Tunnel shaft blasting protection device

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunnel shaft blasting protection device which comprises a shell capable of being inserted into a shaft, a through hole is formed in the outer wall of the shell, a movable block is arranged in the shell, and the movable block can slide in the extending direction of the through hole; a buffer plate is arranged in the shell and is in sliding fit with the shell, a connecting rod is arranged between the buffer plate and the movable block, the connecting rod is obliquely arranged, and the two ends of the connecting rod are hinged to the buffer plate and the movable block respectively; an opening communicated with the interior of the shell is formed in the bottom face of the shell and located below the buffer plate. Impact force generated by blasting serves as driving force to drive the buffer plate to slide upwards in the shell, the distance between the buffer plate and the movable block is shortened, meanwhile, the inclination angle of the connecting rod is increased, the movable block is driven by the connecting rod to slide towards the outside of the shell, and then one face of the movable block slides out of the through hole to abut against the well wall. The shell is supported through the friction force between the shell body and the shell body, gravity is replaced by the friction force, the shell is not prone to being impacted away by impact force generated by blasting, and the blasting efficiency is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of blasting protection devices, in particular to a tunnel shaft blasting protection device. Background Art

[0002] Shaft tunnel blasting is a construction technology used in the fields of mining, tunnel construction, water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and underground facility construction. It mainly carries out blasting operations in vertical or near-vertical shafts or in the shaft section of tunnels to break rocks or soil, thereby forming a vertical channel of the required size and shape.

[0003] The formation of a vertical channel by blasting will inevitably produce a strong impact force due to the blasting. When the depth of the wellbore is shallow, the blasted rock and gravel will splash out of the wellhead due to the impact force, posing a potential safety hazard to the surrounding facilities and workers above. Therefore, the blasting construction site will cover the wellhead with protective devices such as covers to reduce the safety hazards caused by gravel splashing out of the wellhead.

[0004] At present, there is no better way to install protective devices during pile hole and shaft blasting excavation. In order to prevent the protective devices from being easily washed out of the wellhead by the impact force generated by the explosion, most of them are installed by piling a number of sandbags or other heavy objects on the protective devices. However, this method requires the transportation of sandbags or other heavy objects, and also requires loading and unloading them, which reduces construction efficiency and increases manpower consumption. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel shaft blasting protection device to solve the problem that the existing protection device is installed at the shaft mouth by piling a number of sandbags or other heavy objects on top of it, which requires the sandbags or other heavy objects to be transported and loaded and unloaded, which reduces the construction efficiency and increases the manpower consumption.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A tunnel shaft blasting protection device comprises a shell that can be inserted into the shaft, the outer wall of the shell is provided with at least two through holes that are opposite to each other and communicate with the inside of the shell, and the shell is provided with a plurality of movable blocks that are respectively slidably matched with the plurality of through holes, and the movable blocks can slide along the extension direction of the through holes;

[0008] A buffer plate is provided in the shell and is located below the movable block. The buffer plate is slidably matched with the shell. The buffer plate can slide in a direction close to or away from the movable block. A connecting rod is provided between the buffer plate and the movable block. The connecting rod is tilted and has two ends hinged to the buffer plate and the movable block respectively.

[0009] The bottom surface of the shell is provided with an opening which is communicated with the interior thereof, and the opening is located below the buffer plate.

[0010] It is further defined that a fixing plate is arranged above the buffer plate in the housing, a connecting rod is slidably mounted on the fixing plate, a limiting plate located on the top surface of the fixing plate is arranged at the upper end of the connecting rod, and the lower end of the connecting rod is connected to the buffer plate;

[0011] An elastic support member is arranged between the fixing plate and the buffer plate, and two ends of the elastic support member are respectively connected to the fixing plate and the buffer plate.

[0012] It is further defined that a sealing ring is provided on the side of the buffer plate and abuts against the inner wall of the shell, and the buffer plate sealing ring cooperates to divide the interior of the shell into a first chamber and a second chamber adjacent to each other up and down, and an air hole connected to the first chamber is opened on the top surface of the shell, and the second chamber is connected to the opening.

[0013] It is further defined that a collecting plate is further provided in the shell and is located below the buffer plate, the second chamber is located between the buffer plate and the collecting plate, and a through opening is provided in the middle of the collecting plate, the upper and lower ends of which are connected to the second chamber and the open port;

[0014] The bottom surface of the buffer plate gradually tapers toward the top surface of the shell along the direction of the collecting plate and then becomes a cone.

[0015] It is further defined that the elastic support member includes an airbag and a spring vertically installed inside the airbag, and the top surface of the airbag is provided with a first connecting pipe that passes through the shell and communicates with the outside.

[0016] It is further defined that the bottom surface of the shell is provided with an atomizing nozzle with an output end facing downward, the inner wall of the shell is provided with a third chamber connected thereto, and the third chamber is provided with a liquid inlet.

[0017] It is further defined that a second connecting tube is provided between the third chamber and the airbag, two ends of the second connecting tube are respectively connected to the airbag and the third chamber, and the caliber of the first connecting tube is smaller than the caliber of the second connecting tube.

[0018] It is further defined that the collecting plate gradually tapers along the direction of the opening toward the top surface of the shell and becomes conical, and a pressure sensor is arranged in the second chamber, and the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the atomizing nozzle.

[0019] It is further defined that the upper and lower surfaces of the through hole are both provided with a slide groove opened along the sliding direction of the movable block, a slider is slidably fitted in the slide groove, and the slider is connected to the movable block.

[0020] It is further defined that a side of the movable block away from the first chamber is provided with an anti-slip layer, and the anti-slip layer includes a plurality of inclined rubber strips.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] The impact force generated by the blasting is used as a driving force to drive the buffer plate to slide upward in the shell, shortening the distance between the buffer plate and the movable block, while increasing the inclination angle of the connecting rod, so that the movable block is driven to slide toward the outside of the shell through the connecting rod, and then slides out of the through hole through one side of the movable block and abuts against the well wall. The shell is supported by the friction force between the two, so that the shell is not easily blown away by the impact force generated by the blasting by friction instead of gravity, thereby effectively improving the blasting efficiency.

[0023] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be described in the following description to some extent, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the housing of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the housing and the movable block of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure:

[0029] 1. Shell; 101. Through hole; 102. Fixed plate; 103. Vertical rod; 2. Movable block; 201. Rubber strip; 3. Buffer plate; 301. Sealing ring; 4. Connecting rod; 5. Collecting plate; 6. Airbag; 601. First connecting pipe; 602. Second connecting pipe; 7. Atomizing nozzle; 8. Slide groove; 801. Sliding block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0031] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not require further definition and explanation in the subsequent drawings.

[0033] In the above description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "one side", "the other side", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0034] In addition, the term "same" does not mean that the parts must be absolutely the same, but slight differences are allowed. The term "vertical" only means that the positional relationship between the parts is more vertical than "parallel", and does not mean that the structure must be completely vertical, but can be slightly tilted.

[0035] See also Figure 1-4 The present invention provides a technical solution: a tunnel shaft blasting protection device, comprising a shell 1 that can be inserted into the shaft, the outer wall of the shell 1 is provided with at least two through holes 101 that are opposite to each other and communicate with the inside of the shell 1, and a plurality of movable blocks 2 that are respectively slidably matched with the plurality of through holes 101 are provided in the shell 1, and the movable blocks 2 can slide along the extension direction of the through holes 101;

[0036] A buffer plate 3 is provided in the housing 1 and is located below the movable block 2. The buffer plate 3 is slidably matched with the housing 1. The buffer plate 3 can slide in a direction close to or away from the movable block 2. A connecting rod 4 is provided between the buffer plate 3 and the movable block 2. The connecting rod 4 is tilted and has two ends hinged to the buffer plate 3 and the movable block 2 respectively.

[0037] The bottom surface of the housing 1 is provided with an opening communicating with the interior thereof, and the opening is located below the buffer plate 3 .

[0038] In this solution, the shell 1 is a barrel-shaped structure with holes on the bottom and sides. When the shell 1 is inserted into the well, its outer wall can fit the well wall to the maximum extent, thereby protecting the well from blasting. The crushed stones generated by the blasting are blocked by the shell 1, so that the crushed stones are not easy to splash out of the well and affect the safety of personnel.

[0039] The top surface of the shell 1 can be installed with a lifting ring or a plate body with a connection radius larger than the shell 1. The operator can connect the shell 1 to the lifting ring through a steel cable to completely put the shell 1 into the well, and use a reel to reel in and out the steel cable to adjust the position of the shell 1 in the well up and down. Or, after the shell 1 is put into the well, the bottom surface of the plate body is against the wellhead to make the shell 1 located in a shallow layer, so that the shell 1 can be easily put into the well or installed at the wellhead to adapt to explosion positions of different depths.

[0040] When in use, the operator first arranges the explosives at the wellhead, and then puts the shell 1 in to ensure that the shell 1 is located above the explosives for protection. Then the explosives are detonated for blasting. Since the bottom surface of the shell 1 is open and the contact area is small, the small part of the impact force generated at the moment of blasting has a small contact area with the bottom surface of the shell 1, and the other impact force enters the shell 1 to impact the bottom surface of the buffer plate 3, causing the buffer plate 3 to slide upward in the shell 1, that is, slide in the direction close to the movable block 2, and the distance between the two is shortened, causing the end of the connecting rod 4 connected to the buffer plate 3 to move upward synchronously, and the end connected to the movable block 2 pushes the movable block 2 to slide toward the outside of the through hole 101, and then slides out of the through hole 101 through the side of the movable block 2 away from the inside of the shell 1, and supports the shell 1 against the well wall, so that the shell 1 is not easily blown away by the impact force generated by the blasting.

[0041] When the tunnel shaft blasting protection device of the present invention is used to protect a shaft to be blasted, the impact force generated by the blasting is used as a driving force to drive the buffer plate 3 to slide upward in the shell 1, shortening the distance between the buffer plate 3 and the movable block 2, and increasing the inclination angle of the connecting rod 4, so that the movable block 2 is driven to slide toward the outside of the shell 1 through the connecting rod 4, and then slides out of the through hole 101 through one side of the movable block 2 and abuts against the shaft wall, and the shell 1 is supported by the friction force between the two, so that the shell 1 is not easily blown away by the impact force generated by the blasting by friction instead of gravity, thereby effectively improving the blasting efficiency.

[0042] In this embodiment, a fixing plate 102 is provided above the buffer plate 3 in the housing 1, a vertical rod 103 is slidably mounted on the fixing plate 102, a limiting plate located on the top surface of the fixing plate 102 is provided at the upper end of the vertical rod 103, and the lower end is connected to the buffer plate 3;

[0043] An elastic support member is disposed between the fixing plate 102 and the buffer plate 3 , and two ends of the elastic support member are connected to the fixing plate 102 and the buffer plate 3 respectively.

[0044] In this solution, when the elastic support member is in a naturally stretched state, its end portion always pushes the buffer plate 3 in a direction close to the opening under the action of elastic force.

[0045] During specific use, when the buffer plate 3 is subjected to the impact force generated by the explosion, the buffer plate 3 overcomes the elastic force of the elastic support member and slides upward. At this time, the buffer plate 3 squeezes the elastic support member, causing the elastic support member to contract and elastically store energy. In this process, the buffer plate 3 can buffer part of the impact force through the elastic force of the elastic support member.

[0046] After a period of time after the blast, the impact force becomes smaller and smaller, the elastic force of the elastic support overcomes the impact force and under the influence of natural gravity, the buffer plate 3 is pushed downward to reset.

[0047] In this embodiment, a sealing ring 301 is provided on the side of the buffer plate 3 and abuts against the inner wall of the shell 1. The sealing ring 301 of the buffer plate 3 cooperates to divide the interior of the shell 1 into a first chamber and a second chamber adjacent to each other in an upper and lower direction. An air hole connected to the first chamber is opened on the top surface of the shell 1, and the second chamber is connected to the opening.

[0048] In this solution, the first chamber and the second chamber are separated by the buffer plate 3 and the sealing ring 301 , and when the sealing ring 301 abuts against the inside of the housing 1 , the first chamber and the second chamber are in a non-communicating state.

[0049] During specific use, the impact force enters the second chamber and pushes the buffer plate 3 to slide upward, causing the volume of the first chamber to decrease and the pressure to increase, thereby causing the first chamber to output gas to the outside of the shell 1 through the air hole. However, the air hole has a small diameter and the gas in the first chamber will not be output instantaneously. Therefore, the gas in the first chamber is compressed to generate a reaction force on the buffer plate 3, which reduces the impact of the impact force on the buffer plate 3.

[0050] In this embodiment, a collecting plate 5 located below the buffer plate 3 is further provided in the housing 1, the second chamber is located between the buffer plate 3 and the collecting plate 5, and a through opening is provided in the middle of the collecting plate 5, the upper and lower ends of which are connected to the second chamber and the open opening;

[0051] The bottom surface of the buffer plate 3 gradually contracts toward the top surface of the shell 1 along the direction of the collecting plate 5 and then becomes a cone.

[0052] During specific use, when the gravel generated by the blasting splashes upward, when the gravel enters the first chamber through the opening on the collecting plate 5 and collides with the bottom surface of the buffer plate 3, since the bottom surface of the buffer plate 3 is an inclined surface, the gravel is affected by the reaction force of the collision and falls downward. Due to the collision with the inclined surface, the gravel is not easy to fall vertically, and its falling trajectory is changed, making it easier to fall onto the top surface of the collecting plate 5, so as to collect the gravel.

[0053] In this embodiment, the elastic support member includes an airbag 6 and a spring vertically installed inside the airbag 6. The top surface of the airbag 6 is provided with a first connecting pipe 601 that penetrates the shell 1 and communicates with the outside.

[0054] In this solution, the airbag 6 is also provided with a unidirectional air inlet and outlet, which is maintained in a relatively expanded state under the support of the extension of the spring.

[0055] During specific use, when the buffer plate 3 slides upward, the buffer plate 3 squeezes the airbag 6 and the spring, and the reaction force of the exhaust of the airbag 6 and the elastic force of the spring further improves the impact resistance of the buffer plate 3.

[0056] In this embodiment, the bottom surface of the shell 1 is provided with an atomizing nozzle 7 with the output end facing downward, and the inner wall of the shell 1 is provided with a third chamber connected thereto, and the third chamber is provided with a liquid inlet.

[0057] During specific use, water can be input into the third chamber through the liquid inlet. After blasting, the water in the third chamber is sprayed downward in the form of water mist through the atomizing nozzle 7, so that the water mist is mixed with the dust generated by the blasting to achieve the effect of dust reduction, so as to reduce the dust from floating out of the well, polluting the air in the well area, and affecting the workers' construction.

[0058] In this embodiment, a second connecting tube 602 is provided between the third chamber and the airbag 6 , and both ends of the second connecting tube 602 are respectively connected to the airbag 6 and the third chamber, and the caliber of the first connecting tube 601 is smaller than that of the second connecting tube 602 .

[0059] In this solution, water can be input into the airbag 6 through the first connecting pipe 601, and the water in the airbag 6 can be output to the third chamber under the connection of the second connecting pipe 602. Moreover, the diameter of the first connecting pipe 601 is smaller than the diameter of the second connecting pipe 602.

[0060] During specific use, when the airbag 6 is squeezed by the buffer plate 3 , its internal space is reduced and the pressure is increased, so that most of the water in the airbag 6 is squeezed into the third chamber through the second connecting pipe 602 and then output through the atomizing nozzle 7 .

[0061] In this embodiment, the collecting plate 5 gradually shrinks along the direction of the opening toward the top surface of the shell 1 and becomes conical. A pressure sensor is provided in the second chamber, and the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the atomizing nozzle 7 .

[0062] In this solution, the pressure sensor is installed on the top surface of the collecting plate 5, the side wall of the second chamber or the bottom surface of the buffer plate 3.

[0063] In specific use, when blasting occurs, when the gravel splashes into the second chamber and collides with the pressure sensor, the pressure detected by the pressure sensor increases and exceeds the preset threshold, and then the atomizing nozzle 7 is activated by the pressure sensor to output the water in the third chamber.

[0064] In this embodiment, the upper and lower surfaces of the through hole 101 are both provided with a slide groove 8 opened along the sliding direction of the movable block 2 , and a slider 801 is slidably fitted in the slide groove 8 , and the slider 801 is connected to the movable block 2 .

[0065] In this solution, the cooperation between the slide groove 8 and the slider 801 enables the movable block 2 to slide stably during the sliding process, and at the same time limits the sliding distance of the movable block 2, so that it is not easy to slide out of the through hole 101 and fall off.

[0066] In this embodiment, a non-slip layer is provided on a surface of the movable block 2 away from the first chamber, and the non-slip layer includes a plurality of inclined rubber strips 201 .

[0067] In this solution, when the movable block 2 abuts against the well wall, the anti-skid layer of the rubber strip 201 is provided. Since the rubber strip 201 is flexible, it can better abut against the uneven well wall. At the same time, the rubber material has a better anti-skid effect, thereby improving the friction between the movable block 2 and the well wall.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel shaft blasting protection device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a housing (1) which can be inserted into a well, wherein the outer wall of the housing (1) is provided with at least two through holes (101) which are opposite to each other and communicate with the interior of the housing (1), and the housing (1) is provided with a plurality of movable blocks (2) which are respectively slidably matched with the plurality of through holes (101), and the movable blocks (2) can slide along the extension direction of the through holes (101); A buffer plate (3) is arranged inside the shell (1) and is located below the movable block (2). The buffer plate (3) is slidably matched with the shell (1). The buffer plate (3) can slide in a direction approaching or away from the movable block (2). A connecting rod (4) is arranged between the buffer plate (3) and the movable block (2). The connecting rod (4) is arranged obliquely and has two ends hinged to the buffer plate (3) and the movable block (2) respectively. The bottom surface of the shell (1) is provided with an opening which is connected to the interior thereof, and the opening is located below the buffer plate (3).

2. The tunnel shaft blasting protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing plate (102) is arranged above the buffer plate (3) in the shell (1), a vertical rod (103) is slidably mounted on the fixing plate (102), a limiting plate located on the top surface of the fixing plate (102) is arranged at the upper end of the vertical rod (103), and the lower end is connected to the buffer plate (3); An elastic support member is provided between the fixed plate (102) and the buffer plate (3), and two ends of the elastic support member are respectively connected to the fixed plate (102) and the buffer plate (3).

3. The tunnel shaft blasting protection device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The side of the buffer plate (3) is provided with a sealing ring (301) which abuts against the inner wall of the shell (1); the buffer plate (3) and the sealing ring (301) cooperate to divide the interior of the shell (1) into a first chamber and a second chamber adjacent to each other in upper and lower parts; the top surface of the shell (1) is provided with an air hole connected to the first chamber, and the second chamber is connected to the opening.

4. The tunnel shaft blasting protection device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The housing (1) is further provided with a collecting plate (5) located below the buffer plate (3); the second chamber is located between the buffer plate (3) and the collecting plate (5); and a central portion of the collecting plate (5) is provided with openings at upper and lower ends communicating with the second chamber and the open port; The bottom surface of the buffer plate (3) gradually contracts along the direction of the collecting plate (5) toward the top surface of the shell (1) and then becomes conical.

5. The tunnel shaft blasting protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic support member comprises an airbag (6) and a spring vertically installed inside the airbag, and the top surface of the airbag (6) is provided with a first connecting pipe (601) penetrating the shell (1) and communicating with the outside.

6. The tunnel shaft blasting protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the shell (1) is provided with an atomizing nozzle (7) with its output end facing downwards, and the inner wall of the shell (1) is provided with a third chamber in communication with the shell (1), and the third chamber is provided with a liquid inlet.

7. The tunnel shaft blasting protection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A second connecting tube (602) is provided between the third chamber and the airbag (6), and two ends of the second connecting tube (602) are respectively connected to the airbag (6) and the third chamber, and the caliber of the first connecting tube (601) is smaller than the caliber of the second connecting tube (602).

8. The tunnel shaft blasting protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The collecting plate (5) gradually contracts along the direction of the opening toward the top surface of the shell (1) and becomes conical. A pressure sensor is arranged in the second chamber and is electrically connected to the atomizing nozzle (7).

9. The tunnel shaft blasting protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower surfaces of the through hole (101) are both provided with a slide groove (8) opened along the sliding direction of the movable block (2), a slider (801) is slidably fitted in the slide groove (8), and the slider (801) is connected to the movable block (2).

10. The tunnel shaft blasting protection device according to claim 9, characterized in that: A side of the movable block (2) away from the first chamber is provided with an anti-slip layer, and the anti-slip layer comprises a plurality of inclined rubber strips (201).

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