Vertical shaft tunneling system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical shaft tunneling system and method, and relates to the technical field of vertical shaft construction. The vertical shaft tunneling system comprises a supporting device and a tunneling mechanism arranged below the supporting device, the supporting device is used for pressing a pipe piece and is connected with the tunneling mechanism through a rotating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism is used for driving the tunneling mechanism to rotate around the central line of a vertical shaft. According to the vertical shaft tunneling system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the pipe pieces are tightly pressed on the inner wall of the vertical shaft through the supporting device, so that the pipe pieces are tightly attached to the surrounding soil body, excessive deformation and collapse of a soil layer in the tunneling process are avoided, and the construction safety is improved; the slewing mechanism drives the tunneling mechanism to rotate around the center line of the vertical shaft, the stable tunneling posture can be kept in the tunneling process, the deviation of the center line of the vertical shaft is within the allowable range, and the construction quality is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of shaft construction, and in particular to a shaft excavation system and method. Background Art

[0002] Shaft excavation refers to the construction process of digging a shaft vertically from the ground downwards, which is widely used in underground projects such as subways, tunnels, mines, hydraulic engineering, etc. With the acceleration of urbanization and the increase in demand for underground space development, the importance of shaft excavation technology has become increasingly prominent.

[0003] However, during the shaft excavation process, due to complex geological conditions, equipment performance limitations, improper construction operations and other factors, problems such as changes in excavation posture and soil collapse often occur. These problems not only affect the construction progress and quality, but may also endanger the safety of construction workers. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a shaft excavation system and method to solve the problems of excavation posture change and soil collapse during shaft excavation.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this application to solve its technical problem is:

[0006] In a first aspect, a shaft excavation system is provided, comprising a supporting device and an excavation mechanism arranged below the supporting device, wherein the supporting device is used to press against a pipe segment and is connected to the excavation mechanism via a slewing mechanism, and the slewing mechanism is used to drive the excavation mechanism to rotate around a center line of the shaft.

[0007] Furthermore, the support device includes a central support seat, at least three pipe segment compression seats arranged around the central support seat, and support legs connected between the pipe segment compression seat and the central support seat, and the pipe segment compression seat is used to compress the pipe segment.

[0008] Furthermore, the supporting leg includes a middle leg and an overlapping leg connected to the middle leg.

[0009] Furthermore, the slewing mechanism includes a slewing motor arranged on the supporting device and a slewing seat movably connected to the supporting device, the slewing motor is transmission-connected to the slewing seat to drive the slewing seat to rotate around the center line of the shaft, and the excavation mechanism is connected to the slewing seat.

[0010] Furthermore, a gear is connected to the output shaft of the rotary motor, a rotary support outer gear ring is connected to the rotary seat, and the gear is meshed with the rotary support outer gear ring for transmission.

[0011] Furthermore, the slewing support outer gear ring is coaxially and rotatably connected to a slewing support inner ring, and the slewing support inner ring is fixedly connected to the support device.

[0012] Furthermore, the tunneling mechanism includes a tunneling arm and a luffing cylinder, the upper end of the tunneling arm is hinged to the slewing mechanism, the luffing cylinder is connected between the slewing mechanism and the tunneling arm, and is used to drive the tunneling arm to swing radially along the shaft.

[0013] Furthermore, the tunneling arm is a telescopic arm.

[0014] Furthermore, the tunneling arm includes a basic arm, a second-section arm slidably connected to the basic arm, and a telescopic cylinder arranged between the basic arm and the second-section arm. The upper end of the basic arm is hinged to the slewing mechanism, and the variable amplitude cylinder is connected between the slewing mechanism and the basic arm.

[0015] In a second aspect, a shaft excavation method is provided, which adopts the shaft excavation system provided by the first aspect, and the method includes: installing the pipe segment in the shaft, moving the supporting device to the position of the pipe segment and pressing the pipe segment against the inner wall of the shaft; the rotary mechanism drives the excavation mechanism to rotate around the center line of the shaft to cut the soil.

[0016] Beneficial effects of this application:

[0017] The shaft excavation system and method provided in the embodiment of the present application press the pipe segments against the inner wall of the shaft through a supporting device, so that the pipe segments and the surrounding soil fit tightly, avoiding excessive deformation and collapse of the soil layer during the excavation process, and improving construction safety; the excavation mechanism is driven by a rotary mechanism to rotate around the center line of the shaft to cut the soil, and a stable excavation posture can be maintained during the excavation process, so that the deviation of the center line of the shaft is within the allowable range, thereby improving the construction quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a shaft excavation system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the supporting device;

[0021] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the decomposition of

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connection between the slewing seat and the outer gear ring of the slewing support;

[0023] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the decomposition of

[0024] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the excavation mechanism;

[0025] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the decomposition.

[0026] Reference numerals:

[0027] 1- Support device;

[0028] 11- center support seat;

[0029] 111-motor mounting hole;

[0030] 12-segment pressing seat;

[0031] 13-middle leg;

[0032] 14- Overlap the legs;

[0033] 2- Rotating mechanism;

[0034] 21- Rotary motor;

[0035] 22-swivel seat;

[0036] 23- Gear;

[0037] 24-slewing support outer gear ring;

[0038] 25-slewing support inner ring;

[0039] 26-motor bearing seat;

[0040] 27-motor bearing;

[0041] 28-motor bearing cover;

[0042] 29-connection seat;

[0043] 3- Excavation mechanism;

[0044] 31- Excavation arm;

[0045] 311-basic arm; 3111-basic arm hinge shaft copper sleeve; 3112-basic arm hinge shaft; 3113-basic arm hinge shaft; baffle;

[0046] 312-two-section arm;

[0047] 313-telescopic cylinder; 3131-telescopic cylinder barrel; 3132-telescopic cylinder piston rod; 3133-telescopic cylinder barrel hinge shaft; 3134-telescopic cylinder rod hinge shaft;

[0048] 32-luffing cylinder;

[0049] 321-luffing cylinder; 3211-luffing cylinder hinge shaft;

[0050] 322-luffing cylinder piston rod; 3221-luffing cylinder rod hinge shaft; 3222-luffing cylinder rod hinge shaft baffle;

[0051] 33- Cutting head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0053] In the description of this application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application. Unless otherwise specified, the above-mentioned directional descriptions can be flexibly set in the process of actual application under the condition that the relative positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings is satisfied.

[0054] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0055] See also Figure 1 An embodiment of the present application provides a shaft excavation system, including a supporting device 1 and an excavation mechanism 3 arranged below the supporting device 1, wherein the supporting device 1 is used to press against the pipe segment and is connected to the excavation mechanism 3 through a rotating mechanism 2, and the rotating mechanism 2 is used to drive the excavation mechanism 3 to rotate around the center line of the shaft.

[0056] During the excavation operation, the support device 1 is installed in the shaft and presses the pipe segments in the shaft against the inner wall of the shaft. The slewing mechanism 2 and the excavation mechanism 3 are started. The slewing mechanism 2 drives the excavation mechanism 3 to rotate around the center line of the shaft and cuts the soil with the excavation mechanism 3, thereby realizing the excavation of the shaft. After each excavation process is completed, the entire excavation system is controlled to move downward and proceed to the next excavation process.

[0057] The shaft excavation system provided in the embodiment of the present application is used for excavating a shaft. During the excavation operation, the pipe segment is pressed against the inner wall of the shaft by the support device 1, so that the pipe segment and the surrounding soil are closely fitted, thereby avoiding excessive deformation and collapse of the soil layer during the excavation process and improving construction safety. The excavation mechanism 3 is driven by the slewing mechanism 2 to rotate around the center line of the shaft to cut the soil, so that a stable excavation posture can be maintained during the excavation process, so that the deviation of the center line of the shaft is within the allowable range, thereby improving the construction quality.

[0058] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 , Figure 3 The support device 1 includes a central support seat 11, at least three pipe segment pressing seats 12 arranged around the central support seat 11, and support legs connected between the pipe segment pressing seats 12 and the central support seat 11, and the pipe segment pressing seats 12 are used to press the pipe segments.

[0059] Exemplarily, the central support seat 11 is a roughly annular structure vertically arranged along the center line, and the segment pressing seats 12 include three, and the three segment pressing seats 12 are evenly distributed around the central support seat 11, and each segment pressing seat 12 is fixedly connected to the central support seat 11 through a support leg. Accordingly, when the support device 1 is installed in the shaft, the segments are pressed against the inner wall of the shaft through the three segment pressing seats 12. The slewing mechanism 2 is arranged below the support device 1, and it can be connected to the central support seat 11 or to the support legs, which is not specifically limited here.

[0060] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 , Figure 3 The supporting legs include a middle leg 13 and an overlapping leg 14 connected to the middle leg 13. Accordingly, by setting the supporting legs as the middle leg 13 and the overlapping leg 14, the length or number of the overlapping leg 14 can be adjusted according to the size of the shaft, thereby adjusting the length of the supporting legs to adapt to shafts of different sizes.

[0061] Exemplarily, the center support seat 11 is fixedly connected to the three middle legs 13 by a plurality of bolts, the outer end of each middle leg 13 is fixedly connected to the overlapping leg 14 by a plurality of bolts, and the outer end of each overlapping leg 14 is fixedly connected to the segment clamping seat 12 by a plurality of bolts.

[0062] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 , Figure 4 The slewing mechanism 2 includes a slewing motor 21 disposed on the supporting device 1 and a slewing seat 22 movably connected to the supporting device 1. The slewing motor 21 is in transmission connection with the slewing seat 22 to drive the slewing seat 22 to rotate around the center line of the shaft, and the excavation mechanism 3 is connected to the slewing seat 22. Accordingly, during the excavation operation, the slewing motor 21 drives the slewing seat 22 to rotate around the center line of the shaft, and the slewing seat 22 then drives the excavation mechanism 3 to rotate around the center line of the shaft, so that the excavation mechanism 3 is used to cut the soil.

[0063] Exemplarily, the center support seat 11 has a motor mounting hole 111 extending from top to bottom, the rotary motor 21 is mounted above the center support seat 11, and its output shaft passes through the motor mounting hole 111 and extends to the bottom of the center support seat 11; the rotary seat 22 is a circular ring structure rotatably mounted below the center support seat 11, and the output shaft of the rotary motor 21 is connected to the rotary seat 22 through a transmission mechanism to drive the rotary seat 22 to rotate around the center line of the shaft, and a bearing structure supporting the output shaft of the rotary motor 21 is also installed at the bottom of the center support seat 11.

[0064] Accordingly, the bearing structure can support the output shaft of the rotary motor 21, reduce the bending or vibration caused by the long output shaft, and thus improve the stability of the operation of the rotary motor 21; the bearing structure can also provide sufficient radial and axial load-bearing capacity to meet the operating requirements of the rotary motor 21 under high load conditions. For example, the bearing structure includes a motor bearing seat 26 fixed to the bottom of the central support seat 11, a motor bearing 27 disposed in the motor bearing seat 26, and a motor bearing cover 28 connected to the motor bearing seat 26. The output shaft of the rotary motor 21 passes through the motor bearing 27 and is fixed to the inner ring of the motor bearing 27.

[0065] In some embodiments, the output shaft of the rotary motor 21 is connected to the rotary seat 22 through a gear mechanism. Accordingly, the gear mechanism has high transmission efficiency and low power loss, and the gear mechanism has a compact structure and occupies little space, which is suitable for applications with limited space.

[0066] For example, see Figure 3 , Figure 4 The output shaft of the rotary motor 21 is connected with a gear 23, and the rotary seat 22 is connected with a rotary support outer gear ring 24, and the gear 23 is meshed with the rotary support outer gear ring 24 for transmission. When working, the output shaft of the rotary motor 21 drives the gear 23 to rotate, the gear 23 drives the rotary support outer gear ring 24 to rotate, and the rotary support outer gear ring 24 drives the rotary seat 22 to rotate.

[0067] The rotary motor 21 may include one or more, wherein the term "more than one" refers to at least two. When the rotary motor 21 includes more than one, the plurality of rotary motors 21 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the central support seat 11. Accordingly, by providing a plurality of rotary motors 21, the plurality of rotary motors 21 can provide greater output power and torque, and can provide different working modes to meet different motion requirements. By having a plurality of rotary motors 21 working in coordination, redundancy can also be provided. If a rotary motor 21 fails, the other rotary motors 21 can continue to work, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the excavation system.

[0068] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 , Figure 3 , a slewing support inner ring 25 is coaxially and rotatably connected inside the slewing support outer ring 24, and the slewing support inner ring 25 is fixedly connected to the support device 1. Accordingly, the support device 1 is connected to the excavation mechanism 3 through a slewing support assembly consisting of the slewing support outer ring 24 and the slewing support inner ring 25. The slewing support assembly has a large load-bearing capacity, large axial and radial dimensions, and a firm structure. It can be applied to heavy machinery requiring a larger diameter, and ensures the stability and reliability of the excavation system when working.

[0069] Exemplarily, the slewing support inner ring 25 is arranged inside the slewing support outer gear ring 24, and the outer surface of the slewing support inner ring 25 and the inner surface of the slewing support outer gear ring 24 are both provided with annular grooves, and the two annular grooves are combined to form an embedded cavity, and a plurality of rollers are arranged in the embedded cavity; the plurality of rollers are used to not only reliably connect the slewing support inner ring 25 and the slewing support outer gear ring 24 together, but also enable the slewing support inner ring 25 and the slewing support outer gear ring 24 to rotate relative to each other. Among them, the rollers can include multiple rows, and the multiple rows of rollers are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the slewing support inner ring 25. The slewing support inner ring 25 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the central support seat 11 by a plurality of bolts, and the slewing support outer gear ring 24 is fixedly connected to the top of the slewing seat 22 by a plurality of bolts.

[0070] In some embodiments, see Figure 6 The tunneling mechanism 3 includes a tunneling arm 31 and a luffing cylinder 32. The upper end of the tunneling arm 31 is hinged to the slewing mechanism 2. The luffing cylinder 32 is connected between the slewing mechanism 2 and the tunneling arm 31 and is used to drive the tunneling arm 31 to swing radially along the shaft. Accordingly, during tunneling operation, the slewing mechanism 2 drives the tunneling arm 31 to rotate around the center line of the shaft, and the tunneling arm 31 is used to cut the soil. Through the extension and contraction of the luffing cylinder 32, the angle between the tunneling arm 31 and the center line of the shaft can be adjusted, so that the tunneling arm 31 cuts the soil within a certain range, thereby increasing the working range of the tunneling mechanism 3.

[0071] Exemplarily, a connecting seat 29 is fixed on the slewing seat 22, and the upper end of the tunneling arm 31 is hinged to the connecting seat 29, so that the tunneling arm 31 can swing up and down in a vertical plane; the luffing cylinder 32 is an oil cylinder, and the two ends of the luffing cylinder 32 are respectively hinged to the connecting seat 29 and the tunneling arm 31. Through the extension and contraction of the luffing cylinder 32, the lower end of the tunneling arm 31 can be driven to swing to adjust the angle between the tunneling arm 31 and the center line of the shaft. For example, the luffing cylinder 32 includes two parallel arrangements. Further, a cutting head 33 is fixed to the lower end of the tunneling arm 31. Accordingly, by providing the cutting head 33, the soil can be cut quickly and effectively, thereby improving the tunneling speed and efficiency.

[0072] In some embodiments, the tunneling arm 31 is a telescopic arm. Accordingly, during the tunneling process, by adjusting the length of the tunneling arm 31, the tunneling range of the tunneling arm 31 can be increased, further increasing the working range of the tunneling mechanism 3. The tunneling arm 31 can include a multi-stage telescopic arm.

[0073] In some embodiments, see Figure 7 The tunneling arm 31 includes a basic arm 311, a second arm 312 slidably connected to the basic arm 311, and a telescopic cylinder 313 disposed between the basic arm 311 and the second arm 312. The upper end of the basic arm 311 is hinged to the slewing mechanism 2, and the luffing cylinder 32 is connected between the slewing mechanism 2 and the basic arm 311. Accordingly, the second arm 312 can be driven to slide relative to the basic arm 311 by extending or contracting the telescopic cylinder 313, so as to adjust the length of the tunneling arm 31.

[0074] For example, see Figure 5 , Figure 7The upper end of the basic arm 311 is mounted on the basic arm hinge shaft 3112 through the basic arm hinge shaft copper sleeve 3111, and the two ends of the basic arm hinge shaft 3112 are fixedly connected to the connecting seat 29 through two basic arm hinge shaft baffles 3113 and four bolts. The luffing cylinder 32 includes a luffing cylinder barrel 321 and a luffing cylinder piston rod 322, the lower end of the luffing cylinder piston rod 322 is mounted on the luffing cylinder rod hinge shaft 3221, and the two ends of the luffing cylinder rod hinge shaft 3221 are fixedly connected to the basic arm 311 through a luffing cylinder rod hinge shaft baffle 3222 and two bolts, the upper end of the luffing cylinder piston rod 322 is slidably fitted in the luffing cylinder barrel 321, and the upper end of the luffing cylinder barrel 321 is hinged to the connecting seat 29 through the luffing cylinder barrel hinge shaft 3211. The lower end of the basic arm 311 is provided with a sliding cavity extending upward, the upper end of the second-section arm 312 is slidably mounted in the sliding cavity, and the lower end of the second-section arm 312 is fixedly connected to the cutting head 33. The telescopic cylinder 313 is arranged in the sliding cavity, and includes a telescopic cylinder barrel 3131 and a telescopic cylinder piston rod 3132. The telescopic cylinder barrel 3131 is fixedly connected to the second-section arm 312 through a telescopic cylinder barrel hinge shaft 3133. The lower end of the telescopic cylinder piston rod 3132 is slidably fitted in the telescopic cylinder barrel 3131, and the upper end of the telescopic cylinder piston rod 3132 is connected to the basic arm 311 through a telescopic cylinder rod hinge shaft 3134.

[0075] An embodiment of the present application provides a shaft excavation method using a shaft excavation system, the method comprising: installing a pipe segment in the shaft, moving a support device 1 to the position of the pipe segment and pressing the pipe segment against the inner wall of the shaft; a rotary mechanism 2 drives an excavation mechanism 3 to rotate around the center line of the shaft to cut the soil.

[0076] The shaft excavation method provided in the embodiment of the present application presses the pipe segment against the inner wall of the shaft through the support device 1, so that the pipe segment and the surrounding soil are closely fitted, thereby avoiding excessive deformation and collapse of the soil layer during the excavation process and improving construction safety; the excavation mechanism 3 is driven to rotate around the center line of the shaft by the rotating mechanism 2 to cut the soil, and a stable excavation posture can be maintained during the excavation process, so that the deviation of the center line of the shaft is within the allowable range, thereby improving the construction quality.

[0077] The above are only specific implementation methods of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A shaft excavation system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a supporting device (1) and a tunneling mechanism (3) arranged below the supporting device (1); the supporting device (1) is used to press against a pipe segment and is connected to the tunneling mechanism (3) via a slewing mechanism (2); the slewing mechanism (2) is used to drive the tunneling mechanism (3) to rotate around the center line of the shaft.

2. The shaft excavation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support device (1) comprises a central support seat (11), at least three pipe segment pressing seats (12) arranged around the central support seat (11), and support legs connected between the pipe segment pressing seats (12) and the central support seat (11), wherein the pipe segment pressing seats (12) are used to press on the pipe segments.

3. The shaft excavation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The supporting legs include a middle supporting leg (13) and a lap supporting leg (14) connected to the middle supporting leg (13).

4. The shaft excavation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slewing mechanism (2) comprises a slewing motor (21) arranged on the supporting device (1) and a slewing seat (22) movably connected to the supporting device (1); the slewing motor (21) is transmission-connected to the slewing seat (22) to drive the slewing seat (22) to rotate around the center line of the shaft; and the excavation mechanism (3) is connected to the slewing seat (22).

5. The shaft excavation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The output shaft of the rotary motor (21) is connected to a gear (23), the rotary seat (22) is connected to a rotary support outer gear ring (24), and the gear (23) is meshed with the rotary support outer gear ring (24) for transmission.

6. The shaft excavation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The slewing support outer gear ring (24) is coaxially and rotatably connected to a slewing support inner ring (25), and the slewing support inner ring (25) is fixedly connected to the support device (1).

7. The shaft excavation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excavation mechanism (3) comprises an excavation arm (31) and a luffing cylinder (32); the upper end of the excavation arm (31) is hinged to the slewing mechanism (2); the luffing cylinder (32) is connected between the slewing mechanism (2) and the excavation arm (31) and is used to drive the excavation arm (31) to swing radially along the shaft.

8. The shaft excavation system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The tunneling arm (31) is a telescopic arm.

9. The shaft excavation system according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The tunneling arm (31) comprises a basic arm (311), a second-section arm (312) slidably connected to the basic arm (311), and a telescopic cylinder (313) arranged between the basic arm (311) and the second-section arm (312); the upper end of the basic arm (311) is hinged to the slewing mechanism (2), and the variable amplitude cylinder (32) is connected between the slewing mechanism (2) and the basic arm (311).

10. A vertical shaft excavation method, characterized in that: A shaft excavation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used, the method comprising: installing a pipe segment in the shaft, moving a support device (1) to the position of the pipe segment and pressing the pipe segment against the inner wall of the shaft; a rotary mechanism (2) drives the excavation mechanism (3) to rotate around the center line of the shaft to cut the soil.

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