High-gain large-angle beam deflection antenna based on metasurface

Abstract

The invention provides a high-gain large-angle beam deflection antenna based on a metasurface, and relates to the technical field of wireless communication. Comprising a first metasurface structure and a dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure which are arranged at an interval from top to bottom; the first metasurface structure is composed of a plurality of first annular patches, a plurality of first cross-shaped round patches, a plurality of first square annular patches, a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate, and the plurality of first annular patches which are periodically arranged are printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate; a plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches which are periodically arranged are printed on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, the plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches are connected to the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate, and a plurality of first square annular patches which are periodically arranged are printed on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate; the outer diameters of the first annular patches are not changed, and the inner diameters of the first annular patches are reduced along the positive half axis of the x axis. The outer diameters of the first square annular patches are not changed, and the inner diameters of the first square annular patches are reduced along the positive half axis of the x axis. Therefore, the antenna beam deflection is controlled, and the antenna gain is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a high-gain, large-angle beam deflection antenna based on a metasurface. Background Art

[0002] In modern wireless communication systems, the importance of indoor wireless signal coverage and enhancement is becoming increasingly prominent. The millimeter wave frequency band signals used in the fifth generation mobile communication technology (5G) technology will encounter significant wall penetration loss in indoor environments, which poses a challenge to signal propagation. In order to meet this challenge, researchers have turned their attention to metasurface technology. Metasurface technology can achieve precise control of beams by adjusting the phase, amplitude and other characteristics of electromagnetic waves, thus playing an important role in wireless communications. In actual urban environments, 5G millimeter wave signals may be blocked by buildings, affecting signal coverage, while metasurface technology can improve the coverage and quality of 5G millimeter wave signals, providing users with a better network experience. Therefore, by combining metasurface structures and antennas, signal enhancement and redirection in wireless communications can be achieved, making the combination of metasurface structures and antennas an important issue in wireless communication systems.

[0003] At present, Wuhan University of Science and Technology has proposed a polarization-insensitive phase gradient metasurface structure in its patent application "Polarization-insensitive phase gradient metasurface" (application number: 201511016833.8, publication number: CN105552564 A). The metasurface structure consists of nine small units to form a 3×3 metasurface array. Each small unit contains three structures with different geometric parameters, which are combined to form a fixed phase gradient. However, the phase difference between adjacent unit structures is a fixed constant, and the metasurface structure is insensitive to the polarization direction of the incident electromagnetic wave, which makes the metasurface structure only have the characteristic of polarization insensitivity, making it difficult to improve the antenna gain and control the antenna beam deflection. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a high-gain, large-angle beam deflection antenna based on a metasurface, so as to solve the problem that the metasurface structure is difficult to improve the antenna gain and control the antenna beam deflection.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a high-gain large-angle beam deflection antenna based on a metasurface, comprising: a first metasurface structure and a dual-polarization microstrip antenna structure; The first metasurface structure is arranged in parallel above the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure, and a normal line passing through a geometric center of the first metasurface structure coincides with a normal line passing through a geometric center of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure; The first metasurface structure is composed of a plurality of first circular patches, a plurality of first cross circular patches, a plurality of first square circular patches, a first dielectric substrate, and a second dielectric substrate. The upper surface of the first dielectric substrate is printed with a plurality of first circular patches arranged periodically, the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate is printed with a plurality of first cross circular patches arranged periodically, and the plurality of first cross circular patches are connected to the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate, the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate is printed with a plurality of first square circular patches arranged periodically, and the plurality of first cross circular patches are patches with cross hollowing opened in the circular patches. The outer diameters of the multiple first circular patches remain unchanged, the inner diameters of the multiple first circular patches gradually decrease along the positive half axis of the x-axis, the sizes of the multiple first cross circular patches remain unchanged, the outer diameters of the multiple first square ring patches remain unchanged, and the inner diameters of the multiple first square ring patches gradually decrease along the positive half axis of the x-axis.

[0006] In some embodiments, the metasurface-based high-gain large-angle beam steering antenna further includes a second metasurface structure; The second supersurface structure is arranged parallel to the first supersurface structure, and the normal line passing through the geometric center of the second supersurface structure, the normal line passing through the geometric center of the first supersurface structure and the normal line passing through the geometric center of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure remain coincident.

[0007] In some embodiments, the second metasurface structure is composed of a plurality of second circular patches, a plurality of second cross circular patches, a plurality of second square ring patches, a third dielectric substrate, and a fourth dielectric substrate. The upper surface of the third dielectric substrate is printed with a plurality of second circular patches arranged periodically, the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate is printed with a plurality of second cross circular patches arranged periodically, and the plurality of second cross circular patches are connected to the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate, the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate is printed with a plurality of second square ring patches arranged periodically, and the plurality of second cross circular patches are patches with cross hollowing opened in the circular patches. The outer diameters of the multiple second circular patches remain unchanged, the inner diameters of the multiple second circular patches gradually decrease along the positive half axis of the x-axis, the sizes of the multiple second cross circular patches remain unchanged, the outer diameters of the multiple second square ring patches remain unchanged, and the inner diameters of the multiple second square ring patches gradually decrease along the positive half axis of the x-axis.

[0008] In some embodiments, the material of the plurality of first circular patches and the plurality of first cross circular patches are polycarbonate, the relative dielectric constant of the plurality of first circular patches and the plurality of first cross circular patches is 2.8, the material of the plurality of first square ring patches is copper, the material of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are polytetrafluoroethylene, and the relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate is 2.2; The materials of the multiple second circular patches and the multiple second cross circular patches are both polycarbonate, and the relative dielectric constants of the multiple second circular patches and the multiple second cross circular patches are 2.8. The material of the multiple second square ring patches is copper. The materials of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate are both polytetrafluoroethylene, and the relative dielectric constants of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate are 2.2.

[0009] In some embodiments, the thickness of the first metasurface structure and the second metasurface structure are both 1 / 33 of the operating wavelength.

[0010] In some embodiments, the height between the first metasurface structure and the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure is half the operating wavelength; The height between the first supersurface structure and the second supersurface structure is 8 mm.

[0011] In some embodiments, the thickness of the plurality of first circular patches, the plurality of first cross circular patches, the plurality of first square circular patches, the plurality of second circular patches, the plurality of second cross circular patches, and the plurality of second square circular patches are all 0.1 mm; The thickness of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are both 0.4 mm; The thickness of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate are both 0.4 mm.

[0012] In some embodiments, the inner diameter of the plurality of first circular ring patches ranges from 5 mm to 13 mm, the cross hollowing of the plurality of first cross circular patches is two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollowings, the lengths of the two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollowings are both 12 mm, the widths of the two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollowings are both 4 mm, the inner diameter of the plurality of first square ring patches ranges from 5 mm to 13 mm, the outer diameters of the plurality of first circular ring patches, the circular outer diameters of the plurality of first cross circular patches, and the outer diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches are all 13.5 mm; The inner diameters of the multiple second circular ring patches range from 5mm to 13mm, the cross hollowing of the multiple second cross circular patches is two mutually perpendicular second rectangular hollowings, the lengths of the two mutually perpendicular second rectangular hollowings are both 12mm, and the widths of the two mutually perpendicular second rectangular hollowings are both 4mm. The inner diameters of the multiple second square ring patches range from 5mm to 13mm, and the outer diameters of the multiple second circular ring patches, the circular outer diameters of the multiple second cross circular patches, and the outer diameters of the multiple second square ring patches are all 13.5mm.

[0013] In some embodiments, the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure includes a first dielectric substrate layer, a square radiation patch, a second dielectric substrate layer, two feed lines, a third dielectric substrate layer, and an L-shaped cavity ground plane structure, wherein the L-shaped cavity ground plane structure is a structure in which an L-shaped cavity is opened on a ground plane, and the L-shaped cavity is composed of two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities; A square radiation patch is arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate layer, and the square radiation patch is connected to the center position of the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate layer; Two feed lines are arranged on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate layer, the two feed lines are arranged at intervals and the extension lines of the two feed lines are perpendicular, and part of the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate layer and part of the two feed lines are connected to the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate layer; An L-shaped cavity grounding plane structure is arranged on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate layer.

[0014] In some embodiments, the L-shaped cavity is used to fill with air, the height of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities is 3 mm, the length of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities is 12.5 mm, and the width of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities is 4.3 mm.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the high-gain large-angle beam deflection antenna based on the metasurface provided by the present invention comprises a first metasurface structure and a dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure; the first metasurface structure is arranged in parallel above the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure, and the normal passing through the geometric center of the first metasurface structure coincides with the normal passing through the geometric center of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure; the first metasurface structure is composed of a plurality of first circular patches, a plurality of first cross circular patches, a plurality of first square ring patches, a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate, the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate is printed with a plurality of periodically arranged first circular patches, and the first dielectric substrate is provided with a plurality of first square ring patches. The lower surface of the dielectric substrate is printed with a plurality of first cross circular patches arranged periodically, and the plurality of first cross circular patches are connected to the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate, and the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate is printed with a plurality of first square ring patches arranged periodically, and the plurality of first cross circular patches are patches with cross hollowing in the circular patches; the outer diameters of the plurality of first ring patches remain unchanged, the inner diameters of the plurality of first ring patches gradually decrease along the positive semi-axis of the x-axis, the sizes of the plurality of first cross circular patches remain unchanged, the outer diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches remain unchanged, and the inner diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches gradually decrease along the positive semi-axis of the x-axis. In this way, by adjusting the inner diameters of the plurality of first ring patches along the positive semi-axis of the x-axis and adjusting the inner diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches along the positive semi-axis of the x-axis, the control of the antenna beam deflection is achieved, thereby improving the antenna gain. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] By reading the detailed description below with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily understood. In the accompanying drawings, several embodiments of the present invention are shown in an exemplary and non-limiting manner, and the same or corresponding reference numerals represent the same or corresponding parts, wherein: Figure 1 The structure diagram of a high-gain, large-angle beam steering antenna based on a metasurface is schematically shown; Figure 2 schematically shows a front view of a first metasurface structure; Figure 3 The structure diagram of an antenna with high gain and large angle beam steering having two metasurface structures is schematically shown; Figure 4 Schematic diagrams of three types of patches are shown; Figure 5 schematically shows a top view of a plurality of first annular patches; Figure 6 schematically shows a top view of a plurality of first cross circular patches; Figure 7 schematically shows a bottom view of a plurality of first square ring patches; Figure 8A schematic diagram of a dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure is schematically shown; Fig. 9 A diagram schematically shows the relationship between the reflection phase and the reflection amplitude as a function of frequency; Fig.10 The diagram schematically shows the relationship between the reflection phase and amplitude at 9 GHz and the length of the inner diameter of the circular ring and the inner diameter of the square ring; Fig.11 The frequency response analysis result diagram under different polarizations is schematically shown; Fig.12 Schematically showing the cross isolation analysis results under different polarizations; Fig.13 A diagram schematically showing the variation of the reflection phase with the frequency under the conditions of different first circular ring patch inner diameters and different first square ring patch inner diameters; Fig.14 Schematically showing a comparison of directional gains of a single metasurface structure, two metasurface structures, and no metasurface applied; Fig.15 Schematic diagram showing the comparison of beam directions after rotating a single metasurface structure around the normal.

[0017] Description of reference numerals: 1. First metasurface structure; 11. Multiple first circular patches; 12. Multiple first cross circular patches; 13. Multiple first square ring patches; 14. First dielectric substrate; 15. Second dielectric substrate; 2. Dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure; 21. L-shaped cavity ground plane structure; 22. Square radiation patch; 23. Two feed lines; 24. First dielectric substrate layer; 25. Second dielectric substrate layer; 26. Third dielectric substrate layer; 3. Second metasurface structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The detailed description of the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings are used to exemplarily illustrate the principles of the present invention, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention. The present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

[0019] The following is a detailed description of a high-gain, large-angle beam deflection antenna based on a metasurface in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] See also Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 The structure diagram of a high-gain large-angle beam deflection antenna based on a metasurface is schematically shown. An embodiment of the present invention proposes a high-gain large-angle beam deflection antenna based on a metasurface, comprising: a first metasurface structure 1 and a dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2; The first metasurface structure 1 is arranged in parallel above the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2, and a normal line passing through the geometric center of the first metasurface structure 1 coincides with a normal line passing through the geometric center of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2; The first metasurface structure 1 is composed of a plurality of first circular patches 11, a plurality of first cross circular patches 12, a plurality of first square ring patches 13, a first dielectric substrate 14 and a second dielectric substrate 15. The upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 14 is printed with a plurality of first circular patches 11 arranged periodically, the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 14 is printed with a plurality of first cross circular patches 12 arranged periodically, and the plurality of first cross circular patches 12 are connected to the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 15, the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 15 is printed with a plurality of first square ring patches 13 arranged periodically, and the plurality of first cross circular patches 12 are patches with cross hollowing opened in the circular patches; The outer diameters of the multiple first circular patches 11 remain unchanged, the inner diameters of the multiple first circular patches 11 gradually decrease along the positive half axis of the x-axis, the sizes of the multiple first cross circular patches 12 remain unchanged, the outer diameters of the multiple first square ring patches 13 remain unchanged, and the inner diameters of the multiple first square ring patches 13 gradually decrease along the positive half axis of the x-axis.

[0021] Specifically, the first metasurface structure 1 generates different reflection phases by keeping the size of the multiple first cross circular patches 12 unchanged and changing the inner diameters of the multiple first circular patches 11 and the inner diameters of the multiple first square ring patches 13. After the multiple first circular patches 11 with different inner diameters and the multiple first square ring patches 13 with different inner diameters are periodically arranged, a phase gradient surface with a phase gradient that changes approximately uniformly will appear along a specific direction.

[0022] Figure 2 The schematic diagram shows a front view of the first metasurface structure 1, in which a plurality of first circular patches 11, a first dielectric substrate 14, a plurality of first cross circular patches 12, a second dielectric substrate 15 and a plurality of first square ring patches 13 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. Specifically, the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 14 is printed with a plurality of first circular patches 11 arranged periodically, the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 14 is printed with a plurality of first cross circular patches 12 arranged periodically, and the plurality of first cross circular patches 12 are connected to the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 15, and the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 15 is printed with a plurality of first square ring patches 13 arranged periodically.

[0023] In this embodiment, Figure 3The structural diagram of a high-gain, large-angle beam deflection antenna with two metasurface structures is schematically shown. The metasurface-based high-gain, large-angle beam deflection antenna also includes a second metasurface structure 3; the second metasurface structure 3 is arranged in parallel above the first metasurface structure 1, and the normal passing through the geometric center of the second metasurface structure 3, the normal passing through the geometric center of the first metasurface structure 1, and the normal passing through the geometric center of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2 are kept coincident.

[0024] Specifically, the first supersurface structure 1 supports a cascade configuration, and a second supersurface structure 3 parallel to the first supersurface structure 1 is arranged above the first supersurface structure 1. The first supersurface structure 1 is identical to the second supersurface structure 3.

[0025] The first supersurface structure 1 and the second supersurface structure 3 have polarization-insensitive characteristics. The first supersurface structure 1 and the second supersurface structure 3 can be rotated along the normal of the geometric center of the first supersurface structure 1 and the normal of the geometric center of the second supersurface structure 3, so that by rotating the first supersurface structure 1 and the second supersurface structure 3, a polarization beam scanning of 360° can be achieved.

[0026] In this embodiment, the second metasurface structure 3 is composed of a plurality of second circular patches, a plurality of second cross circular patches, a plurality of second square ring patches, a third dielectric substrate and a fourth dielectric substrate. The upper surface of the third dielectric substrate is printed with a plurality of second circular patches arranged periodically, the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate is printed with a plurality of second cross circular patches arranged periodically, and the plurality of second cross circular patches are connected to the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate, the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate is printed with a plurality of second square ring patches arranged periodically, and the plurality of second cross circular patches are patches with cross hollowing opened in the circular patches; The outer diameters of the multiple second circular patches remain unchanged, the inner diameters of the multiple second circular patches gradually decrease along the positive half axis of the x-axis, the sizes of the multiple second cross circular patches remain unchanged, the outer diameters of the multiple second square ring patches remain unchanged, and the inner diameters of the multiple second square ring patches gradually decrease along the positive half axis of the x-axis.

[0027] Specifically, the second metasurface structure 3 generates different reflection phases by keeping the sizes of the multiple second cross circular patches unchanged and changing the inner diameters of the multiple second circular patches and the inner diameters of the multiple second square ring patches. After the multiple second circular patches with different inner diameters and the multiple second square ring patches with different inner diameters are periodically arranged, a phase gradient surface with a phase gradient that changes approximately uniformly will appear along a specific direction.

[0028] The first metasurface structure 1 and the second metasurface structure 3 are used at different frequencies. Each metasurface structure enables the maximum beam deflection angle of the antenna to be 30°, and the maximum gain is increased by 11.9 dB.

[0029] In this embodiment, the material of the plurality of first circular patches 11 and the plurality of first cross circular patches 12 are both polycarbonate, the relative dielectric constant of the plurality of first circular patches 11 and the plurality of first cross circular patches 12 is 2.8, the material of the plurality of first square ring patches 13 is copper, the material of the first dielectric substrate 14 and the second dielectric substrate 15 are both polytetrafluoroethylene, and the relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate 14 and the second dielectric substrate 15 is 2.2; The materials of the multiple second circular patches and the multiple second cross circular patches are both polycarbonate, and the relative dielectric constants of the multiple second circular patches and the multiple second cross circular patches are 2.8. The material of the multiple second square ring patches is copper. The materials of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate are both polytetrafluoroethylene, and the relative dielectric constants of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate are 2.2.

[0030] In this embodiment, the thickness of the first supersurface structure 1 and the second supersurface structure 3 are both 1 / 33 of the working wavelength.

[0031] Specifically, the thickness of the first supersurface structure 1 and the second supersurface structure 3 are both thin, only 1 / 33 of the working wavelength, for example, the thickness of the first supersurface structure 1 and the second supersurface structure 3 are both 1.1 mm.

[0032] In this embodiment, the height between the first metasurface structure 1 and the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2 is half the operating wavelength; The height between the first supersurface structure 1 and the second supersurface structure 3 is 8 mm.

[0033] Specifically, the first metasurface structure 1 is loaded in parallel above the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2, and the loading height between the first metasurface structure 1 and the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2 is 16.7 mm. The antenna operating frequency determines the loading height, which is half of the operating wavelength. When the loading height is 16.7 mm, within the 9 GHz operating frequency range, the first metasurface structure 1 can improve the antenna gain and antenna beam deflection effect.

[0034] In this embodiment, the thickness of the plurality of first circular patches 11, the plurality of first cross circular patches 12, the plurality of first square circular patches 13, the plurality of second circular patches, the plurality of second cross circular patches, and the plurality of second square circular patches are all 0.1 mm; The thickness of the first dielectric substrate 14 and the second dielectric substrate 15 are both 0.4 mm; The thickness of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate are both 0.4 mm.

[0035] In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the plurality of first circular ring patches 11 ranges from 5 mm to 13 mm, the cross hollowing of the plurality of first cross circular patches 12 is two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollowings, the lengths of the two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollowings are both 12 mm, the widths of the two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollowings are both 4 mm, the inner diameter of the plurality of first square ring patches 13 ranges from 5 mm to 13 mm, the outer diameters of the plurality of first circular ring patches 11, the circular outer diameters of the plurality of first cross circular patches 12, and the outer diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches 13 are all 13.5 mm; The inner diameters of the multiple second circular ring patches range from 5mm to 13mm, the cross hollowing of the multiple second cross circular patches is two mutually perpendicular second rectangular hollowings, the lengths of the two mutually perpendicular second rectangular hollowings are both 12mm, and the widths of the two mutually perpendicular second rectangular hollowings are both 4mm. The inner diameters of the multiple second square ring patches range from 5mm to 13mm, and the outer diameters of the multiple second circular ring patches, the circular outer diameters of the multiple second cross circular patches, and the outer diameters of the multiple second square ring patches are all 13.5mm.

[0036] Specifically, Figure 4 Schematic diagrams of three patches are shown schematically, see Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The leftmost one is a first circular patch among the plurality of first circular patches 11. The inner diameter of the plurality of first circular patches 11 refers to the length of the first inner circle diameter. The outer diameter of the plurality of first circular patches 11 refers to the length of the first outer circle diameter. The inner diameter of the plurality of first circular patches 11 is expressed as , the outer diameters of the first annular patches 11 are expressed as . Figure 4 The middle one is one of the first cross circular patches 12. The lengths of the two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollows in the first cross circular patches 12 are the same. The lengths of the two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollows in the first cross circular patches 12 are both expressed as , the widths of two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollows in the plurality of first cross circular patches 12 are the same, and the widths of two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollows in the plurality of first cross circular patches 12 are expressed as , the circular outer diameter of the plurality of first cross circular patches 12 is expressed as . Figure 4 The rightmost one is a first square ring patch among the plurality of first square ring patches 13. The inner diameter of the plurality of first square ring patches 13 refers to the length of the vertical distance between the two parallel sides of the first inner square ring. The outer diameter of the plurality of first square ring patches 13 refers to the length of the vertical distance between the two parallel sides of the first outer square ring. The inner diameter of the plurality of first square ring patches 13 is expressed as The outer diameters of the first square ring patches 13 are expressed as .

[0037] Specifically, the inner diameters of the first annular patches 11 are The range of the first cross circular patches 12 gradually decreases from 13 mm to 5 mm, and the size of the first cross circular patches 12 remains unchanged, that is, the length of the two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollows of the first cross circular patches 12 and the width of two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollows of the plurality of first cross circular patches 12 The outer diameter of the first cross circular patch 12 remains unchanged. The inner diameter of the plurality of first square ring patches 13 remains unchanged. The range is gradually reduced from 13 mm to 5 mm.

[0038] Since the inner diameters of the multiple first square ring patches 13 along the positive semi-axis direction of the x-axis are different, and the inner diameters of the multiple first circular ring patches 11 along the positive semi-axis direction of the x-axis are different, the reflection phase of the first supersurface structure 1 changes approximately uniformly along this direction, which constitutes the phase gradient surface of the first supersurface structure 1, thereby effectively controlling the deflection direction of the antenna beam.

[0039] Specifically, the inner diameter of the plurality of second annular patches refers to the length of the second inner ring diameter, and the outer diameter of the plurality of second annular patches refers to the length of the second outer ring diameter. The inner diameter of the plurality of second annular patches is expressed as , the outer diameters of the second annular patches are expressed as The lengths of two mutually perpendicular second rectangular hollows in the plurality of second cross circular patches are the same, and the lengths of two mutually perpendicular second rectangular hollows in the plurality of second cross circular patches are both expressed as , the widths of two mutually perpendicular second rectangular hollows in the plurality of second cross circular patches are the same, and the widths of two mutually perpendicular second rectangular hollows in the plurality of second cross circular patches are expressed as , the circular outer diameter of multiple second cross circular patches is expressed as The inner diameter of the plurality of second square ring patches refers to the length of the perpendicular distance between the two parallel sides of the second inner square ring, and the outer diameter of the plurality of second square ring patches refers to the length of the perpendicular distance between the two parallel sides of the second outer square ring. The inner diameter of the plurality of second square ring patches is expressed as , the outer diameters of the second square ring patches are expressed as .

[0040] The inner diameter of the second annular patches The range of the second cross circular patches gradually decreases from 13 mm to 5 mm, and the size of the second cross circular patches remains unchanged, that is, the length of the two mutually perpendicular second rectangular hollows of the second cross circular patches is and the width of two mutually perpendicular second rectangular hollows of the plurality of second cross circular patches The circular outer diameter of the plurality of second cross circular patches remains unchanged. The inner diameter of the second square ring patch remains unchanged. The range is gradually reduced from 13mm to 5mm.

[0041] Since the inner diameters of the multiple second square ring patches along the positive semi-axis direction of the x-axis are different, and the inner diameters of the multiple second circular ring patches along the positive semi-axis direction of the x-axis are different, the reflection phase of the second supersurface structure 3 changes approximately uniformly along this direction, which constitutes the phase gradient surface of the second supersurface structure 3, thereby effectively controlling the deflection direction of the antenna beam.

[0042] The plurality of first circular ring patches 11, the plurality of first cross circular patches 12 and the plurality of first square ring patches 13 are arranged in a periodic pattern, and the periodic length is 15 mm.

[0043] The arrangement layout of the multiple first circular patches 11 and the multiple first square ring patches 13 is the same, that is, the number of the multiple first circular patches 11 along the positive semi-axis of the x-axis is the same as the number of the multiple first square ring patches 13 along the positive semi-axis of the x-axis, the number of the multiple first circular patches 11 along the positive semi-axis direction of the y-axis is the same as the number of the multiple first square ring patches 13 along the positive semi-axis direction of the y-axis, and the inner diameters of the multiple first circular patches 11 and the inner diameters of the multiple first square ring patches 13 gradually decrease along the positive semi-axis of the x-axis.

[0044] Figure 5 A top view of a plurality of first annular patches 11 is schematically shown. There are 9×9 first annular patches 11, and the 9×9 first annular patches 11 are periodically arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 14. The inner diameters of the 9 first annular patches 11 in each row of the first annular patches along the positive semi-axis direction of the y-axis are the same, and the inner diameters of the 9 first annular patches 11 in each column of the first annular patches along the positive semi-axis direction of the x-axis are different. The inner diameters of the 9 first annular patches 11 in each column of the first annular patches along the positive semi-axis direction of the x-axis are specifically expressed as: , the inner diameters of the nine first annular patches 11 in each column of the first annular patches along the positive semi-axis direction of the x-axis are as follows from large to small: 13mm, 12mm, 11mm, 10mm, 9mm, 8mm, 7mm, 6mm, 5mm.

[0045] Figure 6 The top view of a plurality of first cross circular patches 12 is schematically shown. There are 9×9 first cross circular patches 12 , and the 9×9 first cross circular patches 12 are periodically arranged on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 15 .

[0046] Figure 7 A bottom view of a plurality of first square annular patches 13 is schematically shown. There are 9×9 first square annular patches 13, and the 9×9 first square annular patches 13 are periodically arranged on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 15. The inner diameters of the 9 first square annular patches 13 in each row of the first square annular patches along the positive semi-axis direction of the y-axis are the same, and the inner diameters of the 9 first square annular patches 13 in each column of the first square annular patches along the positive semi-axis direction of the x-axis are different. The inner diameters of the 9 first square annular patches 13 in each column of the first square annular patches along the positive semi-axis direction of the x-axis are specifically expressed as: , the inner diameters of the nine first square annular patches 13 in each column of the first square annular patches along the positive semi-axis direction of the x-axis are as follows from large to small: 13mm, 12mm, 11mm, 10mm, 9mm, 8mm, 7mm, 6mm, 5mm.

[0047] The size of the multiple second circular patches of the second metasurface structure 3 is the same as the size of the multiple first circular patches 11 of the first metasurface structure 1, and the size of the multiple second square ring patches of the second metasurface structure 3 is the same as the size of the multiple first square ring patches 13 of the first metasurface structure 1. There are 9×9 multiple second circular patches, and the inner diameters of the 9 second circular patches in each row of second circular patches along the positive semi-axis direction of the y-axis are the same, and the inner diameters of the 9 second circular patches in each column of second circular patches along the positive semi-axis direction of the x-axis are different. The inner diameters of the 9 second circular patches in each column of second circular patches along the positive semi-axis direction of the x-axis are specifically expressed as: , the inner diameters of the nine second circular patches in each column of the second circular patches along the positive semi-axis direction of the x-axis are as follows from large to small: 13mm, 12mm, 11mm, 10mm, 9mm, 8mm, 7mm, 6mm, 5mm. There are 9×9 second cross circular patches. There are 9×9 second square annular patches. The inner diameters of the 9 second square annular patches in each row along the positive semi-axis direction of the y-axis are the same, and the inner diameters of the 9 second square annular patches in each column along the positive semi-axis direction of the x-axis are different. The inner diameters of the 9 second square annular patches in each column along the positive semi-axis direction of the x-axis are expressed as: , the inner diameters of the nine second square ring patches in each column of the second square ring patches along the positive semi-axis direction of the x-axis are as follows from large to small: 13mm, 12mm, 11mm, 10mm, 9mm, 8mm, 7mm, 6mm, 5mm.

[0048] When the sizes of the multiple first cross circular patches 12 of the first metasurface structure 1 remain unchanged and the inner diameters of the multiple first circular patches 11 and the inner diameters of the multiple first square ring patches 13 gradually decrease, the average phase difference between each first circular patch and each first square ring patch is maintained at about 10°, achieving a reflection phase coverage of about 80°, and the reflection amplitude is always maintained at a level higher than 0.95.

[0049] In this embodiment, Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2 is schematically shown. The dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2 includes a first dielectric substrate layer 24, a square radiation patch 22, a second dielectric substrate layer 25, two feed lines 23, a third dielectric substrate layer 26, and an L-shaped cavity ground plane structure 21. The L-shaped cavity ground plane structure 21 is a structure in which an L-shaped cavity is opened on a ground plane. The L-shaped cavity is composed of two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities. A square radiation patch 22 is provided on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate layer 24, and the square radiation patch 22 is connected to the center position of the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate layer 25; Two feed lines 23 are arranged on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate layer 26, the two feed lines 23 are arranged at intervals and the extension lines of the two feed lines 23 are perpendicular, and part of the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate layer 26 and part of the two feed lines 23 are connected to the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate layer 25; An L-shaped cavity ground plane structure 21 is disposed on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate layer 26 .

[0050] In this embodiment, the L-shaped cavity is used to fill air, the height of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities is 3 mm, the length of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities is 12.5 mm, and the width of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities is 4.3 mm.

[0051] Specifically, the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2 is based on a Fabry-Perot cavity antenna. The L-shaped cavity is filled with air. The two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities that make up the L-shaped cavity are of the same size. The height of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities is 3 mm, the length of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities is 12.5 mm, and the width of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities is 4.3 mm.

[0052] The relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate layer 24, the second dielectric substrate layer 25 and the third dielectric substrate layer 26 in the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2 is 2.2. The thickness of the first dielectric substrate layer 24 is 1.5 mm, the thickness of the second dielectric substrate layer 25 is 3 mm, and the thickness of the third dielectric substrate layer 26 is 0.5 mm. The material of the first dielectric substrate layer 24, the second dielectric substrate layer 25 and the third dielectric substrate layer 26 is polytetrafluoroethylene. The length of the square radiation patch 22 is 6 mm, and the width of the square radiation patch 22 is 6 mm. The two feed lines 23 have the same shape and size, both of the two feed lines 23 are square, the length of the two feed lines 23 is 15.5 mm, and the width of the two feed lines 23 is 1.5 mm. The material of the L-shaped cavity ground plane structure 21 is metal copper.

[0053] Fig. 9 Schematically shows the relationship between reflection phase and reflection amplitude as a function of frequency, see Fig. 9 As shown, the horizontal axis is frequency, which refers to the frequency of the high-gain large-angle beam deflection antenna based on the metasurface of the present invention, the vertical axis on the left is the reflection phase, the vertical axis on the right is the reflection amplitude, the straight line with a circle is the reflection phase, and the straight line with a square is the reflection amplitude. The performance of the first metasurface structure 1 is verified by using electromagnetic simulation tools, and the reflection characteristics of the first metasurface structure 1 at a frequency of 7.0 GHz-11.0 GHz are verified. The reflection characteristics include reflection phase and reflection amplitude. The reflection phase of the first metasurface structure 1 decreases with increasing frequency, while the reflection amplitude of the first metasurface structure 1 is always maintained at a level higher than 0.9.

[0054] Fig.10The diagram schematically shows the relationship between the reflection phase and amplitude as the inner diameter of the circular ring and the inner diameter length of the square ring at 9 GHz. The inner diameter of the circular ring is the inner diameter of the plurality of first circular ring patches 11, the inner diameter of the square ring is the inner diameter of the plurality of first square ring patches 13, the horizontal axis is the length of the circular ring inner diameter and the square ring inner diameter, the vertical axis on the left is the reflection phase, the vertical axis on the right is the reflection amplitude, the straight line with a circle is the reflection phase, and the straight line with a square is the reflection amplitude. When the size of the plurality of first cross circular patches 12 remains unchanged, as the inner diameters of the plurality of first circular ring patches 11 and the plurality of first square ring patches 13 decrease, the reflection phase of the first metasurface structure 1 increases approximately linearly, and the reflection amplitude of the first metasurface structure 1 increases first and then decreases, which shows that the phase gradient between each first circular ring patch and each first square ring patch is changed by adjusting the inner diameters of the plurality of first circular ring patches 11 and the inner diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches 13 in the first metasurface structure 1.

[0055] Fig.11 The frequency response analysis results under different polarizations are schematically shown. Fig.12 The cross isolation analysis results under different polarizations are schematically shown. Fig.11 and Fig.12 The horizontal axis is the frequency, the vertical axis on the left is the reflection phase, and the vertical axis on the right is the reflection amplitude. Fig.11 and Fig.12 The straight lines with circles are the reflection phases of transverse electric waves to transverse electric waves, the straight lines with squares are the reflection phases of transverse magnetic waves to transverse magnetic waves, the straight lines with triangles are the reflection amplitudes of transverse electric waves to transverse electric waves, and the straight lines with diamonds are the reflection amplitudes of transverse magnetic waves to transverse magnetic waves. The polarization characteristics are the reflection characteristics and cross-polarization isolation of the first metasurface structure 1 in the frequency range of 7.0GHz-11.0GH, see Fig.11 and Fig.12 As shown, the first metasurface structure 1 has the same reflection characteristics in the transverse magnetic mode (TM) and the transverse electric mode (TE) and has extremely low cross-polarization isolation, which proves that the first metasurface structure 1 has low sensitivity to polarization.

[0056] Fig.13 The diagram schematically shows the variation of the reflection phase with frequency under different first circular ring patch inner diameters and different first square ring patch inner diameters, where the horizontal axis is the frequency and the vertical axis is the reflection phase. Fig.13 The straight line with a circle in the middle represents the inner diameter of the first circular patch and the inner diameter of the first square ring patch All are reflection phases under 13mm conditions. The straight line with a five-pointed star represents the inner diameter of the first circular patch. and first-party ring patches The inner diameters are all reflection phases under the condition of 12mm. The straight line with hexagon represents the inner diameter of the first circular patch. and the inner diameter of the first square ring patch The reflection phases are all under the condition of 11mm. The straight line with rectangle represents the inner diameter of the first circular patch. and the inner diameter of the first square ring patch The reflection phases are all under the condition of 10mm. The straight line with diamonds represents the inner diameter of the first circular patch. and the inner diameter of the first square ring patch All are reflection phases under 9mm conditions. The straight line with an equilateral triangle represents the inner diameter of the first circular patch. and the inner diameter of the first square ring patch The reflection phases are all under 8mm conditions. The straight line with an inverted triangle represents the inner diameter of the first circular patch. and the inner diameter of the first square ring patch The reflection phases are all under the condition of 7mm. The straight line with the arrow pointing to the right represents the inner diameter of the first circular patch. and the inner diameter of the first square ring patch The reflection phases are all under 6mm conditions. The straight line with an arrow pointing to the left represents the inner diameter of the first circular patch. and the inner diameter of the first square ring patch All are reflection phases under 5mm conditions. In the frequency range of 7.0GHz-11.0GH, the average phase difference between adjacent first square ring patches, adjacent first circular ring patches and adjacent first cross circular patches is maintained at about 10°, and the first square ring patch with a gradient phase of about 10°, the first circular ring patch with a gradient phase of about 10° and the first cross circular patch with a gradient phase of about 10° are obtained. At the same time, combined with Fig.10 It is verified that the first metasurface structure 1 achieves a reflection phase coverage of about 80° at 9 GHz.

[0057] Fig.14The directional gain comparison diagram of a single metasurface structure, two metasurface structures and no metasurface is schematically shown. The horizontal axis is the azimuth, the vertical axis is the directivity, the evenly spaced dotted line is a single metasurface, i.e., a single metasurface structure, the solid line is two metasurfaces, i.e., two metasurface structures, and the unevenly spaced dotted line is no metasurface. The beam deflection when the first metasurface structure 1 acts alone is 30°, while the beam deflection when the first metasurface structure 1 and the second metasurface structure 3 act together is 49°. The maximum gain of the fed antenna is 5.1 dB when the metasurface structure is not applied. After loading the first metasurface structure 1, the gain is effectively increased to 17.0 dB. After loading the first metasurface structure 1 and the second metasurface structure 3, the gain is effectively increased to 16.6 dB. The maximum gain of the antenna with the first metasurface structure 1 is increased by 11.9 dB, and the maximum gain of the antenna loaded with two metasurface structures is increased by 11.5 dB. The first metasurface structure 1 and the second metasurface structure 3 successfully achieve large-angle beam deflection and significantly improve the gain.

[0058] Fig.15 The figure schematically shows the comparison of the beam direction after rotating a single metasurface structure around the normal line. The single metasurface structure is the first metasurface structure 1. The evenly spaced long dashed line indicates that the rotation angle of the first metasurface structure 1 is 0°, the solid line indicates that the rotation angle of the first metasurface structure 1 is 60°, the evenly spaced dashed line indicates that the rotation angle of the first metasurface structure 1 is 120°, and the evenly spaced short dashed line indicates that the rotation angle of the first metasurface structure 1 is 240°. Based on the polarization-insensitive characteristics of the first metasurface structure 1, the first metasurface structure 1 can be rotated along the normal line of the geometric center of the first metasurface structure 1 to achieve beam scanning within the range of 0 to 360° in the plane. It can be seen from the phase gradient partial reflection metasurface that the phase gradient partial reflection metasurface is not rotated, rotated by 60°, rotated by 120°, and rotated by 240° that the beam deflection of 30° is maintained, and the main beam direction is consistent with the rotation direction of the phase gradient partial reflection metasurface.

[0059] Under the condition that there is only the first supersurface structure 1, the antenna beam can be deflected and enhanced, and has polarization-insensitive characteristics. When the first supersurface structure 1 is rotated along the normal of the geometric center of the first supersurface structure 1, the antenna beam deflection direction is consistent with the rotation direction of the first supersurface structure 1, thereby realizing polarized 360° beam scanning on the plane where the first supersurface structure 1 is located. The first supersurface structure 1 supports cascade use, that is, the second supersurface structure 3 is loaded on the first supersurface structure 1. Under the condition that there are two supersurface structures, that is, the second supersurface structure 3 is added, compared with only the first supersurface structure 1, the deflection angle of the antenna beam can be further improved, thereby enhancing signal coverage and directional capabilities.

[0060] The high-gain, large-angle beam deflection antenna based on a metasurface of an embodiment of the present invention comprises a first metasurface structure 1 and a dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2; the first metasurface structure 1 is arranged in parallel above the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2, and a normal passing through the geometric center of the first metasurface structure 1 coincides with a normal passing through the geometric center of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2; the first metasurface structure 1 is composed of a plurality of first circular patches 11, a plurality of first cross circular patches 12, a plurality of first square ring patches 13, a first dielectric substrate 14 and a second dielectric substrate 15, the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 14 is printed with a plurality of periodically arranged first circular patches 11, and the first dielectric substrate 14 is provided with a plurality of first circular patches 11 arranged in a periodic manner. The lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 15 is printed with a plurality of first cross circular patches 12 arranged periodically, and the plurality of first cross circular patches 12 are connected to the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 15, and the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 15 is printed with a plurality of first square ring patches 13 arranged periodically, and the plurality of first cross circular patches 12 are patches with cross hollowing in the circular patch; the outer diameters of the plurality of first circular patches 11 remain unchanged, the inner diameters of the plurality of first circular patches 11 gradually decrease along the positive semi-axis of the x-axis, the sizes of the plurality of first cross circular patches 12 remain unchanged, the outer diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches 13 remain unchanged, and the inner diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches 13 gradually decrease along the positive semi-axis of the x-axis. In this way, by adjusting the inner diameters of the plurality of first circular patches 11 along the positive semi-axis of the x-axis and adjusting the inner diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches 13 along the positive semi-axis of the x-axis, the control of the antenna beam deflection is achieved, and thus the antenna gain can be improved.

[0061] Although some specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail by way of examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above examples are for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments may be modified or some technical features may be replaced by equivalents without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. In particular, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict.

[0062] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-gain, large-angle beam-steering antenna based on a metasurface, characterized in that: include: The first metasurface structure and dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure; The first supersurface structure is arranged in parallel above the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure, and a normal line passing through a geometric center of the first supersurface structure coincides with a normal line passing through a geometric center of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure; The first metasurface structure is composed of a plurality of first circular patches, a plurality of first cross circular patches, a plurality of first square ring patches, a first dielectric substrate, and a second dielectric substrate. The upper surface of the first dielectric substrate is printed with the plurality of first circular patches arranged periodically. The lower surface of the first dielectric substrate is printed with the plurality of first cross circular patches arranged periodically, and the plurality of first cross circular patches are connected to the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate. The lower surface of the second dielectric substrate is printed with the plurality of first square ring patches arranged periodically. The plurality of first cross circular patches are patches with cross hollowing opened in the circular patches. The outer diameters of the multiple first circular patches remain unchanged, and the inner diameters of the multiple first circular patches gradually decrease along the positive half axis of the x-axis. The sizes of the multiple first cross circular patches remain unchanged, and the outer diameters of the multiple first square ring patches remain unchanged, and the inner diameters of the multiple first square ring patches gradually decrease along the positive half axis of the x-axis.

2. The high-gain, large-angle beam steering antenna based on a metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metasurface-based high-gain, large-angle beam deflection antenna further includes a second metasurface structure; The second supersurface structure is arranged parallel to the first supersurface structure, and the normal passing through the geometric center of the second supersurface structure, the normal passing through the geometric center of the first supersurface structure and the normal passing through the geometric center of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure remain coincident.

3. The high-gain, large-angle beam steering antenna based on a metasurface according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second metasurface structure is composed of a plurality of second circular patches, a plurality of second cross circular patches, a plurality of second square ring patches, a third dielectric substrate and a fourth dielectric substrate, the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate is printed with the plurality of second circular patches arranged periodically, the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate is printed with the plurality of second cross circular patches arranged periodically, and the plurality of second cross circular patches are connected to the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate, the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate is printed with the plurality of second square ring patches arranged periodically, and the plurality of second cross circular patches are patches with cross hollowing opened in the circular patches; The outer diameters of the multiple second circular patches remain unchanged, the inner diameters of the multiple second circular patches gradually decrease along the positive half axis of the x-axis, the sizes of the multiple second cross circular patches remain unchanged, the outer diameters of the multiple second square ring patches remain unchanged, and the inner diameters of the multiple second square ring patches gradually decrease along the positive half axis of the x-axis.

4. The high-gain, large-angle beam steering antenna based on a metasurface according to claim 3, characterized in that: The materials of the plurality of first circular patches and the plurality of first cross circular patches are both polycarbonate, the relative dielectric constants of the plurality of first circular patches and the plurality of first cross circular patches are 2.8, the material of the plurality of first square ring patches is copper, the materials of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are both polytetrafluoroethylene, the relative dielectric constants of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are 2.2; The materials of the multiple second circular patches and the multiple second cross circular patches are both polycarbonate, and the relative dielectric constants of the multiple second circular patches and the multiple second cross circular patches are 2.

8. The material of the multiple second square ring patches is copper, and the materials of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate are both polytetrafluoroethylene, and the relative dielectric constants of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate are 2.

2.

5. The high-gain, large-angle beam steering antenna based on a metasurface according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the first supersurface structure and the second supersurface structure are both 1 / 33 of the working wavelength.

6. The high-gain, large-angle beam steering antenna based on a metasurface according to claim 2, characterized in that: The height between the first metasurface structure and the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure is half of the operating wavelength; The height between the first supersurface structure and the second supersurface structure is 8 mm.

7. The high-gain, large-angle beam steering antenna based on a metasurface according to claim 3, characterized in that: The thickness of the plurality of first circular patches, the plurality of first cross circular patches, the plurality of first square circular patches, the plurality of second circular patches, the plurality of second cross circular patches, and the plurality of second square circular patches are all 0.1 mm; The thickness of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are both 0.4 mm; The thickness of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate are both 0.4 mm.

8. The high-gain, large-angle beam steering antenna based on a metasurface according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner diameters of the plurality of first circular ring patches are in the range of 5 mm to 13 mm, the cross hollowing of the plurality of first cross circular patches is two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollowings, the lengths of the two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollowings are both 12 mm, the widths of the two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollowings are both 4 mm, the inner diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches are in the range of 5 mm to 13 mm, the outer diameters of the plurality of first circular ring patches, the circular outer diameters of the plurality of first cross circular patches and the outer diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches are all 13.5 mm; The inner diameters of the multiple second circular ring patches range from 5mm to 13mm, the cross hollowings of the multiple second cross circular patches are two mutually perpendicular second rectangular hollowings, the lengths of the two mutually perpendicular second rectangular hollowings are both 12mm, the widths of the two mutually perpendicular second rectangular hollowings are both 4mm, the inner diameters of the multiple second square ring patches range from 5mm to 13mm, and the outer diameters of the multiple second circular ring patches, the circular outer diameters of the multiple second cross circular patches and the outer diameters of the multiple second square ring patches are all 13.5mm.

9. The high-gain, large-angle beam steering antenna based on a metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure includes a first dielectric substrate layer, a square radiation patch, a second dielectric substrate layer, two feed lines, a third dielectric substrate layer and an L-shaped cavity ground plane structure, wherein the L-shaped cavity ground plane structure is a structure in which an L-shaped cavity is opened on a ground plane, and the L-shaped cavity is composed of two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities; The square radiation patch is disposed on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate layer, and the square radiation patch is connected to the center position of the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate layer; The two feed lines are arranged on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate layer, the two feed lines are arranged at intervals and the extension lines of the two feed lines are perpendicular, and part of the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate layer and part of the two feed lines are connected to the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate layer; The lower surface of the third dielectric substrate layer is provided with the L-shaped cavity grounding plane structure.

10. The high-gain, large-angle beam steering antenna based on a metasurface according to claim 9, characterized in that: The L-shaped cavity is used to fill with air, the height of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities is 3 mm, the length of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities is 12.5 mm, and the width of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities is 4.3 mm.

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