Fruit tree high-yield fertilizer and preparation method thereof
By selecting fertilizer raw materials and processes in fruit tree base fertilizer, a high-yield fruit tree high-yield fertilizer was prepared, which solved the problems of existing base fertilizers with high cost, short fertilizer efficiency and soil pollution, and achieved an efficient and environmentally friendly fruit tree nutrient supply.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510003909.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-02
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-18
AI Technical Summary
The existing fruit tree base fertilizer plan has high cost, short fertilizer efficiency, and is prone to affect the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The proportion of nitrogen fertilizer application is too high, resulting in waste of fertilizer and soil pollution.
A high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees is used, and the raw materials include animal feces, soybean straw, nitration inhibitors, ammonium superphosphate, urea, potassium sulfate, herb, wood ash, humic acid and trace elements. It is prepared through fermentation and granulation processes to improve the utilization rate of fertilizers and fruit quality.
It significantly improves the yield and fruit quality of fruit trees, extends fertilizer efficiency, reduces soil pollution, and improves the soil's water retention and ventilation capacity.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees and a preparation method thereof. Background Art
[0002] Fertilization is a core link in the field of fruit tree cultivation. Reasonable fertilization of fruit trees can help improve the yield and quality of fruit trees and further increase planting benefits. Among them, due to the high nutrient demand, long growth cycle, and susceptibility to adverse winter climate in fruit tree planting, it is even more necessary to apply basal fertilizer to further improve the nutrient reserves of fruit trees and enhance tree resistance. The application period of basal fertilizer is usually before the fruit trees enter the dormant period in autumn, because the nutrients stored in the fruit trees during this period have a significant impact on the smooth completion of the processes of germination, flowering, leaf development, rooting, fruit setting, and fruit growth in the winter and the next growing season, and are the key to high and stable yields of fruit trees.
[0003] However, existing basal fertilizer solutions for fruit trees generally have problems such as high cost, short fertilizer effect, and easy impact on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and further improvement is still needed. Taking the field of nitrogen fertilizer as an example, existing planting solutions usually have problems such as excessive fertilization and a high proportion of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer application. Although this method can increase nitrogen input, it also increases the leaching of nitrate nitrogen and gaseous nitrogen loss in the soil; this not only causes fertilizer waste, but also causes a large amount of fertilizer components to accumulate in the soil, which can easily cause soil compaction, salinization, groundwater pollution and other problems. How to further improve the above-mentioned problems is an issue that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the invention
[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems in the background technology. The present invention improves the optimization of the types of raw materials and the addition ratio in the fertilizer, and while improving the fertilizer utilization rate, it also further improves the fruit quality and yield. The fertilizer scheme of the present invention is mainly organic fertilizer, which can lay the foundation for the entire growth cycle of the fruit tree, and is supplemented with inorganic fertilizers such as ammonium superphosphate, urea, and trace elements, which can efficiently supplement nutrients in the early stage of fertilization and promote tree recovery.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees, wherein the raw materials, calculated by weight, include:
[0007] 180-220 parts of animal manure, 100-150 parts of soybean straw, 7-10 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 5-10 parts of ammonium superphosphate, 5-8 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of potassium sulfate, 40-60 parts of peat, 1-2 parts of wood ash, 15-20 parts of humic acid and 1-3 parts of trace elements.
[0008] Preferably, the trace element is one or more of zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and calcium nitrate.
[0009] Preferably, the nitrification inhibitor comprises dicyandiamide and 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine.
[0010] The nitrification inhibitor is dicyandiamide and 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine in a mass ratio of 1:0.5-3.
[0011] Preferably, the high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass:
[0012] 210 parts of animal manure, 135 parts of soybean straw, 9.5 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 10 parts of ammonium superphosphate, 7 parts of urea, 14 parts of potassium sulfate, 50 parts of peat, 1.5 parts of wood ash, 18 parts of humic acid and 3 parts of trace elements.
[0013] The second technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees, comprising the following steps:
[0014] Animal manure, soybean straw and peat are mixed and fermented to obtain organic fermented material;
[0015] The organic fermented material is mixed with the remaining raw materials and granulated to obtain the high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees.
[0016] Preferably, before the fermentation operation, a crushing step is further included; the crushing step is crushing until the product passes through a 25-80 mesh sieve.
[0017] Preferably, the fermentation time is 25-35 days.
[0018] The third technical solution of the present invention is to provide an application of the above-mentioned high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees as a base fertilizer for fruit trees.
[0019] Preferably, the fruit tree is an apple tree.
[0020] The technical principles of the present invention are as follows:
[0021] Dicyandiamide (DCD) contains structures similar to ammonia molecules, which compete with ammonia molecules for the active sites of ammonia oxidase and participate in catalytic oxidation reactions as substrates, resulting in the obstruction of the oxidation process of ammonium nitrogen, thereby inhibiting nitrification activity; however, when only DCD is used as a nitrification inhibitor, in order to maintain the ideal nitrification inhibition effect, the dosage required is relatively large. 2-Amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine (Nitrapyrin) can interact with the enzymes and receptors of nitrifying bacteria, not only inhibiting the activity of nitrifying bacteria, but also killing some nitrifying bacteria; however, although 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine can kill nitrifying bacteria, the nitrification inhibition effect is weak, and excessive use will also have an adverse effect on soil microbial communities and crop growth, so its usage rate in this field is not high.
[0022] The present invention uses dicyandiamide and 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine at the same time, and achieves a more excellent nitrification inhibition effect in a coordinated manner. The combination of the two can not only effectively inhibit the activity of nitrifying microorganisms in the soil, but also make it more difficult for the enzyme of nitrifying bacteria to bind to the normal substrate (ammonium nitrogen) on this basis, thereby slowing down the conversion process of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, and greatly reducing the rate of nitrification reaction, so that the ammonium nitrogen in the soil is maintained at a high level for a long time, thereby improving the fertilizer utilization rate while reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer added, and avoiding the influence of excessive fertilization on the physical and chemical properties of the soil.
[0023] The addition of wood ash can further increase the chlorophyll content in fruit tree leaves, improve photosynthetic capacity and metabolic efficiency, and increase nutrient reserves, thereby facilitating the overwintering of fruit trees and early growth in the second year.
[0024] The peat added in the present invention contains a large amount of organic matter and humic acid, which can be directly absorbed and utilized by fruit trees, and has a long fertilizer effect, and can promote the growth and development of fruit trees. In addition, the addition of peat can also improve the water retention capacity of the soil, increase the aeration of the soil, ensure the respiration of plant roots, and promote the absorption of water and nutrients by the roots.
[0025] Humic acid can form stable chelates with the metal ions in the fertilizer solution of the present invention to prevent the metal ions from being precipitated or fixed in the soil, thereby improving the absorption and utilization rate of the metal ions by plants.
[0026] Applying the basal fertilizer of the present invention before the fruit trees enter a dormant period can promote the absorption and growth of nutrients by the roots, and transfer the nutrients to the leaves, which are fixed by photosynthesis and stored in the tree body to maintain the growth needs of the fruit trees, thereby helping to improve the fruit quality and yield of the fruit trees.
[0027] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:
[0028] The present invention improves the optimization of the types of raw materials and the addition ratio in the fertilizer, and while improving the fertilizer utilization rate, it also further improves the fruit quality and yield. The fertilizer scheme of the present invention is mainly organic fertilizer, which can lay the foundation for the entire growth cycle of the fruit tree, and is supplemented with inorganic fertilizers such as ammonium superphosphate and urea, as well as trace elements, which can efficiently supplement nutrients in the early stage of fertilization and promote tree recovery. The high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees of the present invention can significantly increase the fruit setting rate and single fruit weight of mature trees, improve fruit quality, and further improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and has good application value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] Now, various exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, and this detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments and are not used to limit the present invention.
[0030] In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.
[0031] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention.
[0032] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in the present invention are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.
[0033] All raw materials used in the following examples and comparative examples of the present invention are commercially available products.
[0034] Example 1
[0035] A high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
[0036] 210 parts of sheep manure, 135 parts of soybean straw, 9.5 parts of nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide and 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine in a mass ratio of 1:2.2), 10 parts of ammonium superphosphate, 7 parts of urea, 14 parts of potassium sulfate, 50 parts of peat, 4 parts of wood ash, 18 parts of humic acid, 0.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1 part of copper sulfate and 1.5 parts of calcium nitrate.
[0037] Preparation of high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees:
[0038] The sheep manure, soybean straw and peat are mixed evenly, crushed to pass through a 25-mesh sieve, and then composted for 35 days (the fermentation temperature during the period does not exceed 60° C., and the compost is turned to prevent local overheating), to obtain an organic fermented material;
[0039] The remaining raw materials are added to the organic fermented material, stirred evenly, granulated by a granulator, and then dried to a water content of 18% to obtain a high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees.
[0040] Example 2
[0041] A high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
[0042] 220 parts of sheep manure, 100 parts of soybean straw, 8 parts of nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide and 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine in a mass ratio of 1:2.2), 9 parts of ammonium superphosphate, 6 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 60 parts of peat, 3 parts of wood ash, 15 parts of humic acid, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 1 part of calcium nitrate.
[0043] Preparation of high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees:
[0044] The sheep manure, soybean straw and peat are mixed evenly, crushed to pass through a 25-mesh sieve, and then composted for 35 days (the fermentation temperature during the period does not exceed 60° C., and the compost is turned to prevent local overheating), to obtain an organic fermented material;
[0045] The remaining raw materials are added to the organic fermented material, stirred evenly, granulated by a granulator, and then dried to a water content of 18% to obtain a high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees.
[0046] Comparative Example 1
[0047] The only difference from Example 1 is that dicyandiamide is replaced by an equal mass of 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine.
[0048] Comparative Example 2
[0049] The only difference from Example 1 is that 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine is replaced by an equal mass of dicyandiamide.
[0050] Comparative Example 3
[0051] The only difference from Example 1 is that dicyandiamide and 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine are omitted, and an equal mass of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate is added.
[0052] Comparative Example 4
[0053] The only difference from Example 1 is that dicyandiamide and 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine are omitted, and an equal mass of soybean straw is supplemented.
[0054] Comparative Example 5
[0055] The only difference from Example 1 is that the peat is replaced by soybean straw of the same mass.
[0056] Comparative Example 6
[0057] The only difference from Example 1 is that humic acid is replaced by soybean straw of equal mass.
[0058] Comparative Example 7 (conventional base fertilizer solution)
[0059] A high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
[0060] 210 parts of sheep manure, 135 parts of soybean straw, 10 parts of ammonium superphosphate, 7 parts of urea and 14 parts of potassium sulfate.
[0061] Preparation of high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees:
[0062] The sheep manure and soybean straw are mixed evenly, crushed to pass through a 25-mesh sieve, and then composted for 35 days (the fermentation temperature during the period does not exceed 60° C., and the compost is turned to prevent local overheating), to obtain an organic fermented material;
[0063] The remaining raw materials are added to the organic fermented material, stirred evenly, granulated by a granulator, and then dried to a water content of 18% to obtain a high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees.
[0064] Effect verification
[0065] (1) In order to verify the high-yield effect of the fertilizer designed by the present invention, the following planting test was carried out. The specific test method is:
[0066] An apple plantation with an average age of 4 years (planting density of about 47 trees / mu, variety Red Fuji) was selected as the test site, and then 9 plots were selected, each with 15 apple trees. In late September, the fertilizers prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-7 were applied as basal fertilizers, and the plot without basal fertilizer was used as a control group (CK). The fertilization method was furrow application, specifically: a fertilization furrow with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 60 cm (a larger furrow depth can guide the root system of the apple tree to grow deeper, make the root system more developed, and enhance the resistance of the tree) was dug on one side 50 cm away from the fruit tree, and fertilization was carried out at an application rate of 940 kg / mu (about 20 kg / tree), and then covered with soil. After applying the basal fertilizer, other field management was carried out by local conventional means. The fruits were harvested at the fruit maturity stage of the following year, and the fruit yield, yield increase rate, average single fruit weight and soluble solid percentage of each plot were counted (the soluble solid percentage of 5 fruits was tested using a soluble solids meter and the average value was taken). The test results are shown in Table 1.
[0067] The calculation formula of the yield increase rate is: yield increase rate (%) = (yield of the experimental group - yield of the control group / yield of the control group) × 100%.
[0068] Table 1 Planting test
[0069]
[0070]
[0071] (2) During the above planting test, the ammonium nitrogen content in the soil was tested before applying the base fertilizer and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 30th and 50th day after applying the base fertilizer (the soil from 0-20 cm above the ground surface was taken). The test results are shown in Table 2.
[0072] The method for determining the ammonium nitrogen content in the soil refers to the national standard GB / T 42487-2023 "Soil quality - Determination of nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in soil - Potassium chloride solution extraction flow analysis method".
[0073] Table 2 Ammonium nitrogen content (mg / kg)
[0074] Before fertilization Fertilization on the 3rd day Fertilization on the 7th day Fertilization on the 14th day 30th day after fertilization 50th day after fertilization Example 1 12.3 23.8 41.7 36.2 27.4 18.4 Comparative Example 1 12.1 26.2 38.5 22.9 18.9 13.8 Comparative Example 2 12.3 31.1 34.8 27.3 19.1 13.9 Comparative Example 3 12.3 29.4 41.0 30.2 19.6 14.5 Comparative Example 7 12.2 30.5 21.3 17.6 14.1 13.7
[0075] It can be seen from Table 2 that, except for the data on the third day of fertilization, the ammonium nitrogen concentration of the treatment group of Comparative Example 7 is generally lower than that of other groups; this is mainly because after applying the fertilizer scheme of Comparative Example 7, the nitrogen conversion rate in the soil is relatively fast, and the high concentration of ammonium nitrogen level cannot be maintained in the soil environment for a long time, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is low.
[0076] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees, characterized in that: Raw materials, calculated by mass, include: 180-220 parts of animal manure, 100-150 parts of soybean straw, 7-10 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 5-10 parts of ammonium superphosphate, 5-8 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of potassium sulfate, 40-60 parts of peat, 2-5 parts of wood ash, 15-20 parts of humic acid and 1-3 parts of trace elements.
2. The high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trace elements are one or more of zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and calcium nitrate.
3. The high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrification inhibitor includes dicyandiamide and 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine.
4. The high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees according to claim 3, characterized in that: The nitrification inhibitor is dicyandiamide and 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine in a mass ratio of 1:0.5-3.
5. The high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: It is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 210 parts of animal manure, 135 parts of soybean straw, 9.5 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 10 parts of ammonium superphosphate, 7 parts of urea, 14 parts of potassium sulfate, 50 parts of peat, 4 parts of wood ash, 18 parts of humic acid and 3 parts of trace elements.
6. A method for preparing the high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Animal manure, soybean straw and peat are mixed and fermented to obtain organic fermented material; The organic fermented material is mixed with the remaining raw materials and granulated to obtain the high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Before the fermentation operation, a crushing step is also included; the crushing step is crushing until it passes through a 25-80 mesh sieve.
8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fermentation time is 25-35 days.
9. Use of the high-yield fertilizer for fruit trees according to any one of claims 1 to 5 as a base fertilizer for fruit trees.