Wear-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a wear-resistant aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of aluminum alloys. The intermediate alloy and the aluminum ingot are added at the same time, so that the melting and dissolving time can be prolonged, and high-melting-point elements can be dispersed in molten aluminum; by means of mechanical alloying and rapid sintering, the surface of the aluminum alloy is covered with wear-resistant particles, the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy is improved, meanwhile, the mechanical performance of the aluminum alloy is guaranteed, and metallurgical bonding is formed after subsequent sintering; mechanical alloying can improve the mixing uniformity between the aluminum alloy powder and the wear-resistant particles and the bonding energy between the wear-resistant particles and the aluminum powder; after the wear-resistant layer is prepared, through heat treatment, the form in the alloy can be remarkably refined, and a strengthening phase is dispersed in a matrix; according to the aluminum alloy material produced through the technology, high-quality aluminum alloy can be forged, high strength is achieved, good abrasion resistance is achieved, and the post-treatment time of the aluminum alloy can be saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloys, in particular to a wear-resistant aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum alloy is an alloy with aluminum as the base and a certain amount of other alloying elements added. It is one of the light metal materials. In addition to the general properties of aluminum, aluminum alloy has some specific properties of alloys due to the different types and quantities of added alloying elements. It is the most commonly used material in structural engineering. It has low specific gravity, good heat transfer, good electrical conductivity, environmental protection, and recyclability. It is widely used in 3C, automobile transportation, home, aerospace, chemical industry, rockets and other fields. With the development of the economy, the requirements for alloys are getting higher and higher.

[0003] However, aluminum alloys currently on the market generally have the problem of high wear resistance but poor toughness, or insufficient wear resistance but good ductility. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a wear-resistant aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method for preparing a wear-resistant aluminum alloy, comprising the following preparation steps:

[0006] (1) Pure aluminum, pure iron, aluminum-tungsten alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy, aluminum-nickel alloy, and pure magnesium are kept at 780-790°C until they are melted to obtain a molten liquid;

[0007] (2) The molten metal is introduced into a static furnace, and a refining agent is sprayed into the molten metal using argon gas for refining. The amount of the refining agent added is 0.1 to 1.0% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid. Then, argon gas is used for refining for 30 minutes. After the refining process is completed, the aluminum alloy molten metal is further deslagging using a metallurgical deslagging device;

[0008] (3) After the slag removal treatment is completed, the aluminum alloy is cast by standing in a standing furnace for 30 minutes, and the temperature in the standing furnace is maintained at 720-740° C.;

[0009] (4) mixing rare earth powder, aluminum powder, boron powder and titanium powder in a mass ratio of 0.5 to 5:50:1 to 5:5 to 10 and ball milling to obtain alloy powder;

[0010] (5) Spread the alloy powder on the surface of the aluminum alloy, sinter at 550°C for 10-15 minutes, quickly cool to room temperature, apply cold pressure at 40 MPa for 5 minutes, solution at 550°C for 3-6 hours, and then quench in a water tank at 55-65°C;

[0011] (6) Place at room temperature for 10 to 24 hours, then keep at 200 to 250°C for 4 to 10 hours, remove from the furnace and air cool to obtain a wear-resistant aluminum alloy.

[0012] Furthermore, the mass ratio of pure aluminum, pure iron, aluminum-tungsten alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy, aluminum-nickel alloy and pure magnesium in step (1) is 1-1.5: 0.01-0.2: 0.5-1.1: 0.9-1: 0.8-1.1: 0.1-0.3.

[0013] Furthermore, the aluminum-tungsten alloy contains 5-10% tungsten by mass, the aluminum-molybdenum alloy contains 1-10% molybdenum by mass, and the aluminum-nickel alloy contains 10-15% nickel by mass.

[0014] Furthermore, the refining agent in step (2) is industrial salt, calcium oxide, and silicon dioxide in a mass ratio of 10-28:40-55:6-22.

[0015] Furthermore, the rare earth powder in step (3) is a single rare earth oxide powder or a rare earth alloy powder, or a combination of several of them.

[0016] Furthermore, the milling parameters in step (4) are: a ball milling speed of 300-400 rpm, a ball-to-material ratio of 5:1-10:1, and a ball milling time of 3-5 h.

[0017] Furthermore, the rare earth powder in step (4) has a particle size of 5 to 12 μm.

[0018] Furthermore, the aluminum powder in step (4) has a particle size of 5 to 12 μm.

[0019] Furthermore, the boron powder in step (4) has a particle size of 10 to 15 μm.

[0020] Furthermore, the particle size of the titanium powder in step (4) is 10 to 15 μm.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0022] (1) The present invention adds the master alloy and the aluminum ingot at the same time, which can prolong the melting and dissolving time, and is conducive to the dispersion of high melting point elements in the aluminum melt; the mechanical alloying and rapid sintering method of the present invention covers the wear-resistant particles on the surface of the aluminum alloy, while improving the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy, ensuring the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy, and forming a metallurgical bond after subsequent sintering; mechanical alloying can improve the mixing uniformity between the aluminum alloy powder and the wear-resistant particles and the binding energy between the wear-resistant particles and the aluminum powder;

[0023] (2) After preparing the wear-resistant layer, the present invention can significantly refine the morphology of the alloy through heat treatment and disperse the strengthening phase in the matrix; the aluminum alloy material produced by the present invention using this process can be forged into a high-quality aluminum alloy, which not only has high strength but also has good wear resistance, and can save the time for the later processing of the aluminum alloy. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the method provided by the present invention, the following examples are used to describe in detail the various index testing methods of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy prepared in the following examples.

[0026] Tensile strength: The tensile strength of the alloy was tested using an AG-X-100KN vertical electronic universal material testing machine (load capacity: 100KN);

[0027] Wear resistance: The wear resistance of the alloy was tested on an M-2000 friction and wear testing machine, with a sample size of 10 mm × 10 mm × 6 mm, a load of 200 N, a rotation speed of 214 r / min, a friction pair material of GCr15 bearing steel, a surface hardness of HRC60-62, a diameter of 47 mm, and a wear time of 20 min.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] (1) Pure aluminum, pure iron, aluminum-tungsten alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy, aluminum-nickel alloy, and pure magnesium are heated to 780° C. in a mass ratio of 1.1:0.048:0.62:0.9:0.8:0.1, and kept warm until melted to obtain a molten liquid; the aluminum-tungsten alloy contains 5% by mass of tungsten, the aluminum-molybdenum alloy contains 1% by mass of molybdenum, and the aluminum-nickel alloy contains 10% by mass of nickel;

[0030] (2) The molten metal is introduced into a static furnace, and a refining agent is sprayed into the molten metal for refining using argon gas. The amount of the refining agent added is 1% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid. The refining agent is industrial salt, calcium oxide, and silicon dioxide in a mass ratio of 10:40:6. Then, argon gas is used for refining for 30 minutes. After the refining process is completed, the aluminum alloy molten metal is further deslagging using a metallurgical deslagging device;

[0031] (3) After the slag removal treatment is completed, the aluminum alloy is cast by standing in a standing furnace for 30 minutes while maintaining the temperature in the standing furnace at 720° C.;

[0032] (4) mixing rare earth powder with a particle size of 5 μm, aluminum powder with a particle size of 5 μm, boron powder with a particle size of 10 μm, and titanium powder with a particle size of 10 μm in a mass ratio of 0.5:50:1:5, wherein the mass ratio of the rare earth powder to lanthanum oxide and yttrium oxide is 1:1, the ball milling speed is 300 rpm, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling time is 3 h to obtain alloy powder;

[0033] (5) The alloy powder was spread on the surface of the aluminum alloy, sintered at 550°C for 10 min, rapidly cooled to room temperature, cold pressed at 40 MPa for 5 min, solution treated at 550°C for 3 h, and then quenched in a water tank at 55°C;

[0034] (6) Place at room temperature for 10 hours, then keep at 200°C for 4 hours, take out of the furnace and air cool to obtain wear-resistant aluminum alloy.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] (1) Pure aluminum, pure iron, aluminum-tungsten alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy, aluminum-nickel alloy, and pure magnesium are heated to 780° C. in a mass ratio of 1.2:0.086:0.74:0.9:0.92:0.18, and kept warm until melted to obtain a melt; the aluminum-tungsten alloy contains 7% tungsten by mass, the aluminum-molybdenum alloy contains 4.6% molybdenum by mass, and the aluminum-nickel alloy contains 12% nickel by mass;

[0037] (2) The molten metal is introduced into a static furnace, and a refining agent is sprayed into the molten metal using argon gas for refining. The amount of the refining agent added is 1.0% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid. The refining agent is industrial salt, calcium oxide, and silicon dioxide in a mass ratio of 17.2:46:12.4. Then, argon gas is used for refining for 30 minutes. After the refining process is completed, the aluminum alloy molten metal is further deslagging using a metallurgical deslagging device;

[0038] (3) After the slag removal treatment is completed, the aluminum alloy is cast by standing in a standing furnace for 30 minutes while maintaining the temperature in the standing furnace at 720° C.;

[0039] (4) mixing rare earth powder with a particle size of 7 μm, aluminum powder with a particle size of 7 μm, boron powder with a particle size of 13 μm, and titanium powder with a particle size of 13 μm in a mass ratio of 2.3:50:2.6:7, and ball milling the mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the rare earth powder to lanthanum oxide and yttrium oxide is 1:1, the ball milling speed is 300 rpm, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling time is 3 h, to obtain alloy powder;

[0040] (5) The alloy powder was spread on the surface of the aluminum alloy, sintered at 550°C for 10 min, rapidly cooled to room temperature, cold pressed at 40 MPa for 5 min, solution treated at 550°C for 4 h, and then quenched in a water tank at 55°C;

[0041] (6) Place at room temperature for 16 hours, then keep at 210°C for 5 hours, take out of the furnace and air cool to obtain wear-resistant aluminum alloy.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] (1) Pure aluminum, pure iron, aluminum-tungsten alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy, aluminum-nickel alloy, and pure magnesium are heated to 785° C. in a mass ratio of 1.3:0.12:0.86:0.95:0.9:0.2, and kept warm until melted to obtain a melt; the aluminum-tungsten alloy contains 8% tungsten by mass, the aluminum-molybdenum alloy contains 6.4% molybdenum by mass, and the aluminum-nickel alloy contains 13% nickel by mass;

[0044] (2) The molten metal is introduced into a static furnace, and a refining agent is sprayed into the molten metal using argon gas for refining. The amount of the refining agent added is 1.0% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid. The refining agent is industrial salt, calcium oxide, and silicon dioxide in a mass ratio of 20.8:50:15.6. Then, argon gas is used for refining for 30 minutes. After the refining process is completed, the aluminum alloy molten metal is further deslagging using a metallurgical deslagging device;

[0045] (3) After the slag removal treatment is completed, the aluminum alloy is cast by standing in a standing furnace for 30 minutes while maintaining the temperature in the standing furnace at 730° C.;

[0046] (4) mixing rare earth powder with a particle size of 9 μm, aluminum powder with a particle size of 9 μm, boron powder with a particle size of 13 μm, and titanium powder with a particle size of 13 μm in a mass ratio of 3.2:50:3.4:8, wherein the mass ratio of the rare earth powder to lanthanum oxide and yttrium oxide is 1:1, the ball milling speed is 400 rpm, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling time is 4 h to obtain alloy powder;

[0047] (5) The alloy powder was spread on the surface of the aluminum alloy, sintered at 550°C for 12 min, rapidly cooled to room temperature, cold pressed at 40 MPa for 5 min, solution treated at 550°C for 5 h, and then quenched in a water tank at 605°C;

[0048] (6) Place at room temperature for 20 hours, then keep at 230°C for 6 hours, take out of the furnace and air cool to obtain wear-resistant aluminum alloy.

[0049] Example 4

[0050] (1) Pure aluminum, pure iron, aluminum-tungsten alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy, aluminum-nickel alloy, and pure magnesium are heated to 790° C. in a mass ratio of 1.4:0.16:0.98:1:1:0.25 and kept warm until melted to obtain a molten metal; the aluminum-tungsten alloy contains 9% tungsten by mass, the aluminum-molybdenum alloy contains 8.2% molybdenum by mass, and the aluminum-nickel alloy contains 14% nickel by mass;

[0051] (2) The molten metal is introduced into a static furnace, and a refining agent is sprayed into the molten metal using argon gas for refining. The amount of the refining agent added is 0.87% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid. The refining agent is industrial salt, calcium oxide, and silicon dioxide in a mass ratio of 21.2:52:20. Then, argon gas is used for refining for 30 minutes. After the refining process is completed, the aluminum alloy molten metal is further deslagging using a metallurgical deslagging device;

[0052] (3) After the slag removal treatment is completed, the aluminum alloy is cast by standing in a standing furnace for 30 minutes while maintaining the temperature in the standing furnace at 730° C.;

[0053] (4) mixing rare earth powder with a particle size of 11 μm, aluminum powder with a particle size of 11 μm, boron powder with a particle size of 14 μm, and titanium powder with a particle size of 14 μm in a mass ratio of 4.1:50:4:9, wherein the mass ratio of the rare earth powder to lanthanum oxide and yttrium oxide is 1:1, the ball milling speed is 400 rpm, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling time is 4 h to obtain alloy powder;

[0054] (5) The alloy powder was spread on the surface of the aluminum alloy, sintered at 550°C for 14 min, rapidly cooled to room temperature, cold pressed at 40 MPa for 5 min, solution treated at 550°C for 5 h, and then quenched in a water tank at 60°C;

[0055] (6) Place at room temperature for 22 hours, then keep at 240°C for 8 hours, take out of the furnace and air cool to obtain wear-resistant aluminum alloy.

[0056] Example 5

[0057] (1) Pure aluminum, pure iron, aluminum-tungsten alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy, aluminum-nickel alloy, and pure magnesium are heated to 790° C. in a mass ratio of 1.5:0.2:1.1:1:1.1:0.3, and kept warm until melted to obtain a molten metal; the aluminum-tungsten alloy contains 10% by mass of tungsten, the aluminum-molybdenum alloy contains 10% by mass of molybdenum, and the aluminum-nickel alloy contains 15% by mass of nickel;

[0058] (2) The molten metal is introduced into a static furnace, and a refining agent is sprayed into the molten metal using argon gas for refining. The amount of the refining agent added is 1.0% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid. The refining agent is industrial salt, calcium oxide, and silicon dioxide in a mass ratio of 28:55:22. Then, argon gas is used for refining for 30 minutes. After the refining process is completed, the aluminum alloy molten metal is further deslagging using a metallurgical deslagging device;

[0059] (3) After the slag removal treatment is completed, the aluminum alloy is cast by standing in a standing furnace for 30 minutes while maintaining the temperature in the standing furnace at 740° C.;

[0060] (4) mixing rare earth powder with a particle size of 12 μm, aluminum powder with a particle size of 12 μm, boron powder with a particle size of 15 μm, and titanium powder with a particle size of 15 μm in a mass ratio of 5:50:5:10, wherein the mass ratio of the rare earth powder to lanthanum oxide and yttrium oxide is 1:1, the ball milling speed is 400 rpm, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling time is 5 h to obtain alloy powder;

[0061] (5) The alloy powder was spread on the surface of the aluminum alloy, sintered at 550°C for 15 min, rapidly cooled to room temperature, cold pressed at 40 MPa for 5 min, solution treated at 550°C for 6 h, and then quenched in a water tank at 65°C;

[0062] (6) Place at room temperature for 24 hours, then keep at 250°C for 10 hours, take out of the furnace and air cool to obtain wear-resistant aluminum alloy.

[0063] Effect example

[0064] Table 1 below shows the performance analysis results of the wear-resistant aluminum alloys of Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention.

[0065] Table 1

[0066] Tensile strength(MPa) Wear amount (mg) Example 1 153 4.9 Example 2 156 4.8 Example 3 158 4.6 Example 4 160 4.7 Example 5 162 4.6

[0067] The invention can prolong the melting and dissolving time by adding the intermediate alloy and the aluminum ingot at the same time, which is beneficial to the dispersion of high melting point elements in the aluminum melt; the invention uses mechanical alloying and rapid sintering to cover the surface of the aluminum alloy with wear-resistant particles, thereby improving the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy and ensuring the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy, and forming a metallurgical bond after subsequent sintering; mechanical alloying can improve the mixing uniformity between the aluminum alloy powder and the wear-resistant particles and the binding energy between the wear-resistant particles and the aluminum powder; after the wear-resistant layer is prepared, the invention can significantly refine the morphology in the alloy through heat treatment and disperse the strengthening phase in the matrix; the aluminum alloy material produced by the invention using the process can be forged into a high-quality aluminum alloy, which not only has high strength but also has good wear resistance, and can save the time for later processing of the aluminum alloy.

[0068] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any marking in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a wear-resistant aluminum alloy, characterized in that: The method comprises the following preparation steps: (1) Pure aluminum, pure iron, aluminum-tungsten alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy, aluminum-nickel alloy, and pure magnesium are kept at 780-790°C until they are melted to obtain a molten liquid; (2) The molten metal is introduced into a static furnace, and a refining agent is sprayed into the molten metal using argon gas for refining. The amount of the refining agent added is 0.1 to 1.0% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid. Then, argon gas is used for refining for 30 minutes. After the refining process is completed, the aluminum alloy molten metal is further deslagging using a metallurgical deslagging device; (3) After the slag removal treatment is completed, the aluminum alloy is cast by standing in a standing furnace for 30 minutes, and the temperature in the standing furnace is maintained at 720-740° C.; (4) mixing rare earth powder, aluminum powder, boron powder and titanium powder in a mass ratio of 0.5 to 5:50:1 to 5:5 to 10 and ball milling to obtain alloy powder; (5) Spread the alloy powder on the surface of the aluminum alloy, sinter at 550°C for 10-15 minutes, quickly cool to room temperature, apply cold pressure at 40 MPa for 5 minutes, solution at 550°C for 3-6 hours, and then quench in a water tank at 55-65°C; (6) Place at room temperature for 10 to 24 hours, then keep at 200 to 250°C for 4 to 10 hours, remove from the furnace and air cool to obtain a wear-resistant aluminum alloy.

2. The method for preparing a wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of pure aluminum, pure iron, aluminum-tungsten alloy, aluminum-molybdenum alloy, aluminum-nickel alloy and pure magnesium in step (1) is 1-1.5: 0.01-0.2: 0.5-1.1: 0.9-1: 0.8-1.1: 0.1-0.

3.

3. The method for preparing a wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The aluminum-tungsten alloy contains 5-10% tungsten by mass, the aluminum-molybdenum alloy contains 1-10% molybdenum by mass, and the aluminum-nickel alloy contains 10-15% nickel by mass.

4. The method for preparing a wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refining agent in step (2) is industrial salt, calcium oxide and silicon dioxide in a mass ratio of 10-28:40-55:6-22.

5. The method for preparing a wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rare earth powder in step (3) is a single rare earth oxide powder or a rare earth alloy powder, or a combination of several of them.

6. The method for preparing a wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding parameters of step (4) are as follows: a ball milling speed of 300-400 rpm, a ball-to-material ratio of 5:1-10:1, and a ball milling time of 3-5 h.

7. The method for preparing a wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rare earth powder in step (4) has a particle size of 5 to 12 μm.

8. The method for preparing a wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aluminum powder in step (4) has a particle size of 5 to 12 μm.

9. The method for preparing a wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The boron powder particle size in step (4) is 10 to 15 μm.

10. The method for preparing a wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the titanium powder in step (4) is 10 to 15 μm.