C / Ku dual-frequency common-caliber phased array scanning antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a C / Ku double-frequency common-caliber phased array scanning antenna, and relates to the technical field of scanning antennae, the C / Ku double-frequency common-caliber phased array scanning antenna comprises a Ku frequency band patch and a C frequency band antenna oscillator, and the Ku frequency band patch and the C frequency band antenna oscillator are distributed on a perforated printed board in a square array according to the caliber surface; all the C-frequency-band antenna oscillators are arranged in the same direction and are perpendicular to the polarization direction of the ku-frequency-band microstrip patch, the Ku-frequency-band patch and the C-frequency-band antenna oscillators both adopt a coaxial feed form, and the Ku-frequency-band patch adopts a coupling slot form to radiate the patch; in the strip line polarization direction of the Ku frequency band microstrip patch, a dummy dummy C oscillator without excitation is arranged between two adjacent C frequency band antenna oscillators in each row and each column of C frequency band antennas. According to the invention, the microstrip patch of the ku frequency band and the oscillator antenna of the C frequency band are reasonably arranged and are in the same spatial range, and a dummy encryption decoupling technology is adopted, so that the dual-frequency antenna array planes with different physical forms are integrated, and the coupling effect is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of scanning antennas, and more specifically to the technical field of C / Ku dual-frequency co-aperture phased array scanning antennas. Background Art

[0002] Traditional mechanically scanned passive radar scanning antennas often have disadvantages such as a single operating frequency, occupying a large space, having low scanning sensitivity, and requiring mechanical structure support, and are gradually being eliminated.

[0003] In today's era, phased array antennas are developing towards high power, miniaturization, multi-band, and multi-polarization. Miniaturized, multi-band radar antennas have many advantages. In wireless communications and electronic warfare, there is often a need for multi-band collaborative work, with high and low frequency bands working separately. High-frequency band detection has high accuracy, which is convenient for fine image processing. Low-frequency band signals have longer wavelengths, travel farther, have stronger penetration, and have stronger diffraction capabilities, making them more suitable for long-distance search and detection. Combining high- and low-frequency phased array antennas can complement each other's strengths and weaknesses, and can also increase the antenna's anti-interference ability and adaptability to various harsh environments. The integration method of multi-frequency division caliber phased arrays is the most common. Although this method can solve the coupling problem between array elements in different frequency bands, it has a large area, which is not conducive to platform integration and miniaturization of phased array antennas.

[0004] Microstrip patch antenna structures are widely used in communication, radar, navigation and other fields. They have a simple structure, are easy to conformally install on the surface, and are easy to integrate with other antenna structure components. In theoretical research, the radiation mechanism of microstrip patch antennas is also relatively mature. At present, there are many methods for miniaturization and multi-frequency operation of microstrip patches, such as loading parasitic units, slotting gaps to extend the current path, and loading treatment of radiation plates. However, these methods are relatively complex and may narrow the relative bandwidth of the antenna and affect the resonant frequency. For antenna structures, in addition to planar antennas mainly composed of metal surfaces, there are also wire antennas mainly composed of wires and metal rods. This type of antenna is mainly suitable for long wave, short wave and ultra-short wave bands. Typical wire antennas include vibrator antennas, which are simple to process, easy to install, and have large power capacity. In addition, for phased arrays working in multiple frequency bands, two different types of antenna components are easier to integrate and achieve the purpose of decoupling. The common aperture technology allows antenna components operating in different frequency bands to be loaded within the same antenna installation aperture, reducing the degree of interference between frequency bands to a controllable range, and solving the multi-frequency operation problem of phased array antennas. Antennas with different polarization directions can be installed within the same aperture to receive and transmit electromagnetic waves in different polarization directions according to the working mode. The common aperture antenna has a compact structure and occupies a small space, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the antenna and saves costs.

[0005] Although multi-band antennas have many advantages, they also introduce some new problems within a limited space, such as coupling between array elements, insufficient space utilization, small scanning range, and reduced gain. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above technical problems and provide a C / Ku dual-frequency co-aperture phased array scanning antenna.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a C / Ku dual-frequency co-aperture phased array scanning antenna, comprising an antenna mounting plate, a perforated printed board arranged on the antenna mounting plate, a vibrator array and a patch array arranged on the perforated printed board, wherein the patch array is a plurality of Ku-band microstrip patches distributed on the perforated printed board in a square array according to the aperture surface; the vibrator array is a plurality of C-band antenna vibrators distributed on the perforated printed board in a square array according to the aperture surface; all C-band antenna vibrators are arranged in the same direction and perpendicular to the polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patch, the Ku-band patch and the C-band antenna vibrator are both coaxially fed, and the Ku-band patch radiates the patch in a coupling slot form;

[0009] In the stripline polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patch, a pseudo-dummy C oscillator without excitation is arranged between two adjacent C-band antenna oscillators in each row and each column of the C-band antenna.

[0010] Specifically, the C-band antenna vibrator needs a certain interval when working on the array surface to avoid affecting the scanning angle range of the C-band antenna vibrator. For the polarization direction of the C-band antenna vibrator, it is necessary to install pseudo-dummy C vibrators that do not require excitation at intervals, that is, a pseudo-dummy C vibrator without excitation is set between two adjacent C-band antennas in each row and column of C-band antennas. The purpose of setting up this structure is to ensure that the periodicity of the distribution is not destroyed when the Ku array surface radiates, so that the coupling between the C-band antenna vibrator and the Ku-band patch can be released. There are two vibrator excitation modes, one is the C-band antenna vibrator that is excited in actual implementation, and the other is the pseudo-dummy C vibrator that does not require excitation.

[0011] All C-band antenna elements are arranged in the same direction and perpendicular to the polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patch. This arrangement enables the dual-bands to work independently without causing too much interference.

[0012] In one embodiment, each C-band antenna element is vertically fastened to the perforated printed circuit board through a rectangular flange;

[0013] Each C-band antenna element antenna includes an inner conductor, a metal shell sleeved outside the inner conductor, and two bent element arms symmetrically arranged on the top of the metal shell. The two bent element arms are coaxial with the coaxial feed line, and the metal shell is connected to the coaxial feed line through a flange.

[0014] Specifically, if Figure 2 As shown, a single C-band antenna vibrator is mainly composed of an inner conductor, a metal shell, a bent vibrator arm, and a metal structural part. The bent vibrator arm is formed by bending two straight metal conductors, the width between the two arms is 12mm, the arm length is 8.3mm, and it is a symmetrical structure. The bent vibrator arm is connected to the metal shell, and the metal shell is connected to the coaxial feed line through a flange. The entire C-band antenna vibrator is vertically fixed on the perforated printed circuit board through the flange.

[0015] In one embodiment, the Ku-band microstrip patch is mounted on a perforated printed circuit board through a microstrip antenna dielectric board, and the microstrip antenna dielectric board includes, from top to bottom, a first dielectric board, a second dielectric board, a third dielectric board, and a fourth dielectric board;

[0016] The Ku-band microstrip patch includes a parasitic patch layer located above the first dielectric plate, a radiation patch layer located above the second dielectric plate, a slotted metal plate with gap coupling is arranged below the second dielectric plate, a microstrip line is arranged at the bottom of the third dielectric plate, the inner conductor of the coaxial feed line of the coaxial feeding structure passes through the fourth dielectric plate to be connected to the strip line, is fed to the microstrip line through the coaxial feed line, and then is coupled to the radiation patch layer through the slotted metal plate gap, and the coaxial feeding structure is connected to the back-end RF component.

[0017] Specifically, if Figure 3 As shown, the parasitic patch layer is above the first dielectric plate, and the radiation patch layer is below the first dielectric plate. The second dielectric plate is above the second dielectric plate, and the slotted metal plate with slots on it is below the second layer. There is a stripline below the third dielectric plate, which can couple energy to the double-layer microstrip patch of the radiation patch layer through the slot. An enlarged disc structure is used at the end of the stripline to match the impedance. Below the stripline is a coaxial feeding structure of the Ku band. The coaxial inner conductor passes through the fourth dielectric plate and is connected to the stripline. Below the fourth plate is a metal conductor bottom plate, which is connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial feeding structure.

[0018] The Ku-band microstrip patches are distributed in a 360mm diameter cut-off circular aperture according to a cross-diameter distribution. The polarization direction of all array elements is consistent, but adjacent array elements are symmetrical, with a phase difference of 180° when excited. The polarization direction of the C-band antenna element needs to be perpendicular to the polarization direction of the patch, so that a dual-band co-aperture phased array antenna can be realized.

[0019] In one embodiment, the third dielectric plate and the fourth dielectric plate are respectively the first feed layer and the second feed layer. The first feed layer and the second feed layer are shielded by an annular shielding column structure that penetrates the first feed layer and the second feed layer. The annular shielding column structure encloses the strip line and the coaxial feeding structure inside to suppress the coupling between two adjacent Ku-band microstrip patches.

[0020] Specifically, if Figure 4 As shown, four Ku-band microstrip patches are grouped together to form a periodic structure, and the strip lines of two adjacent Ku-band microstrip patches on each row are in opposite directions; the radiation layer adopts a metal shielding column structure to prevent energy dissipation from affecting the radiation performance; the feeding layer directly adopts a ring-shaped shielding column structure to enclose the strip line and the coaxial feeding structure to suppress the coupling between the Ku-band microstrip patches.

[0021] In one embodiment, every four adjacent Ku-band microstrip patches form a group, and the microstrip coupling slot opening direction is the stripline direction, which is also the polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patch when it is working. The four Ku-band microstrip patches in each group are distributed in a square array.

[0022] In one embodiment, every four adjacent Ku-band microstrip patches form a group, the geometric center position of each group of four Ku-band microstrip patches is the position of the rear-end RF component of the C-band antenna vibrator, and the C-band antenna vibrator is vertically installed at this geometric center.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, it mainly includes an antenna mounting plate, a perforated printed circuit board arranged on the antenna mounting plate, a vibrator array and a patch array arranged on the perforated printed circuit board, and the perforated printed circuit board is provided with a plurality of avoidance holes for installing the vibrator array.

[0024] On the entire aperture surface of the perforated printed circuit board, there are Ku-band microstrip patches with four corners cut off and cross-distributed. The Ku-band microstrip patches are divided into two layers and distributed on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate and the upper surface of the second dielectric plate.

[0025] On the entire aperture surface of the perforated printed circuit board, there are C-band antenna elements and pseudo-dummy C-band elements with four corners cut off and distributed crosswise. The C-band antenna elements and pseudo-dummy C-band elements are distributed alternately in columns; the Ku-band microstrip patch and the C-band antenna elements are compactly arranged.

[0026] On the entire aperture surface of the perforated printed circuit board, there are C-band antenna elements and pseudo-dummy C-elements with four corners cut off and distributed crosswise. The centers of the four Ku-band microstrip patches are used as the centers of a C-band antenna element or a pseudo-dummy C-elements to determine the overall array position.

[0027] In one embodiment, the array distribution shapes of the Ku-band microstrip patch and the C-band antenna element are consistent.

[0028] The Ku-band microstrip patch and the C-band antenna element are compactly arranged within the aperture surface of the antenna mounting plate with a diameter of 360 mm, forming a co-aperture phased array. The number ratio of the Ku-band microstrip patch and the C-band antenna element is 4 to 5:1.

[0029] In one embodiment, the Ku-band microstrip patch is a coaxial feed inner conductor transition stripline, and the end of the stripline is a disc structure to adapt to impedance matching.

[0030] In one embodiment, the bending parts of the two bent dipole arms of the C-band antenna dipole are chamfered, and the length of the bent part and the unbent part is 1:1;

[0031] The top of the metal shell of the C-band antenna vibrator is symmetrically provided with slots, and is vertically fixed on the perforated printed circuit board through a rectangular flange.

[0032] This solution uses two different types of antenna components, microstrip patch and dipole antenna, which are compactly arranged to fully utilize the space and carry out miniaturized design. The width between the two dipole arms is 12mm, and the dipole arms are bent to increase the seismic resistance of the overall structure and the influence of the overall array time interval. The spacing between the dipoles on the aperture plane is 9.2mm, and a part of the dipoles are replaced by pseudo dummy C dipoles, so that the dipoles will not contact each other and affect the scanning angle of the phased array antenna; the symmetrical slot structure on the metal shell of the dipole has been optimized to have good impedance matching performance and improve the power capacity of a single dipole; the standing wave ratio of a single dipole unit within the working frequency band is below 1.5; the Ku microstrip patch antenna is grouped into four units, which can be regarded as a periodic unit of the phased array. A C-band antenna dipole or a dummy dipole unit is arranged at the center of each group. The combination of the two antenna components makes full use of the aperture space to meet the high gain requirements. The Ku-band microstrip patch adopts slot coupling feeding technology to improve the cross-polarization isolation, and adopts the coaxial to stripline feeding form. The stripline can adjust the length for impedance matching to improve the antenna standing wave bandwidth. The standing wave ratio can be better than 1.5 in both C and Ku bands. After simulation verification, the overall directional pattern and scanning range of the C-band antenna vibrator and the Ku-band microstrip antenna are almost unaffected, and they can be distributed and work independently in a limited space. The present invention has the characteristics of easy processing, compact structure, light weight, dual-band, independent operation, high gain, and easy integration, which meets the design requirements of today's phased array scanning radar.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0034] 1. The present invention mainly realizes a dual-band common aperture antenna, which reasonably arranges the Ku-band microstrip patch and the C-band array antenna in the same space, and uses dummy element encryption decoupling technology to integrate the above dual-frequency and different physical antenna arrays, reducing the coupling effect to solve the above problems. The microstrip patch antenna mainly adopts a coaxial feeding microstrip line, and then feeds by strip line gap coupling; the Ku-band wavelength is shorter and the unit size is smaller, so more microstrip patches need to be arranged in the entire space;

[0035] 2. For the C-band antenna oscillators, they are periodically arranged on the microstrip antenna dielectric board and work independently of the Ku-band. In order to achieve a higher level of C-band gain, more oscillator antennas should be arranged as much as possible; however, the oscillator arms will strengthen the coupling with the Ku-band patch, which will not only limit the scanning angle range of the Ku-band beam, but also distort the radiation pattern. Therefore, C-band dummy oscillators are regularly introduced at periodic intervals for decoupling, thereby improving the scanning capability of the Ku-band phased array antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the array arrangement of the co-aperture phased array antenna operating in the C / Ku dual-band and an overall schematic diagram of the mounting plate;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the C-band antenna vibrator;

[0039] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna dielectric board;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a top view of the Ku-band patch;

[0041] Reference numerals: 1-microstrip antenna dielectric board, 2-perforated printed circuit board, 3-C-band antenna vibrator, 4-Ku-band microstrip patch, 5-microstrip antenna dielectric board;

[0042] 31-inner conductor, 32-metal shell, 33-bent vibrator arm;

[0043] 41-parasitic patch layer, 42-slotted metal plate, 43-radiation patch layer, 44-annular shielding column structure, 45-strip line;

[0044] 51 - a first dielectric plate, 52 - a second dielectric plate, 53 - a third dielectric plate, 54 - a fourth dielectric plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0046] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0048] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", "upper", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the inventive product is usually placed when used. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] The present embodiment provides a C / Ku dual-frequency co-aperture phased array scanning antenna, comprising an antenna mounting plate, a perforated printed board 2 arranged on the antenna mounting plate, a vibrator array and a patch array arranged on the perforated printed board 2, wherein the patch array is a plurality of Ku-band microstrip patches 4 distributed on the perforated printed board 2 in a square array according to the aperture surface; the vibrator array is a plurality of C-band antenna vibrators 3 distributed on the perforated printed board 2 in a square array according to the aperture surface; all C-band antenna vibrators 3 are arranged in the same direction and perpendicular to the polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patch, the Ku-band patch and the C-band antenna vibrator 3 are both coaxially fed, and the Ku-band patch radiates the patch in the form of a coupling slot;

[0051] In the polarization direction of the strip line 45 of the Ku-band microstrip patch 4, a pseudo-dummy C element without excitation is arranged between two adjacent C-band antenna elements 3 in each row and column of the C-band antenna.

[0052] Specifically, the C-band antenna vibrator 3 needs a certain interval when working on the array surface to avoid affecting the scanning angle range of the C-band antenna vibrator 3. For the polarization direction of the C-band antenna vibrator 3, it is necessary to install pseudo-dummy C vibrators that do not require excitation at intervals, that is, a pseudo-dummy C vibrator without excitation is set between two adjacent C-band antennas in each row and column of C-band antennas. The purpose of setting this structure is that when the Ku array surface radiates, the periodicity of the distribution is not destroyed, so the coupling between the C-band antenna vibrator 3 and the Ku-band patch can be released. There are two vibrator excitation modes, one is the C-band antenna vibrator 3 that is excited in actual implementation, and the other is the pseudo-dummy C vibrator that does not require excitation.

[0053] All C-band antenna elements 3 are arranged in the same direction and perpendicular to the polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patch. This arrangement enables the dual-bands to work independently without causing too much interference.

[0054] like Figure 1 As shown, it mainly includes an antenna mounting plate, a perforated printed circuit board 2 arranged on the antenna mounting plate, a vibrator array and a patch array arranged on the perforated printed circuit board 2, and the perforated printed circuit board 2 is provided with a plurality of avoidance holes for installing the vibrator array.

[0055] On the entire aperture surface of the perforated printed circuit board 2 , there are Ku-band microstrip patches 4 with four corners cut off and distributed in a cross pattern. The Ku-band microstrip patches 4 are divided into two layers and distributed on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate and the upper surface of the second dielectric plate 52 .

[0056] On the entire aperture surface of the perforated printed circuit board 2, there are also C-band antenna elements 3 and pseudo-dummy C elements with four corners cut off and distributed crosswise, and the C-band antenna elements 3 and pseudo-dummy C elements are alternately distributed in columns; the Ku-band microstrip patch and the C-band antenna elements 3 are compactly arranged.

[0057] On the entire aperture surface of the perforated printed circuit board 2, there are also C-band antenna elements 3 and pseudo-dummy C-elements with four corners cut off and distributed crosswise. The centers of the four Ku-band microstrip patches are used as the centers of a C-band antenna element 3 or a pseudo-dummy C-elements to determine the overall array position.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] This embodiment is a further optimization based on the embodiment 1, specifically:

[0060] Each C-band antenna element 3 is vertically fastened to the perforated printed circuit board 2 through a rectangular flange;

[0061] Each C-band antenna element 3 includes an inner conductor 31, a metal shell 32 sleeved outside the inner conductor 31, and two bent element arms 33 symmetrically arranged on the top of the metal shell 32. The two bent element arms are coaxial with the coaxial feed line, and the metal shell 32 is connected to the coaxial feed line through a flange.

[0062] Specifically, if Figure 2 As shown, a single C-band antenna element 3 is mainly composed of an inner conductor 31, a metal shell 32, a bent dipole arm 33, and a metal structural member. The bent dipole arm 33 is formed by bending two straight metal conductors, the width between the two arms is 12 mm, the arm length is 8.3 mm, and the bent dipole arm 33 is symmetrically structured. The bent dipole arm 33 is connected to the metal shell 32, and the metal shell 32 is connected to the coaxial feed line through a flange. The entire C-band antenna element 3 is vertically fixed on the perforated printed circuit board 2 through the flange.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] This embodiment is a further optimization based on the embodiment 2, specifically:

[0065] The Ku-band microstrip patch is mounted on the perforated printed circuit board 2 through a microstrip antenna dielectric board 1. The microstrip antenna dielectric board 1 includes, from top to bottom, a first dielectric board 51, a second dielectric board 52, a third dielectric board 53 and a fourth dielectric board 54;

[0066] The Ku-band microstrip patch 4 includes a parasitic patch layer 41 located above the first dielectric plate 51, a radiation patch layer 43 located above the second dielectric plate 52, a slotted metal plate 42 for slot coupling is arranged below the second dielectric plate 52, a microstrip line is arranged at the bottom of the third dielectric plate 53, and the inner conductor 31 of the coaxial feed line of the coaxial feeding structure passes through the fourth dielectric plate 54 to be connected to the strip line 45, is fed to the microstrip line through the coaxial feed line, and then is slot-coupled to the radiation patch layer 43 through the slotted metal plate 42, and the coaxial feeding structure is connected to the back-end RF components.

[0067] Specifically, if Figure 3 As shown, the parasitic patch layer 41 is above the first dielectric plate 51, and the radiation patch layer 43 is below the first dielectric plate 51; the second dielectric plate 52 is above the radiation patch layer 43; the second layer is below the slotted metal plate 42 for slot coupling, which has slots on it; the third dielectric plate 53 is below the stripline 45, which can couple energy to the double-layer microstrip patch of the radiation patch layer 43 through the slots; the end of the stripline 45 adopts an enlarged disc structure to match the impedance; below the stripline 45 is a coaxial feeding structure of the Ku band; the coaxial inner conductor 31 passes through the fourth dielectric plate 54 and is connected to the stripline 45; below the fourth plate is a metal conductor bottom plate, which is connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial feeding structure.

[0068] The Ku-band microstrip patch is distributed in a 360mm diameter cut-off circular aperture according to a cross-diameter distribution. The polarization direction of all array elements is consistent, but adjacent array elements are symmetrical, and the phase difference is 180° when excited. The polarization direction of the C-band antenna element 3 needs to be perpendicular to the polarization direction of the patch, so that a dual-band co-aperture phased array antenna can be realized.

[0069] Example 4

[0070] This embodiment is a further optimization based on the embodiment 3, specifically:

[0071] The third dielectric plate 53 and the fourth dielectric plate 54 are respectively the first feeding layer and the second feeding layer. The first feeding layer and the second feeding layer are shielded by an annular shielding column structure 44 that penetrates the first feeding layer and the second feeding layer. The annular shielding column structure 44 encloses the strip line 45 and the coaxial feeding structure inside to suppress the coupling between two adjacent Ku-band microstrip patches.

[0072] Every four adjacent Ku-band microstrip patches 4 form a group, and the microstrip coupling slot opening direction is the direction of the stripline 45, which is also the polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patch 4 when working. The four Ku-band microstrip patches 4 in each group are distributed in a square array.

[0073] Every four adjacent Ku-band microstrip patches 4 form a group, and the geometric center position of each group of four Ku-band microstrip patches 4 is the position of the rear-end RF component of the C-band antenna element 3, and the C-band antenna element 3 is vertically installed at this geometric center.

[0074] like Figure 4 As shown, four Ku-band microstrip patches 4 are grouped together to form a periodic structure, and the strip lines 45 of two adjacent Ku-band microstrip patches 4 on each row are in opposite directions; the radiation layer adopts a metal shielding column structure to prevent energy dissipation from affecting the radiation performance; the feeding layer directly adopts an annular shielding column structure 44 to enclose the strip line 45 and the coaxial feeding structure to suppress the coupling between the Ku-band microstrip patches.

[0075] Example 5

[0076] This embodiment is a further optimization based on the embodiment 3, specifically:

[0077] The array distribution shapes of the Ku-band microstrip patch 4 and the C-band antenna element 3 are consistent.

[0078] The Ku-band microstrip patch 4 and the C-band antenna element 3 are compactly arranged within the aperture surface of the antenna mounting plate with a diameter of 360 mm to form a co-aperture phased array. The number ratio of the Ku-band microstrip patch 4 and the C-band antenna element 3 is 4 to 5:1.

[0079] The Ku-band microstrip patch is a coaxial feeding inner conductor 31 connected to a strip line 45, and the end of the strip line 45 is a disc structure to adapt to impedance matching.

[0080] The bending parts of the two bent antenna arms of the C-band antenna element 3 are chamfered, and the length of the bent part and the unbent part is 1:1; the top of the metal shell 32 of the C-band antenna element 3 is symmetrically provided with gaps, and is vertically fixed on the perforated printed circuit board 2 through a rectangular flange.

[0081] Specifically, this solution uses two different types of antenna components, microstrip patch and dipole antenna, which are compactly arranged to fully utilize the space and perform miniaturized design. The width between the two dipole arms is 12 mm, and the dipole arms are bent to increase the shock resistance of the overall structure and the influence of the overall array time interval. The spacing between the dipoles on the aperture plane is 9.2 mm, and a part of the dipoles are replaced by pseudo dummy C dipoles, so that the dipoles will not contact each other and affect the scanning angle of the phased array antenna; the symmetrical slot structure on the dipole metal shell 32 is optimized to have good impedance matching performance and improve the power capacity of a single dipole; the standing wave ratio of a single dipole unit within the working frequency band reaches less than 1.5; the Ku microstrip patch antenna is grouped into four units, which can be regarded as a periodic unit of the phased array. A C-band antenna dipole 3 or a dummy dipole unit is arranged at the center of each group. The combination of the two antenna components makes full use of the aperture space to meet the high gain requirements. The Ku-band microstrip patch 4 adopts slot coupling feeding technology to improve the cross-polarization isolation, and adopts the feeding form of coaxial to stripline 45. The stripline 45 can adjust the length for impedance matching to improve the antenna standing wave bandwidth. In both C / Ku bands, a standing wave ratio of better than 1.5 can be achieved. After simulation verification, the overall directional pattern and scanning range of the C-band antenna element 3 and the Ku-band microstrip antenna are almost unaffected, and they can be distributed and work independently in a limited space. The present invention has the characteristics of easy processing, compact structure, light weight, dual-band, independent operation, high gain, and easy integration, meeting the design requirements of today's phased array scanning radar.

Claims

1. A C / Ku dual-frequency common-aperture phased array scanning antenna, comprising an antenna mounting plate, a perforated printed circuit board arranged on the antenna mounting plate, a vibrator array and a patch array arranged on the perforated printed circuit board, characterized in that: The patch array is a plurality of Ku-band microstrip patches distributed in a square array on an aperture printed circuit board according to the aperture surface; the vibrator array is a plurality of C-band antenna vibrators distributed in a square array on an aperture printed circuit board according to the aperture surface; all the C-band antenna vibrators are arranged in the same direction and perpendicular to the polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patch, the Ku-band patch and the C-band antenna vibrator are both coaxially fed, and the Ku-band patch radiates the patch in the form of a coupling slot; In the stripline polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patch, a pseudo-dummy C oscillator without excitation is arranged between two adjacent C-band antenna oscillators in each row and column of the C-band antenna.

2. The C / Ku dual-frequency co-aperture phased array scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the C-band antenna elements is vertically fastened to the perforated printed circuit board through a rectangular flange; Each of the C-band antenna element antennas includes an inner conductor, a metal shell sleeved outside the inner conductor, and two bent element arms symmetrically arranged on the top of the metal shell. The two bent element arms are coaxial with the coaxial feed line, and the metal shell is connected to the coaxial feed line through a flange.

3. The C / Ku dual-frequency co-aperture phased array scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Ku-band microstrip patch is mounted on the perforated printed circuit board through a microstrip antenna dielectric board, and the microstrip antenna dielectric board includes a first dielectric board, a second dielectric board, a third dielectric board and a fourth dielectric board from top to bottom.

4. The C / Ku dual-frequency co-aperture phased array scanning antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The Ku-band microstrip patch includes a parasitic patch layer located above the first dielectric plate, a radiation patch layer located above the second dielectric plate, a slotted metal plate with gap coupling is arranged below the second dielectric plate, a microstrip line is arranged at the bottom of the third dielectric plate, the inner conductor of the coaxial feed line of the coaxial feeding structure passes through the fourth dielectric plate to be connected to the strip line, is fed to the microstrip line through the coaxial feed line, and then is coupled to the radiation patch layer through the slotted metal plate gap, and the coaxial feeding structure is connected to the back-end RF component.

5. The C / Ku dual-frequency co-aperture phased array scanning antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The third dielectric plate and the fourth dielectric plate are respectively the first feeding layer and the second feeding layer. The first feeding layer and the second feeding layer are shielded by an annular shielding column structure that penetrates the first feeding layer and the second feeding layer. The annular shielding column structure encloses the strip line and the coaxial feeding structure inside to suppress the coupling between two adjacent Ku-band microstrip patches.

6. The C / Ku dual-frequency co-aperture phased array scanning antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: Every four adjacent Ku-band microstrip patches form a group, the slotting direction of the microstrip coupling slot is the stripline direction, which is also the polarization direction of the Ku-band microstrip patch when it is working, and the four Ku-band microstrip patches in each group are distributed in a square array.

7. The C / Ku dual-frequency co-aperture phased array scanning antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: Every four adjacent Ku-band microstrip patches form a group, and the geometric center position of each group of four Ku-band microstrip patches is the position of the rear-end RF component of the C-band antenna vibrator, and the C-band antenna vibrator is vertically installed at this geometric center.

8. The C / Ku dual-frequency co-aperture phased array scanning antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The array distribution shapes of the Ku-band microstrip patch and the C-band antenna element are consistent, The Ku-band microstrip patch and the C-band antenna element are compactly arranged within the aperture surface of the antenna mounting plate to form a co-aperture phased array.

9. The C / Ku dual-frequency co-aperture phased array scanning antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The Ku-band microstrip patch is a coaxial feed inner conductor transition stripline, and the end of the stripline is a disc structure to adapt to impedance matching.

10. The C / Ku dual-frequency co-aperture phased array scanning antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bending parts of the two bent vibrator arms of the C-band antenna vibrator are chamfered; The top of the metal shell of the C-band antenna vibrator is symmetrically provided with gaps, and is vertically fixed on the perforated printed circuit board through a rectangular flange.

Images