Low-leakage switch

Abstract

The invention discloses a low leakage switch, and belongs to the technical field of switches, the low leakage switch comprises a commercial power supply switch and a hybrid power supply switch, the commercial power supply switch and the hybrid power supply switch carry out information interaction through an optical fiber, the commercial power supply switch comprises a commercial device, and the hybrid power supply switch comprises a commercial device and a storage battery. The commercial power supply switch and the hybrid power supply switch enable the low-leakage switch to form a split structure, the commercial power supply switch and the hybrid power supply switch carry out information interaction through optical fibers, communication signals are transmitted in an optical signal mode, electric signals are not generated, radiation is not generated, and the reliability of the low-leakage switch is improved. Interference is caused to a darkroom environment or a special environment with extremely strict requirements for electromagnetic waves and conducted noise, meanwhile, the hybrid power supply switch adopts a built-in storage battery to supply power, and when the hybrid power supply switch is placed in the darkroom or the special environment, an active power supply is not introduced, so that interference caused by conduction and emission from an external power line is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of switches, and in particular to a low-leakage switch. Background Art

[0002] The device under test in the shielded chamber needs to be connected to the accompanying test equipment in the control room through a switch. The shielded chamber has extremely strict requirements on electromagnetic radiation and conducted noise. Currently, the switch and the accompanying test equipment mainly exchange information through electrical signals from network cables and telephone lines. Electrical signals will bring electromagnetic radiation, thereby interfering with the test environment of the shielded chamber. In addition, the conduction and emission of the switch's external power cord will also interfere with the test environment of the chamber, resulting in errors in the test. Therefore, it is urgent to reduce the interference of the switch on the shielded chamber. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above technical problems and provide a low-leakage switch with a split structure. According to the different power supply methods, it is divided into a mains-powered switch and a hybrid-powered switch. The mains-powered switch and the hybrid-powered switch exchange information through optical fibers. Communication signals are transmitted in the form of optical signals, which do not generate electrical signals or radiation, and will not cause interference to darkroom environments or special environments with extremely strict requirements on electromagnetic waves and conducted noise. At the same time, the hybrid-powered switch is powered by its own battery. When placed in a darkroom or special environment, no active power supply will be introduced, so there will be no interference caused by conduction and emission from the external power cord.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention discloses a low-leakage switch, including a mains-powered switch and a hybrid-powered switch, wherein information is exchanged between the mains-powered switch and the hybrid-powered switch via optical fiber, the mains-powered switch includes mains components, and the hybrid-powered switch includes mains components and a battery.

[0005] Preferably, the mains power supply switch and the hybrid power supply switch both use a metal chassis, and the metal chassis is provided with a network interface, a telephone interface, a fiber optic interface, a power interface and an indicator light hole. The network interface, the telephone interface and the power interface all use aviation connectors, and the aviation connector and the power switch are made of metal. The network interface, the telephone interface, the power interface and the power switch are all connected to the box wall of the corresponding mounting port on the metal chassis through a flange edge, and a conductive rubber plate is installed between the flange edge and the box wall of the mounting port. The indicator light hole has a hole depth that can cut off electromagnetic waves, and a transparent light guide column for guiding light is provided in the indicator light hole. The overlapping gaps on the metal chassis are sealed and an electromagnetic wave shielding component is added.

[0006] Preferably, the overlapping gaps on the metal chassis are subjected to conductive overlapping treatment.

[0007] Preferably, the sealing treatment method includes setting mutually embedded sealing grooves and sealing ridges at the overlapping gap, and the sealing grooves and sealing ridges extend along the length direction of the overlapping gap. The electromagnetic wave shielding component includes a symmetrical beryllium copper spring installed by rivets between the sealing groove and the sealing ridge near the innermost side of the metal chassis.

[0008] Preferably, the power cord connected to the power interface, the network cable connected to the network interface, and the telephone line connected to the telephone interface are all shielded cables, and the connection ends of the network cable and the telephone line are provided with aviation connection plugs for cooperating with aviation connectors, and the aviation connection plug includes a plug part and a tail part, and a conductive rubber gasket is provided between the plug part and the tail part, and a shielded crystal head is provided in the plug part, and a shielding layer is provided between the tail part and the connection ends of the network cable and the telephone line. The metal chassis is also provided with a grounding column and a fuse seat, and the grounding column and the fuse seat are connected to the box wall of the corresponding mounting through hole on the metal chassis through a flange edge, and a conductive rubber plate is installed between the flange edge and the box wall of the mounting through hole, and the shielding layer, the working components inside the metal chassis, and the AC power components are electrically connected to the grounding column.

[0009] Preferably, the mains components of the mains-powered switch include a power filter, a linear voltage regulator board, and a linear power supply. The working components of the mains-powered switch include a network / telephone exchange control board, a program-controlled exchange board, an SFP fiber optic adapter board, and an indicator board. The power switch of the mains-powered switch includes a mains control switch. The power interface of the mains-powered switch is electrically connected to the linear power supply through the power filter. The linear power supply is electrically connected to the transformer. The transformer is electrically connected to the linear voltage regulator board. The linear voltage regulator board is electrically connected to the network / telephone exchange control board, the program-controlled exchange board, the SFP fiber optic adapter board, and the indicator board. The mains control switch is electrically connected to the linear power supply. The network interface is electrically connected to the network / telephone exchange control board. The telephone interface is electrically connected to the program-controlled exchange board. The program-controlled exchange board is electrically connected to the network / telephone exchange control board. A fiber optic interface for connecting the optical fiber is provided on the metal chassis of the mains-powered switch. The fiber optic interface is electrically connected to the SFP fiber optic adapter board. The indicator hole corresponds to the indicator light on the indicator board. The mains components of the hybrid power supply switch include a power filter, a linear voltage regulator board, and a linear power supply. The working components of the hybrid power supply switch include a network / telephone exchange control board, an SFP fiber optic adapter board, and an indicator light board. The power switch of the hybrid power supply switch includes a mains control switch and a battery control switch. The power interface of the hybrid power supply switch is electrically connected to the linear power supply through the power filter. The linear power supply is electrically connected to the transformer. The transformer is electrically connected to the linear voltage regulator board. The linear voltage regulator board is electrically connected to the network / telephone exchange control board, the SFP fiber optic adapter board, and the indicator light board. The mains control switch is electrically connected to the linear power supply. The network interface and the telephone interface are both electrically connected to the network / telephone exchange control board. The metal chassis of the hybrid power supply switch is provided with an optical fiber interface for connecting the optical fiber. The optical fiber interface is electrically connected to the SFP fiber optic adapter board. The indicator light hole corresponds to the indicator light on the indicator light board.

[0010] Preferably, the SFP fiber optic adapter plate is sealed in a metal packaging cavity, the metal packaging cavity has an extension port for the fiber optic cage of the SFP fiber optic adapter plate to extend out, and the metal packaging cavity is tightly fitted with the fiber optic through hole on the metal chassis for installing the fiber optic interface.

[0011] Preferably, the components on the linear power supply, the network / telephone exchange control board, the program-controlled exchange board, the SFP optical fiber adapter board, and the indicator light board are all surface-mounted components.

[0012] Preferably, the power filter uses a shielding cover to isolate input and output interference, and when the shielding cover is installed, a beryllium copper spring is used to achieve good overlap with the metal chassis and the shell of the power filter.

[0013] Preferably, the electrical system adopts EMC wiring technology. When wiring, the power line and signal line are separated, the positive and negative power lines are parallel and as close as possible, and the internal wiring inside the metal chassis is standardized to prevent crosstalk between signals. Filter components are used for external signal interfaces to reduce the intensity of the machine's external signal radiation.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects: The low-leakage switch of the present invention adopts a split structure. According to the different power supply modes, it is divided into a mains-powered switch and a hybrid-powered switch. The hybrid-powered switch is placed inside a shielded darkroom (or other environments with high requirements for electromagnetic radiation and conducted noise) to provide signal connection for the equipment waiting to be tested in the darkroom. The mains-powered equipment is placed in the control room and connected to the accompanying electronic equipment. At this time, the mains-powered switch, the hybrid-powered switch and the accompanying test equipment together constitute the accompanying test system. The mains-powered switch and the hybrid-powered switch exchange information through optical fibers. The communication signal is transmitted in the form of optical signals, and no telecommunications are generated. The hybrid power supply switch is powered by its own battery and does not introduce active power. This prevents conduction and emission from external power lines from interfering with the darkroom test environment. In addition, the noise generated by the battery is much smaller than that from mains electricity.

[0015] In addition to the above-mentioned main technical problems, the present invention also solves the following technical problems: 1. Both the AC power supply switch and the hybrid power supply switch of the present invention use a metal chassis, which can shield the leakage of electromagnetic waves by utilizing the properties of metal. The overlapping gaps of the metal chassis are sealed and electromagnetic wave shielding components are added. The power switch and each interface use devices with shielding functions, and conductive rubber sheets are added between them and the box wall of the installation port. The depth of the indicator hole is increased to achieve the same electromagnetic wave cutting effect as the principle of the cutoff waveguide. As a result, the AC power supply switch and the hybrid power supply switch each form a complete shielding body, reducing the leakage of electromagnetic waves and information.

[0016] 2. The conductive overlapping treatment is performed on the overlapping gaps on the metal chassis of the present invention, which can reduce or eliminate the adverse effects of complex environments on the performance of electronic devices and prevent them from being oxidized in the air and affecting the conductivity.

[0017] 3. The present invention improves the sealing effect by sealing the overlapped seams through mutually embedded sealing grooves and sealing ridges, and adopts electromagnetic shielding components to effectively shield the gaps in the metal chassis.

[0018] 4. The present invention sets the power line, network cable and telephone line as shielded cables. At the same time, the connection ends of the network cable and telephone line adopt aviation connection plugs. A conductive rubber gasket is provided between the plug part and the tail part of the aviation connection plug. A shielded crystal head is provided in the plug part. A shielding layer is provided between the tail part and the connection ends of the network cable and telephone line. The shielding layer, working devices and AC power devices are grounded through the grounding column, which can effectively suppress the external electromagnetic field and protect the safety of equipment and personnel. It can effectively improve the electromagnetic compatibility of electronic equipment, ensure the reliable operation of electronic equipment, prevent various circuits from interfering with each other during the operation of low-leakage switches, and make them compatible with each other. It also prevents information from leaking from the cables, thereby further deepening the shielding effect of the switch.

[0019] 5. The present invention seals the SFP fiber optic adapter plate in a metal packaging cavity. The fiber cage of the SFP fiber optic adapter plate fits tightly with the fiber through-hole on the metal chassis where the fiber optic interface is installed. The extension port and the box wall where the fiber through-hole is located are sealed and overlapped, so that the metal packaging cavity forms a cutoff waveguide to prevent leakage of the fiber optic interface. This solves the problem that the fiber optic interface is directly installed externally, has a large opening, and has no flange edge with the metal chassis, and cannot be shielded by adding a conductive rubber sheet.

[0020] 6. The power supply used in the low-leakage switch of the present invention is a linear power supply. It has no switching components, resulting in no switching noise and low external electromagnetic interference. Furthermore, the high-power programmable switching board is placed within the AC-powered switch. Therefore, the linear power supply of the hybrid power supply switch also has a lower operating power consumption. Unlike the AC-powered switch, a linear power supply with a large transformer coil is not required. This reduces the number of power devices and transmitting units in the hybrid power supply switch, resulting in a purer electromagnetic environment, higher shielding efficiency, and less external interference.

[0021] 7. The electrical equipment of the present invention adopts EMC wiring technology. During wiring, the power line and signal line are separated, the positive and negative power lines are parallel and as close as possible, the internal wiring inside the metal chassis is standardized to prevent crosstalk between signals, and filtering devices are used for the external signal interface to reduce the external signal radiation intensity of the machine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the deployment of a low-emission switch in a darkroom for accompanying testing in an embodiment; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the front panel of a hybrid power supply switch of a low-leakage switch in an embodiment; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the rear panel of a hybrid power supply switch of a low-leakage switch in an embodiment; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure and wiring of a hybrid power supply switch of a low-leakage switch in an embodiment; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the principle of a hybrid power supply switch of a low-leakage switch in an embodiment; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the front panel of a mains-powered switch of a low-radiation switch in an embodiment; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the rear panel of a mains-powered switch of a low-leakage switch in an embodiment; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure and wiring of a mains-powered switch of a low-leakage switch in an embodiment; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the principle of a mains-powered switch of a low-leakage switch in an embodiment; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the metal chassis gap shielding structure of the low-leakage switch in the embodiment; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the shielding structure of the metal chassis holes of the low-radiation switch in the embodiment; Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the shielding three-dimensional structure of the metal chassis holes of the low-leakage switch in the embodiment; Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the shielding structure of the optical fiber interface of the low-leakage switch in the embodiment; Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the shielding structure of the network cable and telephone line of the low-leakage switch in the embodiment.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Power filter; 2. Hybrid power supply switch linear power supply; 3. Hybrid power supply switch network / telephone exchange control board; 4. Symmetrical beryllium copper reed; 5. Hybrid power supply switch rear panel assembly; 6. SFP fiber optic adapter board; 7. Battery; 8. Linear voltage regulator board; 9. Hybrid power supply switch metal chassis; 10. Hybrid power supply switch front panel assembly; 11. Network port aviation connector; 12. Hybrid power supply switch indicator board; 13. Battery control switch; 14. Mains power control switch; 15. Power aviation connector; 16. Fuse holder; 17. Grounding post; 18. Telephone voice aviation connector; 19 1. Linear power supply for mains-powered switch; 20. Network / telephone exchange control board for mains-powered switch; 21. Metal chassis for mains-powered switch; 22. Transformer; 23. Programmable exchange board; 24. Front panel components for mains-powered switch; 25. Indicator light board for mains-powered switch; 26. Transparent light guide column; 27. Conductive rubber gasket; 28. Metal packaging cavity; 29. ​​Shielded RJ45 connector; 30. Plug part; 31. Tail attachment part; 32. Shielded cable; 33. Shielding layer; 34. Hybrid power supply switch; 35. Mains-powered switch; 36. Optical fiber; 37. Shielded darkroom; 38. Equipment under test; 39. Accompanying test equipment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] This embodiment provides a low-emission switch, such as Figures 1 to 14As shown, it includes a hybrid power supply switch 34 and a mains power supply switch 35, forming a split structure. The mains power supply switch 35 includes a mains power device, which can be connected to 220V mains (or other specifications of mains) for operation. The hybrid power supply switch 34 includes a mains power device and a battery 7. The hybrid power supply switch 34 can be connected to 220V mains (or other specifications of mains) through the mains power device to operate, or it can be powered by the battery 7 for operation, and the battery 7 can also be charged by the mains power device. The hybrid power supply switch 34 is powered by its own battery 7 and will not introduce an active power supply. In this way, there will be no conduction and emission from the external power line to interfere with the test environment of the shielded darkroom 37, etc., and the noise generated by the battery 7 is much smaller than that of the mains. In addition, because of the battery 7, this low-leakage switch can be used in areas without mains power supply and in places with higher safety requirements. As a preferred battery 7, a lithium battery is used, and of course other types of batteries can also be used as needed. The mains power supply switch 35 and the hybrid power supply switch 34 exchange information through optical fiber 36. The advantage of using optical fiber is that communication signals are transmitted as optical signals, generating no electrical signals, generating or emitting no radiation, and being immune to electromagnetic interference. This ensures the reliability and stability of the transmitted signals, as well as the security and non-leakage of information. It avoids the risk of external interference introduced into shielded darkrooms 37 or other special environments with strict electromagnetic wave requirements when using electrical signal transmission cables, and also ensures the reliability and stability of the transmitted signals. Furthermore, with the addition of optical fiber 36, a single optical fiber cable can replace multiple network cables (telephone lines), greatly improving communication efficiency.

[0027] Working principle (this low-emission switch is used as an example of the EMC test equipment): The hybrid power supply switch 34 is placed inside the shielded darkroom 37 to provide signal connection for the device under test 38 in the shielded darkroom 37. The mains power supply switch 35 is placed in the operating room and connected to the accompanying test device 39. The system exchanges information through optical fiber, so that the external accompanying test device 39 and the internal device under test 38 form a complete communication system to complete signal transmission and functional testing. The hybrid power supply switch 34 placed in the shielded darkroom 37 in the system is powered by a battery 7, and will not cause interference to the test environment of the shielded darkroom 37 due to conduction and emission caused by the external power cord. The use of optical fiber to transmit in the form of optical signals does not generate electrical signals, and does not generate or carry out radiation, thus avoiding the use of electrical signal transmission cables to bring external interference into the shielded darkroom 37, and also ensuring the reliability and stability of the transmission signal.

[0028] The low-radiation performance of a low-radiation switch is closely related to the shielding design of its chassis. In particular, gaps and holes in the chassis are one of the main reasons for the degradation of the chassis shielding effectiveness. The so-called holes are mainly the installation holes corresponding to various interfaces and power switches, as well as the indicator holes, while the gaps mainly refer to the joints of the chassis. Therefore, in one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 14 As shown, both the mains-powered switch 35 and the hybrid-powered switch 34 utilize metal chassis, leveraging the metal's properties to shield electromagnetic waves from leakage. The overlapping gaps in the metal chassis are sealed and equipped with electromagnetic wave shielding components to enhance shielding effectiveness. For the power switch and various interfaces (network interface, telephone interface, fiber optic interface, and power interface), the diameter of the openings in the metal chassis for mounting the power switch and interfaces is generally relatively large. Therefore, to achieve shielding, conductive treatment must be applied between the via components and the wall of the mounting openings, and shielding devices must be selected. Therefore, the network interface, telephone interface, and power interface utilize aviation connectors, and both the aviation connector and the power switch utilize metal components. The network interface, telephone interface, power interface, and power switch are all connected to the wall of the corresponding mounting openings on the metal chassis via flanges. Conductive rubber sheets are installed between the flanges and the wall of the mounting openings to provide conductive treatment. The aperture of the indicator light hole on the metal chassis is generally small, so it is sufficient to increase the depth of the hole to make its shielding effect sufficient, so that the indicator light hole has a hole depth that can play a role in cutting off electromagnetic waves. Its mechanism is equivalent to that of a cutoff waveguide. Generally speaking, the aperture of the indicator light hole needs to be set within 3mm, and the hole depth can be set to be more than 10mm. A transparent light guide column 26 for guiding light is provided in the indicator light hole, which can maintain a high brightness and a good observation effect. Preferably, the transparent light guide column 26 adopts an organic glass rod. Of course, in another embodiment, the transparent light guide column 26 can adopt a transparent plastic rod such as acrylic. After the above-mentioned treatment of the metal chassis seams and chassis holes (including the mounting port and the indicator light hole), the metal chassis becomes a complete shielding body, which greatly improves the electromagnetic wave shielding effect, prevents information leakage, and forms a low-leakage switch.

[0029] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 14 As shown, the metal chassis can be made of highly conductive aluminum alloy material and undergo conductive oxidation treatment to prevent it from oxidizing in the air and affecting the conductivity. All joints and sealing grooves of the chassis are subjected to conductive oxidation treatment. The aluminum alloy material is light in weight, which is conducive to lightweighting.

[0030] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 14 As shown, the overlap gaps on the metal chassis are treated with conductive treatment to prevent them from oxidizing in the air and affecting the conductivity, so that the chassis is electrically continuous and forms a shielded whole. Each metal component can also be treated with conductive treatment to prevent them from oxidizing in the air and affecting the conductivity.

[0031] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 14 As shown, the sealing treatment method includes providing mutually embedded sealing grooves and sealing ridges at the overlapping gap, and the sealing grooves and sealing ridges extend along the length direction of the overlapping gap. At least one sealing groove is provided, and at least one corresponding sealing ridge is provided. Preferably, three sealing grooves are provided, and three sealing ridges are provided, which can improve the sealing effect. Furthermore, if the sealing area formed by the multiple sealing grooves and sealing ridges has a sufficiently wide overlapping width to ensure the sealing effect, it is recommended to reach more than 14 mm. The sealing effect can be significantly improved. The electromagnetic wave shielding component includes a symmetrical beryllium copper reed 4, which is installed on the sealing groove near the innermost side of the metal chassis by rivets. The symmetrical beryllium copper reed 4 is located between the installed sealing groove and its corresponding sealing ridge. The symmetrical beryllium copper reed 4 is pressed tightly into the sealing groove by the sealing ridge, making the shielding performance of the gap more reliable. Preferably, the symmetrical beryllium copper reed 4 used needs to have a 110dB shielding effect in the magnetic field (100kHz), a 100dB shielding effect in the electric field (10MHz), and a 90dB shielding effect in the plane wave (1GHz), that is, it has a high shielding effect in the entire band, which can effectively shield the gaps in the metal chassis. Of course, it can also be adjusted according to actual needs. In addition, the metal chassis should use sufficiently dense screws to form a shielding cabin for the entire metal chassis to achieve good electromagnetic compatibility. The symmetrical beryllium copper reed 4 can use a 55-55800 symmetrical beryllium copper reed. This model is only a preferred model and does not serve as a limitation. Other models can be used according to actual needs.

[0032] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 14As shown, in addition to the above-mentioned shielding of the chassis seams, holes, etc. of the metal chassis, another item that easily causes information leakage is the cables, so the shielding of the cables is crucial. Therefore, the power cable connected to the power interface, the network cable connected to the network interface, and the telephone cable connected to the telephone interface are all shielded cables 32. The connection ends of the network cable and the telephone cable are both provided with aviation connection plugs, which are used to cooperate with aviation connectors. The aviation connection plug includes a plug part 30 and a tail part 31 that are connected to each other. A conductive rubber gasket 27 is provided between the plug part 30 and the tail part 31. The conductive rubber gasket 27 is preferably an aluminum-plated silver conductive rubber gasket, which can of course be adjusted according to actual needs. A shielded crystal plug 29 is provided in the plug part 30, and a shielding layer 33 is provided between the tail part 31 and the connection ends of the network cable and the telephone cable. The shielding layer 33 is electrically connected to the grounding column 17. Shielded cable 32 directs common-mode interference current injected into the cable to the ground through the grounded shield layer 33. This protects the signals and cable interfaces within the shield layer 33 from external interference, making it suitable for use in high-interference environments. It effectively shields external electromagnetic interference, maintaining the stability of network transmission and telephone connections. The shielding structure of shielded cable 32 also inherently reduces mutual interference between cables. The shielding system not only blocks external electromagnetic signals but also prevents electromagnetic leakage from the cable itself. The shield layer 33 should be placed 360° around the cable, overlapping the hole wall of the tail section 31 and properly grounded. The shield layer 33 can be made of wire mesh, or alternatively, a metal sleeve. The metal chassis also features a fuse holder 16 and a grounding post 17. Both the grounding post 17 and the fuse holder 16 are connected to the wall of the corresponding mounting hole in the metal chassis via flanges. A conductive rubber sheet is installed between the flanges and the wall of the mounting hole. The shield layer 33, the working components within the metal chassis, and the mains components are electrically connected to the grounding post 17 for grounding. Grounding is an important part of the electromagnetic compatibility design of electronic equipment. Good grounding can effectively suppress external electromagnetic fields while protecting the safety of equipment and personnel. It can effectively improve the electromagnetic compatibility of electronic equipment and ensure the reliable operation of electronic equipment. In order to prevent various circuits from interfering with each other in the operation of low-emission switches and enable them to work compatibly with each other, In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 14 As shown: The AC power supply components of the AC power supply switch 35 include a power filter 1, a linear voltage regulator board 8, a linear power supply 19, and a transformer 22. The operating components of the AC power supply switch 35 include the AC power supply network / telephone exchange control board 20, a programmable switching board 23, and an indicator light board 25. The power switch of the AC power supply switch 35 includes a AC power control switch 14. The power interface is electrically connected to the AC power supply linear power supply 19 via the power filter 1. The AC power supply 19 is electrically connected to the linear voltage regulator board 8 via the transformer 22. The linear voltage regulator board 8 is electrically connected to the AC power supply network / telephone exchange control board 20, the programmable switching board 23, the SFP fiber optic adapter board 6, and the indicator light board 25. (Alternatively, the linear voltage regulator board 8 may be omitted, and the AC power supply 19 may be powered directly by the transformer 22.) The AC power control switch 14 is electrically connected to the AC power supply linear power supply 19. The network interface is electrically connected to the AC power supply network / telephone exchange control board 20. The telephone interface is electrically connected to the programmable switching board 23, which is in turn electrically connected to the network / telephone switching control board 20 of the mains-powered switch. The metal chassis 21 of the mains-powered switch features a fiber optic interface for connecting an optical fiber 36, which is electrically connected to the SFP fiber optic adapter board 6. The indicator light corresponds to the indicator light on the indicator board 25 of the mains-powered switch. The mains-powered switch 35 is powered by a linear power supply. The linear power supply 19 first reduces the voltage amplitude of the AC power through a transformer 22, then rectifies and filters it through a rectifier circuit to produce a DC voltage with minimal ripple voltage. This voltage is then passed through a linear voltage regulator board 8 to generate a high-precision DC voltage to power the various boards and modules of the mains-powered switch. The power filter 1 significantly reduces the level of conducted interference, ensuring compliance with conducted emission and sensor sensitivity requirements, minimizing excess conducted emissions from power lines. The internal power supply of the device utilizes a linear power supply, rather than a switching power supply. The linear power supply circuit lacks switching components, eliminating electromagnetic signal interference caused by switching noise.

[0033] The mains components of the hybrid power switch 34 include a power filter 1, a hybrid power switch linear power supply 2, a linear voltage regulator board 8, and a transformer 22. The operating components of the hybrid power switch 34 include the hybrid power switch network / telephone exchange control board 3, an SFP fiber optic adapter board 6, and a hybrid power switch indicator board 12. The power switches of the hybrid power switch 34 include a battery control switch 13 and a mains control switch 14. The power interface is electrically connected to the hybrid power switch linear power supply 2 via the power filter 1. The hybrid power switch linear power supply 2 is electrically connected to the linear voltage regulator board 8 via the transformer 22. The linear voltage regulator board 8 is electrically connected to the hybrid power switch network / telephone exchange control board 3, the SFP fiber optic adapter board 6, and the hybrid power switch indicator board 12 (alternatively, the linear voltage regulator board 8 may be omitted, with the hybrid power switch linear power supply 2 powered directly by the transformer 22). The mains control switch 14 is electrically connected to the hybrid power switch linear power supply 2. The hybrid power switch linear power supply 2 is electrically connected to the battery 7, and the battery control switch 13 is electrically connected to the battery 7. The hybrid power switch indicator panel 12 corresponds to the indicator lights on the hybrid power switch indicator panel 12. The hybrid power switch 34 provides power to the entire device through both a linear power supply and a battery. Using battery 7 for power can ensure the normal operation of the equipment for more than four hours. The built-in hybrid power switch linear power supply 2 can also convert 220V to 8.4V to charge the battery 7. Alternatively, the hybrid power switch linear power supply 2 can be used directly for power, providing high-precision DC voltage for the operation of various boards and modules. The network interface and telephone interface are both electrically connected to the network / telephone exchange control panel 3 of the electrical switch. The hybrid power switch metal chassis 9 is provided with an optical fiber interface for connecting the optical fiber 36, which is electrically connected to the SFP optical fiber adapter board 6. The indicator light hole corresponds to the indicator light on the hybrid power switch indicator panel 12.

[0034] In summary, the power supply used within the device is a linear power supply rather than a switching power supply. The linear power supply circuit lacks switching components, eliminating electromagnetic signal interference caused by switching noise. The inclusion of a battery 7 eliminates electromagnetic signal interference caused by the power supply and its cables, enabling its use in harsher environments. Furthermore, the high-power programmable switching board 23 is located within the mains-powered switch 35, resulting in a lower operating power consumption for the hybrid power switch linear power supply 2 of the hybrid power switch 34. Unlike the mains-powered switch 35, which requires a large transformer coil, the mains-powered switch linear power supply 19 is no longer required. This reduces the number of power devices and transmitters required by the hybrid power switch 34, resulting in a cleaner electromagnetic environment for the hybrid power switch 34, higher shielding efficiency, and less external interference.

[0035] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 14As shown, the hybrid power supply switch 34 and the mains power supply switch 35 each provide two independent network communication channels, two independent telephone voice communication channels, and one fiber optic communication channel. Each network communication channel includes two standard RJ45 network interfaces, each of which supports adaptive 10 / 100 / 1000Base-T Gigabit Ethernet. Each telephone voice communication channel provides two standard RJ11 telephone interfaces, and each fiber optic communication channel has a standard fiber optic interface. By inserting the two ends of the optical fiber 36 into the fiber optic interfaces of the hybrid power supply switch 34 and the mains power supply switch 35, information exchange can be achieved between the hybrid power supply switch 34 and the mains power supply switch 35. The fiber optic interface is equipped with an optoelectronic conversion module that supports both single-mode and multi-mode modes, and the optical interface speed can reach 10G. Of course, the telephone interfaces, network interfaces, and fiber optic interfaces provided above are only reference values ​​and can be expanded according to needs.

[0036] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 14 As shown, because the fiber interface is directly mounted externally, the opening is relatively large, and there is no flange with the metal chassis, shielding cannot be achieved by adding a conductive rubber sheet. Therefore, the SFP fiber adapter board 6 is sealed within a metal packaging cavity 28. The metal packaging cavity 28 has an extension port through which the fiber cage of the SFP fiber adapter board 6 can extend. The fiber cage of the SFP fiber adapter board 6 fits tightly with the fiber through-hole in the metal chassis where the fiber interface is installed. The extension port and the box wall where the fiber through-hole is located are sealed and overlapped, forming a cutoff waveguide in the metal packaging cavity 28 to prevent leakage from the fiber interface. Preferably, the metal packaging cavity 28 is made of aluminum alloy. The metal packaging cavity 28 is recommended to be at least 85 mm long, but this can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0037] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 14 As shown, the indicator panel 25 of the mains-powered switch includes a status indicator and a power indicator. The status indicators include a network connection indicator, a phone connection indicator, and a network transmission indicator. The indicator panel 12 of the hybrid-powered switch includes a status indicator, a power indicator, a battery indicator, and a fiber remote end indicator. The status indicators include a network connection indicator, a phone connection indicator, and a network transmission indicator. These indicators allow real-time monitoring of the operating status of the chassis and interconnected devices, facilitating daily management.

[0038] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 14 As shown: The network interface, hybrid power switch indicator panel 12, battery control switch 13, and AC power control switch 14 of the hybrid power switch metal chassis 9 are all located on the front panel and installed through the hybrid power switch front panel assembly 10 on the front panel. The network interface uses the network port aviation connector 11. The power interface, fuse holder 16, grounding post 17, telephone interface, and fiber optic interface of the hybrid power switch metal chassis 9 are all located on the rear panel and installed through the hybrid power switch rear panel assembly 5 on the rear panel. The power interface uses the power aviation connector 15, the telephone interface uses the telephone voice aviation connector 18, and the fiber optic interface uses the fiber optic aviation connector. The various functional modules of the device, such as the linear power supply, PCB board, and the bracket that serves as a fixing, are perfectly overlapped and grounded through the grounding post 17. The ground end of the AC power supply line is grounded through the grounding post 17, and the shield layer 33 of the shielded cable 32 is grounded through the grounding post 17.

[0039] The network interface, indicator panel 25, and control switch 14 of the metal chassis 21 of the AC power supply switch are all located on the front panel and installed through the front panel assembly 24 of the AC power supply switch. The network interface uses the network port aviation connector 11. The power interface, fuse holder 16, grounding post 17, telephone interface, and fiber optic interface of the metal chassis 21 of the AC power supply switch are all located on the rear panel and installed through the rear panel assembly of the AC power supply switch. The power interface uses the power aviation connector 15, the telephone interface uses the telephone voice aviation connector 18, and the fiber optic interface uses the fiber optic aviation connector. The various functional modules of the device, such as the linear power supply, PCB board, and the bracket that serves as a fixation, are perfectly overlapped and grounded through the grounding post 17. The ground end of the AC power supply line is grounded through the grounding post 17, and the shielding layer 33 of the shielded cable 32 is grounded through the grounding post 17.

[0040] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 14 As shown, The hybrid power switch 34 uses a DFM-2A-21 power filter 1, a 25W, 220V to 8.4V hybrid power switch linear power supply 2, a rechargeable lithium battery (7.4V / 12.8Ah), four standard RJ45 network ports (aviation connector YW1-20F01S1), a lithium battery charge and discharge control switch (KN4A-403AM switch) for battery control 13, a KN4A-202DM switch for mains control 14, an AC 220V input power supply (aviation connector Y50X-0803Z30J), an R3-26 fuse holder 16, a JL15-01Z-4 grounding stud 17, and four standard RJ11 telephone ports (aviation connector YW1-20F05S1). The hybrid power switch 34 provides power via both a linear power supply and a rechargeable lithium battery. When powered by a rechargeable lithium battery, turn the battery control switch 13 to the working position and then turn the mains control switch 14 to the off position. The lithium battery guarantees over four hours of operation, and a battery indicator light is provided on the front panel. Turn the battery control switch 13 to the charging position and then turn the mains control switch 14 to the on position, and the hybrid power switch's linear power supply 2 converts 220V to 8.4V to charge the battery. When powered by the hybrid power switch's linear power supply 2, turn the battery control switch 13 to the charging position and then turn the mains control switch 14 to the on position. The hybrid power switch's linear power supply 2 first reduces the voltage amplitude of the AC power through a transformer, then rectifies it through a rectifier circuit to generate pulsed DC power. This is then filtered to produce a DC voltage with minimal ripple voltage. This voltage is then passed through a linear voltage regulator 8 to generate a high-precision DC voltage to power the various boards and modules of the hybrid power switch 34 for normal operation. The hybrid power switch's linear power supply 2 outputs an average power of 25W, a standby power of 15W, and a maximum output of 30W during operation. Of course, the above parameters and models are only preferred and can be modified based on actual needs.

[0041] The mains-powered switch 35 utilizes a DFM-2A-21 power filter 1 and a GW200 programmable switching board 23. Four standard RJ45 network ports (aviation connector YW1-20F01S1), a mains-powered device indicator panel 25, and a power switch (KN4A-202DM) are located on the mains-powered switch's front panel assembly 24. The rear panel assembly is identical to that of the hybrid-powered switch 34. It uses a linear power supply, which first reduces the voltage amplitude of AC power through a transformer module 22. This voltage is then rectified by a rectifier circuit to produce pulsed DC power. This power is then filtered to produce a DC voltage with minimal ripple voltage. This voltage is then passed through a voltage regulator module to produce a high-precision DC voltage that supplies the various boards and modules of the mains-powered equipment for normal operation. The power supply outputs an average power of 50W, a standby power of 15W, and a maximum power of 60W during operation. Of course, the above parameters and models are only preferred and can be modified based on actual needs.

[0042] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 14 As shown, the components on the linear power supply, network / telephone exchange control board, programmable exchange board 23, SFP fiber optic adapter board 6, and indicator light board all utilize surface-mounted components. In the motherboard design, surface-mounted components are used as much as possible in the core modules and power modules to minimize the "antenna effect" created by the pins of plug-in components, suppress signal radiation, and reduce the loop area between sensitive and source circuits. Specifically, signal lines or current-carrying lines are brought close to or twisted together with their return lines, increasing the spacing between the two types of circuits and ensuring that the planes of the sensitive and source circuits are orthogonal or nearly orthogonal. This reduces mutual inductance between the lines and, therefore, coupling.

[0043] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 14 As shown, to give full play to the high performance of the filter, the switch should adhere to the following measures when installing the power filter 1: (1) The power filter 1 should be as close as possible to the power interface of the metal chassis, that is, the power input line inside the metal chassis should be as short as possible; (2) The metal shell of the power filter 1 must ensure good "surface contact" with the chassis wall. The power filter 1 is prohibited from being installed in the air, and the lap impedance should not be greater than 2.5 milliohms; (3) Keep the input / output lines of the power filter 1 as far away as possible to prevent the input and output from coupling with the power filter 1.

[0044] (4) The power filter 1 uses a shielding cover to isolate the input and output interference. When installing the shielding cover, beryllium copper springs are used to ensure good overlap with the metal chassis and the shell of the power filter 1.

[0045] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 14As shown, the electric system adopts EMC wiring technology. When wiring, the power line and signal line are separated. The positive and negative power lines are parallel and as close as possible. The internal wiring inside the metal chassis is standardized to prevent crosstalk between signals. Filter components are used for external signal interfaces to reduce the intensity of the machine's external signal radiation.

[0046] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 14 As shown, the radiation level of the transmitter is a significant factor affecting the low-emission performance of the equipment. Therefore, before the design began, the radiation mechanism of each PCB board in the switch system was studied within the operating frequency band of the equipment. By analyzing the mechanism and intensity of the equipment's electromagnetic radiation within the frequency range of 10kHz to 18GHz, corresponding measures were formulated to address electromagnetic radiation leakage and power line conduction leakage. When the telephone network switch board and the programmable switch board 23 were operating under load, the measured amplitude was recorded and the transmitter was processed based on the operating characteristics of the transmitter. For example, for conducted interference, a specialized filter was designed based on the test spectrum. Regarding the clock source, the design ensured that it was as far away from external interfaces and structural openings as possible.

[0047] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 14 As shown, the low-emission switch incorporates all of the aforementioned measures, enabling it to perform multiple functions, including network switching, telephone switching, and fiber optic switching. This eliminates electromagnetic leakage issues throughout the entire link, from the device signal source, through the signal transmission channel, and the signal receiving end. It also addresses leakage issues from chassis gaps and holes, addresses device grounding, addresses input and output signal shielding, addresses conduction and radiation from external cables, addresses shielding and filtering of transmission lines within switching equipment, and addresses cable interconnection, shielding, and filtering. By providing electromagnetic protection for the entire device and every aspect of the signal transmission link, the low-emission switch boasts excellent electromagnetic information security performance across the entire link and across all frequency bands, effectively preventing information leakage and ensuring the security of confidential information.

[0048] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will find that the specific implementation methods and application scopes may vary based on the concept of the present invention. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-leakage switch, characterized in that: It comprises a mains power supply switch and a hybrid power supply switch, wherein information is exchanged between the mains power supply switch and the hybrid power supply switch via optical fiber, the mains power supply switch comprises mains power components, and the hybrid power supply switch comprises mains power components and a battery.

2. A low-leakage switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The AC power supply switch and the hybrid power supply switch both adopt a metal chassis, and the metal chassis is provided with a network interface, a telephone interface, an optical fiber interface, a power interface and an indicator light hole. The network interface, the telephone interface and the power interface all adopt aviation connectors, and the aviation connector and the power switch are made of metal. The network interface, the telephone interface, the power interface and the power switch are all connected to the box wall of the corresponding installation port on the metal chassis through a flange edge, and a conductive rubber plate is installed between the flange edge and the box wall of the installation port. The indicator light hole has a hole depth that can cut off electromagnetic waves, and a transparent light guide column for guiding light is provided in the indicator light hole. The overlapping gaps on the metal chassis are sealed and an electromagnetic wave shielding component is added.

3. A low-leakage switch according to claim 2, characterized in that: The overlapping gaps on the metal chassis are subjected to conductive overlapping treatment.

4. A low-leakage switch according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sealing treatment method includes setting mutually embedded sealing grooves and sealing ridges at the overlapping gap, and the sealing grooves and sealing ridges extend along the length direction of the overlapping gap. The electromagnetic wave shielding component includes a symmetrical beryllium copper spring installed by rivets between the sealing groove and the sealing ridge near the innermost side of the metal chassis.

5. A low-leakage switch according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power cord connected to the power interface, the network cable connected to the network interface, and the telephone line connected to the telephone interface are all shielded cables. The connection ends of the network cable and the telephone line are both provided with aviation connection plugs for cooperating with aviation connectors. The aviation connection plug includes a plug part and a tail part. A conductive rubber gasket is provided between the plug part and the tail part. A shielded crystal head is provided in the plug part. A shielding layer is provided between the tail part and the connection ends of the network cable and the telephone line. A grounding column and a fuse seat are also provided on the metal chassis. The grounding column and the fuse seat are both connected to the box wall of the corresponding mounting through hole on the metal chassis through a flange edge. A conductive rubber plate is installed between the flange edge and the box wall of the mounting through hole. The shielding layer, the working components inside the metal chassis, and the AC components are electrically connected to the grounding column.

6. A low-leakage switch according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mains components of the mains power supply switch include a power filter, a linear voltage regulator board, and a linear power supply. The working components of the mains power supply switch include a network / telephone exchange control board, a program-controlled exchange board, an SFP optical fiber adapter board, and an indicator light board. The power switch of the mains power supply switch includes a mains control switch. The power interface of the mains power supply switch is electrically connected to the linear power supply through the power filter. The linear power supply is electrically connected to the transformer. The transformer is electrically connected to the linear voltage regulator board. The linear voltage regulator board is electrically connected to the network / telephone exchange control board, the program-controlled exchange board, the SFP optical fiber adapter board, and the indicator light board. The mains control switch is electrically connected to the linear power supply. The network interface is electrically connected to the network / telephone exchange control board. The telephone interface is electrically connected to the program-controlled exchange board. The program-controlled exchange board is electrically connected to the network / telephone exchange control board. The metal chassis of the mains power supply switch is provided with an optical fiber interface for connecting the optical fiber. The optical fiber interface is electrically connected to the SFP optical fiber adapter board. The indicator light hole corresponds to the indicator light on the indicator light board. The mains components of the hybrid power supply switch include a power filter, a linear voltage regulator board, and a linear power supply. The working components of the hybrid power supply switch include a network / telephone exchange control board, an SFP optical fiber adapter board, and an indicator light board. The power switch of the hybrid power supply switch includes a mains control switch and a battery control switch. The power interface of the hybrid power supply switch is electrically connected to the linear power supply through the power filter, the linear power supply is electrically connected to the transformer, the transformer is electrically connected to the linear voltage regulator board, the linear voltage regulator board is electrically connected to the network / telephone exchange control board, the SFP optical fiber adapter board, and the indicator light board, the mains control switch is electrically connected to the linear power supply, the network interface and the telephone interface are both electrically connected to the network / telephone exchange control board, and an optical fiber interface for connecting the optical fiber is provided on the metal chassis of the hybrid power supply switch. The optical fiber interface is electrically connected to the SFP optical fiber adapter board, and the indicator light hole corresponds to the indicator light on the indicator light board.

7. A low-leakage switch according to claim 6, characterized in that: The SFP fiber adapter plate is sealed in a metal packaging cavity, which has an extension opening for the fiber cage of the SFP fiber adapter plate to extend out, and the metal packaging cavity is tightly fitted with the fiber through hole on the metal chassis where the fiber interface is installed.

8. A low-leakage switch according to claim 7, characterized in that: The components on the linear power supply, network / telephone exchange control board, program-controlled exchange board, SFP fiber optic adapter board, and indicator light board are all surface-mounted components.

9. A low-leakage switch according to claim 6, characterized in that: The power filter uses a shielding cover to isolate input and output interference. When the shielding cover is installed, a beryllium copper spring is used to achieve good overlap with the metal chassis and the shell of the power filter.

10. A low-leakage switch according to claim 9, characterized in that: The electric system adopts EMC wiring technology. When wiring, the power line and signal line are separated. The positive and negative power lines are parallel and as close as possible. The internal wiring inside the metal chassis is standardized to prevent crosstalk between signals. Filter components are used for external signal interfaces to reduce the intensity of external signal radiation of the machine.

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