Method for improving green and high-yield planting of brewing sorghum

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving green and high-yield planting of brewing sorghum. The method comprises the steps that 1, unreclaimed original soil is collected, and the nutrition and microelement conditions of the unreclaimed original soil are detected; weeds are harvested on the newly-cultivated land and smashed, a microbial decomposition agent is added, and the land is turned up; 2, a water and fertilizer integrated precise fertilization mode of a soil testing formula is carried out, precise fertilization is carried out in a drip irrigation mode in the sowing period and different growth periods of sorghum, and different fertilizers are used for fertilization and soil disease prevention and control according to the growth law of the sorghum. Different fertilizers are prepared for fertilization according to the requirements of sorghum for nutrients in different growth periods, and chemical fertilizers are partially replaced by amino acid fertilizers and soluble organic matters, so that the use amount of the fertilizers is more accurate, and the purpose of reducing the chemical fertilizers is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for planting wine sorghum, and in particular to a method for improving the green and high-yield planting of wine sorghum. Background Art

[0002] In China, 80% of sorghum is used for brewing. Therefore, in recent years, domestic sorghum has been in short supply. Reclamation of new arable land is one of the important measures to ensure food security. However, newly reclaimed arable land often has low fertility and is not suitable for growing crops. Therefore, it is necessary to explore sorghum planting methods to improve sorghum yield and quality.

[0003] International patent PCT / CN2014 / 080806 discloses a method for planting sorghum for brewing, which includes applying sorghum-specific organic fertilizer before sowing, seedling raising and transplanting, and during jointing, booting, grain filling and ear-grain stages. The sorghum-specific organic fertilizer is made from residual base material after houseflies are bred in liquor lees and other organic fertilizers. Although the technical solution of the invention can increase the yield of sorghum for brewing, its weight is reduced in terms of its thousand-grain weight, so the quality of sorghum cannot be improved.

[0004] Chinese patent CN201410783595.2 discloses a method for planting sorghum for brewing, which comprises applying a fertilizer prepared by mixing JT bacterial liquid with decomposed chicken manure and pig manure before planting, using Bacillus thuringiensis insecticide in the seedling stage, carrying out biological control by using JT bacterial liquid and Bacillus thuringiensis insecticide, etc., and carrying out comprehensive control in combination with low-toxic chemical pesticides that are not prone to residue, which can effectively control various biological diseases during sorghum planting and protect the growth environment of sorghum. At the same time, JT bacterial liquid can improve the biological community of the soil and increase the absorption of nutrients by sorghum. Fertilization is carried out reasonably at various stages of planting, and urea is applied in the seedling stage, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed to ensure sufficient fertilizer. In order to increase the yield, a new planting density of 4,000 to 5,000 plants per mu is adopted, which can maximize the yield. In order to further increase the yield, gibberellins are used to treat the sorghum ear and flag leaf in the flowering stage, which has the effect of increasing the grain weight and the number of grains. Although the patent describes that not only the yield increase is achieved, but also less pesticide residue is ensured, making the brewed wine more fragrant and delicious, no relevant experimental data is given, and the yield increase is unclear. In addition, it cannot improve the quality of sorghum.

[0005] Chinese patent CN202410843696.8 discloses a cultivation method and application for increasing the added value of sorghum products. During the entire cultivation period, the total amount of fertilizer applied is: 160-200 kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen fertilizer 2 , Phosphate fertilizer 70~80kg / hm 2 , Potassium fertilizer 90~110kg / hm 2; The ratio of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer to organic nitrogen fertilizer in nitrogen fertilizer is 6-8:2-4, and 50% of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, organic nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are used as base fertilizer, and the remaining 50% of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer is applied at the heading stage. This method can improve the yield and quality of wine sorghum by adjusting the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and can also improve the soluble sugar content and starch content in wine sorghum grains, and control the protein content and tannin content within a certain range, which is conducive to subsequent fermentation and winemaking. In addition, the method of this patent can also increase the crude protein content in wine sorghum straw, reduce the content of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, and improve the feed utilization rate of poultry and livestock. However, the effect of this technical solution on starch is only to increase the total starch content, and the effect on the soil system is also unclear.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method that can improve the yield and quality of brewing sorghum while improving soil fertility to provide a good soil environment for subsequent crop planting.

[0007] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute the prior art known to ordinary technicians in the field. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the green and high-yield planting of brewing sorghum, which can improve the yield and quality of brewing sorghum while improving soil fertility and providing a good soil environment for subsequent planting of crops.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for improving the green and high-yield planting of brewing sorghum, the method comprising:

[0010] Step 1: Collect the original uncultivated soil to test its nutrition and trace element status; harvest the weeds on the newly reclaimed land, crush them, add microbial composting agents, and turn the soil;

[0011] Step 2: Carry out precision fertilization mode of integrated water and fertilizer based on soil testing and formula, use drip irrigation to carry out precision fertilization during the sowing period and different growth periods of sorghum, and use different fertilizers according to the growth law of sorghum for fertilization and soil disease prevention and control;

[0012] During the sowing period: according to the content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and boron in the newly reclaimed soil, if the organic matter content is less than 20g / kg, the total nitrogen content is less than 1g / kg, the total phosphorus content is less than 0.6g / kg, and the boron content is less than 1mg / kg, then drip irrigation of water-soluble organic fertilizers, high-nitrogen and high-phosphorus fertilizers, and water-soluble fertilizers containing boron trace elements should be applied after sowing;

[0013] At the seedling stage: regulate the supply of N and P and keep the soil moist by drip irrigation of water-soluble organic soil conditioning solvents, drought-resistant water-retaining agents containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents, and water-soluble NPK fertilizers;

[0014] During the jointing stage: drip irrigation of organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrients, drought-resistant water-retaining agents containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents, and water-soluble NPK fertilizers; wherein the amount of the water-soluble NPK fertilizer used during the jointing stage is 3 to 4 times that of the seedling stage;

[0015] During the heading period: regulate the supply of N, P and K, spray foliar fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water-soluble NPK fertilizers at least once, and spray foliar fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate at least once more after heading;

[0016] During the maturity period: drip irrigation of organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrients, drought-resistant and water-retaining agents containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents.

[0017] Preferably, in step one, the microbial composting agent is a straw composting agent.

[0018] Preferably, in step one, the dosage of the microbial composting agent is 2 kg / mu.

[0019] Preferably, in step one, 0 to 30 cm of uncultivated original soil is collected to detect its nutrition and trace element status.

[0020] Preferably, in step 2, the fertilization conditions at each period are:

[0021] During the sowing period, the organic matter of the organic fertilizer is greater than 40%; or / and the total nitrogen of the high-nitrogen and high-phosphorus fertilizer is greater than 45%, and the total phosphorus is greater than 20%; or / and the pure boron content of the boron-containing trace element water-soluble fertilizer is greater than 21%, and the boric acid content is ≥99%;

[0022] At the seedling stage, the organic matter of the organic soil conditioning water solvent is ≥200g / L, and the amino acid is ≥110g / L; or / and, in the drought-resistant water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents, 3% γ-polyglutamic acid is ≥70g / L, and the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis is ≥100 million / mL; or / and, the water-soluble NPK fertilizer contains 20% N, 20% P2O5, and 20% K2O;

[0023] In the jointing stage, the amino acid content of the organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient is ≥100 g / L, and the trace elements are ≥20 g / L; or / and, in the drought-resistant water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents, 3% γ-polyglutamic acid is ≥70 g / L, and the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis is ≥100 million / mL; or / and, the water-soluble NPK fertilizer contains 20% N, 20% P2O5, and 20% K2O;

[0024] During the heading period, the water-soluble NPK fertilizer contains 20% N, 20% P2O5, and 20% K2O;

[0025] During the maturity period, the amino acids in the organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient are ≥100g / L, and the trace elements are ≥20g / L; or / and, in the drought-resistant and water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents, 3% γ-polyglutamic acid is ≥70g / L, and the effective live bacteria count of Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis is ≥100 million / mL.

[0026] Preferably, the usage amount of the drought-resistant and water-retaining agent in the seedling stage, jointing stage and maturity stage is the same.

[0027] Preferably, the minimum dosage of the organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient in the jointing stage is greater than the maximum dosage in the maturity stage.

[0028] Preferably, in step 2, the fertilization conditions at each period are:

[0029] During the sowing period, the amount of organic fertilizer used is 1.5 kg / mu; or / and, the amount of high-nitrogen and high-phosphorus fertilizer used is 1.5 kg / mu; or / and, the amount of boron-containing trace element water-soluble fertilizer used is 500 g / mu;

[0030] During the seedling emergence period, the amount of the organic soil conditioning water solvent is 2 kg / mu; or / and, the amount of the drought-resistant water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents is 1 kg / mu; or / and, the amount of the water-soluble NPK fertilizer is 1 kg / mu;

[0031] During the jointing stage, the dosage of the organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient is 1.5 kg / mu; or / and, the dosage of the drought-resistant water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents is 1 kg / mu; or / and, the dosage of the water-soluble NPK fertilizer is 3 kg / mu;

[0032] During the heading period, spray foliar fertilizer of 1.5 g / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2 kg / mu of water-soluble NPK fertilizer at least once, and spray foliar fertilizer of 1.5 g / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate at least once again after heading.

[0033] Preferably, the organic fertilizer is selected from Shenchu ​​biological organic fertilizer powder; or / and, the boron-containing trace element water-soluble fertilizer is selected from Tianpeng trace element water-soluble fertilizer; or / and, the drought-resistant water-retaining agent is selected from Jixiangyu biological drought-resistant water-retaining agent; or / and, the water-soluble NPK fertilizer is selected from "Zhubang" balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer; or / and, the organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient is selected from Jixiangyu organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient.

[0034] Preferably, the drip irrigation spacing is 35cm×20cm, and the irrigation time is 4 hours; or / and, the sorghum planting row spacing is 35cm, and the plant spacing is 20cm; or / and, the sorghum is the Jinnuoliang No. 1 sorghum variety.

[0035] The method for improving the green and high-yield planting of brewing sorghum of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0036] (1) The present invention configures different fertilizers for fertilization according to the nutrient requirements of sorghum at different growth stages, and partially replaces chemical fertilizers with amino acid fertilizers and soluble organic matter, so that the fertilizer dosage is more accurate, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing chemical fertilizers;

[0037] (2) Compared with other traditional planting technologies, the present invention can significantly increase the yield of sorghum by using drip irrigation technology, with an increase of 48.37%. It also improves the emergence rate, ear length and plant height of sorghum. The drip irrigation system can accurately control the nutrient supply, avoid nutrient loss, and keep the plant roots in the best nutrient supply state;

[0038] (3) The present invention uses drip irrigation technology to improve the nutritional components of sorghum. The starch content in sorghum is increased by 4.58%, the proportion of amylopectin in the drip irrigation group is greater than 95%, and other nutrients such as protein, ash and tannin content are also increased by 8.87%, 8.07% and 12.59% respectively, while the lipid content is reduced to less than 4%, which is more conducive to the improvement of the quality and yield of liquor.

[0039] (4) After planting sorghum with drip irrigation technology, the activities of polyphenol oxidase and urease in the soil were significantly improved, which can better decompose and release the organic nutrients in the soil and improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, thereby improving soil vitality and meeting the sustainable development of newly reclaimed land;

[0040] (5) The present invention can achieve rapid fertilizer effect, increase sorghum yield and reduce the application of chemical fertilizers, thus meeting the concept of "ecological winemaking".

[0041] Description of the accompanying tables and graphs

[0042] Figure 1 These are the agronomic traits of sorghum in the drip irrigation group and the control group in Experimental Example 1 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2The nutrient content of sorghum in the drip irrigation group and the control group in Experimental Example 1 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 3 This is the difference in soil enzyme activity under different irrigation modes in Experimental Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] It should be noted that if the specific conditions are not specified in the examples, the experiments were carried out according to conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturers of the reagents or instruments are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased from the market.

[0047] In the present invention, all features defined in the form of numerical ranges or percentage ranges, such as values, quantities, contents and concentrations, are only for brevity and convenience. Accordingly, the description of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be considered to have included and specifically disclosed all possible secondary ranges and individual values ​​within the range (including integers and fractions).

[0048] The features mentioned in the present invention can be combined arbitrarily, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these features, all possible combinations should be considered as the scope of this specification. Each feature disclosed in the specification can be replaced by any alternative feature that can provide the same, equal or similar purpose. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the disclosed features are only general examples of equal or similar features.

[0049] Example 1 Method for Improving Green and High-yield Planting of Brewing Sorghum

[0050] The method for improving the green and high-yield planting of brewing sorghum is as follows:

[0051] Step 1: Land preparation

[0052] The five-point sampling method is adopted to collect the soil at a depth of 0 to 30 cm at five sites of uncultivated land. The soil at multiple depths of 0 to 30 cm at each site is mixed as a sample to detect its nutrition and trace element status (Table 1). The measured soil conditions show that the organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and boron content in the soil are very low, so as to test the soil and formulate fertilization in a targeted manner. At the same time, the weeds on the ground are crushed by a machine, and 2 kg / mu of microbial composting agent is evenly sprinkled on the crushed weeds, and the crushed weeds and the composting agent are covered with soil. The present invention increases the organic matter content of the soil by harvesting weeds on the newly reclaimed land, crushing them, and adding composting agents. Among them, the microbial composting agent is selected from the straw composting agent (purchased from Chengdu Huahong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.).

[0053] Table 1 shows the soil nutrients and trace element contents in the uncultivated land in Experimental Example 1 of the present invention

[0054]

[0055] Step 2: Drip irrigation installation and sowing

[0056] The water-fertilizer integrated precision fertilization mode of soil testing formula is carried out, and its mode is fixed ground drip irrigation. The main technical parameters of the drip irrigation facilities are: the drip irrigation spacing is 35cm×20cm, the irrigation time is 4 hours; the planting row spacing is 35cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, and 3 brewing sorghum seeds are sown in each planting hole, specifically the Jinnuoliang No. 1 sorghum variety is used.

[0057] Step 3: Fertilization

[0058] The growth period of sorghum is the seedling stage, jointing stage, heading stage and maturity stage. Different fertilizers are used according to its growth law for fertilization and soil disease prevention and control. Among them, amino acid fertilizers and soluble organic matter are used to partially replace chemical fertilizers to achieve the purpose of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers and increasing their efficiency. In addition, polyglutamic acid is added to improve the drought resistance and stress resistance of crops, improve the dissolution, transportation and absorption of fertilizers, and allow crop roots to effectively absorb trace elements in the soil. At the same time, functional microbial agents are added to control soil diseases and promote soil vitality. The fertilizers and microbial agents used in the present invention are all provided by Chengdu Huahong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0059] During the sowing period: sowing in mid-May, drip irrigation was carried out after sowing. The content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and boron in the newly reclaimed soil is very low (Table 1), so drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer Shenchu ​​biological organic fertilizer powder (organic matter>40%, registration certificate number: Microbial Fertilizer (2018) Standard (3811) No.) 1.5 kg / mu, high nitrogen and high phosphorus fertilizer (total nitrogen>45%, total phosphorus>20%, registration certificate number: Agricultural Fertilizer (2015) Standard (4599) No.) 1.5 kg / mu, Tianpeng trace element water-soluble fertilizer (pure boron content>21%, boric acid content≥99%) 500g / mu were used to ensure sufficient nutrient content in the soil.

[0060] At the seedling stage: In early June, drip irrigation was used to apply organic soil conditioning water solvent (organic matter ≥ 200g / L, amino acid ≥ 110g / L, registration certificate number: Agricultural fertilizer (2015) standard word 4539) 2 kg / mu, Jixiangyu biological drought resistance water retention agent 1 kg / mu (3% γ-polyglutamic acid ≥ 70g / L, effective viable bacteria count of Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis ≥ 100 million / mL, registration certificate number: Microbial fertilizer (2018) standard word (2860)) and "Zhubang" balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer (20% N+20% P2O5+20% K2O, registration certificate number: Agricultural fertilizer (2015) standard word (4599)) 1 kg / mu. Sorghum seedlings grow slowly and have low nutrient requirements, but are highly sensitive to nutrients, especially the supply of N and P. In addition, attention should be paid to preventing soil drought, which leads to poor growth of seedlings.

[0061] In the jointing stage: in early July, drip irrigation of Jixiangyu organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient (amino acid ≥ 100g / L, trace elements ≥ 20g / L, registration number: Agricultural fertilizer (2007) standard (0791)) 1.5 kg / mu, Jixiangyu biological drought-resistant water-retaining agent 1 kg / mu (3% γ-polyglutamic acid ≥ 70g / L, effective viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis ≥ 100 million / mL, registration number: Microbial fertilizer (2018) standard (2860)) and "Zhubang" balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer (20% N+20% P2O5+20% K2O, registration number: Agricultural fertilizer (2015) standard (4599)) 3 kg / mu. During the jointing stage of sorghum, the growth rate is the fastest, the stems and leaves grow rapidly, and the demand for nutrition increases accordingly. The absorption of nutrients at this stage is three times that of the seedling stage. Therefore, the nutrient status during this period plays a decisive role in yield.

[0062] At the heading stage: At the end of July, spray foliar fertilizer (potassium dihydrogen phosphate ≥ 98%) 1.5g / mu and "Zhubang" balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer (20% N + 20% P2O5 + 20% K2O, registration certificate number: Agricultural Fertilizer (2015) Standard No. (4599)) 2 kg / mu, and spray foliar fertilizer (potassium dihydrogen phosphate ≥ 98%) 1.5g / mu again after heading. N, P, and K all play an important regulatory role in the heading stage of sorghum. Under sufficient nitrogen supply conditions, it can promote the formation of more spikelets in young ears. Adequate phosphorus increases the weight of grains. Potassium can enhance the strength of the stalks and enhance lodging resistance. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be absorbed and used by plants, which can quickly activate a variety of plant enzymes, accelerate metabolism, make crops have developed root systems, large ears, heavy grains, and resistance to diseases and stress, which can greatly improve the quality of agricultural products and increase yields.

[0063] During the maturity period: In mid-August, drip irrigation of Jixiangyu biological drought-resistant water-retaining agent 1 kg / mu (3% γ-polyglutamic acid ≥ 70g / L, effective live bacteria count of Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis ≥ 100 million / mL, registration certificate number: Microbial fertilizer (2018) standard (2860)) 1 kg / mu and Jixiangyu organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient (amino acid ≥ 100g / L, trace elements ≥ 20g / L, registration certificate number: Agricultural fertilizer (2007) standard (0791)) 1 kg / mu. During the maturity period, the nutrition is sufficient and the grains will become larger and fuller. During this period, plants not only need to continuously absorb nutrients from the soil, but also transport the nutrients stored in the nutritional organs into the plant body. At the same time, the summer temperature is high, and if there is no rain, little rain or precipitation is not timely, summer drought will form.

[0064] Experimental Example 1 Effects of water-fertilizer integration on agricultural traits of sorghum

[0065] Shuiyankou Village, Longpan Town, Jialing District, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, China (30°85′14″N, 105°89′48″E) was selected as an experimental base for implementing the method of the present invention. The experimental field in this area was divided into two areas, each with 10 mu. One area used the drip irrigation of the present invention as a drip irrigation group, and the other area used flood irrigation as a control group. The amount and type of fertilizers applied in the two methods were the same.

[0066] 1) Effects of water-fertilizer integration on agricultural traits of sorghum

[0067] After sorghum matured, three plants / 1m2 were randomly selected from two plots. 2 The data of ear length (cm) and plant height (PH) were measured with a tape measure. The ear length is the length from the top of the ear to the bottom of the ear, and the plant height is the length from the soil surface to the top of the ear. The seedling emergence rate (%) was calculated using the ratio of the total number of seedlings per unit area to the number of seeds sown.

[0068] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that the emergence rate of sorghum planted by drip irrigation technology is higher than that of conventional irrigation, indicating that the use of drip irrigation precision fertilization during the sowing period can meet the nutritional needs of sorghum seeds and improve the survival rate. After the sorghum matures, its ear length and plant height are also 10.33% and 5.68% higher than those of conventional irrigation, indicating that the quality of sorghum can be improved by configuring different fertilizers for fertilization according to the nutrient requirements of sorghum at different growth stages. In addition, the sorghum yield of the control group was 523 catties / mu, and the sorghum yield of the drip irrigation group was 776 catties / mu, an increase of 48.37%. The above results show that sorghum grows well under drip irrigation conditions and increases yield. Drip irrigation can better manage fertilizers and distribute nutrients more effectively, thereby reducing crop stress, improving crop quality, and increasing yield uniformity.

[0069] 2) Effects of water-fertilizer integration on sorghum nutritional components

[0070] After sorghum matured, all sorghum fruits under different irrigation methods were collected to determine the nutritional components of sorghum. The contents of amylopectin and amylose in sorghum were determined by dual-wavelength spectrophotometry, and the sum of amylopectin and amylose contents was determined as the total starch content. The protein, lipid, ash and tannin contents of sorghum were determined by GB 5009.5-2016 Kjeldahl method, GB 5009.6-2016 Soxhlet extraction method, GB5009.4-2016 burning method and GB / T 15686-2008 ammonium ferric citrate colorimetric method, respectively.

[0071] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the nutritional components of sorghum show significant differences under the two irrigation methods. Under drip irrigation conditions, the amylopectin content of sorghum is 74.03% and the total starch content is 77.41%. Under conventional irrigation, the amylopectin content of sorghum is 70.21% and the total starch content is 74.02%. In brewing sorghum, starch not only provides the energy required for the growth and metabolism of fermentation microorganisms, but also is the main component of alcohol (ethanol) and the fermentation substrate for some flavor precursors. The higher the total starch content, the greater the proportion of amylopectin, which will be beneficial to improve the wine yield and extract flavor substances. Under drip irrigation conditions, the amylopectin content of sorghum accounts for 95.63% of the total starch content, while it is 94.85% under conventional irrigation. Among the brewing raw materials for liquor, high-quality glutinous sorghum generally requires amylopectin content of more than 95%, and sorghum planted using the method of the present invention can meet this requirement.

[0072] The contents of protein, lipid, tannin, crude fiber and ash in sorghum are 9.08%, 3.89%, 1.52% and 1.74% respectively under drip irrigation conditions. Under conventional irrigation conditions, they are 8.34%, 4.11%, 1.35% and 1.61% respectively. Protein is an important source of precursors of higher alcohols and Maillard reaction, and the protein content in sorghum for wine is significantly positively correlated with the wine yield. The lipids in sorghum form various products through oxidation degradation and hydrolysis, which are one of the sources of flavor substances and flavor precursors in wine. However, the volatile substances produced by lipids have many miscellaneous flavors and bad flavors, which have a great impact on the quality of wine. In addition, too much lipid can easily make the wine turbid when it is cooled. Generally, the lipid content of sorghum used for liquor brewing is ≤4.0%. Tannin, as a sorghum-specific substance, is an indispensable source of unique flavor substances and functional substances in liquor. Its content, structure and degree of polymerization have a direct or indirect impact on the quality of liquor. Ash generally refers to mineral elements such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and silicon contained in the raw materials. In the process of liquor brewing, inorganic components are indispensable nutrients for the growth and metabolism of brewing microorganisms and are components of many enzymes.

[0073] In summary, sorghum grown under drip irrigation conditions is more suitable for brewing liquor, which can improve the quality and yield of liquor.

[0074] 3) Effects of water-fertilizer integration on soil enzyme activities in sorghum planting areas

[0075] After sorghum harvest, rhizosphere soil of the control group and drip irrigation group was collected. For each irrigation method, five-point sampling method was used to collect soil for determination. At each site, soils at multiple depths of 0 to 30 cm were mixed as one sample. All soil samples were sieved through a 1 cm sieve and then stored at 4 °C until use for determination of soil enzyme activity.

[0076] Urease, catalase and polyphenol oxidase in soil were measured by indigo blue colorimetry, potassium permanganate titration and pyrogallic acid oxidation method, respectively, as follows:

[0077] Urease activity (UE): Place 5 g of soil in a 50 mL flask, add 1 mL of toluene to the soil in the flask, and leave for about 15 minutes until the toluene completely penetrates the soil. Then, add 20 mL of potassium citrate-citric acid buffer (pH 6.7) and 10 mL of 10% urea solution. Stopper the flask, shake it, and then incubate it at 37°C for 24 hours. At the same time, a control is performed, using 10 mL of distilled water instead of urea. After incubation, filter the contents of the flask. The ammonia released by the hydrolysis of urea in the filtrate is determined by the indophenol blue colorimetric method.

[0078] Catalase activity (CAT): 2 g soil, 40 mL distilled water and 5 mL 0.3% H2O2 were shaken at 25°C for 20 min. After filtration, 5 mL 1.5 mol / L H2SO4 was added to 10 mL of the extract and the remaining H2O2 was determined with 0.1 mol / L potassium permanganate solution. Catalase activity was expressed by titration with 0.1 mol / L potassium permanganate solution.

[0079] Polyphenol oxidase activity (PPO): A mixture of 1 g soil and 10 mL of 1% pyrogallic acid was incubated at 30°C, 4 mL of sodium dihydrogen phosphate-citrate buffer (pH 4.5) was added after 2 hours, and then shikonin was extracted with ether. The activity was then measured at 430 nm using a spectrophotometer.

[0080] Soil enzyme activity affects soil nutrient conversion capacity and is a potential factor affecting soil fertility. Figure 3 It can be seen that after planting sorghum, the enzyme activities in both groups of soil increased significantly. Compared with wasteland, the activities of soil polyphenol oxidase, catalase and urease in conventional irrigation methods increased by 93.01%, 138.58% and 187.83%. The drip irrigation method increased by 132.36%, 170.19% and 238.90% respectively. Soil catalase is an oxidoreductase produced by plants or microorganisms, which plays an important role in the material cycle of soil ecosystems. It can catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the soil into water and oxygen, thereby eliminating and reducing the harm of hydrogen peroxide. Soil urease is an important component of the soil ecosystem and plays an important role in soil material transformation and energy metabolism. As the driving force of soil metabolism, it can catalyze the hydrolysis of urea in the soil into ammonia, which is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of the ecological environment and soil fertility. Therefore, the use of the method of the present invention not only improves the fertility of newly reclaimed soil but also provides a good soil environment for subsequent crop planting.

[0081] Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be appreciated that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. After reading the above content, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and substitutions of the present invention will occur. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be limited by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for improving the green and high-yield planting of brewing sorghum, characterized in that: The method includes: Step 1: Collect the original uncultivated soil to test its nutrition and trace element status; harvest the weeds on the newly reclaimed land, crush them, add microbial composting agents, and turn the soil; Step 2: Carry out precision fertilization mode of integrated water and fertilizer based on soil testing and formula, use drip irrigation to carry out precision fertilization during the sowing period and different growth periods of sorghum, and use different fertilizers according to the growth law of sorghum for fertilization and soil disease prevention and control; During the sowing period: according to the content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and boron in the newly reclaimed soil, if the organic matter content is less than 20g / kg, the total nitrogen content is less than 1g / kg, the total phosphorus content is less than 0.6g / kg, and the boron content is less than 1mg / kg, then drip irrigation of water-soluble organic fertilizers, high-nitrogen and high-phosphorus fertilizers, and water-soluble fertilizers containing boron trace elements should be applied after sowing; At the seedling stage: regulate the supply of N and P and keep the soil moist by drip irrigation of water-soluble organic soil conditioning solvents, drought-resistant water-retaining agents containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents, and water-soluble NPK fertilizers; During the jointing stage: drip irrigation of organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrients, drought-resistant water-retaining agents containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents, and water-soluble NPK fertilizers; wherein the amount of the water-soluble NPK fertilizer used during the jointing stage is 3 to 4 times that of the seedling stage; During the heading period: regulate the supply of N, P and K, spray foliar fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water-soluble NPK fertilizers at least once, and spray foliar fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate at least once more after heading; During the maturity period: drip irrigation of organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrients, drought-resistant and water-retaining agents containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents.

2. The method for improving the green and high-yield planting of brewing sorghum according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, the microbial composting agent is a straw composting agent.

3. The method for improving the green and high-yield planting of brewing sorghum according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step one, the dosage of the microbial composting agent is 2 kg / mu.

4. The method for improving the green and high-yield planting of brewing sorghum according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, 0 to 30 cm of uncultivated original soil is collected to detect its nutrient and trace element status.

5. The method for improving the green and high-yield planting of brewing sorghum according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the fertilization conditions at each period are as follows: During the sowing period, the organic matter of the organic fertilizer is greater than 40%; or / and the total nitrogen of the high-nitrogen and high-phosphorus fertilizer is greater than 45%, and the total phosphorus is greater than 20%; or / and the pure boron content of the boron-containing trace element water-soluble fertilizer is greater than 21%, and the boric acid content is ≥99%; At the seedling stage, the organic matter of the organic soil conditioning water solvent is ≥200g / L, and the amino acid is ≥110g / L; or / and, in the drought-resistant water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents, 3% γ-polyglutamic acid is ≥70g / L, and the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis is ≥100 million / mL; or / and, the water-soluble NPK fertilizer contains 20% N, 20% P2O5, and 20% K2O; In the jointing stage, the amino acid content of the organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient is ≥100 g / L, and the trace elements are ≥20 g / L; or / and, in the drought-resistant water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents, 3% γ-polyglutamic acid is ≥70 g / L, and the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis is ≥100 million / mL; or / and, the water-soluble NPK fertilizer contains 20% N, 20% P2O5, and 20% K2O; During the heading period, the water-soluble NPK fertilizer contains 20% N, 20% P2O5, and 20% K2O; During the maturity period, the amino acids in the organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient are ≥100g / L, and the trace elements are ≥20g / L; or / and, in the drought-resistant and water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents, 3% γ-polyglutamic acid is ≥70g / L, and the effective live bacteria count of Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis is ≥100 million / mL.

6. The method for improving the green and high-yield planting of brewing sorghum according to claim 5, characterized in that: The usage amount of the drought-resistant water-retaining agent in the seedling stage, jointing stage and maturity stage is the same.

7. The method for improving the green and high-yield planting of brewing sorghum according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The minimum dosage of the organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient in the jointing stage is greater than the maximum dosage in the maturity stage.

8. The method for improving the green and high-yield planting of brewing sorghum according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 2, the fertilization conditions at each period are as follows: During the sowing period, the amount of organic fertilizer used is 1.5 kg / mu; or / and, the amount of high-nitrogen and high-phosphorus fertilizer used is 1.5 kg / mu; or / and, the amount of boron-containing trace element water-soluble fertilizer used is 500 g / mu; During the seedling emergence period, the amount of the organic soil conditioning water solvent is 2 kg / mu; or / and, the amount of the drought-resistant water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents is 1 kg / mu; or / and, the amount of the water-soluble NPK fertilizer is 1 kg / mu; During the jointing stage, the dosage of the organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient is 1.5 kg / mu; or / and, the dosage of the drought-resistant water-retaining agent containing γ-polyglutamic acid and functional microbial agents is 1 kg / mu; or / and, the dosage of the water-soluble NPK fertilizer is 3 kg / mu; During the heading period, spray foliar fertilizer of 1.5 g / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2 kg / mu of water-soluble NPK fertilizer at least once, and spray foliar fertilizer of 1.5 g / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate at least once again after heading.

9. The method for improving the green and high-yield planting of brewing sorghum according to claim 5, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer is selected from Shenchu ​​biological organic fertilizer powder; or / and, the boron-containing trace element water-soluble fertilizer is selected from Tianpeng trace element water-soluble fertilizer; or / and, the drought-resistant water-retaining agent is selected from Jixiangyu biological drought-resistant water-retaining agent; or / and, the water-soluble NPK fertilizer is selected from "Zhubang" balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer; or / and, the organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient is selected from Jixiangyu organic selenium-rich amino acid nutrient.

10. The method for improving the green and high-yield planting of brewing sorghum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drip irrigation spacing is 35cm×20cm, and the irrigation time is 4 hours; or / and, the sorghum planting row spacing is 35cm, and the plant spacing is 20cm; or / and, the sorghum is selected from the Jinnuoliang No. 1 sorghum variety.

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