Organic fertilizer prepared from kitchen garbage and hermetia illucens sand and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic fertilizer prepared from kitchen garbage and hermetia illucens sand. The organic fertilizer is prepared from a mixed fermentation material, nutrient substances and a microbial compound inoculant, the mixed fermentation material is a product obtained after kitchen waste, garden waste, hermetia illucens sand and pine wood dust are subjected to microbial aerobic fermentation, and the nutrient substances comprise macroelement substances and microelement substances and are used for providing macroelements and microelements needed by plant growth. The compound microbial inoculant is used for providing microorganisms for improving soil, regulating a plant rhizosphere microbial environment and preventing soil-borne diseases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, and in particular to an organic fertilizer prepared by utilizing kitchen waste and black soldier fly sand, and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Kitchen waste is an important component of domestic waste. The current mainstream disposal methods are aerobic fermentation technology and anaerobic fermentation technology. Aerobic fermentation technology refers to the use of the metabolic activities of aerobic microorganisms under aerobic conditions to convert organic matter in the pile into feed or fertilizer that is easily utilized by animals and plants. Anaerobic fermentation technology refers to the process of degrading complex organic matter into methane, water and carbon dioxide through different stages through the synergistic effects of fermentative bacteria, hydrogen-producing and acetic acid-producing bacteria and methanogens.

[0003] Aerobic fermentation technology has to some extent made up for the high operating costs of anaerobic digestion and the need for secondary treatment of its products. However, the output of aerobic fermentation is organic fertilizer used in the growth and development of plants, which requires that the salt content of the front-end raw materials should not be too high. Therefore, aerobic fermentation technology is more suitable for the disposal of some kitchen waste with lower salt content. However, the salt content of kitchen waste in restaurants and collective canteens is still high after oil extraction and dehydration. The output of aerobic fermentation of kitchen waste with higher salt content has higher salt content, and direct use will cause harm to the soil and plants.

[0004] Therefore, in order to solve the problem of high salt content in the output species obtained by conventional aerobic fermentation of kitchen waste, the present invention utilizes black soldier fly biological transformation treatment technology to dispose of kitchen waste. After the kitchen waste is biologically transformed by black soldier flies, the insect sand produced has high nutritional components and low salt content, and can be compounded with other organic materials to prepare organic fertilizer with comprehensive nutrients and high organic matter content, which has the beneficial effects of promoting plant growth, improving soil quality, and regulating soil environment, while effectively improving the efficiency and quality of kitchen waste treatment. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide an organic fertilizer prepared by using kitchen waste and black soldier fly sand and a preparation method thereof to solve the above problems.

[0006] The present invention solves the technical problem by adopting the following technical solution:

[0007] An organic fertilizer prepared from kitchen waste and black soldier fly sand, comprising mixed fermentation materials, nutrients and microbial composite agents;

[0008] Among them, the mixed fermentation material is the output of kitchen waste, garden waste, black soldier fly sand and pine sawdust after microbial aerobic fermentation, the nutrients include macroelements and trace elements, which are used to provide the macroelements and trace elements required for plant growth, and the microbial composite agent is used to provide microorganisms for improving soil, regulating the rhizosphere microbial environment of plants, and preventing soil-borne diseases.

[0009] Furthermore, the kitchen waste includes but is not limited to household kitchen waste, vegetable waste in farmers' markets, and kitchen waste generated by restaurants and canteens; the garden waste includes but is not limited to branches and leaves; the black soldier fly sand is the sand produced by feeding black soldier flies with processed kitchen waste, bean dregs and wheat bran; the macro-element substances include one or more of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride; the trace element substances include one or more of lime, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, copper sulfate and manganese sulfate; the microbial composite agent includes one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and yeast.

[0010] The present invention also adopts the following technical solutions to solve the technical problems:

[0011] A method for preparing organic fertilizer using kitchen waste and black soldier fly sand comprises the following steps:

[0012] S10. Preparation of black soldier flies: select black soldier fly eggs to hatch by yourself and feed them to the second instar, or directly purchase black soldier fly larvae of the appropriate age;

[0013] S20, pre-treatment of kitchen waste: crushing and pulping the kitchen waste;

[0014] S30, breeding black soldier flies: mixing the crushed and pulped kitchen waste with bean dregs and wheat bran to obtain a mixed slurry, and using the mixed slurry to breed black soldier flies;

[0015] S40, insect sand screening: using a vibrating screen for separation, and using a separator to remove impurities in the insect sand;

[0016] S50, pre-treatment of kitchen waste: crushing and dehydrating the kitchen waste to obtain kitchen waste raw materials;

[0017] S60, pretreatment of garden waste: crushing the garden waste to obtain garden waste raw materials;

[0018] S70, preparing a mixed material: mixing 10-30 parts of kitchen waste raw materials, 20 parts of garden waste raw materials and 40-50 parts of black soldier fly sand in a weight ratio to obtain a mixed material;

[0019] S80, aerobic fermentation of the mixed material: 30-50 parts of the mixed material, 10-20 parts of pine wood chips and 0.03-0.05 parts of microbial agent are mixed by weight, and the moisture content is adjusted to 40-50%, and the mixture is fermented for 15-45 days by strip-chopping composting, and the compost is turned regularly;

[0020] S90, preparation of organic fertilizer: screening the mixed fermentation material, and then mixing 200 parts of the mixed fermentation material, 4 parts of urea, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part of potassium chloride, 1-3 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 1-3 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a weight ratio, adding trace elements and microbial composite agents after mixing evenly, and finally using granulating equipment to granulate to obtain the final organic fertilizer.

[0021] Furthermore, the particle size of the kitchen waste after crushing and pulping is 1-3 cm.

[0022] Furthermore, kitchen waste includes, but is not limited to, household kitchen waste, vegetable waste from farmers’ markets, and food waste from restaurants and canteens;

[0023] The mixed slurry includes: 10-20 parts by weight of kitchen waste crushed slurry, 2-4 parts by weight of bean dregs and 2-4 parts by weight of wheat bran.

[0024] Furthermore, the kitchen waste includes but is not limited to household kitchen waste, vegetable waste in farmers' markets, and restaurant and canteen kitchen waste. The particle size of the obtained kitchen waste fermentation raw material is 2-4 cm.

[0025] Furthermore, the garden waste includes leaves and twigs, and the particle size of the obtained garden waste raw material is 1-5 cm.

[0026] Furthermore, during the 1st to 7th day of the fermentation process, the frequency of turning the compost is once a day, and after 7 days of the fermentation process, the frequency of turning the compost is 2-3 days a day, and after the fermentation is completed, a mixed fermentation material is obtained.

[0027] Furthermore, the weight of the trace element substance is 3%-5% of the total weight of the mixed fermentation material, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride, and the weight of the microbial composite agent is 1%-2% of the total weight of the mixed fermentation material, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride.

[0028] The invention has the following beneficial effects: the organic fertilizer prepared by using kitchen waste and black soldier fly sand of the invention feeds black soldier flies with kitchen waste, and there is no need to de-oil the kitchen waste, and the content of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the black soldier fly sand is increased by adjusting the material ratio, and then the black soldier fly sand is aerobically fermented with kitchen waste, garden waste, pine wood chips and other auxiliary materials, and after fermentation and decomposition, it is compounded with supplementary nutrients and microbial composite bacterial agents, thereby realizing the resource recycling of kitchen waste, and the produced organic fertilizer has high organic matter content and comprehensive nutrition, can meet the growth needs of various crops, and can replace conventional chemical fertilizers to a certain extent. At the same time, the microbial composite bacterial agent in the organic fertilizer of the invention can also effectively improve the soil and regulate the microbial environment of the plant rhizosphere, thereby effectively preventing the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of preparing organic fertilizer using kitchen waste and black soldier fly sand. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the embodiments and drawings.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] This embodiment provides an organic fertilizer prepared by using kitchen waste and black soldier fly sand, including mixed fermentation materials, nutrients and microbial composite agents.

[0033] The mixed fermentation material is the output of kitchen waste, garden waste, black soldier fly sand and pine wood chips after microbial aerobic fermentation. The nutrients include macroelements and trace elements, which are used to provide the macroelements and trace elements required for plant growth. The microbial composite agent is used to provide microorganisms for improving soil, regulating the microbial environment of plant rhizosphere, and preventing soil-borne diseases.

[0034] Specifically, the kitchen waste includes but is not limited to household kitchen waste, vegetable waste in farmers' markets, and restaurant kitchen waste generated by restaurants and canteens;

[0035] The garden waste includes but is not limited to branches and leaves; the black soldier fly sand is produced by feeding black soldier flies with processed kitchen waste, bean dregs and wheat bran; the macronutrient substances include one or more of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride; the trace element substances include one or more of lime, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, copper sulfate and manganese sulfate; the microbial composite agent includes one of Bacillus aspartate, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and yeast.

[0036] The organic fertilizer prepared by using kitchen waste and black soldier fly sand of the present invention uses kitchen waste to feed black soldier flies, and adjusts the material ratio to increase the content of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the black soldier fly sand, then aerobically ferments the black soldier fly sand with kitchen waste, garden waste, pine wood chips and other auxiliary materials, and after fermentation and decomposition, compounding with supplementary nutrients and microbial composite bacterial agents, thereby realizing the resource recycling of kitchen waste, and the produced organic fertilizer has high organic matter content and comprehensive nutrition, can meet the growth needs of various crops, and can replace conventional chemical fertilizers to a certain extent. At the same time, the microbial composite bacterial agent in the organic fertilizer of the present invention can also effectively improve the soil and regulate the microbial environment of the plant rhizosphere, thereby effectively preventing the occurrence of soil-borne diseases.

[0037] The method for preparing the organic fertilizer using kitchen waste and black soldier fly sand specifically comprises the following steps:

[0038] S10. Preparation of black soldier flies: Select black soldier fly eggs to hatch by yourself and feed them to the second instar. You can also directly purchase black soldier fly larvae of the appropriate age.

[0039] In this embodiment, if you choose to hatch the black soldier fly larvae yourself, you need to place the black soldier fly eggs in an incubator for hatching (or place the black soldier fly eggs in a tray, and place wheat bran and feed, with the temperature controlled at 30° C. and the humidity controlled at about 80%).

[0040] S20. Pretreatment of kitchen waste: crushing and pulping the kitchen waste to meet the daily feeding needs of black soldier flies.

[0041] In this embodiment, the particle size of the kitchen waste after the crushing and pulping process is 1-3 cm.

[0042] S30, breeding of black soldier flies: mixing the pretreated kitchen waste with bean dregs and wheat bran, mixing evenly to obtain a mixed slurry, and using the mixed slurry to breed black soldier flies.

[0043] In this embodiment, the kitchen waste includes but is not limited to household kitchen waste, vegetable waste in farmers' markets, and restaurant kitchen waste; the mixed slurry includes: 10-20 parts by weight of kitchen waste crushed slurry, 2-4 parts of bean dregs, and 2-4 parts of wheat bran. During breeding, the temperature of the black soldier fly larvae breeding area is 25-30°C, and the insect sand is screened after 7-8 days of breeding.

[0044] S40, insect sand screening: use a vibrating screen for separation, and use a separator to remove impurities in the insect sand.

[0045] In this embodiment, the vibrating screen may be a three-layer vibrating screen, and the separator may be a cyclone separator. In addition, other mechanical devices capable of separation and impurity removal may also be selected.

[0046] S50, pretreatment of kitchen waste: crushing and dehydrating the kitchen waste to obtain kitchen waste raw materials.

[0047] In this embodiment, the kitchen waste includes but is not limited to household kitchen waste, vegetable waste in farmers' markets, and restaurant and canteen kitchen waste. The particle size of the obtained kitchen waste fermentation raw material is 2-4 cm.

[0048] S60, pretreatment of garden waste: crushing the garden waste to obtain garden waste raw materials.

[0049] In this embodiment, the garden waste includes leaves and twigs, and the particle size of the obtained garden waste raw material is 1-5 cm.

[0050] S70, preparing a mixed material: mixing 10-30 parts of kitchen waste raw materials, 20 parts of garden waste raw materials and 40-50 parts of black soldier fly sand in a weight ratio to obtain a mixed material.

[0051] S80, aerobic fermentation of the mixed material: 30-50 parts of the mixed material, 10-20 parts of pine wood chips and 0.03-0.05 parts of microbial agent are mixed by weight, and the moisture content is adjusted to 40-50%, and fermented for 15-45 days by strip composting method, and the pile is turned regularly.

[0052] In this embodiment, the frequency of turning the compost is once a day during the 1st to 7th day of the fermentation process, and the frequency of turning the compost is once every 2 to 3 days after the 7th day of the fermentation process. After the fermentation is completed, a mixed fermentation material is obtained.

[0053] S90, preparation of organic fertilizer: screening the mixed fermentation material, and then mixing 200 parts of the mixed fermentation material, 4 parts of urea, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part of potassium chloride, 1-3 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 1-3 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a weight ratio, adding trace elements and microbial composite agents after mixing evenly, and finally using granulating equipment to granulate to obtain the final organic fertilizer.

[0054] In this embodiment, the weight of the trace element substance is 3%-5% of the total weight of the mixed fermentation material, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride, and the weight of the microbial composite agent is 1%-2% of the total weight of the mixed fermentation material, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride.

[0055] The organic fertilizer prepared by the above method has comprehensive nutrients and high organic matter content, and can be used as base fertilizer in the planting stage of various crops, and can also be used in subsequent topdressing.

[0056] The order of the above embodiments is only for the convenience of description and does not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organic fertilizer prepared from kitchen waste and black soldier fly sand, characterized in that: It includes mixed fermentation materials, nutrients and microbial compound agents; Among them, the mixed fermentation material is the output of kitchen waste, garden waste, black soldier fly sand and pine sawdust after microbial aerobic fermentation, the nutrients include macroelements and trace elements, which are used to provide the macroelements and trace elements required for plant growth, and the microbial composite agent is used to provide microorganisms for improving soil, regulating the rhizosphere microbial environment of plants, and preventing soil-borne diseases.

2. The organic fertilizer prepared from kitchen waste and black soldier fly sand according to claim 1, characterized in that: The kitchen waste includes but is not limited to household kitchen waste, vegetable waste in farmers' markets, and kitchen waste generated by restaurants and canteens; the garden waste includes but is not limited to branches and leaves; the black soldier fly sand is the sand produced by feeding black soldier flies with processed kitchen waste, bean dregs and wheat bran; the macro-element substances include one or more of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride; the trace element substances include one or more of lime, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, copper sulfate and manganese sulfate; the microbial composite agent includes one of Bacillus aspartate, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and yeast.

3. A method for preparing organic fertilizer using kitchen waste and black soldier fly sand, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S10. Preparation of black soldier flies: select black soldier fly eggs to hatch by yourself and feed them to the second instar, or directly purchase black soldier fly larvae of the appropriate age; S20, pre-treatment of kitchen waste: crushing and pulping the kitchen waste; S30, breeding black soldier flies: mixing the crushed and pulped kitchen waste with bean dregs and wheat bran to obtain a mixed slurry, and using the mixed slurry to breed black soldier flies; S40, insect sand screening: using a vibrating screen for separation, and using a separator to remove impurities in the insect sand; S50, pre-treatment of kitchen waste: crushing and dehydrating the kitchen waste to obtain kitchen waste raw materials; S60, pre-treatment of garden waste: crushing the garden waste to obtain garden waste raw materials; S70, preparing a mixed material: mixing 10-30 parts of kitchen waste raw materials, 20 parts of garden waste raw materials and 40-50 parts of black soldier fly sand in a weight ratio to obtain a mixed material; S80, aerobic fermentation of the mixed material: 30-50 parts of the mixed material, 10-20 parts of pine wood chips and 0.03-0.05 parts of microbial agent are mixed by weight, and the moisture content is adjusted to 40-50%, and the mixture is fermented for 15-45 days by strip-chopping composting, and the compost is turned regularly; S90, preparation of organic fertilizer: screening the mixed fermentation material, and then mixing 200 parts of the mixed fermentation material, 4 parts of urea, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part of potassium chloride, 1-3 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 1-3 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a weight ratio, adding trace elements and microbial composite agents after mixing evenly, and finally using granulating equipment to granulate to obtain the final organic fertilizer.

4. The method for preparing organic fertilizer using kitchen waste and black soldier fly sand according to claim 3, characterized in that: The particle size of the kitchen waste after crushing and pulping is 1-3cm.

5. The method for preparing organic fertilizer using kitchen waste and black soldier fly sand according to claim 3, characterized in that: Kitchen waste includes but is not limited to household kitchen waste, vegetable waste from farmers' markets, and food waste from restaurants and canteens; The mixed slurry includes: 10-20 parts by weight of kitchen waste crushed slurry, 2-4 parts by weight of bean dregs and 2-4 parts by weight of wheat bran.

6. The method for preparing organic fertilizer using kitchen waste and black soldier fly sand according to claim 3, characterized in that: The kitchen waste includes but is not limited to household kitchen waste, vegetable waste in farmers' markets, and restaurant and canteen kitchen waste. The particle size of the obtained kitchen waste fermentation raw material is 2-4 cm.

7. The method for preparing organic fertilizer using kitchen waste and black soldier fly sand according to claim 3, characterized in that: Garden waste includes leaves and twigs, and the particle size of the obtained garden waste raw material is 1-5 cm.

8. The method for preparing organic fertilizer using kitchen waste and black soldier fly sand according to claim 3, characterized in that: During the 1st to 7th day of the fermentation process, the frequency of turning the pile is once a day. After 7 days of the fermentation process, the frequency of turning the pile is 2-3 days. After the fermentation is completed, a mixed fermentation material is obtained.

9. The method for preparing organic fertilizer using kitchen waste and black soldier fly sand according to claim 3, characterized in that: The weight of the trace element substance is 3%-5% of the total weight of the mixed fermentation material, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride, and the weight of the microbial composite agent is 1%-2% of the total weight of the mixed fermentation material, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride.

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