Design method for optimizing laying mode of photovoltaic module and related product

Abstract

The invention provides a design method for optimizing a photovoltaic module laying mode and a related product. The design method for optimizing the laying mode of the photovoltaic module comprises the steps of obtaining survey data of a to-be-designed area and the surrounding environment of the to-be-designed area; determining shadow arrangement of the to-be-designed area according to the survey data; calculating irradiation dose distribution of the to-be-designed area according to shadow arrangement; dividing a photovoltaic panel laying area from the to-be-designed area according to the irradiation dose distribution; and the arrangement mode of the photovoltaic units in the photovoltaic panel laying area is planned according to the size of the space occupied by the single photovoltaic unit to be laid. According to the arrangement method, the irradiation dose distribution of the to-be-designed area is fully considered, the situation that the photovoltaic module is low in power generation efficiency due to the fact that the obtained solar irradiation dose is insufficient is avoided, and the space of the photovoltaic panel laying area can be fully utilized. The whole design work is completed at a time, the process is efficient, and design cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic design, and in particular to a design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic components. Background Art

[0002] As the world's energy supply shifts from traditional fossil energy to clean energy, the huge demand for efficient and reliable electricity has put forward higher requirements for new energy power generation technology. Fully exploring and utilizing new energy has become an important direction in the global energy field. Solar energy has become an important part of new energy power generation technology.

[0003] Distributed power generation is a traditional centralized power supply method. It is small-scale, dispersed, and arranged near users. It uses scattered solar energy resources nearby and outputs electricity independently or converts it into thermal energy. Distributed power generation is a cleaner form of power generation. It can be installed on the walls, roofs, and roofs of buildings in urban communities, commercial centers, and farmers' homes. It is increasingly widely used because it saves land resources and has good economic benefits.

[0004] Although distributed photovoltaic power generation has obvious advantages and development prospects, due to the complexity of the environment in which photovoltaic equipment is located, photovoltaic arrays will not only be blocked by trees and electric poles, but also by buildings. In the shaded state, photovoltaic panels have low power generation efficiency due to insufficient solar radiation, which will not only increase the cost of photovoltaic power generation but also fail to meet the power needs of users. Therefore, the photovoltaic module construction project in the prior art needs to carry out targeted design of photovoltaic module laying methods based on the results of a large number of field surveys to make full use of the limited space in the area to be designed. However, this design method has a large amount of survey tasks, high repetitiveness of design work, low design efficiency, long design cycle time, and high design cost, which seriously affects the construction progress and promotion of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems. Summary of the invention

[0005] One object of the present invention is to efficiently complete the design work of the laying method of photovoltaic components.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to make full use of the limited space of the area to be designed to avoid insufficient power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic unit due to shadows.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to improve the accuracy and precision of surveying the area to be designed.

[0008] In particular, the present invention provides a design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules. The method comprises:

[0009] Obtain survey data of the area to be designed and its surrounding environment;

[0010] Determine the shadow arrangement of the area to be designed based on the survey data;

[0011] Calculate the radiation distribution of the area to be designed based on the shadow arrangement;

[0012] According to the radiation distribution, the photovoltaic panel laying area is divided from the area to be designed;

[0013] The arrangement of photovoltaic units in the photovoltaic panel laying area is planned according to the size of the space occupied by a single photovoltaic unit to be laid.

[0014] Optionally, the step of obtaining survey data of the area to be designed and its surrounding environment includes:

[0015] Obtain basic information of the area to be designed;

[0016] Control the drone to take photos of the design area and its surrounding environment based on the basic information to obtain survey images;

[0017] The survey images are analyzed to obtain survey data.

[0018] Optionally, the steps of controlling the drone to photograph the design area and its surrounding environment according to the basic information include:

[0019] Control the UAV to conduct initial survey and photography of the design area to obtain the initial image;

[0020] Setting marker points on the initial image, dividing the initial image into objects based on the marker points, so as to at least determine the installation object and surrounding environment objects, and estimate the area and terrain characteristics of the installation object;

[0021] Design an aerial photography plan based on the area and terrain characteristics of the installation object. The aerial photography plan includes the flight parameters and shooting parameters of the drone.

[0022] Controlling the UAV to perform a first survey and photography around the installation object according to the aerial photography plan to obtain a survey image of the installation object;

[0023] Controlling the UAV to perform a second survey and shooting of the surrounding environment objects to obtain a survey image of the surrounding environment objects;

[0024] The survey image of the installation object and the survey image of the surrounding environment objects are spliced ​​to obtain a survey image of the area to be designed and its surrounding environment.

[0025] Optionally, the step of analyzing the survey image to obtain survey data includes:

[0026] Identify the obstructing objects in the surrounding environment that may block sunlight in the design area based on the survey images;

[0027] Generate a three-dimensional model of the area to be designed and the obstruction object according to the survey image;

[0028] The three-dimensional model is analyzed to obtain survey data, which includes: the orientation, height, slope of the area to be designed and the obstruction object, and the relative position relationship between the area to be designed and the obstruction object.

[0029] Optionally, the step of determining the shadow arrangement of the area to be designed according to the survey data includes:

[0030] Divide the area to be designed into grids, and set the side length of each grid unit to be less than half of the minimum side of a single photovoltaic unit to be laid;

[0031] The shadow status of each grid unit at multiple set time points during the sunshine period is calculated according to the survey data, and the shadow arrangement diagram of the design area at multiple set time points is generated.

[0032] Optionally, the step of calculating the radiation distribution of the area to be designed according to the shadow arrangement includes:

[0033] Calculate the average daily and annual radiation amounts of each grid unit according to the shadow arrangement diagram of the area to be designed at multiple set time points;

[0034] Generate a radiation distribution map of the area to be designed according to the average daily radiation and annual radiation of each grid unit.

[0035] Optionally, the step of dividing the photovoltaic panel laying area from the area to be designed according to the radiation distribution includes:

[0036] According to the radiation distribution map of the area to be designed, grid cells whose daily average radiation is greater than the set daily threshold and / or whose annual average radiation is greater than the set annual threshold are selected as grid cells with qualified radiation;

[0037] The area where the grid cells with qualified irradiation amount are located is used as the photovoltaic panel laying area.

[0038] Optionally, the step of calculating the radiation distribution of the area to be designed according to the shadow arrangement includes:

[0039] Obtain the power demand information of the area to be designed;

[0040] Determine the power shortage period based on the power demand information analysis;

[0041] Calculate the average radiation amount of each grid unit during the power shortage period according to the shadow arrangement diagram;

[0042] Generate the radiation distribution map of the area to be designed according to the average radiation of each grid unit, and

[0043] The steps of dividing the photovoltaic panel laying area from the area to be designed according to the irradiation distribution include:

[0044] According to the radiation distribution map of the area to be designed, the grid units whose average radiation amount during the power shortage period is greater than the set average threshold are selected as the grid units with qualified radiation amount;

[0045] The area where the grid cells with qualified irradiation amount are located is used as the photovoltaic panel laying area.

[0046] Optionally, the step of planning the arrangement of photovoltaic units in the photovoltaic panel laying area according to the size of the space occupied by a single photovoltaic unit to be laid includes:

[0047] Calculate the optimal inclination angle of a single photovoltaic unit and the horizontal and vertical unit spacing according to the declination angle and slope of the area to be designed;

[0048] Determine the projection of the space occupied by a single photovoltaic unit to be laid on the area to be designed in a horizontal arrangement state and a vertical arrangement state according to the optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic unit and the horizontal and vertical unit spacings;

[0049] Carry out layout design in the photovoltaic panel laying area and determine the layout method that can arrange the largest number of photovoltaic units.

[0050] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a computer program product, comprising a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the above-mentioned design methods for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic components.

[0051] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which implements any of the steps of the above-mentioned design method for optimizing the laying method of photovoltaic components when the computer program is executed by a processor.

[0052] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement any of the steps of the above-mentioned design method for optimizing the laying method of photovoltaic components.

[0053] The design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules of the present invention determines the shadow arrangement of the area to be designed according to the survey data; calculates the irradiation distribution of the area to be designed according to the shadow arrangement; divides the photovoltaic panel laying area from the area to be designed according to the irradiation distribution; and plans the arrangement mode of the photovoltaic units in the photovoltaic panel laying area according to the size of the space occupied by a single photovoltaic unit to be laid. The final arrangement method fully considers the irradiation distribution of the area to be designed, avoids the situation where the photovoltaic modules have low power generation efficiency due to insufficient solar radiation, and can make full use of the space of the photovoltaic panel laying area. The entire design work is completed at one time, the process is efficient, and the design cost is low.

[0054] Furthermore, the design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules of the present invention uses drones to photograph the design area and its surrounding environment. With the help of the drone's flexibility and low cost, the problems of increased survey difficulty and inaccurate survey data caused by harsh on-site environment are solved, thereby improving planning efficiency and reducing the workload of surveyors.

[0055] Furthermore, the design method for optimizing the laying method of photovoltaic modules of the present invention optimizes the calculation method for determining the shadow arrangement of the area to be designed, and can select the average daily irradiation, the average annual irradiation, and the average irradiation during the electricity shortage period as the basis for generating the irradiation distribution map of the area to be designed according to the needs of the photovoltaic construction project, fully considering the needs of optimizing the laying of photovoltaic modules and improving the flexibility of engineering construction.

[0056] Furthermore, the design method for optimizing the laying method of photovoltaic modules of the present invention calculates the optimal inclination angle of a single photovoltaic unit and the horizontal unit spacing and vertical unit spacing according to the declination angle and slope of the area to be designed, and can accurately determine the space occupied by a single photovoltaic unit to be laid in the horizontal and vertical arrangements, and determine the arrangement method for arranging the largest number of photovoltaic units.

[0057] Based on the following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will become more aware of the above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] Hereinafter, some specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in an exemplary and non-limiting manner with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the accompanying drawings indicate the same or similar components or parts. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the accompanying drawings:

[0059] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a drone survey system in a design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a process for obtaining survey data in a design method for optimizing a photovoltaic module laying method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a process of unmanned photographing of survey images in a design method for optimizing a photovoltaic module laying method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a process of analyzing a survey image in a design method for optimizing a photovoltaic module laying method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a process of determining the shadow arrangement of a to-be-designed area in a design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a process for determining the shadow arrangement of a to-be-designed area in a design method for optimizing a photovoltaic module laying method according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a process for planning a photovoltaic unit arrangement method in a design method for optimizing a photovoltaic module laying method according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of an area to be designed for optimizing the laying method of photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Fig.10 yes Fig. 9 The top view of the model is shown after the 3D model is superimposed with photovoltaic panels;

[0069] Fig.11 is a schematic diagram of a computer program product according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Fig.12 is a schematic diagram of a computer-readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0071] Fig.13 is a schematic block diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments of the present invention, and these embodiments are intended to explain the technical principles of the present invention, rather than to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments provided by the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0073] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention. The design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules may generally include:

[0074] Step S101, obtaining survey data of the area to be designed and its surrounding environment.

[0075] Step S102: determining the shadow arrangement of the area to be designed according to the survey data.

[0076] Step S103, calculating the radiation distribution of the area to be designed according to the shadow arrangement.

[0077] Step S104, dividing the photovoltaic panel laying area from the area to be designed according to the radiation distribution.

[0078] Step S105 , planning the arrangement of photovoltaic units in the photovoltaic panel laying area according to the size of the space occupied by a single photovoltaic unit to be laid.

[0079] The arrangement method obtained by the above method fully considers the distribution of irradiation in the area to be designed, avoids the situation where the photovoltaic components have low power generation efficiency due to insufficient solar irradiation, and can make full use of the space in the photovoltaic panel laying area. The entire design work is completed at one time, the process is efficient, and the design cost is low. The shadow arrangement is obtained by using the survey data of the design area and its surrounding environment, which is adapted to the actual situation of the area to be designed and meets the diverse design requirements of the area to be designed.

[0080] In the method of this embodiment, step S101 of acquiring survey data of the area to be designed and its surrounding environment may be performed by using the survey technology of an unmanned aerial vehicle. Figure 2 The schematic diagram is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a drone survey system in a design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention. The drone survey system may include: a drone 10, a wireless communication device 20, a data processing device 30, and an interactive terminal 40.

[0081] The drone 10 may include: a flight control system, a positioning system, an aerial photography system, and a measurement system. The flight control system is used to adjust the flight attitude (including altitude, speed, and direction) of the drone, and the positioning system is used to obtain the location information of the drone 10, which may use positioning devices such as GPS and Beidou. The aerial photography system is used to photograph the target during flight. In order to realize the functions of the method of this embodiment, the aerial photography system uses a camera with adjustable focal length and shooting parameters that meet the design requirements. The measurement system is used to record the flight process of the drone 10 and collect status data such as flight altitude, flight attitude, and shooting parameters.

[0082] The drone 10 exchanges data with the data processing device 30 through the wireless communication device 20, and transmits its own flight data and the data of the airborne equipment (positioning system, aerial photography system, and measurement system) to the data processing device 30. The data processing device 30 collects and processes the data provided by the drone 10 to complete the flight control of the drone 10. With the characteristics of the drone's flexibility and low cost, it completes the functions that cannot be achieved by traditional manual surveys, greatly improving the processing efficiency.

[0083] The wireless communication device 20 can select a communication method according to actual communication conditions, such as 5G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. The interactive terminal 40 is data-connected to the drone 10 and the data processing device 30, respectively, and can display the interface generated by the drone 10 and the data processing device 30, and serve as an interactive device with survey and design personnel to provide manual instructions to the drone 10 and the data processing device 30, and adjust the operating status and processing results of the drone 10 and the data processing device 30. The interactive terminal 40 may include a personal computer, a smart phone, a tablet computer, or other dedicated electronic client devices with a survey application installed.

[0084] The area to be designed in this embodiment can be the surface of a building (such as a roof, wall, awning), an open exposed surface (slope, ground, water surface), etc. The area to be designed can be a part of a building or open space in an office park, industrial park, village, or residential area. By laying photovoltaic modules in these areas to be designed, a distributed photovoltaic power generation system can be formed to reduce the consumption of power grid electricity and achieve economic benefits.

[0085] Figure 3 1 is a flow chart of obtaining survey data in a design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention. The step of obtaining survey data of the area to be designed and its surrounding environment may include:

[0086] Step S301, obtain basic information of the area to be designed. The basic information may include: location information, terrain information. The location information includes the geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) of the area to be built, the address of the administrative area (administrative divisions, road house numbers), the distance to surrounding markers, etc. The terrain information includes the altitude, slope and slope direction (the degree and direction of the inclination of the ground) of the area to be built, the type of foundation layout (roof, wall, ground, other supports), landform type, and basic structure information (foundation surface flatness, foundation surface covering type).

[0087] The step of obtaining the position information and terrain information may include: reading the position information and terrain information from the position of the area to be built selected from the preset map. The map may be a digital map, which is obtained by digitally processing geographic information using computer technology, and in addition to graphics, may also include relevant data such as terrain data, vector data, and description information. In actual application, the method of this embodiment may determine the position of the area to be built on the digital map through the selection operation of the surveyor on the map or according to the input selection information, and read the corresponding position information and terrain information. The position information and terrain information are used as positioning information for surveying on the one hand, and can also be used as basic data for surveying on the other hand.

[0088] Step S302: Control the drone to take photos of the area to be designed and its surroundings according to the basic information to obtain a survey image. The survey image can be multiple images at different angles, reflecting the situation of the area to be designed and its surroundings at different angles.

[0089] Step S303: Analyze the survey image to obtain survey data.

[0090] The above survey process uses drones to take pictures of the area to be built and obtain survey images. With the help of the drone's flexibility and low cost, the field survey results can be obtained quickly and efficiently. Further, survey data is obtained based on the survey images. The survey process is fast and efficient, which reduces the workload of survey personnel and solves the problems of increased survey difficulty and inaccurate survey data caused by the harsh on-site environment.

[0091] Figure 4 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a process of unmanned shooting of survey images in a design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention. The steps of controlling the drone to shoot the design area and its surrounding environment according to the basic information may include:

[0092] Step S401, control the drone to perform initial survey and photography of the area to be designed to obtain an initial image. The initial survey and photography can be performed using the drone's default cruise mode, for example, the drone photographs the area to be constructed at a certain height in a preset scanning photography mode (such as reciprocating along a straight line). The initial image obtained is used to gain a general understanding of the area to be constructed.

[0093] Step S402, set marker points for the initial image, and divide the initial image into objects based on the marker points to at least determine the installation object and the surrounding environment objects, and estimate the regional area and terrain characteristics of the installation object. The marker points can be obtained by analyzing the initial image, for example, by finding obvious marker points using pixel threshold segmentation, edge detection, regional growth clustering, machine learning model classification, etc. The marker points may include points such as demarcation points, edge points, feature intensity change points, cluster centers or representative points. In addition to the installation objects (installation roofs, installation walls, idle ground, etc.), the objects obtained by object division may also include the basic objects of the installation objects (installed building objects, walls, supports, etc.). The estimated regional area and terrain characteristics of the installation object are used for the formulation of the aerial photography plan, not the final survey results.

[0094] Step S403, design an aerial photography plan according to the area and terrain characteristics of the installation object. The aerial photography plan includes the flight parameters and shooting parameters of the drone. The flight parameters may include calculating the navigation altitude, speed, route length, flight time and other data. To ensure the accuracy of the measurement, the same target position can be photographed from at least three directions. The aerial photography plan requires that the captured images have a certain degree of overlap to facilitate subsequent stitching. The aerial photography plan can shoot in multiple directions and at multiple heights for the installation object.

[0095] Step S404, control the drone to perform a first survey and shooting around the installation object according to the aerial photography plan to obtain a survey image of the installation object. The survey image of the installation object may include images taken from multiple directions and multiple heights from multiple shooting points. The shooting points can be arranged in an open, unobstructed location with a large shooting range. After the first survey and shooting is completed, the shooting quality of the survey image (such as clarity, overlap, occlusion status, etc.) can be checked. If an image that does not meet the requirements appears, repeat the shooting.

[0096] Step S405, control the drone to perform a second survey and photography of the surrounding environment objects to obtain a survey image of the surrounding environment objects. The second survey and photography photographs the periphery of the installation object to obtain an image reflecting the overall state of the area to be built.

[0097] Step S406, stitching the survey image of the installation object and the survey image of the surrounding environment object to obtain the survey image of the area to be designed and its surrounding environment. An optional survey image stitching method includes: performing angle matching on the survey image of the installation object and the survey image of the surrounding environment object to find multiple pairs of matching images; performing grayscale histogram equalization processing and geometric distortion elimination on the multiple pairs of matching images to obtain multiple groups of images to be stitched; extracting feature information from the multiple groups of images to be stitched, stitching and fusing the images according to the feature information, and obtaining multi-angle survey images of the area to be built.

[0098] Angle matching can be done by searching for images with similar shooting directions and shooting ranges through the flight records of drones. The matching images found have similar angles, which can reduce the image calculations (including image translation, scaling, and twisting) in the stitching process and improve processing efficiency. Grayscale histogram equalization and geometric distortion elimination can eliminate the problems caused by geometric distortion and color brightness differences in image processing.

[0099] Feature information is extracted from multiple groups of images to be spliced, and an image transformation model can be established based on the matched features, and finally transformation mapping is performed. The transformation mapping of the method of this embodiment first uses point, line and angle features to estimate the homography matrix of the global transformation, and pre-aligns the spliced ​​images; then the image is gridded, and the grid deformation is constrained by the energy function to achieve grid refinement alignment. Since the shooting angle is matched in advance, the complexity of the image transformation model can be reduced. The image alignment process can use a feature-based image registration method. Alignment is performed by adding feature line segments and feature points of the shooting angle, which greatly reduces the amount of calculation. For example, the scale-invariant feature transformation algorithm (ScaleInvariant Feature Transform, referred to as SIFT) can be used to determine the feature points of the image and the angle information of the feature points; for example, the line segment detector (LSD) can be used to extract the straight line characteristics of the image.

[0100] Image stitching and fusion are performed based on feature information to convert each pixel of the transformed image into the same image, and then the image fusion method is used to perform pixel fusion on the transition area of ​​the stitched image to optimize the image stitching quality.

[0101] The survey images of the area to be built obtained in the above steps reflect the characteristics of the installation object and the surrounding environment objects from different angles. Compared with the prior art in which surveyors manually set marker points and aerial photography points for the area to be built, the method of this embodiment uses three aerial photography to complete the entire survey task, designs the aerial photography plan with the help of the initial images obtained by the initial survey, and automatically completes the aerial photography task, which has a higher accuracy rate and reduces the dependence on the operation of the surveyors.

[0102] Figure 5 1 is a flow chart of analyzing a survey image in a design method for optimizing a photovoltaic module laying method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The step of analyzing the survey image to obtain survey data may include:

[0103] Step S501, based on the survey image, identify the obstructing objects in the surrounding environment that may block sunlight in the design area. The obstructing objects may include trees, buildings, mountains or other objects with a certain height that may block sunlight at certain times of the day and affect the light received by the photovoltaic panels.

[0104] Step S502: Generate a three-dimensional model of the area to be designed and the obstruction object according to the survey image.

[0105] The process of generating a three-dimensional model may include: discretizing the survey image using set grid points to generate point cloud data of the area to be built. One discretization method is: discretizing using three-dimensional space grid points, and then sampling a point in each grid point. Each small grid contains several points, and the point closest to the center point of the grid is taken as a discrete sampling point. The surface is constructed using point cloud data to obtain a surface model; the data taken by the drone can be processed to obtain sufficient point cloud data. The surface model in the form of a point cloud can be obtained through surface construction. Object recognition is performed on the survey image to determine the object boundary. The results of object recognition include: installation objects (installation roofs, installation walls, idle ground, etc.), basic objects of installation objects (installed building objects, walls, supports, etc.), obstruction objects, etc. The object boundary is compared with the surface model, and the surface model is segmented. The surface models after contour segmentation are visualized to obtain a three-dimensional model. A visualization processing process may include: performing object entity processing on the surface model after contour segmentation to obtain contour surfaces of multiple objects; collecting color and pattern features of multiple objects in the survey image; performing appearance processing on the contour surfaces of multiple objects according to the color and pattern features to obtain three-dimensional models of the area to be designed and the obstruction object.

[0106] The final three-dimensional model of the area to be designed and the obstruction object can help the owner of the photovoltaic system to intuitively understand the situation of the area to be built. After obtaining the three-dimensional model of the area to be built, it also includes: performing data statistics on the three-dimensional model to obtain data information of the three-dimensional model; assigning attribute information to multiple objects in the three-dimensional model. The data information of the three-dimensional model includes: coordinates, elevation data, area, length, height, slope, direction, etc., which can be read from the three-dimensional model. Object attribute information includes: project name, object type, etc.

[0107] The three-dimensional model is analyzed to obtain survey data, which may include the orientation, height, slope of the area to be designed and the obstruction object, and the relative position relationship between the area to be designed and the obstruction object.

[0108] As the sun moves, the shadows caused by the same obstructing object also change. If photovoltaic panels are installed and deployed in a location with sufficient lighting conditions, higher photovoltaic output power can be obtained in theory. If photovoltaic installation is performed only considering the solar irradiation conditions in the instantaneous state, it cannot reflect the solar irradiation conditions obtained by the photovoltaic components throughout the year. Based on this problem, the method of this embodiment also improves the process of determining the shadow arrangement of the area to be designed.

[0109] Figure 6 The present invention is a flowchart of determining the shadow arrangement of the area to be designed in the design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention. The step of determining the shadow arrangement of the area to be designed according to the survey data may include:

[0110] Step S601, the area to be designed is divided into grids, and the side length of each grid unit is set to be less than half of the minimum side of a single photovoltaic unit to be laid. The photovoltaic unit can be a rectangle, and the side length of the grid unit can be less than half of the length of its short side, which can ensure that the analysis of shadow arrangement is more detailed and fully meet the laying requirements of the photovoltaic unit. In addition, considering the amount of calculation and actual design requirements, the side length of each grid unit can be set to be greater than one-fourth of the minimum side of a single photovoltaic unit to be laid. For example, the side length of the grid unit can be less than one-fourth or one-third of the length of its short side.

[0111] Step S602, according to the survey data, the shadow state of each grid unit at multiple set time points during the sunshine period is calculated respectively, and the shadow arrangement diagram of the area to be designed at multiple set time points is generated. The area to be designed is divided into small grid units with a certain accuracy. When the accuracy of the grid unit is high enough, the shadow state of the center position of the grid unit can be used to replace the shadow state of the entire grid unit (correspondingly, the irradiation amount at the center position of the grid unit can replace the irradiation at the entire grid). A process for calculating the shadow state can be: using the survey data to measure the shadows of multiple set time points on a specific date in a year. The solar altitude angle will change according to the local time and the declination of the sun, and the solar altitude angle of the sun is different for the same place at different times of the day. Since the specific value of the solar declination angle at any time in the annual motion is strictly known, the shadow state of the whole year can be inferred by using the shadow state of several set time points on a specific date. For example, the above-mentioned specific date can generally use the winter solstice, and the angle of sunlight incident on this date (i.e., the solar altitude angle) is the minimum value of the whole year. The obtained shadow arrangement diagram shows the shadow situation at the corresponding time point. When setting the time point, you can select several characteristic moments of sunlight conditions, such as 9 am, 1 pm, and 4 pm.

[0112] The steps of calculating the radiation distribution of the area to be designed according to the shadow arrangement may include:

[0113] Step S603, calculate the daily average radiation and annual average radiation of each grid unit according to the shadow arrangement diagram of the design area at multiple set time points. The daily average radiation refers to the solar radiation energy received per unit area every day, usually in MJ / m 2 / day (megajoules per square meter per day). This value is affected by factors such as geographical location, season, weather conditions and surrounding environment. According to the shadow arrangement diagrams at multiple set time points and the average daily irradiation of the location of the designed area in an unobstructed state, the average daily irradiation of each grid unit can be calculated. For example, the average daily irradiation in an unobstructed state is subtracted from the reduced irradiation due to the shadow. After obtaining the average daily irradiation, the annual average irradiation can be further calculated with the help of the average daily irradiation.

[0114] Step S604: Generate a radiation distribution map of the area to be designed according to the daily average radiation and the annual average radiation of each grid unit. The radiation distribution map can be distinguished according to the set numerical levels of the daily average radiation and the annual average radiation.

[0115] Correspondingly, the step of dividing the photovoltaic panel laying area from the area to be designed according to the radiation distribution may include: selecting grid units whose average daily radiation is greater than the set daily threshold and / or whose average annual radiation is greater than the set annual threshold according to the radiation distribution map of the area to be designed, as grid units with qualified radiation; and using the area where the grid units with qualified radiation are located as the photovoltaic panel laying area.

[0116] Figure 7 1 is a flow chart of determining the shadow arrangement of the area to be designed in the design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules according to another embodiment of the present invention. As an alternative embodiment, the step of calculating the irradiation distribution of the area to be designed according to the shadow arrangement may also include:

[0117] Step 701, obtain the power demand information of the area to be designed. The power demand information can be obtained by statistics based on the historical data of the power load of the area to be designed. The power demand information may include: power consumption of the power grid in each time period (the difference between the load and the power generation of its own distributed power grid), electricity charges, load size, peak period of electricity price, etc.

[0118] Step 702: determine the power gap period based on the power demand information analysis. The power gap period can be a period when the power consumption of the power grid exceeds a preset power consumption threshold, or a period when the electricity fee exceeds a set electricity fee threshold. The power gap period can be identified as the period when the demand for photovoltaic power generation is the highest.

[0119] Step 703, calculating the average radiation amount of each grid unit during the power shortage period according to the shadow arrangement diagram.

[0120] Step 704: Generate a radiation exposure distribution map of the area to be designed according to the average radiation exposure of each grid unit.

[0121] This alternative embodiment is particularly suitable for photovoltaic systems that do not respond to the configuration of energy storage systems (that is, when the electricity generated by photovoltaic power needs to be consumed immediately). By focusing on the period of power shortage, the user's power demand can be better met, and photovoltaic power can be provided during the period when power is most needed. Compared with the average daily irradiation and the average annual irradiation, the irradiation distribution map of the area to be designed generated by the average irradiation during the power shortage period can more flexibly meet the user's special power needs.

[0122] Accordingly, the step of dividing the photovoltaic panel laying area from the area to be designed according to the irradiance distribution may include: selecting the grid units whose average irradiance during the power gap period is greater than the set average threshold value according to the irradiance distribution diagram of the area to be designed as the grid units with qualified irradiance; and taking the area where the grid units with qualified irradiance are located as the photovoltaic panel laying area. For example, the power gap period determined according to the analysis of the power demand information is between 2 pm and 5 pm, and if the morning to noon period in the area to be designed is blocked by shadows, and the average irradiance in the afternoon can meet the requirements, that is, the grid units whose average irradiance between 2 pm and 5 pm is greater than the set average threshold value are also regarded as grid units with qualified irradiance. In this way, the power generation requirements during specific power gap periods can be better met.

[0123] Figure 8 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a process for planning the arrangement of photovoltaic units in a design method for optimizing the laying of photovoltaic modules according to another embodiment of the present invention. The step of planning the arrangement of photovoltaic units in the photovoltaic panel laying area according to the size of the space occupied by a single photovoltaic unit to be laid may include:

[0124] Step S801, calculate the optimal inclination angle of a single photovoltaic unit and the horizontal unit spacing and vertical unit spacing according to the declination angle and slope of the area to be designed. When laying photovoltaic modules with fixed inclination angles, the design method for optimizing the laying method of photovoltaic modules of this embodiment can give priority to ensuring that the photovoltaic units with the optimal inclination angle can obtain the most total solar radiation. According to the solar radiation data, the solar radiation of different inclined surfaces can be calculated according to the solar altitude angle (corresponding to the declination angle), and the optimal inclination angle is determined based on the maximum total solar radiation received per unit area at different inclination angles. Under the optimal inclination state, the spacing between photovoltaic units in the horizontal state and the spacing between photovoltaic units in the vertical state without blocking each other can be calculated to obtain the horizontal unit spacing and the vertical unit spacing. Those skilled in the art can calculate the horizontal unit spacing and the vertical unit spacing through geometric calculations using the above-mentioned slope and optimal inclination angle.

[0125] Step S802, based on the optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic unit and the horizontal and vertical unit spacings, the projection of the space occupied by a single photovoltaic unit to be laid in the horizontal and vertical arrangement states on the area to be designed is determined. The projection reflects the area of ​​the area to be designed occupied by the photovoltaic unit.

[0126] Step S803, performing layout design in the photovoltaic panel laying area to determine the layout method for arranging the largest number of photovoltaic units.

[0127] Fig. 9It is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of an area to be designed for optimizing the laying method of photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention. The roof part in the three-dimensional model serves as the area to be designed, and the walls and the ground below the roof of the three-dimensional model serve as the basic objects of the installation object. Fig.10 yes Fig. 9 The top view of the model is shown after the 3D model is superimposed with photovoltaic panels. Fig.10 The projection 910 of the middle vertical row of photovoltaic units and the projection 920 of the horizontal row of photovoltaic units can fully utilize the area to be designed except the shielding area 930 (the area outside the area covered by the grid units with qualified irradiation), thereby achieving the technical purpose of fully utilizing the area to be designed.

[0128] This embodiment also provides a computer program product 112 , a computer readable storage medium 113 , and a computer device 114 . Fig.11 is a schematic diagram of a computer program product 112 according to one embodiment of the present invention, Fig.12 is a schematic diagram of a computer-readable storage medium 113 according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig.13 is a schematic block diagram of a computer device 114 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0129] The computer program product 112 includes a computer program 111, which implements the steps of any of the above-mentioned methods for optimizing the laying of photovoltaic components when the computer program 111 is executed by the processor 310. The computer readable storage medium 113 stores the above-mentioned computer program 111, which implements the steps of any of the above-mentioned methods for optimizing the laying of photovoltaic components when the computer program 111 is executed by the processor 310. The computer device 114 may include a memory 320, a processor 310, and a computer program 111 stored in the memory 320 and running on the processor 310.

[0130] The computer program 111 used to perform the operations of the present invention can be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-related instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state setting data, configuration data of an integrated circuit, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages ​​and procedural programming languages.

[0131] The computer program 111 may be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a separate software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In the latter case, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, in order to perform various aspects of the present invention, electronic circuits including, for example, programmable logic circuits, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or programmable logic arrays (PLAs) may execute computer-readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer-readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuits.

[0132] In the description of this embodiment, the computer program product 112 is a related product including the computer program 111 .

[0133] For the purposes of the description of this embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium 113 is a tangible device capable of retaining and storing the computer program 111, which may be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transmit the program 111 for use with or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device or apparatus. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable storage medium 113 include the following: a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanical encoding device, and any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0134] At this point, those skilled in the art should recognize that, although multiple exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications that conform to the principles of the present invention can still be directly determined or derived based on the content disclosed in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be understood and recognized as covering all these other variations or modifications.

Claims

1. A design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules, characterized in that include: Obtain survey data of the area to be designed and its surrounding environment; Determine the shadow arrangement of the area to be designed according to the survey data; Calculating the radiation distribution of the area to be designed according to the shadow arrangement; Dividing a photovoltaic panel laying area from the area to be designed according to the irradiance distribution; The arrangement of the photovoltaic units in the photovoltaic panel laying area is planned according to the size of the space occupied by a single photovoltaic unit to be laid.

2. The design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1 is characterized in that The step of obtaining survey data of the area to be designed and its surrounding environment comprises: Obtaining basic information of the area to be designed; Controlling the drone to photograph the area to be designed and its surrounding environment according to the basic information to obtain a survey image; The survey image is analyzed to obtain the survey data.

3. The design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules according to claim 2 is characterized in that The step of controlling the drone to photograph the area to be designed and its surrounding environment according to the basic information comprises: Controlling the UAV to perform initial survey and photography of the area to be designed to obtain an initial image; Setting marker points on the initial image, and dividing the initial image into objects based on the marker points to at least determine the installation object and surrounding environment objects, and estimating the area and terrain characteristics of the installation object; Designing an aerial photography plan according to the area and terrain characteristics of the installation object, wherein the aerial photography plan includes flight parameters and shooting parameters of the drone; Controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to perform a first survey and photography around the installation object according to the aerial photography plan to obtain a survey image of the installation object; Controlling the UAV to perform a second survey and photography of the surrounding environment object to obtain a survey image of the surrounding environment object; The survey image of the installation object and the survey image of the surrounding environment object are spliced ​​to obtain a survey image of the area to be designed and its surrounding environment.

4. The design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of analyzing the survey image to obtain the survey data comprises: Identify, according to the survey image, an obstructing object in the surrounding environment that has a sunlight-blocking effect on the area to be designed; Generate a three-dimensional model of the area to be designed and the obstruction object according to the survey image; The three-dimensional model is subjected to data analysis to obtain survey data, wherein the survey data includes: the orientation, height, slope of the area to be designed and the obstruction object, and the relative position relationship between the area to be designed and the obstruction object.

5. The design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of determining the shadow arrangement of the area to be designed according to the survey data comprises: Dividing the area to be designed into grids, wherein the side length of each grid unit is set to be less than half of the minimum side of the single photovoltaic unit to be laid; The shadow states of each grid unit at multiple set time points during the sunshine period are calculated according to the survey data, and a shadow arrangement diagram of the area to be designed at the multiple set time points is generated.

6. The design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step of calculating the radiation distribution of the area to be designed according to the shadow arrangement comprises: Calculate the average daily radiation amount and the average annual radiation amount of each grid unit according to the shadow arrangement diagram of the area to be designed at the multiple set time points; A radiation distribution map of the area to be designed is generated according to the average daily radiation and the average annual radiation of each grid unit.

7. The design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of dividing the photovoltaic panel laying area from the area to be designed according to the radiation distribution includes: According to the radiation distribution map of the area to be designed, the grid cells whose daily average radiation amount is greater than the set daily threshold value and / or whose annual average radiation amount is greater than the set annual threshold value are selected as grid cells with qualified radiation amount; The area where the grid cells with qualified radiation amount are located is used as the photovoltaic panel laying area.

8. The design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of calculating the radiation distribution of the area to be designed according to the shadow arrangement comprises: Acquiring power demand information of the area to be designed; Analyze and determine the power shortage period according to the power demand information; Calculate the average radiation amount of each grid unit during the power shortage period according to the shadow arrangement diagram; Generating a radiation exposure distribution diagram of the area to be designed according to the average radiation exposure of each grid unit, and The step of dividing the photovoltaic panel laying area from the area to be designed according to the radiation distribution includes: According to the radiation distribution diagram of the area to be designed, the grid unit whose average radiation amount during the power shortage period is greater than the set average threshold is selected as the grid unit with qualified radiation amount; The area where the grid cells with qualified radiation amount are located is used as the photovoltaic panel laying area.

9. The design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of planning the arrangement of the photovoltaic units in the photovoltaic panel laying area according to the size of the space occupied by a single photovoltaic unit to be laid includes: Calculate the optimal inclination angle of a single photovoltaic unit and the horizontal and vertical unit spacings according to the declination angle and slope of the area to be designed; Determine the projection of the space occupied by the single photovoltaic unit to be laid on the area to be designed in the horizontal arrangement state and the vertical arrangement state according to the optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic unit and the horizontal unit spacing and the vertical unit spacing; The photovoltaic panel layout design is carried out in the photovoltaic panel laying area to determine the layout method for arranging the largest number of photovoltaic units.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic components described in any one of claims 1 to 9 are implemented.

11. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the design method for optimizing the laying method of photovoltaic components described in any one of claims 1 to 9 are implemented.

12. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that: The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the design method for optimizing the laying mode of photovoltaic components according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images