Planting method for wide-width intercropping of pennisetum purpureum and lacroton beans
Through the wide intercropping of elephant grass and rabad, the soil bonding and nutritional imbalance caused by the separate planting of elephant grass and rabad are solved, the yield and quality of grass products are improved, and the mechanized planting and harvesting efficiency is improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411665318.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-14
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
Separate planting of elephant and rabaton results in soil bonding, affecting microbial community structure, reducing yield and quality, and silage alone leads to nutritional imbalance.
The planting method of wide-scale intercropping of Elephant Grass and Labadon is adopted. By adjusting the planting ratio and technical steps, including land treatment, planting ratio design, mechanized planting and harvesting, field management and harvesting, we will improve the efficiency of mechanized planting and harvesting, improve the continuous cropping effect, and develop mixed storage of bean wheat.
It improves the stability of soil microbial communities, improves the yield and quality of grass products, reduces planting costs, solves the nutritional imbalance of elephant grass and rabaton alone, and improves harvesting efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN119605567A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of forage plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a wide-area intercropping planting method of elephant grass and laba beans. Background Art
[0002] Elephant grass is the most widely planted and used grass in Guangxi and even in southern my country. It can be used for many years after planting once. The planting cost is low and the annual fresh grass yield is as high as However, due to its high output, excessive fertilizer application and continuous cropping for many years, the soil becomes sticky, affecting the structure of the microbial community in the soil, resulting in a reduction in soil fertility, an increase in pests and diseases, and the growth of weeds, which reduces the yield of elephant grass and deteriorates its quality, leading to an increase in animal breeding costs. Labrador is a vine plant and a leguminous forage grass that is widely planted in southern my country. It has large leaves and a crude protein content of 100%. It grows vigorously in summer and autumn, and the growth period can be as long as nearly 300 days.
[0003] In the current planting method, elephant grass is mainly planted alone, and laba beans are planted alone or intercropped with annual plants such as corn, sorghum, and triticale. Among them, the disadvantages of elephant grass and mulberry intercropping technology are small row spacing, slow growth of mulberry trees, and low efficiency; the disadvantage of elephant grass intercropping alfalfa / ryegrass technology is that alfalfa / ryegrass is difficult to survive the summer in southern regions, the utilization period is short, and the cost is high. The disadvantage of intercropping corn and laba beans is that each planting can only be harvested once, and the planting cost is high. The disadvantage of the single-cropping technology of elephant grass and laba beans is that continuous cropping can easily lead to soil adhesion, resulting in reduced soil fertility, increased plant diseases and insect pests, weed growth, and low forage quality.
[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a wide intercropping method for elephant grass and laba beans. Wide intercropping is more conducive to mechanized planting and harvesting. At the same time, intercropping of elephant grass and laba beans can also improve the continuous cropping effect of plants, enhance the stability of soil microbial communities, improve the efficiency of land resource utilization, and increase the yield and quality of grass products. In addition, the development of mixed storage of beans and grass through the intercropping of elephant grass and laba beans can also solve the problem of unbalanced nutrition of elephant grass and laba beans when they are silaged separately. Summary of the invention
[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a planting method of elephant grass and laba beans in wide intercropping, which is more conducive to mechanized planting and harvesting. At the same time, the intercropping of elephant grass and laba beans can also improve the continuous cropping effect of plants, enhance the stability of soil microbial communities and improve the efficiency of land resource utilization, and improve the yield and quality of grass products. In addition, by developing mixed storage of beans and grasses through the intercropping of elephant grass / laba beans, the problem of unbalanced nutrition of elephant grass and laba beans ensilage alone can also be solved.
[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a planting method of elephant grass and labrador bean wide intercropping, comprising the following steps:
[0007] Step 1: Land treatment: spray the planting land with acetochlor to remove weeds, then apply decomposed manure or compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, then plow and level the land and perform rotary tillage;
[0008] Step 2, planting ratio: according to the planting machinery and mixed storage ratio, the planting width ratio of elephant grass and laba beans is designed to be 4 rows: 4 rows or 8 rows: 4 rows;
[0009] Step 3, elephant grass planting: during the planting time, select a suitable temperature, and plant the selected elephant grass seed stems in a wide and narrow row manner using a planting machine according to the elephant grass-laba bean planting width ratio, with a narrow row spacing of 10-15 cm and a wide row spacing of 1-1.2 m;
[0010] Step 4, planting of Laba beans: during the planting time, select a suitable temperature, and according to the planting width ratio of elephant grass to Laba beans, the selected Laba bean seeds are mixed with rhizobia and sown with a seeder at a fixed distance, planted between ridges, 2 seeds per hole, sowing depth of 3-4 cm, planting row spacing of 60-80 cm, and plant spacing of 23-30 cm; elephant grass-Laba beans-elephant grass-Laba beans, planted in a cycle;
[0011] Step 5: Field management: Apply pesticides according to the pest situation during the branching period of Labrador beans; and apply corresponding compound fertilizer topdressing;
[0012] Step six, harvesting and utilization: When the elephant grass plant height is 1.5-2.0m, it is mowed and utilized by a harvesting device, leaving a stubble of 15-20cm. The elephant grass and laba beans are harvested together and directly fed as fresh grass, dried into green hay, or prepared as silage according to the purpose of use.
[0013] Furthermore, in step 1, the amount of fertilizer applied of the decomposed manure is 22500-37500 kg / hm 2 The application rate of compound fertilizer is 450-750kg / hm 2 .
[0014] Furthermore, in step three and step four, the planting time is from March to June.
[0015] Furthermore, in steps three and four, the air temperature is 15°C-20°C.
[0016] Furthermore, in the step three, the elephant grass seed stem variety is the Guiminyin elephant grass variety, and the middle and lower stems of mature plants that are thick and disease-free with full buds and are over 6 months old are selected as seed stems.
[0017] Furthermore, in step 4, the Laba bean variety is the Rungao variety.
[0018] Furthermore, in step five, the time for topdressing is 28-35 days after planting and after each mowing.
[0019] Further, in step 5, the amount of compound fertilizer applied is 150 kg / hm2. 2 .
[0020] Further, in step six, the harvesting device includes a vehicle body and a controller, a plurality of harvesting components for harvesting elephant grass and laba beans are provided at the front end of the vehicle body, storage boxes are provided on both sides of the vehicle body, adsorption components for adsorbing and collecting harvested elephant grass and laba beans are provided on the top of the storage boxes, and the adsorption components and harvesting components are electrically connected to the controller; the adsorption components include a negative pressure machine and an adsorption channel, the negative pressure machine is electrically connected to the controller, one end of the adsorption channel is connected to the input end of the negative pressure machine, and the other end of the adsorption channel is connected to the harvesting component, and the connection point is a detachable connection.
[0021] Furthermore, the harvesting components all include a number of hydraulic components arranged at the front section of the vehicle body, and the hydraulic components all include a hydraulic press and a hydraulic lifting platform. The hydraulic press is electrically connected to the controller, and the output shaft of the hydraulic press is fixedly connected to the hydraulic lifting platform. The hydraulic lifting platform can be detachably connected with a protective cover, and a forked plate for combing elephant grass or laba beans is provided inside the protective cover. A power box is provided outside the protective cover, and a motor is fixedly connected inside the power box. The output shaft of the motor is coaxially fixedly connected to a first turntable, and a cutting chain is ringed on the first turntable. The protective cover is rotatably connected to a second turntable away from the motor, and the cutting chain is ringed on the second turntable. The first turntable and the second turntable are matched through the cutting chain transmission, and the controller is electrically connected to the motor; the adsorption channel is connected to the internal cavity of the protective cover.
[0022] The following beneficial effects are achieved by adopting the above scheme: (1) Compared with some problems existing in the existing technologies (elephant grass-mulberry tree intercropping technology, elephant grass intercropping alfalfa / ryegrass technology, corn and laba bean intercropping technology, and elephant grass and laba bean single-cropping technology) (shortcomings such as small row spacing, slow growth, low efficiency and high cost), this scheme, through intercropping of elephant grass and laba bean and adjusting the wide intercropping ratio between the two, is more conducive to mechanized planting and harvesting. At the same time, after a single planting, it can be harvested and utilized continuously for many times, and when the growth of laba bean is insufficient, it can be replanted separately, with a long utilization time and low planting cost. At the same time, intercropping of elephant grass and laba bean can also improve the continuous cropping effect of plants, enhance the stability of soil microbial communities and improve the efficiency of land resource utilization, and improve the yield and quality of grass products.
[0023] (2) This plan utilizes the intercropping method of elephant grass and laba beans to develop mixed storage of beans and grass, thereby reducing the possibility of nutritional imbalance caused by separate silage of elephant grass and laba beans.
[0024] (3) Compared with the prior art (harvesting at the same height), in this solution, several harvesting components are arranged at the front end of the vehicle body, which can harvest elephant grass and laba beans at the same time, thereby improving the harvesting efficiency. The storage box is arranged so that the harvested crops can be directly stored, thus avoiding the problem of crop scattering and loss. The adsorption component effectively adsorbs and collects the harvested elephant grass and laba beans into the storage box through the negative pressure machine and the adsorption channel, further improving the collection efficiency. The bifurcated plate arranged inside the protective cover can guide the crops into the cutting area, while preventing the cutting chain from directly contacting the ground or other hard objects, thereby extending the service life of the cutting chain. The motor fixedly connected inside the power box drives the cutting chain to rotate through the first turntable and the second turntable, thereby achieving effective cutting of the crops. In addition, the design of the hydraulic component can adjust the height of the hydraulic lifting platform according to the different harvesting heights of elephant grass and laba beans, thereby quickly adjusting the relative height of the protective cover, and then adjusting the height of the harvesting chain therein, thereby ensuring the stubble height of the elephant grass to reduce the impact on subsequent harvesting and utilization, and can complete the simultaneous harvesting and utilization of elephant grass and laba beans.
[0025] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the process of planting elephant grass and labrador bean in wide intercropping in this embodiment;
[0027] Figure 2 It is an axonometric diagram of a harvesting device in the wide-width intercropping method of elephant grass and labrador beans in this embodiment;
[0028] Figure 3 It is a front cross-sectional view of the power box in the wide intercropping method of elephant grass and laba beans in this embodiment.
[0029] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: 1. vehicle body; 2. protective cover; 3. power box; 4. adsorption channel; 5. negative pressure machine; 6. storage box; 7. motor; 8. cutting chain; 9. first turntable; 10. fork plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0033] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:
[0034] Example:
[0035] A method for planting elephant grass and laba beans in a wide intercropping range comprises the following steps:
[0036] Step 1: Land treatment: spray acetochlor on the planting land to remove weeds, then apply decomposed manure or compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, plow and level the land, and perform rotary tillage. The amount of decomposed manure applied is 22,500-37,500 kg / hm2. 2 The application rate of compound fertilizer is 450-750kg / hm 2 .
[0037] Step 2: Planting ratio. According to the planting machinery and mixed storage ratio, the planting width ratio of elephant grass and laba beans is designed to be 4 rows: 4 rows or 8 rows: 4 rows.
[0038] Step three, elephant grass planting, in March-June, select an average daily temperature of 15°C, and plant the selected elephant grass seed stems in wide and narrow rows using a planting machine according to the elephant grass-laba bean planting width ratio, with a narrow row spacing of 10-15cm and a wide row spacing of 1-1.2m; the elephant grass seed stem variety is the Guiminyin elephant grass variety, and the middle and lower stems of mature plants that are thick, disease-free, and have full buds and are over 6 months old are selected as seed stems.
[0039] Step 4, planting of Laba beans. During the planting time, choose a suitable temperature. According to the planting width ratio of elephant grass to Laba beans, the selected Laba bean seeds are mixed with rhizobia and then sown at a fixed distance using a seeder. Plant them between ridges, 2 seeds per hole, with a sowing depth of 3-4cm, a planting row spacing of 60-80cm, and a plant spacing of 23-30cm. Among them, the Laba bean variety is the Run Gao variety; elephant grass-Laba beans-elephant grass-Laba beans are planted in a cycle.
[0040] Step 5: Field management: Apply pesticides according to the pest situation during the branching period of Labrador beans; and use compound fertilizer for topdressing 30 days after planting and after each mowing, with a dosage of 150kg / hm 2 .
[0041] Step six, harvesting and utilization. When the elephant grass plant height is 1.5-2.0m, it is mowed and utilized by a harvesting device, leaving a stubble of 15-20cm. The elephant grass and laba beans are harvested together and directly fed as fresh grass, dried into green hay, or prepared as silage according to the purpose of use.
[0042] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the harvesting device includes a vehicle body 1 and a controller, a plurality of harvesting components for harvesting elephant grass and laba beans are provided at the front end of the vehicle body 1, storage boxes 6 are provided on both sides of the vehicle body 1, and adsorption components for adsorbing and collecting harvested elephant grass and laba beans are provided on the top of the storage boxes 6, and the adsorption components and the harvesting components are electrically connected to the controller; the adsorption components include a negative pressure machine 5 and an adsorption channel 4, the negative pressure machine 5 is electrically connected to the controller, one end of the adsorption channel 4 is connected to the input end of the negative pressure machine 5, and the other end of the adsorption channel 4 is connected to the harvesting component, and the connection point is bolted;
[0043] The harvesting components all include a number of hydraulic components arranged at the front section of the vehicle body 1, and the hydraulic components all include a hydraulic press and a hydraulic lifting platform. The output shaft of the hydraulic press is bolted to the hydraulic lifting platform, and the hydraulic press is electrically connected to the controller. The hydraulic lifting platform is bolted with a protective cover 2, and the internal part of the protective cover 2 is bolted with a forked plate 10 for combing elephant grass or laba beans. A power box 3 is welded to the outside of the protective cover 2, and the internal screws of the power box 3 are connected to the motor 7. The output shaft of the motor 7 is coaxially bolted and fixedly connected to the first turntable 9, and the first turntable 9 is ringed with a cutting chain. The protective cover 2 is rotatably connected to the side away from the motor 7, and the cutting chain is ringed on the second turntable. The first turntable 9 and the second turntable are matched through the cutting chain 8 transmission, and the controller is electrically connected to the motor 7; the adsorption channel 4 is connected to the internal cavity of the protective cover 2.
[0044] The specific implementation process of the harvesting device is as follows: first, according to the harvesting requirements (i.e., the plant height of elephant grass and labrador beans and the stubble height of the two), adjust and start the hydraulic press to control the up and down movement of the hydraulic lifting platform, thereby adjusting the specific height of the protective cover 2 fixed on the hydraulic lifting platform to ensure that the stubble height of the elephant grass after being cut is 15-20cm, thereby reducing the impact on subsequent continuous harvesting and indirectly increasing production output; and the hydraulic lift has good supporting performance to ensure overall stability and safety during harvesting. Then start the vehicle body 1, move forward steadily according to the planting spacing, and start the motor 7 at the same time to drive the harvesting chain 8 to rotate. When the elephant grass or laba beans enter the gaps in the fork plate 10, the plants are cut off by the high-speed rotation of the harvesting chain 8. At the same time, with the advancement of the vehicle body 1 and the restriction of the fork plate 10, the cut elephant grass and laba beans will enter the cavity in the protective cover 2. At the same time, the negative pressure machine 5 is started to generate negative pressure, and the harvested elephant grass and laba beans are sucked into the storage box 6 through the adsorption channel 4. After the storage box 6 is collected, the movable plate at the bottom is opened to facilitate the removal of the elephant grass and laba beans in the storage box 6.
[0045] Experimental verification
[0046] 1. Experimental Methods
[0047] 1. Grouping: According to the six planting techniques of elephant grass-mulberry tree interplanting, elephant grass-alfalfa interplanting, corn-laba bean interplanting, elephant grass alone, laba bean alone and elephant grass-laba bean interplanting, standardized cultivation and planting were carried out, and they were respectively divided into control group A, control group B, control group C, control group D, control group E and experimental group F.
[0048] 2. Experimental results
[0049] Table 1 Comparison of the effects of six elephant grass planting methods
[0050] Yield per mu (KG) (elephant grass / laba beans) Crop growth Harvest time (days) Control group A (elephant grass-mulberry) 9453 good 5 Control group B (elephant grass-alfalfa) 10360 excellent 4 Control group C (corn-lab beans) 9335 good 4 Control group D (elephant grass) 13230 medium 3 Control group E (Labo beans) 12340 medium 3 Experimental group F (elephant grass-labraba beans) 16230 Excellent 2
[0051] By analyzing the above Table 1, it is found that compared with the planting method using this scheme (wide intercropping of elephant grass and laba beans), it can not only improve the continuous cropping effect of plants, enhance the stability of soil microbial communities and improve the efficiency of land resource utilization, and increase the yield and quality of grass products, but also its wide intercropping is more conducive to mechanized planting and harvesting, thereby improving harvesting efficiency.
[0052] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims
1. A method for planting elephant grass and laba beans in a wide range, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Land treatment: spray the planting land with acetochlor to remove weeds, then apply decomposed manure or compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, then plow and level the land and perform rotary tillage; Step 2, planting ratio: according to the planting machinery and mixed storage ratio, the planting width ratio of elephant grass and laba beans is designed to be 4 rows: 4 rows or 8 rows: 4 rows; Step 3, elephant grass planting: during the planting time, select a suitable temperature, and plant the selected elephant grass seed stems in a wide and narrow row manner using a planting machine according to the elephant grass-laba bean planting width ratio, with a narrow row spacing of 10-15 cm and a wide row spacing of 1-1.2 m; Step 4, planting of Laba beans: during the planting time, select a suitable temperature, and according to the planting width ratio of elephant grass to Laba beans, the selected Laba bean seeds are mixed with rhizobia and sown with a seeder at a fixed distance, planted between ridges, 2 seeds per hole, sowing depth of 3-4 cm, planting row spacing of 60-80 cm, and plant spacing of 23-30 cm; elephant grass-Laba beans-elephant grass-Laba beans, planted in a cycle; Step 5: Field management: Apply pesticides according to the pest situation during the branching period of Labrador beans; and apply corresponding compound fertilizer topdressing; Step six, harvesting and utilization: When the elephant grass plant height is 1.5-2.0m, it is mowed and utilized by a harvesting device, leaving a stubble of 15-20cm. The elephant grass and laba beans are harvested together and directly fed as fresh grass, dried into green hay, or prepared as silage according to the purpose of use.
2. The planting method of elephant grass and laba beans in wide intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the amount of fertilizer applied of the decomposed manure is 22500-37500 kg / hm 2 The application rate of compound fertilizer is 450-750kg / hm 2 .
3. The planting method of elephant grass and laba beans in wide intercropping according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 3 and step 4, the planting time is from March to June.
4. The planting method of elephant grass and laba beans in wide intercropping according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the steps 3 and 4, the air temperature is 15°C-20°C.
5. The planting method of elephant grass and laba beans in wide intercropping according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 3, the elephant grass seed stem variety is the Guiminyin elephant grass variety, and the middle and lower stems of mature plants that are thick and disease-free, have full buds, and are over 6 months old are selected as seed stems.
6. The planting method of elephant grass and laba beans in wide intercropping according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step 4, the Laba bean variety is the Rungao variety.
7. The planting method of elephant grass and laba beans in wide intercropping according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 5, the time for topdressing is 28-35 days after planting and after each mowing.
8. The planting method of elephant grass and laba beans in wide intercropping according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 5, the amount of compound fertilizer applied is 150kg / hm 2 .
9. The planting method of elephant grass and laba beans in wide intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step six, the harvesting device includes a vehicle body (1) and a controller. A plurality of harvesting components for harvesting elephant grass and laba beans are provided at the front end of the vehicle body (1). Storage boxes (6) are provided on both sides of the vehicle body (1). Adsorption components for adsorbing and collecting harvested elephant grass and laba beans are provided on the top of the storage boxes (6). The adsorption components and the harvesting components are electrically connected to the controller. The adsorption components include a negative pressure machine (5) and an adsorption channel (4). The negative pressure machine (5) is electrically connected to the controller. One end of the adsorption channel (4) is connected to the input end of the negative pressure machine (5), and the other end of the adsorption channel (4) is connected to the harvesting component, and the connection point is detachable.
10. The planting method of elephant grass and laba beans in wide intercropping according to claim 9, characterized in that: The harvesting components all include a plurality of hydraulic components arranged at the front section of the vehicle body (1), and the hydraulic components all include a hydraulic press and a hydraulic lifting platform. The output shaft of the hydraulic press is fixedly connected to the hydraulic lifting platform, and the hydraulic press is electrically connected to a controller. A protective cover (2) is detachably connected to the hydraulic lifting platform, and a forked plate (10) for combing elephant grass or labrador bean is arranged inside the protective cover (2). A power box (3) is arranged outside the protective cover (2), and a motor (7) is fixedly connected inside the power box (3). The output shaft of the motor (7) is coaxially fixedly connected to a first rotating disk (9), and a cutting chain (8) is ringed around the first rotating disk (9). A second rotating disk is rotatably connected to the side of the protective cover (2) away from the motor (7), and the cutting chain (8) is ringed on the second rotating disk. The first rotating disk (9) and the second rotating disk are matched through the cutting chain (8) for transmission, and the controller is electrically connected to the motor (7); the adsorption channel (4) is connected to the internal cavity of the protective cover (2).