Tracking type photovoltaic power generation device

Abstract

The invention discloses a tracking type photovoltaic power generation device which comprises a base, a rotating platform is rotatably arranged on the upper end face of the base, a driving mechanism used for driving the rotating platform to rotate is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the base, a vertical plate is fixedly arranged on the upper end face of the rotating platform, and a photovoltaic power generation panel is hinged to the upper end of the vertical plate. An angle adjusting mechanism used for driving the photovoltaic power generation panel to adjust the elevation angle is connected between the side face of the vertical plate and the bottom face of the photovoltaic power generation panel, solar sensors are fixedly arranged at the four corners of the photovoltaic power generation panel correspondingly, and sweeping assemblies used for removing dust on the surfaces of the solar sensors are fixedly arranged on the left side edge and the right side edge of the photovoltaic power generation panel correspondingly. According to the tracking type photovoltaic power generation device, through the automatic cleaning assembly and the intelligent control algorithm module, the requirement for manual intervention is reduced, manual regular cleaning of the solar sensor is not needed, and meanwhile, the tracking type photovoltaic power generation device can still stably operate in various complex environments, so that the tracking type photovoltaic power generation device has good practicability in different geographical environments and weather conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation devices, and in particular to a tracking photovoltaic power generation device. Background Art

[0002] As the global demand for clean energy grows, photovoltaic power generation has received widespread attention and application as a sustainable way of energy utilization. Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that uses the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor interfaces to directly convert light energy into electrical energy. As an inexhaustible clean energy, solar energy can be effectively converted into electrical energy through photovoltaic power generation devices, providing power support for human production and life, which is of great significance in reducing dependence on traditional fossil energy and alleviating environmental pressure.

[0003] Among the many photovoltaic power generation technologies, tracking photovoltaic power generation is a technology that can significantly improve power generation efficiency. Its core is to use a specific tracking device to enable photovoltaic panels to align with the sun in real time, ensuring that sunlight always shines on the photovoltaic panels at the best angle, thereby maximizing the reception of solar energy. Compared with the traditional fixed photovoltaic panel power generation method, this tracking photovoltaic power generation technology can greatly increase the time and intensity of photovoltaic panels receiving sunlight in a day, thereby increasing power generation.

[0004] However, the existing traditional tracking photovoltaic power generation equipment still has some defects. On the one hand, its solar sensor is usually exposed to the external environment and is easily covered by dust. As the use time increases, dust accumulates on the surface of the solar sensor, which will seriously block the light and reduce the sensitivity of the sensor. At present, most of them rely on manual regular cleaning, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also may affect the tracking accuracy of the photovoltaic panels to the sun due to the reduction of sensor sensitivity during the cleaning cycle, resulting in a decrease in power generation efficiency. On the other hand, when encountering cloudy, foggy weather or photovoltaic panels being blocked by temporary objects, the light information received by the solar sensor will be biased. At the same time, when the sensitivity of the sensor is reduced due to long-term use, the existing traditional tracking photovoltaic power generation equipment lacks an effective auxiliary calibration unit. Relying only on the information fed back by the sensor is prone to misjudgment of the tracking system, which in turn leads to tracking failure, making it impossible for the photovoltaic panels to accurately align with the sun, affecting the stability and sustainability of power generation efficiency. These problems have limited the performance and promotion and application of tracking photovoltaic power generation equipment to a certain extent, and they need to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tracking photovoltaic power generation device, which aims to overcome the shortcomings of existing traditional tracking photovoltaic power generation equipment and improve the efficiency and stability of photovoltaic power generation. Specifically, the present invention aims to solve the problem that the solar sensor is easily affected by dust, resulting in reduced sensitivity, and the lack of an effective auxiliary calibration mechanism in special weather or sensor abnormalities, resulting in tracking failure, thereby ensuring that the photovoltaic power generation panel can track the sun more accurately and stably, and achieve efficient power generation.

[0007] (II) Technical content

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a tracking photovoltaic power generation device, including a base, a rotating platform is rotatably provided on the upper end surface of the base, a driving mechanism for driving the rotating platform to rotate is fixedly provided on the bottom of the base, a vertical plate is fixedly provided on the upper end surface of the rotating platform, a photovoltaic power generation panel is hingedly provided on the upper end of the vertical plate, an angle adjustment mechanism for driving the photovoltaic power generation panel to adjust the elevation angle is connected between the side surface of the vertical plate and the bottom surface of the photovoltaic power generation panel, solar sensors are fixedly provided at the four corners of the photovoltaic power generation panel, and cleaning components for removing dust from the surface of the solar sensor are fixedly provided on the left and right sides of the photovoltaic power generation panel.

[0009] Furthermore, the driving mechanism includes a motor fixed to the bottom of the base, a driving gear is fixed to one end of the motor's driving shaft extending above the base, and also includes a driven gear fixed to the rotating shaft at the bottom of the rotating platform, and the driving gear is meshed with the driven gear.

[0010] Furthermore, the angle adjustment mechanism includes an electric push rod hingedly arranged on the side of the vertical plate, and the piston end of the electric push rod is hingedly arranged on the bottom surface of the photovoltaic power generation panel.

[0011] Furthermore, the cleaning component includes a blowing duct fixedly arranged on the side of the photovoltaic panel, and air outlets are provided at both ends of the blowing duct, and the two air outlets correspond to two solar sensors respectively. It also includes an air pump fixedly arranged on the upper end of the rotating platform, and the air outlet end of the air pump is connected to two hoses through a tee, and the two hoses are respectively connected to the two blowing ducts.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a control algorithm module, which includes a controller arranged on a base, the controller is electrically connected to the solar sensor, and is used to receive the light intensity signal of the solar sensor, and control the rotation angle of the motor in the driving mechanism according to the light intensity difference of different solar sensors, so that the rotating platform drives the photovoltaic power generation panel to align with the direction of the sun.

[0013] Furthermore, the controller is also electrically connected to the electric push rod in the angle adjustment mechanism. When the solar sensor detects a difference in light intensity between the front and rear rows, the controller controls the electric push rod to extend and retract, adjust the elevation angle of the photovoltaic panel, ensure that the photovoltaic panel is perpendicular to the sunlight, and improve power generation efficiency.

[0014] Furthermore, the control algorithm module also includes a sun position correction algorithm unit built into the controller, which has an astronomical algorithm built in. The unit calculates the theoretical position of the sun based on the current date, time and geographic location information, and compares it with the position measured by the sun sensor. If there is a deviation between the two, the controller drives the driving mechanism and the angle adjustment mechanism to fine-tune the direction and elevation of the photovoltaic panel to track the sun more accurately and improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. In particular, when the sun sensor fails, the accuracy is reduced or it is blocked, it can ensure that the photovoltaic panel can still effectively align with the sun.

[0015] (III) Technical Effect

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0017] 1. The present invention sets up special cleaning components on both sides of the photovoltaic power generation panel. Through the cooperation of the air pump, the air blowing duct and the air outlet, the dust on the surface of the solar sensor can be effectively cleaned. This design avoids the problem of reduced sensitivity of the solar sensor due to dust accumulation, thereby ensuring the stability of power generation efficiency and reducing power generation losses caused by dust problems.

[0018] 2. The control algorithm module equipped in this device can accurately control the rotation angle of the rotating platform and the elevation angle of the photovoltaic panel through the motor in the drive mechanism and the electric push rod in the angle adjustment mechanism according to the light intensity difference measured by the solar sensor. This enables the photovoltaic panel to align with the sun in real time, ensuring that sunlight shines on the photovoltaic panel at the best angle, maximizing the reception of solar energy, and significantly improving the power generation efficiency. The solar position correction algorithm unit in the control algorithm module uses astronomical algorithms to calculate the theoretical position of the sun in combination with the current date, time and geographic location information. When the solar sensor has measurement deviations due to cloudy days, temporary obstruction by objects, or reduced sensitivity, the algorithm unit can assist in calibration, so that the controller can drive the drive mechanism and the angle adjustment mechanism to fine-tune the direction and elevation of the photovoltaic panel, ensuring that the photovoltaic panel can still effectively align with the sun in complex environments, further enhancing the accuracy and reliability of tracking, and reducing the occurrence of tracking failures.

[0019] 3. The present invention reduces the need for manual intervention through automated cleaning components and intelligent control algorithm modules. There is no need to manually clean the solar sensor regularly, which reduces labor costs and maintenance difficulties. At the same time, the ability to operate stably in a variety of complex environments makes the tracking photovoltaic power generation device have good practicality in different geographical environments and weather conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a tracking photovoltaic power generation device of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a tracking photovoltaic power generation device of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a tracking photovoltaic power generation device of the present invention. Figure 3 .

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a tracking photovoltaic power generation device of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 It is a left-side structural schematic diagram of a tracking photovoltaic power generation device of the present invention.

[0025] As shown in the figure: 1. Base; 2. Rotating platform; 3. Vertical board; 4. Photovoltaic panel; 5. Solar sensor; 6. Motor; 7. Driving gear; 8. Driven gear; 9. Electric push rod; 10. Blowing duct; 11. Air outlet; 12. Air pump; 13. Controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", "center", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation structure and operation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "provided with", "installed", "connected", "connected" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, it can be a mechanical connection, it can be an electrical connection, it can be a direct connection, it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Combined with Figure 1 To Attachment Figure 5A tracking photovoltaic power generation device includes a base 1, a rotating platform 2 is rotatably provided on the upper end surface of the base 1, a driving mechanism for driving the rotating platform 2 to rotate is fixedly provided at the bottom of the base 1, a vertical plate 3 is fixedly provided on the upper end surface of the rotating platform 2, a photovoltaic power generation panel 4 is hingedly provided on the upper end of the vertical plate 3, an angle adjustment mechanism for driving the photovoltaic power generation panel 4 to adjust the elevation angle is connected between the side surface of the vertical plate 3 and the bottom surface of the photovoltaic power generation panel 4, solar sensors 5 are fixedly provided at the four corners of the photovoltaic power generation panel 4, and cleaning components for removing dust from the surface of the solar sensor 5 are fixedly provided on the left and right sides of the photovoltaic power generation panel 4.

[0030] In this embodiment, as a preferred technical solution, the driving mechanism includes a motor 6 fixedly arranged at the bottom of the base 1, a driving shaft of the motor 6 extending to one end above the base 1 is fixedly provided with a driving gear 7, and also includes a driven gear 8 fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft at the bottom of the rotating platform 2, and the driving gear 7 is meshed with the driven gear 8.

[0031] In this embodiment, as a preferred technical solution, the angle adjustment mechanism includes an electric push rod 9 hinged to the side of the vertical plate 3, and the piston end of the electric push rod 9 is hinged to the bottom surface of the photovoltaic panel 4.

[0032] In the present embodiment, as a preferred technical solution, the cleaning component includes a blowing duct 10 fixedly arranged on the side of the photovoltaic panel 4, and air outlets 11 are provided at both ends of the blowing duct 10, and the two air outlets 11 correspond to two solar sensors 5 respectively. It also includes an air pump 12 fixedly arranged on the upper end of the rotating platform 2, and the air outlet end of the air pump 12 is connected to two hoses through a tee, and the two hoses are connected to the two blowing ducts 10 respectively.

[0033] A tracking photovoltaic power generation device also includes a control algorithm module, which includes a controller 13 arranged on a base 1. The controller 13 is electrically connected to a solar sensor 5 and is used to receive a light intensity signal from the solar sensor 5. The rotation angle of a motor 6 in a driving mechanism is controlled according to the difference in light intensity of different solar sensors 5, so that the rotating platform 2 drives the photovoltaic power generation panel 4 to align with the direction of the sun.

[0034] The controller 13 is also electrically connected to the electric push rod 9 in the angle adjustment mechanism. When the solar sensor 5 detects a difference in light intensity between the front and rear rows, the controller 13 controls the electric push rod 9 to extend and retract, adjust the elevation angle of the photovoltaic panel 4, ensure that the photovoltaic panel 4 is perpendicular to the sunlight, and improve the power generation efficiency.

[0035] The control algorithm module also includes a sun position correction algorithm unit built into the controller, which has an astronomical algorithm built in. The unit calculates the theoretical position of the sun based on the current date, time and geographic location information, and compares it with the position measured by the sun sensor 5. If there is a deviation between the two, the controller drives the driving mechanism and the angle adjustment mechanism to fine-tune the direction and elevation of the photovoltaic panel 4 to track the sun more accurately and improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. In particular, when the sun sensor 5 fails, the accuracy is reduced or it is blocked, it can ensure that the photovoltaic panel 4 can still effectively aim at the sun.

[0036] The working principle of a tracking photovoltaic power generation device of the present invention is as follows: the tracking photovoltaic power generation device is mainly based on the detection of light intensity by the solar sensor 5, and the control algorithm module coordinates the driving mechanism and the angle adjustment mechanism to realize the accurate tracking of the sun by the photovoltaic power generation panel 4. At the same time, the cleaning component can keep the solar sensor 5 clean, and the solar position correction algorithm unit guarantees the accuracy of tracking under special circumstances. Under the drive of the motor 6, the driving mechanism drives the rotating platform 2 to rotate through the meshing of the driving gear 7 and the driven gear 8 to realize the angle adjustment of the photovoltaic power generation panel 4 in the horizontal direction. The angle adjustment mechanism relies on the extension and contraction of the electric push rod 9 to change the elevation angle of the photovoltaic power generation panel 4. The solar sensor 5 collects light intensity information in real time and feeds it back to the controller 13. The controller 13 coordinates the action of the driving mechanism and the angle adjustment mechanism according to this information and the theoretical position of the sun calculated by the solar position correction algorithm unit. The airflow generated by the air pump 12 in the cleaning component is blown out from the air outlet 11 through the hose and the blowing duct 10 to remove dust on the surface of the solar sensor 5.

[0037] The working process of a tracking photovoltaic power generation device of the present invention is as follows:

[0038] 1. Start-up preparation phase

[0039] Check whether all parts of the device are connected normally, and ensure that the electrical equipment such as the motor 6, the electric push rod 9, the air pump 12 and the controller 13 are connected correctly.

[0040] The controller 13 is turned on to start the system. At this time, the air pump 12 can be turned on for a short period of time to allow air to be blown out from the air outlet 11 through the air blowing duct 10, and the sun sensor 5 is initially cleaned of dust to ensure that it is in a good initial state.

[0041] 2. Normal tracking stage on a sunny day with no obstructions

[0042] The solar sensor 5 collects light intensity information in real time and transmits the signal to the controller 13. The controller 13 analyzes the light intensity collected by the solar sensor 5 and calculates the difference in light intensity between different solar sensors 5. When the light intensity difference indicates that the photovoltaic panel 4 is not aligned with the sun, the controller 13 controls the motor 6 in the drive mechanism to operate according to the difference. The motor 6 drives the driving gear 7 to rotate, and the driving gear 7 drives the driven gear 8 meshing with it, so that the rotating platform 2 rotates and adjusts the angle of the photovoltaic panel 4 in the horizontal direction until the light intensity difference of different solar sensors 5 is within the allowable range.

[0043] At the same time, if the light intensity detected by the sun sensor 5 is different between the front and rear rows, the controller 13 controls the electric push rod 9 in the angle adjustment mechanism to extend and retract. The piston end of the electric push rod 9 pushes or pulls the bottom surface of the photovoltaic panel 4 to adjust the elevation angle of the photovoltaic panel 4 so that the photovoltaic panel 4 is perpendicular to the sunlight, achieving accurate tracking of the sun and ensuring power generation efficiency.

[0044] 3. Dust cleaning periodically or when sensor signal is abnormal

[0045] The controller 13 may start the air pump 12 at a preset time interval, or start the air pump 12 when the signal of the sun sensor 5 fluctuates abnormally.

[0046] The airflow generated by the air pump 12 is divided into two paths through a tee, and enters two blowing pipes 10 through two hoses respectively, and finally blows out from the air outlets 11 at both ends of the blowing pipes 10 to blow away the dust on the surface of the sun sensor 5, thereby keeping the sun sensor 5 clean and sensitive.

[0047] 4. Special circumstances: cloudy weather, occlusion, or reduced sensor accuracy during tracking

[0048] The sun position correction algorithm unit in the control algorithm module calculates the theoretical position of the sun through a built-in astronomical algorithm based on the current date, time and geographical location information of the device.

[0049] The position measured by the solar sensor 5 is compared with the theoretical position. If there is a deviation between the two, the controller 13 drives the motor 6 in the driving mechanism and the electric push rod 9 in the angle adjustment mechanism to fine-tune the direction and elevation of the photovoltaic panel 4 to ensure that the photovoltaic panel 4 can still effectively aim at the sun and maintain a stable power generation efficiency in cases such as cloudy days, when the photovoltaic panel 4 is blocked by temporary objects, or when the accuracy of the solar sensor 5 is reduced.

[0050] It should be noted that the sun position correction algorithm is an existing technology and will not be described in detail in this solution. The following is a brief introduction to the common algorithm model, that is, a brief overview of the theoretical calculation model based on the astronomical algorithm is as follows:

[0051] Basic principle: The theoretical calculation model of the solar pitch angle and azimuth angle is established based on the positional relationship between the sun and the reference plane of the observation site. First, the latitude, longitude and time of the observation site are obtained through GPS positioning, and then the theoretical position of the sun is calculated based on this information and relevant astronomical principles and formulas.

[0052] Specific formula: For example, in common calculation models, parameters such as solar declination and solar hour angle are key. The solar declination reflects the change of the latitude position of the sun's direct point over time, while the solar hour angle represents the change of the sun's angle relative to the local meridian during the day. Through these parameters and information such as the latitude of the observation site, a theoretical calculation model for the solar pitch angle α0 and azimuth angle γ0 can be established.

[0053] The present invention and its embodiments are described above, and such description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if ordinary technicians in the field are inspired by it, without departing from the purpose of the invention, they can design a structure and embodiment similar to the technical solution without creativity, which should belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tracking photovoltaic power generation device, comprising a base (1), a rotating platform (2) rotatably provided on the upper end surface of the base (1), and a driving mechanism for driving the rotating platform (2) to rotate fixedly provided on the bottom of the base (1), characterized in that: A vertical plate (3) is fixedly provided on the upper end surface of the rotating platform (2), a photovoltaic power generation panel (4) is hingedly provided on the upper end of the vertical plate (3), an angle adjustment mechanism for driving the photovoltaic power generation panel (4) to adjust the elevation angle is connected between the side surface of the vertical plate (3) and the bottom surface of the photovoltaic power generation panel (4), solar sensors (5) are fixedly provided at the four corners of the photovoltaic power generation panel (4), and cleaning components for removing dust from the surface of the solar sensor (5) are fixedly provided on the left and right sides of the photovoltaic power generation panel (4).

2. A tracking photovoltaic power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises a motor (6) fixedly arranged at the bottom of the base (1); a driving gear (7) is fixedly arranged at one end of a driving shaft of the motor (6) extending above the base (1); and a driven gear (8) is fixedly arranged on a rotating shaft at the bottom of the rotating platform (2); the driving gear (7) is meshed with the driven gear (8).

3. A tracking photovoltaic power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle adjustment mechanism comprises an electric push rod (9) hingedly arranged on the side of the vertical plate (3), and a piston end of the electric push rod (9) is hingedly arranged on the bottom surface of the photovoltaic power generation panel (4).

4. A tracking photovoltaic power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning component comprises a blowing duct (10) fixedly arranged on the side of the photovoltaic power generation panel (4), and air outlets (11) are arranged at both ends of the blowing duct (10), and the two air outlets (11) correspond to two solar sensors (5) respectively. It also comprises an air pump (12) fixedly arranged on the upper end of the rotating platform (2), and the air outlet end of the air pump (12) is connected to two hoses through a tee, and the two hoses are respectively connected to the two blowing ducts (10).

5. A tracking photovoltaic power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a control algorithm module, wherein the control algorithm module comprises a controller (13) arranged on the base (1), the controller (13) being electrically connected to the solar sensor (5) and being used for receiving the light intensity signal of the solar sensor (5), and controlling the rotation angle of the motor (6) in the driving mechanism according to the difference in light intensity of different solar sensors (5), so that the rotating platform (2) drives the photovoltaic power generation panel (4) to align with the direction of the sun.

6. A tracking photovoltaic power generation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The controller (13) is also electrically connected to the electric push rod (9) in the angle adjustment mechanism. When the solar sensor (5) detects that the light intensity of the front and rear rows is different, the controller (13) controls the electric push rod (9) to extend and retract, adjusts the elevation angle of the photovoltaic power generation panel (4), ensures that the photovoltaic power generation panel (4) is perpendicular to the sunlight, and improves the power generation efficiency.

7. A tracking photovoltaic power generation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The control algorithm module also includes a sun position correction algorithm unit built into the controller, which has an astronomical algorithm built in. The unit calculates the theoretical position of the sun based on the current date, time and geographical location information, and compares it with the position measured by the sun sensor (5). If there is a deviation between the two, the controller drives the driving mechanism and the angle adjustment mechanism to fine-tune the direction and elevation of the photovoltaic power generation panel (4) to track the sun more accurately and improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. In particular, when the sun sensor (5) fails, the accuracy is reduced or it is blocked, it can ensure that the photovoltaic power generation panel (4) can still be effectively aligned with the sun.

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