1 is always higher than that of the comparative example 2 (bck) during the wintering process. This result shows that the azaleas in the b1 treatment group have a better health status and more sufficient nutrient supply.

[0061] Depend on Figure 10-11 It can be seen that the amount of flowers of azalea in Example 3 b1 is significantly greater than that in Comparative Example 2 bck. This result shows that the substrate treatment method used in b1 can effectively promote the increase of the amount of flowers of Hainan azalea container seedlings.

[0062] The physicochemical properties of the matrix provided in Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 were measured, and the results were as follows: Table 5 Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter content in different matrix formulas

[0063] As shown in Table 5, the total nitrogen content of the formula is significantly higher than that of the comparative example 2; the total phosphorus content of Example 3 b1 is consistent with that of the comparative example 2; the total potassium content of the formula is significantly higher than that of the comparative example 2; and the organic matter content of the formula b1 is slightly higher than that of the comparative example 2. This indicates that increasing the use of the water retaining agent can basically increase the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter content in the substrate.

[0064] Table 6 Content of available nutrients in different formula matrices

[0065] As shown in Table 6, the analysis found that the alkaline nitrogen content of Example 3 was slightly lower than that of Comparative Example 2; the effective phosphorus content of the formula was lower than that of Comparative Example 2, indicating that the use of a water retaining agent may reduce the effective phosphorus content in the matrix; and the quick-acting potassium content of the formula was significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 2.

[0066] Table 7 Trace element contents in different formula matrices

[0067] It can be seen from Table 7 that the effective zinc content formula is higher than that of Comparative Example 2, indicating that the use of a water retaining agent may increase the effective zinc content in the matrix; the effective iron content formula Example 3 b1 is lower than that of Comparative Example 2; the effective boron content formula is lower than that of Comparative Example 2; the exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium content formula is lower than that of Comparative Example 2, indicating that the use of a water retaining agent may reduce the exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium contents in the matrix.

[0068] Table 8 EC value, pH, bulk density and water holding capacity in different matrix formulas

[0069] As shown in Table 8, Example 3 b1 (66.46%)> Comparative Example 2 bck (42.62%), which shows that the use of water retaining agent has a significant effect on the water holding capacity of the substrate, which is consistent with the experimental expectations. The EC value of Example 3 is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 2; the pH value of Example 3 is higher than that of Comparative Example 2, but it still remains acidic; the bulk density formula is higher than that of Comparative Example 2, indicating that the use of water retaining agent will significantly increase the bulk density Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An environmentally friendly cultivation substrate, characterized in that: Growing media include peat, vermiculite and perlite.

2. An environmentally friendly cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The growing substrate also includes one of fermented fiber or small particle water retaining agent.

3. An environmentally friendly cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components of the cultivation medium are peat: fermented fiber: vermiculite: perlite = 2: (0-2): 1: 1 by volume, and the amount of small-particle water-retaining agent added is 0-5g / L.

4. Use of an environmentally friendly cultivation substrate as claimed in claims 1 to 3 in the cultivation of azalea container seedlings, wherein the azalea container seedlings include but are not limited to Anku azalea carnation and Hainan azalea.

5. The use of an environmentally friendly cultivation substrate as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The volume ratio of the components of the cultivation medium used for cultivating Anku rhododendron carnation is peat: fermented fiber: vermiculite: perlite = 2:1:1:

1.

6. The use of an environmentally friendly cultivation substrate as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The volume ratio of the components of the cultivation medium used for cultivating Anku rhododendron carnation is peat: fermented fiber: vermiculite: perlite = 2:2:1:

1.

7. The use of an environmentally friendly cultivation substrate as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The volume ratio of the components of the cultivation medium used for cultivating Hainan azalea is peat: vermiculite: perlite = 2:1:1, and the addition amount of the small particle water retaining agent is 5g / L.

8. A fermented fiber, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1. Select sun-dried, mold-free crop straw and crush it into straw particles with a particle size of 3-10 mm; S2, mixing the straw particles and cow dung obtained in step S1 with a fermentation agent to obtain a compost raw material; S3, fermenting the compost raw material obtained in step S2 in a fully enclosed intelligent fermentation chamber to obtain fermented fiber.

9. The fermented fiber according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S2 of the preparation method, the mass ratio of the straw particles, cow dung and fermentation agent is 620:379:

1.

10. The fermented fiber according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S3 of the preparation method, the fermentation conditions of the fully enclosed intelligent fermentation warehouse are: the compost raw materials are placed in a closed aerobic environment at 60-80° C. for 6-12 days.

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