Disintegration instrument capable of eliminating turbid water in loess disintegration process and use method of disintegration instrument

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of geological research, and discloses a disintegration instrument capable of eliminating water turbidity in the loess disintegration process and a use method thereof, the disintegration instrument comprises a support, a transparent water tank, a camera and a data acquisition device; a water pump is arranged in the transparent water tank; a plurality of stacked filtering water tanks are arranged on the transparent water tank, a seepage hole-containing water pipe is arranged in the filtering water tank on the top layer, and one end of the seepage hole-containing water pipe is connected with a water outlet pipe arranged on a water outlet of the water pump; fully-paved filter cotton is arranged at the bottom of each filter water tank, every two adjacent layers of filter water tanks are connected through a bottom filter type drain pipe, a connected filter water return pipe is arranged on a water blowing port of the bottom filter type drain pipe of the filter water tank at the bottom layer, and the other end of the filter water return pipe is located in the transparent water tank; a tension sensor is arranged on the bracket, a connecting ring is arranged on the tension sensor, a filter screen for bearing a loess sample is arranged on the connecting ring, and the filter screen is positioned in the transparent water tank. And suspended sediment generated by the test can be effectively removed, and the accuracy of data is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of geological research and relates to a disintegration instrument capable of eliminating water turbidity during the disintegration of loess and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Due to its special water sensitivity (easy to disintegrate, easy to collapse, and easy to deform), loess shows significant vulnerability in water and soil disasters and engineering construction. Indoor experimental research on loess water sensitivity not only helps to reveal the formation mechanism of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau, but also provides a scientific basis for the study of the disintegration characteristics of frozen-thaw soil in seasonally frozen areas.

[0003] At present, indoor disintegration tests mainly observe the disintegration phenomenon of the soil through visual methods, measure the residual weight of the tested soil with the help of electronic scales and other equipment, and analyze the test data with the help of digital methods such as photogrammetry and data acquisition. However, during the test, the disintegration of loess will cause high turbidity in the water, which significantly interferes with the clear observation and recording of the dynamic process of soil disintegration. This turbidity phenomenon not only reduces the reliability of the test data, but also restricts the accurate revelation of the characteristics and mechanism of loess disintegration, becoming one of the key problems in research in this field. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and provide a disintegration apparatus and a method for using the disintegration apparatus which can eliminate the turbidity of water during the disintegration of loess.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention provides a disintegration instrument capable of eliminating turbidity of water during the disintegration of loess, comprising a bracket, a transparent water tank, a camera and a data acquisition device; a water pump is arranged in the transparent water tank; a plurality of stacked filter water tanks are arranged on the transparent water tank, and a water pipe with seepage holes is arranged in the filter water tank on the top layer, and one end of the water pipe with seepage holes is connected to a water outlet pipe arranged on the water outlet of the water pump; a fully-laid filter cotton is arranged at the bottom of each filter water tank, and two adjacent layers of filter water tanks are connected by a bottom filter-type drainage pipe, and a connected filtered water return pipe is arranged on the water outlet of the bottom filter water tank, and the other end of the filtered water return pipe is located inside the transparent water tank; a tension sensor is arranged on the bracket, a connecting ring is arranged on the tension sensor, a filter screen for carrying a loess sample is arranged on the connecting ring, and the filter screen is located inside the transparent water tank; the tension sensor and a camera for recording the disintegration process of the loess sample are both connected to the data acquisition device.

[0007] Optionally, three layers of stacked filtered water tanks are arranged on the transparent water tank.

[0008] Optionally, a plug is provided on the end of the water pipe containing seepage holes; and a drain valve is provided at the bottom of the transparent water tank.

[0009] Optionally, an acrylic duckbill is provided on one end of the filtered water return pipe located inside the transparent water tank.

[0010] Optionally, a water inlet pipe is arranged on the water inlet of the water pump; a float is arranged in the top opening of the water inlet pipe, and the float is located above the filter screen, and the filter screen is arranged on the bottom opening.

[0011] Optionally, a plurality of fill lights are arranged on the top of the transparent water tank.

[0012] Optionally, the top of the bracket is at the same height as the bottom filter water tank, and the connecting ring is located at the center of the top of the bracket; the connecting ring is provided with a plurality of steel wire ropes, and the connecting ring is connected to the filter screen through the plurality of steel wire ropes.

[0013] Optionally, the transparent water tank is a glass water tank; the filter cotton is 10D thickened filter nano-cotton; the connecting ring is a stainless steel ring; and the filter mesh is a stainless steel filter mesh.

[0014] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for using the above-mentioned disintegration instrument that can eliminate water turbidity during the loess disintegration process, including: injecting distilled water into a transparent water tank; adjusting the water pump until the water level of the distilled water in the transparent water tank is in a balanced state; placing a loess sample on a filter screen, and recording the disintegration process of the loess sample through a camera and sending it to a data acquisition device, and sending real-time monitoring data of the tension sensor to the data acquisition device.

[0015] Optionally, it also includes: obtaining the disintegration amount of the loess sample by the following formula:

[0016] D(t)=M0(1-e -λ·f(PAM)t )

[0017] Where D(t) represents the disintegration amount of the loess sample at time t; M0 is the initial mass of the loess sample; λ is the inherent disintegration rate constant of the loess sample in the natural state; f(PAM) is a function of the concentration or effect of the PAM flocculant, and its value range is 0 <f(PAM)≤1。

[0018] The disintegration rate of loess sample was obtained by the following formula:

[0019]

[0020] in, is the disintegration rate of the loess sample at time t, and M(t) represents the remaining undisintegrated mass of the loess sample at time t, which is obtained according to the reading of the tension sensor.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The present invention can eliminate the turbidity of water during the disintegration of loess. By setting a water pump, a plurality of stacked filter water tanks, filter cotton, a bottom filter type drain pipe and a filter water return pipe to form a circulating filtration system, the suspended sediment generated during the loess disintegration test can be effectively removed, the clarity of the water body can be maintained, and the accuracy of the test data can be ensured at the same time. Under the premise of not interfering with the disintegration test process, a data acquisition system can be formed by a tension sensor, a camera and a data acquisition device to capture and record the test phenomenon, providing researchers with more accurate data and more realistic experimental results. In addition, the device of the present invention also has the advantages of small size, easy to carry, high precision and fast water purification speed. The research and development of the present invention not only improves the reliability of the disintegration test, but also provides a powerful tool for further revealing the mechanism of loess disintegration. The research results have important practical significance for improving the disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities of the Loess Plateau.

[0023] Furthermore, the design of the acrylic duckbill can change the direction and shape of the water flow, so that the water flows out of the duckbill at a specific angle and flow rate, avoiding pushing the sediment at the bottom of the transparent water tank. This optimized water flow state not only improves the circulation efficiency of the water body, but also helps to maintain the cleanliness of the water inside the water tank. At the same time, it reduces the friction and collision between the water flow and the water tank wall, reducing the impact on the loess disintegration process.

[0024] Furthermore, a float that can rise and fall freely with the change of water level is provided to remove the foam on the surface caused by the collapse of the loess sample and the lighter impurities contained therein.

[0025] Furthermore, the top of the bracket is at the same height as the bottom filter water tank, so that the vertical force of the entire device is more balanced, which helps to reduce the structural stress caused by the height difference, thereby improving the stability of the entire device. The connecting ring is located at the center of the top of the bracket, providing a stable support point for the filter, so that the filter can be evenly distributed when subjected to force, avoiding structural deformation or damage caused by uneven force. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the structure of a disintegration apparatus capable of eliminating water turbidity during the loess disintegration process.

[0027] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the filter structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a bottom filter type drainage pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the acrylic duckbill structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5Schematic diagram of the filter structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Among them: 1-data acquisition device; 2-camera; 3-bracket; 4-transparent water tank; 5-first filtered water tank; 6-second filtered water tank; 7-third filtered water tank; 8-first filter cotton; 9-second filter cotton; 10-third filter cotton; 11-water pipe with seepage holes; 12-plug; 13-bottom filter drainage pipe; 14-connecting pipe; 15-filtered water return pipe; 16-tension sensor; 17-connecting ring; 18-outlet pipe; 19-inlet pipe; 20-float; 21-wire rope; 22-loess sample; 23-filter screen; 24-water pump; 25-filter screen; 26-acrylic duckbill; 27-drain valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected" and "set" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixedly connected, set, or detachably connected, set, or connected and set in one piece. The terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. The terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described here can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific circumstances.

[0034] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0035] See also Figures 1 to 3In one embodiment of the present invention, a disintegration instrument capable of eliminating water turbidity during loess disintegration is provided, comprising a bracket 3, a transparent water tank 4, a camera 2 and a data acquisition device 1.

[0036] A water pump 24 is arranged in the transparent water tank 4; a plurality of stacked filter water tanks are arranged on the transparent water tank 4, and a water pipe 11 with seepage holes is arranged in the filter water tank on the top layer, and one end of the water pipe 11 with seepage holes is connected to a water outlet pipe 18 arranged on the water outlet of the water pump 24; a fully-paved filter cotton is arranged at the bottom of each filter water tank, and two adjacent layers of filter water tanks are connected by a bottom filter drainage pipe 13, and a connected filter water return pipe 15 is arranged on the blowing port of the bottom filter drainage pipe 13 of the bottom filter water tank, and the other end of the filter water return pipe 15 is located inside the transparent water tank 4; a tension sensor 16 is arranged on the bracket 3, a connecting ring 17 is arranged on the tension sensor 16, a filter screen 23 for carrying a loess sample 22 is arranged on the connecting ring 17, and the filter screen 23 is located inside the transparent water tank 4; the tension sensor 16 and a camera 2 for recording the disintegration process of the loess sample 22 are both connected to the data acquisition device 1.

[0037] The present invention can eliminate the turbidity of water during the disintegration of loess. By setting a water pump 24, a plurality of stacked filter water tanks, filter cotton, a bottom filter type drain pipe 13 and a filtered water return pipe 15 to form a circulating filtration system, the suspended sediment generated during the loess disintegration test can be effectively removed, the clarity of the water body can be maintained, and the accuracy of the test data can be ensured at the same time. Under the premise of not interfering with the disintegration test process, a data acquisition system can be formed by a tension sensor 16, a camera 2 and a data acquisition device 1 to capture and record the test phenomenon, providing researchers with more accurate data and more realistic experimental results. In addition, the device of the present invention also has the advantages of small size, easy to carry, high precision and fast water purification speed. The research and development of the present invention not only improves the reliability of the disintegration test, but also provides a powerful tool for further revealing the mechanism of loess disintegration. The research results have important practical significance for improving the disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities of the Loess Plateau.

[0038] In a possible implementation, three layers of stacked filtered water tanks are arranged on the transparent water tank 4 .

[0039] This stacking method not only saves space, but also makes the entire filtration system more compact and orderly.

[0040] Specifically, a layer of fully-paved first filter cotton 8 is laid at the bottom of the first filter water tank 5. The main function of this layer of filter cotton is to preliminarily filter out large particles of impurities in the water body. Through this layer of filtration, the burden of the subsequent filter layer can be effectively reduced, while maintaining the initial cleanliness of the water quality. A layer of fully-paved second filter cotton 9 is also set at the bottom of the second filter water tank 6, which can further remove fine impurities and suspended matter in the water body. At the bottom of the third filter water tank 7, a layer of fully-paved third filter cotton 10 is also set to further remove tiny particles remaining in the water body. Through the layer-by-layer filtration of these three layers of filter cotton, impurities and pollutants in the water body are effectively removed, and the water quality is significantly improved. This design also avoids problems such as insufficient filtration or blockage that may be caused by a single filter layer, ensuring the stable and reliable operation of the entire filtration system.

[0041] In a possible implementation manner, a plug 12 is provided on the end of the water pipe 11 with seepage holes; and a drain valve 27 is provided at the bottom of the transparent water tank 4 .

[0042] Explanatory, the plug 12 is provided to balance the water flow of each seepage hole on the seepage hole water pipe 11. The drain valve 27 is provided to realize the rapid emptying of the distilled water inside the transparent water tank 4.

[0043] In a possible implementation manner, an acrylic duckbill 26 is provided on one end of the filtered water return pipe 15 located inside the transparent water tank 4 .

[0044] Explanatory, see Figure 4 The design of the acrylic duckbill 26 can change the direction and shape of the water flow, so that the water flows out of the duckbill at a specific angle and flow rate, avoiding pushing the sediment at the bottom of the transparent water tank 4. This optimized water flow state not only improves the circulation efficiency of the water body, but also helps to maintain the cleanliness of the water body inside the water tank. At the same time, it reduces the friction and collision between the water flow and the water tank wall, reducing the impact on the loess disintegration process.

[0045] In a possible implementation, a water inlet pipe 19 is disposed on the water inlet of the water pump 24; a float 20 is disposed in the top opening of the water inlet pipe 19 and the float 20 is located above the filter screen 23, and a filter screen 25 is disposed on the bottom opening.

[0046] Specifically, a float 20 that can rise and fall freely with the change of water level can be provided to remove the foam generated by the disintegration of the loess sample 22 on the surface, as well as the lighter impurities contained therein. Figure 5 A filter screen 25 is provided on the bottom opening of the water inlet pipe 19 to prevent larger particles of debris from entering the interior of the water pump 24 .

[0047] In a possible implementation manner, a plurality of fill lights are arranged on the top of the transparent water tank 4 .

[0048] Explanatory, a plurality of fill lights are arranged on the top of the transparent water tank 4 to facilitate the camera 2 to record the disintegration process of the loess sample 22 and ensure the accuracy of the recorded data.

[0049] In a possible implementation, the top of the bracket 3 is at the same height as the bottom filter water tank, and the connecting ring 17 is located at the center of the top of the bracket 3; the connecting ring 17 is provided with a plurality of steel wire ropes 21, and the connecting ring 17 is connected to the filter screen 23 through the plurality of steel wire ropes 21.

[0050] Explanatory, the top of the bracket 3 and the bottom filter water tank are located at the same height, so that the whole device is more balanced in the vertical direction. This design helps to reduce the structural stress caused by the height difference, thereby improving the stability of the whole device. The connecting ring 17 is located at the top center of the bracket 3, providing a stable support point for the filter 23. This design allows the filter 23 to be evenly distributed when subjected to force, avoiding structural deformation or damage caused by uneven force.

[0051] The connecting ring 17 is connected to the filter screen 23 through a plurality of steel wire ropes 21. This design allows the height and position of the filter screen 23 to be adjusted as needed. This flexibility helps to adapt to different experimental conditions and improve the accuracy and reliability of the experiment. Exemplarily, the filter screen 23 is a square filter screen 23, and a plurality of steel wire ropes 21 are connected to the four corners of the filter screen 23.

[0052] In a possible implementation, the transparent water tank 4 is a glass water tank; the filter cotton is 10D thickened filter nano-cotton; the connecting ring 17 is a stainless steel ring; and the filter screen 23 is a stainless steel filter screen 23.

[0053] Exemplarily, the collection device of the tension sensor 16 uses the Donghua Test 24-channel stress-strain collection system with a collection frequency of 10Hz. The bracket 3 uses the Micro-Chu tripod produced by Shanghai Micro-Chu Trading Co., Ltd. The water pump 24 uses the Chuangning water pump 24, with a power of 3-10W and a size of 11×5.5×8.5cm. The filter screen 25 at the bottom of the water pump 24 is made of PVC material with a diameter of 2-2.5cm. The inner diameter of the acrylic duckbill 26 is 2.5cm. The wire rope 21 is made of stainless steel with a diameter of 0.3mm. The stainless steel filter screen 23 uses a mesh size of 10×10cm (length×width) and a mesh size of 1cm. The loess sample 22 uses 5×5×5cm (length×width×height). The outlet pipe 18 uses a PC tube with an outer diameter of 2cm and a thickness of 1mm. The filtered water return pipe 15 uses a PC tube with an outer diameter of 2.5cm and a thickness of 1mm. The sensitivity of the tension sensor 16 is 0.08mv / V, the measuring range is 50N, and the connecting ring 17 is a stainless steel ring. Water pipe with seepage hole 11: The water pipe is a PC pipe, with an outer diameter of 2cm and a thickness of 1mm. The seepage hole diameter is 2mm and the spacing is 1cm. The plug 12 is made of PC material and a plastic cap. Filter water tank: 3 pieces, PP material, a partitioned rectangular plastic box, 60×11.7×9cm (length×width×height). Bottom filter drainage pipe 13: PVC material, outer diameter 4.9cm, inner diameter 2.5cm. Filter cotton: 10D thickened filter nano cotton, thickness 2cm, length 25cm, width 11cm. Transparent water tank 4: 50×27×30cm (length×width×height), thickness 5mm. Fill light: Aluminum alloy shell material, telescopic length between 46-55cm, full spectrum. Camera 2: High-speed camera 2 of model SH6-504-M-160. Drain valve 27: PVC material, tower set, 4 points to 12 points, tower diameter 12mm, hole 30mm. Float 20: outer diameter 41mm, tube outer diameter 16mm, height 12.5cm, acrylic material.

[0054] In another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for using the above-mentioned disintegration apparatus capable of eliminating water turbidity during the loess disintegration process, comprising the following steps:

[0055] S1: inject distilled water into the transparent water tank 4.

[0056] S2: Adjust the water pump 24 until the water level of the distilled water in the transparent water tank 4 is in a balanced state.

[0057] S3: placing the loess sample 22 on the filter screen 23 , and recording the disintegration process of the loess sample 22 through the camera 2 and sending it to the data acquisition device 1 , and sending the real-time monitoring data of the tension sensor 16 to the data acquisition device 1 .

[0058] Exemplarily, the method for using the disintegration instrument of the present invention that can eliminate water turbidity during the loess disintegration process includes the following detailed steps:

[0059] 1. Install a disintegration instrument that can eliminate water turbidity during the loess disintegration process.

[0060] 2. Pour distilled water into the transparent water tank 4 to a height of 25 cm.

[0061] 3. Debug all equipment to ensure normal operation and that the float 20 can rise and fall freely with changes in water level.

[0062] 4. Adjust the working speed of the water pump 24 to a suitable gear (standard: in the transparent water tank 4, the upper water body is in a static state, and the water body coming out of the acrylic duckbill 26 makes the bottom water body dynamic). The water body flows in the device, causing the water level to drop, and continue to replenish the water source to the target height (25cm).

[0063] 6. The data acquisition device 1 is initialized.

[0064] 7. Place the loess sample 22 on the filter 23, turn on the camera 2, and the loess sample 22 begins to disintegrate. The disintegration process of the loess sample 22 is recorded by the camera 2, and real-time monitoring data is collected by the tension sensor 16. After the test, all equipment is turned off, except for the water pump 24. The water pump 24 must be turned off first to drain water through the water valve at the bottom of the transparent water tank 4.

[0065] 8. Export the recorded video or photos and the real-time monitoring data of the tension sensor 16. Open source software or PCC software corresponding to Phantom can be used for processing to obtain the disintegration state of the yellow sample in each frame of the image.

[0066] In a possible implementation, the method for using the disintegration apparatus capable of eliminating water turbidity during loess disintegration further includes the following steps:

[0067] The disintegration amount of loess sample 22 is obtained by the following formula:

[0068] D(t)=M0(1-e -λ·f(PAM)t )

[0069] Where D(t) represents the disintegration amount of the loess sample 22 at time t; M0 is the initial mass of the loess sample 22; λ is the inherent disintegration rate constant of the loess sample 22 in the natural state; f(PAM) is a function of the concentration or effect of the PAM flocculant, and its value range is 0 <f(PAM)≤1。

[0070] The disintegration rate of loess sample 22 was obtained by the following formula:

[0071]

[0072] in, is the disintegration rate of the loess sample 22 at time t, and M(t) represents the remaining undisintegrated mass of the loess sample 22 at time t, which is obtained according to the reading of the tension sensor 16.

[0073] Explanatory, the sample shapes used for disintegration experiments mainly include regular tetrahedron, regular hexahedron (cube), prism, prism, etc., and the regular hexahedron (cube) is usually used. Therefore, the disintegration amount and disintegration rate of loess sample 22 are calculated here with the most commonly used regular hexahedron (cube) sample shape.

[0074] First, the disintegration rate is defined as the ratio of the mass of the saturated loess sample 22 that has disintegrated at a certain moment during the disintegration process of the loess sample 22 to the mass of the loess sample 22 when saturated (that is, the maximum value reached by the loess sample 22 during the disintegration process), which is used to describe the disintegration process of the loess sample 22.

[0075] For explanation, take a regular hexahedron as an example: loess sample 22 is a regular hexahedron with a side length of L. Thus, its surface area A (in m) can be calculated. 2 ):

[0076] A=6L 2

[0077] Volume V (unit: m 3 ):

[0078] V=L 3

[0079] The mass of the sample is M (in kg), assuming that the saturated dry density of loess sample 22 is ρ sat :

[0080] M=ρ sat ·L 3

[0081] Specific surface area SSA (unit: m 2 / kg), defined as the surface area per unit mass:

[0082]

[0083] The undisintegrated sample mass M(t) is measured by the tension sensor 16, and the relationship between it and the reading S(t) of the tension sensor 16 is:

[0084]

[0085] Among them, ρ w is the density of water, kg / m 3 .

[0086] The reading S(t) of the tension sensor 16 gradually decreases as the sample disintegrates. The disintegration rate is the mass of the sample disintegrated per unit time during the disintegration process. The change in the mass of the sample can be expressed as:

[0087]

[0088] Explanatory, the disintegration rate R(t) is the mass of soil disintegrated per unit time, in kg / s.

[0089] The disintegration rate is usually related to the exposed surface area of ​​the sample, the water flow velocity, and the specific surface area of ​​the soil particles. Assuming that the disintegration rate R(t) is related to the exposed surface area, the specific surface area SSA, the water flow velocity v (determined by the water flow rate Q and the water flow cross-sectional area a), and the particle characteristics (such as particle size D and water viscosity μ), it can be described by the following formula:

[0090]

[0091] Where k1 is a constant representing the properties of the water flow, sample, and particles. g(D,μ) is a function that describes the migration and diffusion characteristics of particles and depends on the particle size D and the viscosity of water μ.

[0092] Substituting the specific surface area SSA into the formula:

[0093]

[0094] Since the sample mass M(t) changes with time, the reading S(t) of the tension sensor 16 also changes with time. The sample mass M(t) and the reading S(t) of the tension sensor 16 have the following relationship:

[0095]

[0096] The change in soil mass can be expressed by the disintegration rate R(t):

[0097]

[0098] Substituting into the above disintegration rate formula, we get:

[0099]

[0100] In the water flow, the disintegrated soil particles will diffuse with the water flow and eventually be removed by the filtration device. The change of soil particle concentration C(t) over time satisfies the following material balance equation:

[0101]

[0102] Among them, V w is the volume of water (in m 3), k2 is the removal rate constant of the filtration device (in 1 / s).

[0103] Disintegration can be defined as the mass or volume loss over time t:

[0104] D(t)=M0-M(t)

[0105] If it is known that M(t) is a function of time, the disintegration rate per unit time can be expressed as The amount of disintegration can be solved by integration:

[0106]

[0107] If it is assumed that the disintegration behavior of loess changes under the action of flocculants, the formula can be modified. For example, assuming that the flocculant introduces a correction factor f(PAM), the disintegration rate is:

[0108]

[0109] Where λ is the intrinsic disintegration rate constant of loess in its natural state, usually λ≈0.001~0.01h -1 ; f(PAM) is a function of the concentration or effect of the PAM flocculant, usually satisfying 0 <f(PAM)≤1。

[0110] The corrected undisintegrated sample mass function M(t) is:

[0111] M(t)=M0e -λ·f(PAM)t

[0112] Then the disintegration amount D(t) becomes:

[0113]

[0114] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0115] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A disintegration apparatus capable of eliminating water turbidity during loess disintegration, characterized in that: It comprises a bracket (3), a transparent water tank (4), a camera (2) and a data acquisition device (1); A water pump (24) is arranged in the transparent water tank (4); a plurality of stacked filter water tanks are arranged on the transparent water tank (4), and a water pipe (11) with seepage holes is arranged in the filter water tank on the top layer, and one end of the water pipe (11) with seepage holes is connected to a water outlet pipe (18) arranged on the water outlet of the water pump (24); a fully paved filter cotton is arranged at the bottom of each filter water tank, and two adjacent filter water tanks are connected via a bottom filter type drainage pipe (13), and a filter water return pipe (15) connected to the bottom filter type drainage pipe (13) of the filter water tank on the bottom layer is arranged at the water outlet, and the other end of the filter water return pipe (15) is located inside the transparent water tank (4); A tension sensor (16) is arranged on the bracket (3), a connecting ring (17) is arranged on the tension sensor (16), a filter screen (23) for carrying a loess sample (22) is arranged on the connecting ring (17), and the filter screen (23) is located inside the transparent water tank (4); The tension sensor (16) and a camera (2) for recording the disintegration process of the loess sample (22) are both connected to the data acquisition device (1).

2. The disintegration apparatus capable of eliminating water turbidity during loess disintegration according to claim 1, characterized in that: Three layers of stacked filtering water tanks are arranged on the transparent water tank (4).

3. The disintegration apparatus capable of eliminating water turbidity during loess disintegration according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plug (12) is provided at the end of the water pipe (11) containing seepage holes; and a drainage valve (27) is provided at the bottom of the transparent water tank (4).

4. The disintegration apparatus capable of eliminating water turbidity during loess disintegration according to claim 1, characterized in that: An acrylic duckbill (26) is provided on one end of the filtered water return pipe (15) located inside the transparent water tank (4).

5. The disintegration apparatus capable of eliminating water turbidity during loess disintegration according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water inlet pipe (19) is arranged on the water inlet of the water pump (24); a float (20) is arranged in the top opening of the water inlet pipe (19), and the float (20) is located above the filter screen (23); and a filter screen (25) is arranged on the bottom opening.

6. The disintegration apparatus capable of eliminating water turbidity during loess disintegration according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of fill lights are arranged on the top of the transparent water tank (4).

7. The disintegration apparatus capable of eliminating water turbidity during loess disintegration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the support (3) and the bottom filter water tank are located at the same height, and the connecting ring (17) is located at the center of the top of the support (3); the connecting ring (17) is provided with a plurality of steel wire ropes (21), and the connecting ring (17) is connected to the filter screen (23) through the plurality of steel wire ropes (21).

8. The disintegration apparatus capable of eliminating water turbidity during loess disintegration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transparent water tank (4) is a glass water tank; the filter cotton is 10D thickened filter nano-cotton; the connecting ring (17) is a stainless steel ring; and the filter screen (23) is a stainless steel filter screen (23).

9. A method for using the disintegration instrument capable of eliminating water turbidity during the loess disintegration process according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: Injecting distilled water into the transparent water tank (4); Adjusting the water pump (24) until the water level of the distilled water in the transparent water tank (4) is in a balanced state; A loess sample (22) is placed on a filter (23), and the disintegration process of the loess sample (22) is recorded by a camera (2) and sent to a data acquisition device (1), and real-time monitoring data of a tension sensor (16) is sent to the data acquisition device (1).

10. The method for using the disintegration apparatus capable of eliminating water turbidity during the loess disintegration process according to claim 9, characterized in that: Also includes: The disintegration amount of loess sample (22) was obtained by the following formula: D(t)=M0(1-e -λ·f(PAM)t ) Wherein, D(t) represents the disintegration amount of loess sample (22) at time t; M0 is the initial mass of loess sample (22); λ is the intrinsic disintegration rate constant of loess sample (22) under natural conditions; f(PAM) is a function of the concentration or effect of PAM flocculant, and its value range is 0 <f(PAM)≤1; The disintegration rate of loess sample (22) was obtained by the following formula: in, is the disintegration rate of the loess sample (22) at time t, and M(t) represents the remaining undisintegrated mass of the loess sample (22) at time t, which is obtained based on the reading of the tension sensor (16).

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