Chest surgery anti-blocking drainage system with dynamic pressure adjustment function

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and discloses a dynamic pressure adjusting thoracic surgery anti-blocking drainage system which comprises a drainage tube, a drainage bag, a backflow tube, a positioning disc, an electric rotating disc, a blade, an electric vacuum pump and a monitoring mechanism. A drainage tube and a return tube are arranged on the special-shaped tee joint; the tail end of the return pipe is connected with the input end of the electric vacuum pump; the output end of the electric vacuum pump communicates with the drainage bag; a protective shell is arranged on the positioning disc; an electric turntable is arranged on the protective shell, a plurality of blades are arranged at the tail end of a movable rod of the multi-stage medical electric push rod, and a monitoring mechanism is arranged on the protective shell. The internal pressure of the thoracic cavity is monitored in real time, the drainage process is accurately controlled in combination with other physical sign data, and the proper pressure of the thoracic cavity is maintained to improve drainage efficiency; a real-time monitoring and abnormity identification function can timely perceive drainage abnormity; normal saline flushing and mechanical crushing are combined, so that the drainage tube is smooth; the drainage process is comprehensively evaluated in combination with various monitoring data, and potential risks are found as early as possible.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of medical devices, and more specifically, to a thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage system with dynamic pressure regulation. Background Art

[0002] Closed chest drainage is a commonly used treatment method in the field of cardiothoracic surgery. During treatment, the gas and fluid in the patient's chest cavity should be discharged from the body in a timely manner. Several drainage methods in the prior art have certain shortcomings. One of them is to repeatedly aspirate the gas and fluid in the patient's chest cavity with a syringe. The shortcomings of this method are that the patient's chest cavity is repeatedly punctured, which increases the patient's pain, the labor intensity of medical staff is high, and the accumulated gas and fluid in the patient's chest cavity are not completely aspirated.

[0003] The document with the prior art publication number CN113599590A provides a thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage device, in which a first motor is fixedly provided on one side of a workbench, and a rotating rod is fixedly provided on one end of the rotating shaft of the second motor; a filter plate is fixedly provided on the middle part of the inner wall of the liquid collecting box, and the filter plate is obliquely installed on the inner wall of the liquid collecting box, and the second motor passes through the filter plate; a first box body is fixedly provided on one side of the liquid collecting box, and a first sewage outlet matching the filter plate is opened on one side of the first box body; an electric push rod is embedded in the inner wall of one side of the liquid collecting box, and a baffle matching the first sewage outlet is fixedly provided on one side of the electric push rod; a second sewage outlet matching the rotating rod is fixedly provided on the lower end of one side of the liquid collecting box, and a water tank is fixedly provided on one side of the upper end of the workbench.

[0004] Although the above-mentioned prior art solutions can achieve relevant beneficial effects through the structure of the prior art, they still have the following defects: 1. It is impossible to automatically adjust the pressure during the thoracic surgery anti-blocking drainage process. 2. It is impossible to timely detect abnormal conditions and potential risks during the thoracic surgery anti-blocking drainage process. 3. It is impossible to timely detect the blockage of the drainage tube and deal with the blockage of the drainage tube in time. If a better drainage tube is used, it will be time-consuming and labor-intensive, increasing the workload.

[0005] In view of this, we proposed a thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage system with dynamic pressure regulation. Summary of the invention

[0006] 1. Technical issues to be solved

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to provide a thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage system with dynamic pressure regulation, which solves the technical problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology, realizes real-time monitoring of the internal pressure of the chest cavity by a high-precision micro-pressure sensor, and combined with other vital signs data, can realize precise control of the drainage process, ensure that the chest pressure is maintained in an appropriate range, thereby improving the drainage efficiency; the real-time monitoring and abnormality identification functions can promptly detect abnormal situations in the drainage process; intelligent anti-blockage treatment can be performed, and an anti-blockage treatment mechanism combining physiological saline flushing and mechanical crushing is introduced to ensure that the drainage tube is unobstructed; the comprehensive evaluation module can combine multiple monitoring data to comprehensively evaluate the drainage process, and promptly discover the technical effect of potential risks.

[0008] 2. Technical solution

[0009] The technical solution of the present application provides a dynamically pressure-regulated thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage system, comprising: a drainage tube, a drainage bag, a reflux tube, a positioning plate, a special-shaped tee, an electric turntable, a multi-stage medical electric push rod, a blade, an electric vacuum pump and a monitoring mechanism;

[0010] A special-shaped tee is fixedly arranged on the positioning plate, and a drainage pipe and a return pipe are connected to the special-shaped tee; the end of the return pipe is connected to the input end of the electric vacuum pump; and a solenoid valve is arranged on the return pipe;

[0011] The output end of the electric vacuum pump is connected to the drainage bag;

[0012] A protective shell is detachably fixed on the positioning disk; an electric turntable is fixed on the protective shell, a multi-stage medical electric push rod is fixed on the output end of the electric turntable, and a movable rod of the multi-stage medical electric push rod is sealingly slidably matched with the special-shaped three-way joint; a plurality of blades are fixedly provided at the end of the movable rod of the multi-stage medical electric push rod, and the blades can slide in the special-shaped three-way joint and the drainage tube;

[0013] A pressure sensor and a miniature high-definition camera are fixedly installed on the inner wall at the end of the drainage tube.

[0014] A monitoring mechanism is fixedly installed on the protective shell to monitor the anti-blocking and drainage process of thoracic surgery and detect abnormal situations in time.

[0015] The above technical solution can effectively solve the blockage problem during chest drainage, accurately adjust the intrathoracic pressure, and monitor the drainage process in real time, thereby improving the safety and effectiveness of thoracic drainage and providing strong guarantees for the patient's postoperative recovery.

[0016] As an optional solution of the present invention, a flushing channel is provided on the inner wall of the drainage tube, and a nozzle is fixedly provided at the end of the flushing channel. The nozzle is arranged at the end of the drainage tube, and the nozzle is inclined toward the positioning plate. The other end of the flushing channel is connected to a suction pump through a pipeline, and the input end of the suction pump is connected to a saline storage tank, and saline is stored in the saline storage tank.

[0017] Through the above technical solution, when the monitoring mechanism detects that the drainage tube may be blocked or the drainage is not smooth, the suction pump is started to transport the saline in the saline storage tank to the nozzle through the flushing channel. The saline is sprayed out at a certain pressure to flush the end of the drainage tube and the surrounding area.

[0018] As an optional solution of the present invention, the monitoring mechanism includes:

[0019] Data collection module: collects a large amount of patient data, including medical condition data and physical data; labels the data as a reference sample; medical condition data includes past medical history and detailed information of the current surgery;

[0020] Pressure collection module: including pressure sensor, which collects the internal pressure of the chest cavity at all times;

[0021] Vital sign monitoring module: including body temperature monitor, respiratory monitor and blood pressure monitor, etc.; real-time monitoring of the patient's body temperature, respiration, blood pressure and other vital signs; the respiratory monitor collects the patient's respiratory signals through chest sensors or breathing masks, and can accurately measure parameters such as respiratory rate, respiratory depth, and respiratory rhythm.

[0022] Image acquisition module: including a high-definition camera to collect high-definition images of the drainage process in thoracic surgery; a micro high-definition camera is used to clearly capture images of the inside of the drainage tube and the area near the end of the drainage tube in the chest cavity;

[0023] Image preprocessing module: preprocess the collected images, including filtering and denoising, grayscale, image enhancement and normalization;

[0024] Abnormal identification module: Analyze and identify the pre-processed images, and promptly identify abnormal conditions in the process of drainage prevention and blockage in thoracic surgery; and also identify blockages caused by blood clots or tissue fragments in the drainage tube;

[0025] Comprehensive evaluation module: Combined with the monitoring results of the drainage and abnormal identification modules of the chest cavity pressure, body temperature, respiration and blood pressure, the drainage process of thoracic surgery is comprehensively evaluated to detect abnormalities in time and predict potential risks;

[0026] Pressure regulation module: According to the pressure inside the chest cavity, targeted adjustments are made through the electric vacuum pump and solenoid valve to keep the chest cavity at an appropriate pressure; the pressure sensor collects the internal chest pressure data in real time and transmits the data to the control center. As the core control unit, the control center establishes a communication connection with the electric vacuum pump and the solenoid valve, receives the pressure signal from the pressure sensor, and issues corresponding control instructions to the electric vacuum pump and the solenoid valve according to the preset pressure threshold and control algorithm. The input end of the electric vacuum pump is connected to the special-shaped tee through the reflux pipe, and its output end is connected to the drainage bag, while the solenoid valve is set on the reflux pipe, and they work together to achieve the regulation of chest pressure.

[0027] Alarm module: includes an alarm, which will issue an alarm in time when abnormal conditions or potential risks are detected.

[0028] Control center: connected to the data collection module, electric vacuum pump, pressure collection module, vital sign monitoring module, image collection module, image preprocessing module, abnormality recognition module, comprehensive evaluation module and alarm module network.

[0029] As an optional solution of the present invention, the abnormality recognition module analyzes and recognizes the preprocessed image, timely identifies abnormal conditions in the process of thoracic surgery anti-blocking drainage, and simultaneously identifies the blockage of blood clots or tissue fragments in the drainage tube; comprising the following steps:

[0030] 1. Feature extraction: including color feature extraction, texture feature extraction and shape feature extraction;

[0031] 2. Feature analysis: The extracted color, texture, and shape features are compared with the pre-established normal drainage fluid feature database. If the hue and saturation in the color feature exceed the range of normal bloody or clear exudate, and the texture feature shows increased unevenness, and the shape feature has no obvious regular objects, it is judged that the properties of the drainage fluid may have changed. For example, if a large number of white or yellow high-saturation areas are detected, the texture is messy and there are no objects of a specific shape, combined with clinical knowledge, it can be preliminarily judged that there may be an infection. If a yellow-green or milky white area is found, and the color feature matches the characteristics of bile-like or chylous fluid, the patient's surgical condition (such as whether it involves abdominal or thoracic duct-related surgery) is comprehensively considered to further determine whether there is a chylothorax caused by fistula or thoracic duct damage.

[0032] 3. Determination of drainage tube blockage: For the blockage of blood clots or tissue fragments in the drainage tube, the comprehensive analysis results of color, texture and shape characteristics are used. If an object with a dark red color and a specific texture (such as short-distance high grayscale correlation) and shape (block-shaped, mass-shaped) is detected in the drainage tube area, its size and position information are combined to determine whether the drainage tube is blocked. For example, if the area of ​​the blood clot or tissue fragment is large and occupies a certain proportion of the cross-section of the drainage tube (such as more than 30%), it is considered that there is a certain degree of blockage. At the same time, through the analysis of continuous image frames, if it is found that the position of the object in the drainage tube is relatively fixed and continues to exist in multiple frames of images, it is further confirmed that the blockage is relatively stable rather than a short-term flow interference. If multiple small fragments of irregular shapes, colors and textures consistent with tissues are detected, and they are gathered or dispersed in the drainage tube, it can also be judged that there is a risk of tissue fragment blockage or blockage has already formed, but the degree of blockage may be relatively light or more dispersed.

[0033] 4. Abnormal situation marking: Once an abnormal situation is identified, the abnormal area is marked on the image. For areas where the properties of the drainage fluid have changed, they are circled with boxes of different colors (such as red boxes for suspected infection areas, yellow boxes for possible fistulas or chylothorax-related areas), and the abnormal type and related feature parameters (such as the HSV value range of the color, the texture feature value, etc.) are marked next to the image. For blood clots or tissue fragments in the drainage tube, the location of the blockage is marked with a blue box, and its shape descriptor information (such as circumference, area, circularity, etc.) and an estimate of the degree of drainage tube blockage (such as mild, moderate, and severe blockage) are marked.

[0034] 5. Generate abnormality report: The results of abnormality identification are organized into a report form, including the type of abnormality (such as drainage fluid infection, bile fistula, chylothorax, drainage tube blood clot blockage, tissue fragment blockage, etc.), the time of abnormality (accurate to the time point of image acquisition), the location description of the abnormal area in the drainage tube or chest cavity (such as how many centimeters away from the drainage tube entrance, in which direction of the chest cavity, etc.) and related feature analysis data (such as color feature value, texture feature parameter, shape feature descriptor, etc.). This report is sent to the comprehensive evaluation module for comprehensive analysis with other monitoring data (such as chest pressure, patient signs, etc.), and can also be viewed by medical staff to provide intuitive and detailed basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

[0035] As an optional solution of the present invention, the comprehensive evaluation module combines the pressure, temperature, respiration and blood pressure of the chest cavity internal drainage and the monitoring results of the abnormal identification module to comprehensively evaluate the thoracic surgery anti-blocking drainage process, timely discover abnormal conditions and predict potential risks; including the following steps:

[0036] 1. Data integration: Receive real-time pressure data inside the chest cavity from the pressure acquisition module and store it in the form of a time series, for example, recording a pressure value per second. At the same time, obtain body temperature, respiratory rate, respiratory depth, blood pressure and other data from the vital signs monitoring module, and these data are also recorded at corresponding time intervals. Obtain drainage-related abnormality reports from the abnormality identification module, including the type of changes in the properties of the drainage fluid (such as infection, fistula, chylothorax, etc.), the degree of blockage by blood clots or tissue fragments in the drainage tube, the location description of the abnormal area in the drainage tube or chest cavity, and related feature analysis data.

[0037] 2. Data standardization processing:

[0038] The intrathoracic pressure data is compared with a preset normal thoracic pressure range (eg, -5 mmHg to -10 mmHg) to calculate the ratio of the pressure deviation from the normal range.

[0039] The body temperature data is compared with the normal body temperature range (such as 36-37°C) and the body temperature deviation is calculated.

[0040] The respiratory rate and blood pressure data were processed. The normal range of respiratory rate was set at 12-20 times / minute. The normal range of blood pressure had corresponding standard values ​​according to different age groups and genders. The relative degree of deviation from the normal range was calculated.

[0041] The data of the anomaly identification module is encoded according to the anomaly type and severity.

[0042] 3. Weight allocation: Assign weights to different types of data based on clinical experience and statistical analysis of large amounts of data.

[0043] 4. Comprehensive evaluation and calculation: Combined with the chest cavity pressure, body temperature, respiration, blood pressure and other vital signs data and the monitoring results of the abnormal recognition module, a comprehensive evaluation of the thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage process is conducted:

[0044] 5. Setting thresholds and abnormality judgment: The thresholds of comprehensive evaluation indicators are set based on clinical research and experience. If the calculated value exceeds the threshold, the system determines that the current thoracic surgery anti-blocking drainage process is abnormal.

[0045] 6. Risk prediction: Use machine learning algorithms (such as decision trees, neural networks, etc.) to establish a risk prediction model. The comprehensive evaluation indicators in the historical data and the final patient recovery status (such as whether complications occur, length of hospitalization, etc.) are used as training data to input the model for training. In actual operation, when it is determined that there is an abnormal situation, the current comprehensive evaluation indicators and related detailed data (such as pressure change trends, body temperature change curves, etc.) are input into the trained risk prediction model, and the model outputs the prediction results of potential risks. For example, the prediction result may be that the probability of lung infection in the next 24 hours is 30%, or the probability of drainage failure due to worsening drainage tube blockage is 20%, etc.

[0046] 7. Result output: The comprehensive evaluation indicators, abnormal judgment results and risk prediction results are output in an intuitive form. It can be displayed on the display screen of the monitoring system, including the relationship between the changing trend of data such as pressure and body temperature and the comprehensive evaluation indicators in the form of a chart, and clearly indicate whether there are abnormalities and the possible potential risk types and probabilities in text form. These results are transmitted to the hospital's central monitoring system through the network so that medical staff can view them at any time in the office or on mobile terminals and make medical decisions in a timely manner. For example, if the risk of increased drainage tube blockage is predicted to be high, medical staff can prepare unblocking equipment or adjust the drainage plan in advance; if the risk of lung infection is predicted to increase, preventive use of antibiotics and other measures can be considered.

[0047] 3. Beneficial effects

[0048] One or more technical solutions provided in the technical solution of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0049] 1. The present invention can improve drainage efficiency and safety. By monitoring the internal pressure of the chest cavity in real time through a high-precision micro-pressure sensor and combining other vital signs data (such as body temperature, respiration, blood pressure, etc.), it can achieve precise control of the drainage process and ensure that the chest cavity pressure is maintained within an appropriate range, thereby improving drainage efficiency.

[0050] 2. The real-time monitoring and abnormal identification functions can promptly detect abnormal situations in the drainage process, such as blockage of the drainage tube, changes in the properties of the drainage fluid, etc., so that measures can be taken quickly to ensure the safety of the patient.

[0051] 3. Intelligent anti-blocking treatment can be carried out, and an anti-blocking treatment mechanism combining saline flushing and mechanical crushing is introduced. When the drainage tube is detected to be blocked, the blockage is first tried to be cleared by flushing with saline. If the effect is not good, the mechanical crushing device is started to ensure that the drainage tube is unobstructed. This intelligent anti-blocking treatment method not only improves the treatment efficiency, but also reduces the manual intervention of medical staff and reduces the operation risk.

[0052] 4. The comprehensive evaluation module can combine multiple monitoring data to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the drainage process, identify potential risks in a timely manner, and provide feedback to the control center. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage system with dynamic pressure regulation disclosed in this application;

[0054] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A in the middle.

[0055] Reference numerals:

[0056] 1. Drainage tube; 2. Drainage bag; 3. Reflux tube; 4. Positioning plate; 5. Special-shaped tee; 6. Electric turntable; 7. Protective shell; 8. Multi-stage medical electric push rod; 9. Blade; 10. Suction pump; 11. Electric vacuum pump; 12. Physiological saline storage tank; 13. Flushing channel; 14. Nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0058] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The embodiment of the present application provides a thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage system with dynamic pressure regulation, comprising: a drainage tube 1, a drainage bag 2, a reflux tube 3, a positioning plate 4, a special-shaped tee 5, an electric turntable 6, a multi-stage medical electric push rod 8, a blade 9, an electric vacuum pump 11 and a monitoring mechanism;

[0059] A special-shaped tee 5 is fixedly arranged on the positioning plate 4, and the special-shaped tee 5 is connected with the drainage tube 1 and the return tube 3; the end of the return tube 3 is connected to the input end of the electric vacuum pump 11; the return tube 3 is provided with a solenoid valve; the material of the drainage tube 1 and the return tube 3 is medical grade silicone, which has good flexibility and biocompatibility, and can effectively reduce the stimulation and damage to the patient's tissue. The solenoid valve arranged on the return tube is a normally closed valve controlled by electromagnetics. When the electric vacuum pump 11 is working, the solenoid valve opens according to the control signal, allowing the liquid or gas in the return tube to flow to the electric vacuum pump; when the electric vacuum pump stops working or an abnormal situation occurs, the solenoid valve closes quickly to prevent the drainage fluid from flowing back into the chest cavity.

[0060] The output end of the electric vacuum pump 11 is connected to the drainage bag 2; the drainage bag 2 is made of a transparent medical plastic material with scale markings, which is convenient for medical staff to check the volume and properties of the drainage fluid at any time.

[0061] The positioning plate 4 is fixedly provided with a protective shell 7 which can be detachably mounted; the protective shell 7 is fixedly provided with an electric turntable 6, the output end of which is fixedly provided with a multi-stage medical electric push rod 8, the movable rod of which is in sealing and sliding cooperation with the special-shaped tee 5; the end of the movable rod of which is fixedly provided with a plurality of blades 9, which can slide in the special-shaped tee 5 and the drainage tube 1; the positioning plate 4 is made of medical grade plastic or light metal material, and its shape design conforms to the external contour of the human chest cavity, and can be stably attached to the patient's chest skin through medical tape or a special fixing device, providing a reliable fixing foundation for the special-shaped tee, ensuring that the connection between the drainage tube, the reflux tube and the special-shaped tee is stable and not easy to be displaced. The blades 9 are made of medical grade plastic material.

[0062] A pressure sensor and a micro HD camera are fixedly installed on the inner wall at the end of the drainage tube 1. The pressure sensor uses a high-precision micro-pressure sensor, which can accurately measure the pressure changes in the chest cavity with a measurement accuracy of ±0.1mmHg, and can capture pressure fluctuations in time. The micro HD camera has high resolution and good low-light imaging capabilities, and can clearly capture images of the inside of the drainage tube and the area near the end of the drainage tube in the chest cavity, so that medical staff can intuitively observe whether there are blood clots, tissue fragments or other abnormal substances blocking the drainage tube.

[0063] A monitoring mechanism is fixedly arranged on the protective shell 7, and the monitoring mechanism monitors the anti-blocking and drainage process of thoracic surgery and finds abnormal situations in time.

[0064] This technical solution can effectively solve the blockage problem during chest drainage, accurately adjust the intrathoracic pressure, and monitor the drainage process in real time, thereby improving the safety and effectiveness of thoracic drainage and providing strong guarantees for the patient's postoperative recovery.

[0065] Furthermore, a flushing channel 13 is provided on the inner wall of the drainage tube 1, and a nozzle 14 is fixedly provided at the end of the flushing channel 13. The nozzle 14 is provided at the end of the drainage tube 1, and the nozzle 14 is inclined toward the positioning plate 4; the inclination angle is between 30-60 degrees. Such a design is conducive to the formation of a spiral water flow of saline in the drainage tube, and performs all-round flushing of the tube wall and blood clots, tissue debris, etc. in the tube. The other end of the flushing channel 13 is connected to a suction pump 10 through a pipeline, and the input end of the suction pump 10 is connected to a saline storage tank 12, and saline is stored in the saline storage tank 12. The inner wall of the flushing channel 13 needs to be smooth to reduce water flow resistance and prevent impurities from remaining.

[0066] In this technical solution, when the monitoring mechanism detects that the drainage tube may be blocked or the drainage is not smooth, the suction pump 10 is started to deliver the saline in the saline storage tank 12 to the nozzle 14 through the flushing channel 13. The saline is sprayed at a certain pressure (such as 20-50 kPa) to flush the end of the drainage tube and the surrounding area. For some loose blood clots or mucous blockages, this flushing method can effectively disperse them and discharge them with the drainage fluid.

[0067] Furthermore, monitoring agencies include:

[0068] Data collection module: collects a large amount of patient data, including medical condition data and physical data; annotates the data as a reference sample; medical condition data includes past medical history (such as whether there is chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, etc.), detailed information of the current surgery (type of surgery, duration of surgery, amount of intraoperative bleeding, etc.);

[0069] Pressure collection module: including pressure sensor, which collects the internal pressure of the chest cavity at all times;

[0070] Vital sign monitoring module: including body temperature monitor, respiratory monitor and blood pressure monitor, etc.; real-time monitoring of the patient's body temperature, respiration and blood pressure and other vital signs; the respiratory monitor collects the patient's respiratory signals through chest sensors or breathing masks, etc., and can accurately measure parameters such as respiratory frequency, respiratory depth, and respiratory rhythm. For example, it can detect the patient's number of breaths per minute, as well as the amplitude of the chest rise and fall during each breath, and other information, providing detailed data for judging the patient's respiratory function status.

[0071] Image acquisition module: including a high-definition camera to collect high-definition images of the drainage process in thoracic surgery; a micro high-definition camera is used to clearly capture images of the inside of the drainage tube and the area near the end of the drainage tube in the chest cavity;

[0072] Image preprocessing module: preprocess the collected images, including filtering and denoising, grayscale, image enhancement and normalization;

[0073] Abnormal identification module: Analyze and identify the pre-processed images, and promptly identify abnormal conditions in the process of thoracic surgery drainage (for example, changes in the properties of the drainage fluid. Normal thoracic drainage fluid is generally light red bloody fluid or clear exudate. If the drainage fluid suddenly becomes turbid, it may be an infection, containing a large number of white blood cells, bacteria and necrotic tissue. In addition, if bile-like fluid appears in the drainage fluid, it may be a fistula between the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity; if chyle-like fluid appears, it may be a chylothorax caused by damage to the thoracic duct.); At the same time, it identifies blood clots or tissue fragments blocking the drainage tube;

[0074] Comprehensive evaluation module: Combined with the monitoring results of the drainage and abnormal identification modules of the chest cavity pressure, body temperature, respiration and blood pressure, the drainage process of thoracic surgery is comprehensively evaluated to detect abnormalities in time and predict potential risks;

[0075] Pressure regulation module: According to the pressure inside the chest cavity, targeted adjustments are made through the electric vacuum pump 11 and the solenoid valve to keep the chest cavity at an appropriate pressure; the pressure sensor collects the internal pressure data of the chest cavity in real time and transmits the data to the control center. As the core control unit, the control center establishes a communication connection with the electric vacuum pump 11 and the solenoid valve, receives the pressure signal from the pressure sensor, and issues corresponding control instructions to the electric vacuum pump 11 and the solenoid valve according to the preset pressure threshold and control algorithm. The input end of the electric vacuum pump 11 is connected to the special-shaped tee 5 through the reflux pipe 3, and its output end is connected to the drainage bag 2, and the solenoid valve is set on the reflux pipe 3, which work together to achieve the regulation of chest cavity pressure.

[0076] Alarm module: includes an alarm, which will issue an alarm in time when abnormal conditions or potential risks are detected.

[0077] Control center: connected to the data collection module, the electric vacuum pump 11, the pressure collection module, the vital sign monitoring module, the image collection module, the image preprocessing module, the abnormality recognition module, the comprehensive evaluation module and the alarm module network.

[0078] Furthermore, the abnormality recognition module analyzes and recognizes the preprocessed images, and timely recognizes abnormal conditions in the process of drainage prevention in thoracic surgery; and also recognizes the blockage of blood clots or tissue fragments in the drainage tube; including the following steps:

[0079] 1. Feature extraction: including color feature extraction, texture feature extraction and shape feature extraction;

[0080] Color feature extraction: Convert the preprocessed image to a suitable color space, such as the HSV (hue, saturation, value) color space. For drainage fluid color analysis, focus on the hue (H) and saturation (S) channels. Normal reddish bloody fluid has a specific hue range (e.g., roughly between 340-10 degrees) and a relatively low saturation range in the HSV space. Clear exudate has a higher value on the value (V) channel and a lower saturation. When the drainage fluid becomes turbid, its color distribution becomes uneven, which is manifested as abnormal changes in hue and saturation in local areas in the image. For example, if there is an infection, white or yellow areas (corresponding to different hue values) with high saturation may appear. For bile-like fluid (usually yellow-green) and chyle-like fluid (milky white), their hue and saturation characteristics in the HSV space are significantly different from those of normal drainage fluid, and possible abnormal color areas can be preliminarily screened by setting a threshold range. At the same time, the color of blood clots in the drainage tube is usually dark red, with a specific hue range in the HSV space (about 340-360 degrees or 0-20 degrees) and high saturation. The color of tissue fragments may vary depending on the tissue type, but generally has a contrast difference with the surrounding normal drainage fluid. The color characteristics can be used to preliminarily locate the possible blood clots or tissue fragments.

[0081] Texture feature extraction: The gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) method is used to extract the texture features of the image. The gray-level correlation of the pixels in the image at different directions (such as 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, and 135 degrees) and at different distance offsets is calculated. For normal drainage fluid, its texture is relatively uniform, and the element values ​​in the gray-level co-occurrence matrix are distributed more regularly. However, when blood clots or tissue fragments are present, this uniformity will be destroyed, and the gray-level co-occurrence matrix will show changes in element values ​​in certain specific directions and distances. For example, the blood clot area may have a higher gray-level correlation in a short distance (because its internal structure is relatively dense), but a lower correlation in a long distance (there is a clear boundary with the surrounding drainage fluid). Tissue fragments may show complex gray-level co-occurrence matrix feature changes in multiple directions and distances due to their irregular shapes and different tissue densities. By analyzing these texture feature parameters, such as contrast, correlation, energy, etc., normal drainage fluid and areas with blockages can be further distinguished.

[0082] Shape feature extraction: Use edge detection algorithms (such as Canny edge detection) to extract the edge contours of objects in the image. For blood clots and tissue fragments in the drainage tube, their edge contours have different shape characteristics. Blood clots are usually block-shaped or mass-shaped, with relatively smooth edges and a certain degree of curvature continuity. The edges of tissue fragments are more irregular, and may have multiple protruding or concave parts. By analyzing the edge contours, shape descriptors such as perimeter, area, circularity (the ratio of the square of the perimeter to 4π times the area, the closer the circularity is to 1, the closer the shape is to a circle) are calculated. There are no obvious objects of specific shapes in the normal drainage fluid area, and when the values ​​of these shape descriptors exceed the expected range of the normal drainage fluid area, it may indicate the presence of blood clots or tissue fragments. For example, if an area with a large area, low circularity and relatively smooth edges is detected, it is likely to be a blood clot; if an area with a small area, extremely irregular shape and many small branches on the edge is detected, it may be a tissue fragment.

[0083] 2. Feature analysis: The extracted color, texture, and shape features are compared with the pre-established normal drainage fluid feature database. If the hue and saturation in the color feature exceed the range of normal bloody or clear exudate, and the texture feature shows increased unevenness, and the shape feature has no obvious regular objects, it is judged that the properties of the drainage fluid may have changed. For example, if a large number of white or yellow high-saturation areas are detected, the texture is messy and there are no objects of a specific shape, combined with clinical knowledge, it can be preliminarily judged that there may be an infection. If a yellow-green or milky white area is found, and the color feature matches the characteristics of bile-like or chylous fluid, the patient's surgical condition (such as whether it involves abdominal or thoracic duct-related surgery) is comprehensively considered to further determine whether there is a chylothorax caused by fistula or thoracic duct damage.

[0084] 3. Determination of drainage tube blockage: For the blockage of blood clots or tissue fragments in the drainage tube, the comprehensive analysis results of color, texture and shape characteristics are used. If an object with a dark red color and a specific texture (such as short-distance high grayscale correlation) and shape (block-shaped, mass-shaped) is detected in the drainage tube area, its size and position information are combined to determine whether the drainage tube is blocked. For example, if the area of ​​the blood clot or tissue fragment is large and occupies a certain proportion of the cross-section of the drainage tube (such as more than 30%), it is considered that there is a certain degree of blockage. At the same time, through the analysis of continuous image frames, if it is found that the position of the object in the drainage tube is relatively fixed and continues to exist in multiple frames of images, it is further confirmed that the blockage is relatively stable rather than a short-term flow interference. If multiple small fragments of irregular shapes, colors and textures consistent with tissues are detected, and they are gathered or dispersed in the drainage tube, it can also be judged that there is a risk of tissue fragment blockage or blockage has already formed, but the degree of blockage may be relatively light or more dispersed.

[0085] 4. Abnormal situation marking: Once an abnormal situation is identified, the abnormal area is marked on the image. For areas where the properties of the drainage fluid have changed, they are circled with boxes of different colors (such as red boxes for suspected infection areas, yellow boxes for possible fistulas or chylothorax-related areas), and the abnormal type and related feature parameters (such as the HSV value range of the color, the texture feature value, etc.) are marked next to the image. For blood clots or tissue fragments in the drainage tube, the location of the blockage is marked with a blue box, and its shape descriptor information (such as circumference, area, circularity, etc.) and an estimate of the degree of drainage tube blockage (such as mild, moderate, and severe blockage) are marked.

[0086] 5. Generate abnormality report: The results of abnormality identification are organized into a report form, including the type of abnormality (such as drainage fluid infection, bile fistula, chylothorax, drainage tube blood clot blockage, tissue fragment blockage, etc.), the time of abnormality (accurate to the time point of image acquisition), the location description of the abnormal area in the drainage tube or chest cavity (such as how many centimeters away from the drainage tube entrance, in which direction of the chest cavity, etc.) and related feature analysis data (such as color feature value, texture feature parameter, shape feature descriptor, etc.). This report is sent to the comprehensive evaluation module for comprehensive analysis with other monitoring data (such as chest pressure, patient signs, etc.), and can also be viewed by medical staff to provide intuitive and detailed basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

[0087] Furthermore, the comprehensive evaluation module combines the pressure, temperature, respiration, blood pressure and other vital signs data of the chest cavity internal drainage and the monitoring results of the abnormal identification module to comprehensively evaluate the thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage process, timely detect abnormal conditions and predict potential risks; including the following steps:

[0088] 1. Data integration: Receive real-time pressure data inside the chest cavity from the pressure acquisition module and store it in the form of a time series, for example, record a pressure value per second. At the same time, obtain data such as body temperature, respiratory rate, respiratory depth, blood pressure (systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean arterial pressure) from the vital signs monitoring module, and these data are also recorded at corresponding time intervals. Obtain drainage-related abnormality reports from the abnormality recognition module, including the type of changes in the properties of the drainage fluid (such as infection, fistula, chylothorax, etc.), the degree of blockage of blood clots or tissue fragments in the drainage tube (mild, moderate, severe), the location description of the abnormal area in the drainage tube or chest cavity, and related feature analysis data (such as color feature values, texture feature parameters, shape feature descriptors, etc.).

[0089] 2. Data standardization processing:

[0090] The intrathoracic pressure data is compared with a preset normal thoracic pressure range (eg, -5 mmHg to -10 mmHg) to calculate the ratio of the pressure deviation from the normal range.

[0091] The body temperature data is compared with the normal body temperature range (such as 36-37°C) and the body temperature deviation is calculated.

[0092] The respiratory rate and blood pressure data were processed. The normal range of respiratory rate was set at 12-20 times / minute. The normal range of blood pressure had corresponding standard values ​​according to different age groups and genders. The relative degree of deviation from the normal range was calculated.

[0093] The data of the anomaly identification module is encoded according to the anomaly type and severity.

[0094] 3. Weight allocation: Based on clinical experience and a large amount of statistical analysis, weights are allocated to different types of data. The weight of the intrathoracic pressure is set to W p =0.3, because chest pressure has a direct and critical impact on cardiopulmonary function. Body temperature weight W T =0.1, although abnormal body temperature can indicate infection and other problems, the relative pressure has a slightly slower impact. R =0.2, respiratory function is closely related to the chest state and changes are more sensitive. Blood pressure weight W B =0.2, blood pressure is affected by multiple factors such as chest pressure and circulatory system. Abnormal identification module data weight W A =0.2, which reflects the abnormal conditions of the drainage tube and drainage fluid, which is of great significance to the overall drainage effect and patient recovery.

[0095] 4. Comprehensive evaluation calculation: Combined with the chest pressure, body temperature, respiration, blood pressure and other vital signs data and the monitoring results of the abnormal recognition module, a comprehensive evaluation of the thoracic surgery anti-blocking drainage process is conducted: The comprehensive evaluation index is calculated according to the following formula: I＝Wp*kp+WT*kT+WR*kR+WA*kA+WB*kB ;

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] Where W p It is a quantitative value that gives the relative importance of the intrathoracic pressure data in the overall comprehensive assessment. Because the intrathoracic pressure has a key impact on the cardiopulmonary function, drainage effect and overall physical condition of thoracic surgery patients, its weight reflects its importance in judging the patient's condition. T is the weight of body temperature data, reflecting the weight of body temperature data in the comprehensive assessment. Changes in body temperature can indicate changes in various physical conditions such as infection, but compared with factors such as chest pressure. Ris the weight of the respiratory data. The respiratory function is closely related to the chest cavity state and the changes in respiratory data can directly reflect the changes in the patient's respiratory state. Its weight is set according to its importance to the overall assessment. B is the weight of blood pressure data. Blood pressure is affected by many factors such as chest pressure and the body's circulatory system. Its changes are also an important aspect of assessing the patient's physical condition. A is the weight of the abnormal recognition module data. The drainage tube blockage and drainage fluid property changes detected by the abnormal recognition module are extremely critical for the smooth progress of the thoracic surgery drainage process and the postoperative recovery of patients. p It is a standardized value obtained by comparing the real-time measured chest pressure with the pre-set normal chest pressure range and calculating the degree of deviation, which can intuitively reflect the deviation of the current chest pressure from the normal state. T It indicates the deviation of body temperature, which is obtained by comparing and calculating the actual measured body temperature with the normal body temperature range, and reflects the degree to which the body temperature deviates from the normal range. R It is the normalized value of respiratory data, for example, it may be obtained by comparing and converting respiratory data such as respiratory rate with the normal respiratory range, and is used to measure the change of respiratory data relative to the normal state. B It is the standardized value of blood pressure, which is obtained by standardizing the measured blood pressure value against the normal blood pressure range, and reflects the degree to which blood pressure deviates from the normal state. A Represents the quantified value after the data is encoded by the abnormal identification module. It encodes and quantifies the abnormal information monitored by the abnormal identification module, such as the type of change in the nature of the drainage fluid (different codes are used to represent different conditions such as infection, fistula, and chylothorax), the degree of blockage of blood clots or tissue fragments in the drainage tube (mild, moderate, and severe correspond to different codes), so that these abnormal conditions of different types and degrees can participate in the comprehensive evaluation in the form of a unified quantitative value. θ p is the pressure data function k p It is a coefficient parameter, the size of which determines the basic intensity of the influence of the pressure factor in the comprehensive evaluation index. It works together with other parameters to adjust the contribution of the pressure to the overall evaluation result when it deviates from the normal range. It is a parameter that affects the power relationship of the pressure deviation on the comprehensive evaluation index, and determines the rate characteristics of the growth or decay of its influence as the pressure standardization value Dp changes. Xp is used to adjust the sensitivity of the pressure to the comprehensive evaluation index when the deviation from the normal range is small. In the exponential function, the rate of change of the pressure deviation affecting the regulation is determined, and the degree of smoothness of the change of the comprehensive evaluation index is controlled when the pressure deviation is small. T It is a scaling factor used to adjust the overall magnitude of the impact of body temperature data on the comprehensive evaluation indicators. It is a parameter that determines the power relationship of the influence of body temperature deviation on the comprehensive evaluation index. T It is mainly used to adjust the sensitivity of the comprehensive evaluation index when the body temperature deviates slightly from the normal range. T and Working together, they determine the rate of change of the impact of the regulated part on the comprehensive evaluation index as the degree of body temperature deviation changes. R It is a coefficient that determines the basic intensity of the impact of respiratory data on the comprehensive evaluation index. Its size reflects the importance of respiratory factors in the entire comprehensive evaluation process, and is determined according to the criticality of respiratory function in the drainage process of thoracic surgery and the actual impact of changes in respiratory data on the patient's condition. is a parameter that specifies the power relationship between the normalized value of the respiratory data and the logarithmic function part. R In the logarithmic function part and D R Together, they are used to adjust the effect of the deviation of respiratory data on the growth of the logarithmic function. It determines the characteristics of the growth of the logarithmic function part as the respiratory data changes, so that the effect of respiratory data on the comprehensive evaluation index at different deviation degrees is more consistent with the effect of changes in respiratory function on the patient's body in actual clinical practice. R Determines the period and phase change of the cosine function when the breathing data changes. Since breathing is a periodic physiological process, Ψ R The value of θ can make the influence of respiratory data on the comprehensive evaluation index show the fluctuation characteristics related to the respiratory cycle, and better reflect the complex influence of respiratory function on the overall evaluation during the dynamic change process. A is a coefficient that is used to adjust the overall scale of the impact of blood pressure data on the comprehensive evaluation index. Its value is based on the importance of blood pressure factors in the process of thoracic surgical drainage and the actual impact of blood pressure changes on the patient's physical condition. is a parameter. B It is an adjustment parameter. By adjusting this parameter, the impact of blood pressure on the comprehensive evaluation index at different deviation levels can be made more consistent with the physiological and pathological effects of blood pressure changes in clinical practice. B This parameter can reflect the impact of blood pressure changes on the rapid growth or decay of comprehensive evaluation indicators, which is consistent with the clinical characteristics of the rapid changes in blood pressure on the patient's physical condition. A As a coefficient, it determines the basic degree of influence of the abnormal identification module data on the comprehensive evaluation index. The value is determined according to the severity of the abnormality in the thoracic surgery drainage process and the degree of critical impact on the patient's recovery. The data quantization value D of the abnormal identification module is specified A The power relationship of the impact on comprehensive evaluation indicators. AIt is a parameter that can avoid excessive changes in comprehensive evaluation indicators due to minor abnormalities, making the evaluation more consistent with the actual treatment of minor abnormalities in clinical practice. A It is a parameter that, by adjusting this parameter, can control the changing characteristics of the comprehensive evaluation indicators during the transition period from mild abnormality to severe abnormality, so that the evaluation can more accurately reflect the impact of the gradual change in the degree of abnormality on the patient's condition.

[0099] 5. Setting thresholds and abnormality judgment: The thresholds of comprehensive evaluation indicators are set based on clinical research and experience. If the calculated value exceeds the threshold, the system determines that the current thoracic surgery anti-blocking drainage process is abnormal.

[0100] 6. Risk prediction: Use machine learning algorithms (such as decision trees, neural networks, etc.) to establish a risk prediction model. The comprehensive evaluation indicators in the historical data and the final patient recovery status (such as whether complications occur, length of hospitalization, etc.) are used as training data to input the model for training. In actual operation, when it is determined that there is an abnormal situation, the current comprehensive evaluation indicators and related detailed data (such as pressure change trends, body temperature change curves, etc.) are input into the trained risk prediction model, and the model outputs the prediction results of potential risks. For example, the prediction result may be that the probability of lung infection in the next 24 hours is 30%, or the probability of drainage failure due to worsening drainage tube blockage is 20%, etc.

[0101] Risk prediction is done according to the following formula:

[0102]

[0103] In the formula, P(Y|I,X 1 ,X 2 ,...,X n ) indicates that the comprehensive evaluation index I and other detailed data X are known. 1 ,X 2 ,...,X n Under the condition of , the probability of a specific risk event is predicted. I represents the comprehensive evaluation index, which is a quantitative index obtained through a series of calculations after integrating the chest pressure, body temperature, respiration, blood pressure and other vital signs data and the monitoring results of the abnormal recognition module. X 1 ,X 2 ,...,X n Respectively represent other relevant detailed data, which are variables that describe the process of thoracic surgery drainage prevention from different perspectives. 0 is the intercept term, an important parameter in the logistic regression model. 1 , β 2 ,...β n+1are regression coefficients, which correspond to the comprehensive evaluation index I and each detailed data X. 1 ,X 2 ,...,X n The weight in the model. g(I) is a specific transformation function designed for the comprehensive evaluation index I, which aims to better fit the actual situation of thoracic surgery drainage prevention and control, and transform the original comprehensive evaluation index into nonlinear, periodic and other characteristics, so that it can better reflect the complex impact on the risk prediction probability under different value conditions. a is a power parameter, which determines the power relationship of the comprehensive evaluation index I on the g(I) function value when it is greater than 0. W 周 is the period parameter. W phase is the phase parameter; γ is the adjustment parameter. λ is the attenuation parameter. H i (X i-1 ) is for each detailed data X i-1 The purpose of the specific transformation function is to transform each detailed data in accordance with its own characteristics and the relationship between clinical practice and risk, so as to better integrate it into the logistic regression model to accurately predict the risk. i is the power parameter. i is the adjustment parameter. i is the power parameter. vi is the adjustment parameter.

[0104] 7. Result output: The comprehensive evaluation indicators, abnormal judgment results and risk prediction results are output in an intuitive form. It can be displayed on the display screen of the monitoring system, including the relationship between the changing trend of data such as pressure and body temperature and the comprehensive evaluation indicators in the form of a chart, and clearly indicate whether there are abnormalities and the possible potential risk types and probabilities in text form. These results are transmitted to the hospital's central monitoring system through the network so that medical staff can view them at any time in the office or on mobile terminals and make medical decisions in a timely manner. For example, if the risk of increased drainage tube blockage is predicted to be high, medical staff can prepare unblocking equipment or adjust the drainage plan in advance; if the risk of lung infection is predicted to increase, preventive use of antibiotics and other measures can be considered.

[0105] Furthermore, the pressure regulating module makes targeted adjustments according to the pressure inside the chest cavity through the electric vacuum pump 11 and the solenoid valve to make the chest cavity at an appropriate pressure; the following steps are included:

[0106] 1. Pressure data collection: The pressure sensor collects the pressure data inside the chest cavity in real time. It measures at a certain time interval and converts the physical quantity of pressure into a corresponding electrical signal (usually a voltage or current signal). The value of the electrical signal has a specific corresponding relationship with the measured pressure so that it can be recognized and processed by the control center later.

[0107] 2. Data transmission to the control center: The pressure sensor transmits the collected electrical signals representing the pressure to the control center through wired or wireless means. The control center has the corresponding signal receiving interface and processing module, which can accurately receive and analyze these pressure signals, restore them to specific pressure values, and provide a data basis for subsequent judgment and control operations.

[0108] 3. Decision-making and judgment of the control center:

[0109] Pressure threshold comparison: The control center has preset upper and lower threshold ranges for appropriate chest pressure. This range is determined based on a large amount of clinical data and medical expertise. For example, normal chest pressure is generally maintained between -5mmHg and -10mmHg (this is just an example, the actual range will be adjusted according to different patient groups, disease conditions and other factors). After receiving the current chest pressure value, the control center compares it with the preset threshold range.

[0110] Determine the adjustment strategy: further determine the adjustment strategy based on different control algorithms. Common control algorithms include proportional-integral-differential (PID) control algorithm, etc.: calculate the deviation between the current pressure value and the target pressure value. The larger the deviation, the stronger the adjustment effect. The adjustment amount is proportional to the deviation, which is used to quickly respond to changes in pressure. Integrating the deviation is mainly used to eliminate the steady-state error of the system. Even if there is a slight deviation in pressure for a long time, the adjustment amount can be gradually accumulated through the integral action, so that the pressure is more accurately stabilized within the target range. The adjustment amount is adjusted according to the rate of pressure change (that is, the derivative of pressure with respect to time). When the pressure changes too quickly, a larger adjustment effect is given in advance to prevent the pressure from deviating excessively from the target range, which plays a role in predicting and suppressing pressure fluctuations. The control strategy is:

[0111]

[0112] In the formula, u p is the output signal of the proportional link. This signal will be used as part of the total control output signal to subsequently control the speed (or power) of the electric vacuum pump and the opening of the solenoid valve, thereby adjusting the chest pressure. Kp is the proportional coefficient, which is a key parameter used to determine the basic influence of the pressure deviation on the output of the proportional link. △P is the pressure deviation, which is obtained by subtracting the current chest pressure value from the target pressure value (where and is the preset chest appropriate pressure threshold range). w P Is a period parameter, used to introduce the periodic fluctuation characteristics of the sine function into the proportional link output. In the context of thoracic pressure regulation, it is considered that thoracic pressure may change periodically due to respiratory cycle, heart beat or other physiological rhythms. P is the phase parameter. γ PIt is a regulating parameter, mainly used to adjust the output of the proportional link when the pressure deviation is small. P is the attenuation parameter. i It is the output signal of the integral link and is also used as part of the total control output signal to control the electric vacuum pump and the solenoid valve. Its main function is to eliminate the steady-state error of the system through the integral operation of the pressure deviation to ensure that the chest pressure can be stable near the target pressure value for a long time. K i is the integral coefficient, which determines the integral strength of the integral link to the pressure deviation. D It is the output signal of the differential link and also part of the total control output signal. D is the differential coefficient, which is used to determine the influence of the pressure deviation change rate on the output of the differential link. D is the differential adjustment parameter, which is used to limit the output of the differential link when the pressure deviation change rate is too large. U is the total control output signal; k E is the external disturbance compensation coefficient. E ext It is the quantitative value of external interference factors.

[0113] 4. Perform adjustment operations:

[0114] 4.1. Regulation of the electric vacuum pump 11: The input end of the electric vacuum pump 11 is connected to the special-shaped tee 5 through a reflux pipe, and the output end is connected to the drainage bag 2. It plays a key role in regulating the chest pressure.

[0115] When the pressure is too high: If the control center determines that the chest pressure is higher than the preset upper threshold, it will send a corresponding instruction to the electric vacuum pump 11 to increase the suction rate and speed up the extraction of gas from the chest cavity (extracting the gas in the chest cavity through the reflux tube 3 and the special-shaped tee 5, and then discharging the gas into the drainage bag 2, thereby reducing the internal pressure of the chest cavity and causing it to approach the preset appropriate pressure range.

[0116] When the pressure is too low: When the chest cavity pressure is lower than the preset lower threshold, the control center instructs the electric vacuum pump 11 to reduce the suction rate or stop suctioning to reduce the amount of gas extracted from the chest cavity.

[0117] 4.2. Solenoid valve adjustment: The solenoid valve is arranged on the reflux pipe 3, and it can control the on-off and flow rate of the gas or liquid in the reflux pipe 3.

[0118] When the pressure is too high: the control center sends an opening command to the solenoid valve, and adjusts the opening of the solenoid valve according to the degree to which the pressure exceeds the threshold (generally, the opening adjustment is achieved by controlling the current flowing through the solenoid valve, etc.), so that the gas in the chest cavity can flow more smoothly through the reflux pipe 3 to the electric vacuum pump 11 and then be discharged to the drainage bag 2, assisting the electric vacuum pump 11 to speed up the process of reducing the chest pressure and enhance the efficiency and accuracy of pressure regulation.

[0119] When the pressure is too low: the solenoid valve can be controlled to close slightly or completely (depending on the pressure conditions and the calculation results of the control algorithm) to reduce the outflow of gas in the chest cavity, which helps to maintain the pressure in the chest cavity and avoid further pressure drop, and cooperate with the work of the electric vacuum pump 11 to achieve stabilization and recovery of chest cavity pressure.

[0120] 5. Continuous monitoring and dynamic adjustment: During the process of the electric vacuum pump 11 and the solenoid valve performing the adjustment operation, the pressure sensor continuously collects the real-time pressure data inside the chest cavity and transmits it to the control center in real time. Based on the newly received data, the control center again follows the above-mentioned pressure threshold comparison and control algorithm operation process to continuously issue adjustment instructions to the electric vacuum pump 11 and the solenoid valve, forming a closed-loop pressure regulation system to dynamically maintain the chest cavity pressure within an appropriate range, ensuring the smooth progress of the thoracic surgery anti-blocking drainage process and the safety and comfort of the patient.

[0121] The present invention provides a thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage method with dynamic pressure regulation, comprising the following steps:

[0122] S1. Preparation stage: Connect the drainage pipe, return pipe and special-shaped tee, fix the positioning plate, check the installation and operation of related components, and ensure that the electric vacuum pump, solenoid valve, etc. are connected normally.

[0123] S2. Drainage process monitoring: Collect the patient's condition and physical data as a reference, and monitor the internal chest pressure and vital signs data in real time.

[0124] S3, Image acquisition and processing: The images inside the drainage tube and the chest cavity are collected by a high-definition camera, and then transmitted to the abnormality recognition module after pre-processing.

[0125] S4. Abnormality identification and assessment: Analyze the image to determine the nature of the drainage fluid and whether the drainage tube is blocked, and conduct a comprehensive assessment based on the vital signs data.

[0126] S5. Pressure regulation: Based on the internal chest pressure data, the control center adjusts the electric vacuum pump and solenoid valve to maintain appropriate chest pressure.

[0127] S6. Anti-blocking treatment: When blockage is detected, start the suction pump to flush the drainage tube with saline. If it is ineffective, use a multi-stage medical electric push rod and blade to break up the blockage.

[0128] S7. Abnormal alarm: The alarm module receives signals from the control center and promptly issues an alarm to alert medical staff.

[0129] S8, drainage end: After reaching the drainage target, turn off the equipment, dismantle the device, and complete the drainage process.

[0130] The working principle of a thoracic surgery anti-blocking drainage system with dynamic pressure regulation of the present invention is as follows: first, the drainage tube 1, the return tube 3 and the special-shaped tee 5 are connected and installed to ensure that the connection is stable and the seal is good, and the positioning plate 4 is stably attached to the patient's chest skin through medical tape or a special fixing device to provide a reliable fixing basis for the special-shaped tee 5 to ensure that the connection of each pipeline is not easily displaced. Check whether the installation of the electric turntable 6, the multi-stage medical electric push rod 8, the blade 9 and other related components are normal and can operate normally. Ensure that the input end of the electric vacuum pump 11 is connected to the end of the return tube 3, the output end is connected to the drainage bag 2, and the electromagnetic control normally closed electromagnetic valve on the return tube 3 is in a normal controllable state. Collect the patient's condition data and physical data, and mark these data as reference samples. The high-precision micro-pressure sensor set on the inner wall of the end of the drainage tube 1 collects the internal pressure of the chest cavity at all times, and transmits the pressure data to the control center in real time. Use a temperature monitor, a respiratory monitor and a blood pressure monitor to monitor the patient's body temperature, respiration and blood pressure and other vital signs data in real time, and transmit these data to the control center. The images of the inside of the drainage tube and the area near the end of the drainage tube in the chest cavity are collected by a micro high-definition camera, and high-definition image data is obtained and transmitted to the image preprocessing module. The image preprocessing module preprocesses the collected images, including filtering and denoising, graying, image enhancement and normalization, and then transmits the images to the abnormality recognition module. The abnormality recognition module analyzes and recognizes the preprocessed images to determine whether the properties of the drainage fluid have changed, and at the same time identifies whether there is a blood clot or tissue fragment blockage in the drainage tube. The comprehensive evaluation module combines the internal chest pressure, body temperature, respiration, blood pressure and other vital signs data and the monitoring results of the abnormality recognition module to comprehensively evaluate the anti-blockage drainage process of thoracic surgery, timely detect abnormal conditions and predict potential risks, and feedback to the control center if abnormal conditions are found. The control center receives the internal chest pressure data transmitted by the pressure acquisition module, and issues corresponding control instructions to the electric vacuum pump 11 and the solenoid valve on the return pipe 3 according to the preset pressure threshold and control algorithm. When the chest pressure needs to be adjusted, if the electric vacuum pump 11 needs to work, the control center controls the solenoid valve to open, and the electric vacuum pump 11 starts, so that the liquid or gas in the reflux pipe 3 flows to the electric vacuum pump 11 as required, thereby adjusting the chest pressure to an appropriate state; when the electric vacuum pump 11 stops working or an abnormal situation occurs, the solenoid valve is quickly closed to prevent the drainage fluid from flowing back into the chest cavity. When the monitoring mechanism detects that the drainage tube may be blocked or the drainage is not smooth (such as the abnormal identification module finds that there is a blockage-related abnormality, and the comprehensive evaluation module determines that the drainage is not smooth, etc.), the suction pump 10 starts. The suction pump 10 transports the saline in the saline storage tank 12 to the nozzle 14 through the flushing channel 13. The saline is sprayed at a pressure of 20-50kPa, forming a spiral water flow in the drainage tube, and the blood clots, tissue debris, etc. in the tube wall and the tube are flushed in all directions, so that the loose blood clots or mucous blockages are dispersed and discharged with the drainage fluid.If the blockage in the drainage tube still cannot be effectively removed, start the multi-stage medical electric push rod 8 to drive the blade 9 to move to the blocked position, and drive the multi-stage medical electric push rod 8 and the blade 9 to rotate through the electric turntable 6 to break the blockage and make the drainage tube 1 unblocked. When the alarm module (alarm) receives a signal from the control center that there is an abnormal situation or potential risk, it will issue an alarm in time to remind medical staff to pay attention and take corresponding measures. When the drainage reaches the expected goal (such as the amount and properties of the drainage fluid meet the requirements, the patient's vital signs are stable, etc.), turn off the electric vacuum pump 11, turn off all monitoring equipment, carefully remove the positioning plate 4 and various connecting pipes and other devices, and complete the entire thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage process.

[0131] The present invention can improve drainage efficiency and safety. By real-time monitoring of the internal pressure of the chest cavity through a high-precision micro-pressure sensor, and combining other vital signs data (such as body temperature, respiration, blood pressure, etc.), it can achieve precise control of the drainage process, ensure that the chest pressure is maintained in an appropriate range, and thus improve the drainage efficiency. The real-time monitoring and abnormal identification functions can timely detect abnormal conditions in the drainage process, such as drainage tube blockage, changes in the properties of the drainage fluid, etc., so as to quickly take measures to ensure the safety of the patient. Intelligent anti-blocking treatment can be carried out, and an anti-blocking treatment mechanism combining physiological saline flushing and mechanical crushing is introduced. When the drainage tube is detected to be blocked, the blockage is first tried to be cleared by physiological saline flushing. If the effect is not good, the mechanical crushing device is started to ensure that the drainage tube is unobstructed. This intelligent anti-blocking treatment method not only improves the processing efficiency, but also reduces the manual intervention of medical staff and reduces the operational risk. The comprehensive evaluation module can combine a variety of monitoring data to comprehensively evaluate the drainage process, timely discover potential risks, and feedback to the control center.

[0132] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage system with dynamic pressure regulation, comprising a drainage tube, a drainage bag, a reflux tube, a positioning plate, a special-shaped tee, an electric turntable, a multi-stage medical electric push rod, a blade, an electric vacuum pump and a monitoring mechanism; characterized in that: A special-shaped tee is fixedly arranged on the positioning plate, and a drainage pipe and a return pipe are connected to the special-shaped tee; the end of the return pipe is connected to the input end of the electric vacuum pump; and a solenoid valve is arranged on the return pipe; The output end of the electric vacuum pump is connected to the drainage bag; A protective shell is detachably fixed on the positioning disk; an electric turntable is fixed on the protective shell, a multi-stage medical electric push rod is fixed on the output end of the electric turntable, and a movable rod of the multi-stage medical electric push rod is sealingly slidably matched with the special-shaped three-way joint; a plurality of blades are fixedly provided at the end of the movable rod of the multi-stage medical electric push rod, and the blades can slide in the special-shaped three-way joint and the drainage tube; A pressure sensor and a miniature high-definition camera are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the end of the drainage tube; A monitoring mechanism is fixedly installed on the protective shell to monitor the anti-blocking and drainage process of thoracic surgery and detect abnormal situations in time.

2. The thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage system with dynamic pressure regulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inner wall of the drainage tube is provided with a flushing channel, a nozzle is fixedly provided at the end of the flushing channel, the nozzle is arranged at the end of the drainage tube, the other end of the flushing channel is connected to a suction pump through a pipeline, and the input end of the suction pump is connected to a physiological saline storage tank.

3. The thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage system with dynamic pressure regulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The monitoring agencies include: Data collection module: collect a large amount of patient data, including disease condition data and physical data; annotate the data as a reference sample; Pressure collection module: including pressure sensor, which collects the internal pressure of the chest cavity at all times; Vital sign monitoring module: including body temperature monitor, respiration monitor and blood pressure monitor; real-time monitoring of the patient's body temperature, respiration and blood pressure signs; Image acquisition module: including a high-definition camera to collect high-definition images of the drainage process in thoracic surgery; using a micro high-definition camera to capture images of the inside of the drainage tube and the area near the end of the drainage tube in the chest cavity; Image preprocessing module: preprocess the collected images, including filtering and denoising, grayscale, image enhancement and normalization; Abnormal identification module: Analyze and identify the pre-processed images to identify abnormal conditions in the drainage process of thoracic surgery; identify blood clots or tissue fragments blocking the drainage tube; Comprehensive evaluation module: Combined with the monitoring results of the chest cavity pressure, body temperature, respiration and blood pressure vital signs data drainage and abnormal identification modules, a comprehensive evaluation of the chest surgery anti-blockage drainage process is conducted to promptly detect abnormalities and predict potential risks; Pressure regulation module: Through the electric vacuum pump and solenoid valve, targeted adjustments are made according to the internal pressure of the chest cavity to maintain appropriate pressure; the pressure sensor collects data in real time and transmits it to the control center, which issues instructions based on the preset threshold and control algorithm, and realizes precise regulation of chest cavity pressure through the cooperation of the electric vacuum pump and solenoid valve; Alarm module: including an alarm, which sounds an alarm when abnormal conditions or potential risks are detected; Control center: connected to the data collection module, electric vacuum pump, pressure collection module, vital sign monitoring module, image collection module, image preprocessing module, abnormality recognition module, comprehensive evaluation module and alarm module network.

4. The thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage system with dynamic pressure regulation according to claim 3 is characterized by: The abnormality identification module comprises: Feature extraction unit: including color feature extraction, texture feature extraction and shape feature extraction; Feature analysis unit: compares the extracted color, texture and shape features with the pre-established normal drainage fluid feature database; if the hue and saturation in the color feature exceed the range of normal bloody or clear exudate, and the texture feature shows increased unevenness, and the shape feature has no obvious regular objects, it is judged that the properties of the drainage fluid may have changed; Drainage tube blockage judgment unit: For the blockage of blood clots or tissue fragments in the drainage tube, the unit makes a judgment based on the comprehensive analysis results of color, texture and shape characteristics; if an object with a dark red color and a specific texture and shape is detected in the drainage tube area, the unit judges whether the drainage tube is blocked based on its size and position information; Abnormality marking unit: once an abnormality is identified, the abnormal area is marked on the image; Generate abnormality report unit: organize the results of abnormality identification into a report form, including the abnormality type, the time when the abnormality occurred, the location description of the abnormal area in the drainage tube or chest cavity, and related feature analysis data.

5. The thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage system with dynamic pressure regulation according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The comprehensive assessment module includes: Data integration unit: receives real-time pressure data inside the chest cavity from the pressure acquisition module and stores it in the form of time series; obtains drainage-related abnormality reports from the abnormality recognition module; Data standardization processing unit: for the chest cavity internal pressure data, compare it with the preset normal chest cavity pressure range, and calculate the ratio of pressure deviation from the normal range; for the body temperature data, compare it with the normal body temperature range, and calculate the body temperature deviation; process the respiratory rate and blood pressure data, and calculate the relative degree of deviation from the normal range; for the data of the abnormality identification module, encode according to the abnormality type and severity; Weight allocation unit: Assign weights to different types of data based on clinical experience and statistical analysis of large amounts of data; Comprehensive evaluation calculation unit: Combined with the chest cavity pressure, body temperature, respiration and blood pressure sign data and the monitoring results of the abnormal recognition module, a comprehensive evaluation of the chest surgery anti-blockage drainage process is performed: Setting threshold and abnormal judgment unit: The threshold of comprehensive evaluation index is set according to clinical research and experience. If the calculated value exceeds the threshold, it is judged that the current thoracic surgery anti-blocking drainage process is abnormal; Risk prediction unit: A neural network machine learning algorithm is used to establish a risk prediction model, and the comprehensive evaluation indicators in the historical data and the final patient recovery status are used as training data to input the model for training; in actual operation, when an abnormal situation is determined, the current comprehensive evaluation indicators and related detailed data are input into the trained risk prediction model, and the model outputs the potential risk prediction results; Result output unit: outputs comprehensive evaluation indicators, abnormal judgment results and risk prediction results in an intuitive form.

6. The thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage system with dynamic pressure regulation according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The comprehensive evaluation calculation unit calculates the comprehensive evaluation index according to the following formula: Where W p It is a quantitative value that gives the relative importance of the intrathoracic pressure data in the overall comprehensive assessment; W R is the weight of the respiratory data; W B is the weight of blood pressure data; W A is the weight of the abnormal identification module data; D p It is a standardized value obtained by comparing the real-time measured chest pressure with the pre-set normal chest pressure range and calculating the degree of deviation; D T It indicates the deviation of body temperature; D R Normalized value for respiratory data; D B is the normalized value of blood pressure; D A Represents the quantized value after the abnormal identification module data is encoded; θ p is the pressure data function k p A coefficient parameter of is a parameter that affects the power relationship of the pressure deviation degree on the comprehensive evaluation index; Xp is used to adjust the sensitivity of the pressure to the comprehensive evaluation index when it deviates from the normal range; Ψp is In the exponential function, the rate of change of the pressure deviation affecting the regulation is determined, and the degree of smoothness of the change of the comprehensive evaluation index is controlled when the pressure deviation is small; θ T is a scaling factor; is a parameter that determines the power relationship of the influence of body temperature deviation on the comprehensive evaluation index; X T Used to adjust the sensitivity of the impact on comprehensive evaluation indicators when the body temperature deviates slightly from the normal range; T and Working together, it determines the rate of change of the impact of the regulated part on the comprehensive evaluation index as the degree of body temperature deviation changes; θ R is a coefficient that determines the basic intensity of the impact of respiratory data on the comprehensive evaluation index; is a parameter that specifies the power relationship between the normalized value of the respiratory data and the logarithmic function part; X R In the logarithmic function part and D R Together, they are used to adjust the effect of the deviation of respiratory data on the growth of the logarithmic function; Ψ R Determines the period and phase change of the cosine function when the respiratory data changes; θ A is the coefficient used to adjust the overall scale of the impact of blood pressure data on the comprehensive evaluation index; is a parameter; X B is the adjustment parameter; B is a parameter; θ A As coefficients, the basic degree of influence of the anomaly identification module data on the comprehensive evaluation indicators is determined; The data quantization value D of the abnormal identification module is specified A The power relationship of the impact on comprehensive evaluation indicators; X A is a parameter; A is a parameter.

7. The thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage system with dynamic pressure regulation according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The risk prediction unit performs risk prediction according to the following formula: Where, P(Y|I,X1,X2,...,X n ) indicates that when the comprehensive evaluation index I and other detailed data X1, X2, ..., X n Under the condition of, predict the probability of a specific risk event; I represents the comprehensive evaluation index; X1, X2, ..., X n Respectively represent other relevant detailed data; β0 is the intercept term; β1, β2, ...β n+1 are regression coefficients, corresponding to the comprehensive evaluation index I and the detailed data X1, X2, ..., X n The weight in the model; g(I) is a specific transformation function designed for the comprehensive evaluation index I; a is the power parameter; W 周 is the period parameter; W phase is the phase parameter; γ is the adjustment parameter; λ is the attenuation parameter; H i (X i-1 ) is for each detailed data X i-1 The specific transformation function of the design; θ i is the power parameter; u i is the adjustment parameter; i is the power parameter; vi is the adjustment parameter.

8. The thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage system with dynamic pressure regulation according to claim 3 is characterized by: The pressure regulating module comprises: Pressure data acquisition unit: The pressure sensor collects the pressure data inside the chest cavity in real time; Data transmission to the control center unit: The pressure sensor transmits the collected electrical signal representing the pressure to the control center through wired or wireless means; Control center decision-making unit: The control center presets the upper and lower threshold ranges of the appropriate chest pressure. After receiving the current chest pressure value, the control center compares it with the preset threshold range and determines the adjustment strategy according to different control algorithms; Execution adjustment operation unit: including electric vacuum pump adjustment and solenoid valve adjustment; Electric vacuum pump adjustment: If the control center determines that the chest pressure is higher than the preset upper threshold, it sends a corresponding instruction to the electric vacuum pump to increase the suction rate and speed up the extraction of gas from the chest cavity, thereby reducing the internal pressure of the chest cavity and causing it to approach the preset appropriate pressure range; when the chest pressure is lower than the preset lower threshold, the control center instructs the electric vacuum pump to reduce the suction rate or suspend suction to reduce the amount of gas extracted from the chest cavity; Solenoid valve adjustment: When the pressure is too high, the control center sends an opening command to the solenoid valve, and adjusts the opening of the solenoid valve according to the degree to which the pressure exceeds the threshold, so that the gas in the chest cavity can flow more smoothly through the reflux pipe to the electric vacuum pump and then be discharged to the drainage bag, assisting the electric vacuum pump to speed up the process of reducing chest pressure; when the pressure is too low, the solenoid valve is controlled to be opened slightly or completely closed to reduce the outflow of gas in the chest cavity, and cooperate with the work of the electric vacuum pump to achieve the stability and recovery of chest pressure; Continuous monitoring and dynamic adjustment unit: During the adjustment operation of the electric vacuum pump and the solenoid valve, the pressure sensor continuously collects real-time pressure data inside the chest cavity and transmits it to the control center in real time. Based on the newly received data, the control center again compares the pressure threshold and controls the operation process of the algorithm, and continuously issues adjustment instructions to the electric vacuum pump and the solenoid valve, forming a closed-loop pressure regulation system to dynamically maintain the chest cavity pressure within an appropriate range.

9. The thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage system with dynamic pressure regulation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The control strategy of the decision-making unit of the control center is: In the formula, u p is the output signal of the proportional link; Kp is the proportional coefficient; △P is the pressure deviation; w P is the period parameter; ψ P is the phase parameter; γ P It is a regulating parameter, which is mainly used to adjust the output of the proportional link when the pressure deviation is small; P is the attenuation parameter; U i is the output signal of the integral link; K i is the integration coefficient; u D is the output signal of the differential link; K D is the differential coefficient; ζ D is the differential adjustment parameter; U is the total control output signal; k E is the external disturbance compensation coefficient; E ext It is the quantitative value of external interference factors.

10. The thoracic surgery anti-blockage drainage system with dynamic pressure regulation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nozzle is arranged obliquely toward the positioning plate.

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